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i I Kg B i'l THE TELEGRAPH, Iff PUBLISHED EVERY TUE8DAY MORN'INQ BY O. H. PRINCE; AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, 1N V A R 1A B LY J N A D V A N C E. ADVERTISEMENTS nrr inserted «t $1 OO per squire for ilie first insertion, ami 30 cent* per square for each insertion thereafter, A rersonahle deduction will be made to those who adver tise by the year. , XTN. B. Sales of LANDS, by Administrators. Exccn- lo s.or Ojjrdians. are required f*y law. to lie held on the liral Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon, and three in the afternoon, at the Court-house, in the county in which the lan 1 is situated. Notice of these sales must be given in a public gazette SIXTY DA\ S pro* viouato il.edsy of sale. Sales of NEGROES must be made at a public auction on the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual h jura .o'sale, at the place of public sales in the county where the lettera of testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, jnay have been granted, first triving r-IX 1 Y DAYo notice thereof, in one of the public gazettes of this State, and at the door of the Court hou«e,-where such sales are to be held. Notice for the »ale of Personal Property must be given in like manner, FORTY day* previous to thedny of sale. Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an estate must be published FORTY days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Or dinary for leave to sell LAND, must ba published for FOUR MONTHS. Notice for leave to sell NEGROES must be published ftr FOUR MONTHS, before any order absolute shall be* unde tlierenn by the Court. Citations for letters of Administration, must be publish ed thin v -In vs—for dismission from administration, month ly ,,r month*—for dismission from Guardianship, forty days. Uui.es for the foreclosure of Mortgage must be published ■monthly v for four months— for establishing lost papers.Jbr (hr full space of three months—for compelling titles from Executors or Administrator*, where a Uond has been given by the deceased, the full space of three months. Publications will always be continued according to these, the legal requirements,unless otherwise ordered. REMITTANCES BY MAIL.— ‘A postmaster may en close money in a letter to the publisher of a newspaper, to pay the subscription of a third person, and frank the letter if written by himself.*’—Amor Kendall, P. .1/. ft. <£OU0VCSS8fonaL slavery, or involuntary servitude, (except lor crimes,) shall be prohibited.” The business in the House of Representa tives, to-day, has been of an important charac ter. The first measure acted upon was the bill making appropriations for certain harbors and rivers, which has occupied the attentinn of the House for the lost two days.- Mr. I ibbatl s substitute was ultimately adopted, with the ex ception of so much thereofast elated to the Lou isville canal, and in that form the hill was pass ed. The House, then, during the morning hour, took up the resolutions from the Select Committee on the Affairs of Rhode Island, and they were discussed by Mr. Elmer, ofNew Jersey,* and Mr. Williams,* of Massachusetts, and were again passed over. The business on the Speaker’s table was next in order, and amongst the documents there was the joint re solution for the annexation of Texas, which had been r< turned from the Senate with an a- mendment. The resolutions and the amend ment were read, and then it motion was made to comm'i them to the Committee of the Whole on lhe state of the Union ; which was ultimate ly carried, after the House had disposed of al most innumerable motions which were made to retard their progress. Afterwords, the House resolved itself into Commi'tee of the Whole on the state of lhe Union, and took up those rtso- lutions; and, after, rejecting all the amend ments offered, the amendment of the Senate was concurred in, the resolutions were report ed to the House, and were finally passed, by a majority of 132 to 76. That very important business disposed of, the House again resolved itself into Committee of the Whole on lhe state of the Union; and the bill making appropria tions for the naval service for the next fiscal year was taken up, and several amendments were made thereto. The committee ihen rose and reported it lo the House; when ii was or dered lo be engrossed fora third rending, and then read the third time, and passed. The Houseagain went into Committee of the W hole on the state of the Union, and took up the ar my appropriation bill. The bill was coniinued ns the subject of consideration and amendment till near 10 o’clock; when ti.ecommittee rose, and the House adjourned. Maucji 1. In the Senate, to-day, the postage hill, which had beeH returned from the House with amend ments, was disposed of. The House amend ments were concurred in, which fixes the rates of postage at five and ter< routs, instead of five cents to all parts of the Union. The Senate made one or two additional amendments, New York, in the room of Hon. Silas Wright, resigned, for residue of Mr. Wt ighl s term. now that our domain extends from ocean to ocean, that our people have so greatly increase*! in numbers, anti at a tune when so treat diversity of opinion prevails i principles ami policy which should charante isiration of our government and the wisest tremble, wht „ v/hieh may depend our country s peace and prosperity,and, in some degree, the hopes and happ Well i regard to the r.n the arlnnn- boldest fear, msibilities on , oi the whole hu- | In assuming responsibilities so vast, I fer the aid of that Almighty Ruler of the unive hands ve the destinies of nations and of men, heaven-favored land against the miscl * ight arise fri gently invoke rse. in whose to guard this Inch. without His'g'fidnnca, might arise from an unwise public policy. With a firm reliance upon the wisdom of Omnipotence to •sustain and direct me in the path of duty which I am ap pointed to pursue, I stand in the presence of this nssembled # ijiuUiimle of jiiv countrymen to take upon myself the sol- j not but feel a deep interest i obligation. “ to the best of my ability, to preserve, pro 1 ‘ * ‘‘ ' ~ J prom the Washington Globe. Fr.RKUARY 26. Tn iho Senate, to-iliy, -Mr. M.llcr occupied the morning session in an effort to prove that the government of the United States does not possess ihepowt-r in any way to effect n union vv'tli Texas; in doing which, lie maintained that if there was any right under the ronstitu- j which rendered it necessary to return the hill tiun to annex a foreign territory, it existed j to the House for concurrence therein. The with the ireaty-maki-g power, and not with ; bill irom the House for the admission of the Congress. After he hud concluded, Mr. Ar- ] States of Iowa and Florida into the Union was clier moved t! e Senate to go into executive ses- taken up, and debated until the hour for recess, ttion, with the view to huve printed and refer- During the afternoon session, the bill to ad- red an important communication from the exc- i mit the States of Florida and Iowa was discus- cutive, the nature of which is unknown; which sed at length,hind finally passed by a vote of 36 bein" done, the Senate took a recess til! five | to 9. At 10 o’clock, p. rn., the Senate was o’clock. At 5 o’clock the Senate reassembled, when Mr. Bagby took the floor, and expressed much solicitude that this proposition for annex ing Texas might be made to assume a shape free from all constitutional objection. Heaver- red his belief that the peop'e, so far as they were concerned, had settled the queslion that Te xns should be admitleJ into the Union, if it could be done consistently with the pro* isions of the constitution. He believed it could be so done—not, however, by tbo pas-age of the naked proposition which came from the House. lb« r «Ml an ardent desire that the Cnn- gress of the Unlira orates, tins session would pass some act by which Texas might bp ceded to the United States, He did not believe, how ever, that it could be done by the proposition of ti.e House; for that determired nothing, but mo roly gave the consent of Congress to that r< public to do what she had an indisputable right IT do—eiect a new coftist'tution with the view to her future admission. It was his op- inion that it would ho more respectable to pass a law indicating the terms on which the end could be attained. It was this reason, and be cause the mode fixed by it was free from con stitutional objeotio >, and would, with more certainty, bring that infant republic into the U tion, that lie preferred the proposition sub mitted by the senator from Missouri, (Mr. B niton.) He declared that hu would not go for any proposition which, in his opinion, did nut conform to the constitution, or which re- j cognizes any right whatever in the Mexican | government over that territory. After he had concluded, Mr. Upham obtained the floor, and was, when we last heard from the Capitol, ma king an argument against tire measure on grounds of iinconstitutionality and inexpedien cy. He declared his'opposition to annexation in any mode that could he devised under the Constitution to effect that object. The first business taken up in the House, to day, was the bill from the Senate to reduce the rates of postage, &,c. together with the amend, nifnts agreed on in the Commilteo of the Whole on the State of the Union. The previ ous question having been moved and seconded on tins bill, under its operations the amend, monta were concnired in, and it was read the third time, and passed. The House then spent the remainder of the day in Committee ofthe Whole on the state of the Union in con sidering the bill for the improvement of certain engaged in the consideration ofthe Indian ser vice appropriation bill. March 3. In the Smote, this morning, Mr. Atchison moved to take up the House bill for the organ ization of the government of Oregon ; but the motion was strenuously opposed by Messrs. Evans, Archer, and Crittenden, on the plea that a late message from the President of the United Stales showed that the negotiation had been going on most satisfactorily till tempora rily suspended by tbe indisposition of the Sec retary of State ; and ul so on the ground that a fit.-fMi«<5inn of tlic measure mnx, uu ik* l».t ofthe session, would consume all the time re quired for the disposal of the appropriation bills. Mr. Allen completely upset all the excuses urg ed on the other side for not taking up this bill, by showing that the delay of the discussion to the last day of the session was entirely due to the procrastination of the subject day oficr day by those who now made the iateness ofthe pe riod the plea of refusing to take up this bill now. The yeas and naj*s were taken on Mr. Atchison’s motion, and resulted, yens 21, nays 23—a strict party vote. So the whig majority of the present Senate, refused to act upon the bill. Mr. Bagby made apeisonal explanation in relation to imputations cast upon him by a Washington correspondent of the Richmond Enquirer. The report of the Committee of Conference on the civil and dip'omatic appro priation bill w.is considered and concurred in. The bill providing for expenses of the Indian Department, in carrying out Indian treaties, t&c., was amended and p tssed—yeas 31, nays 2. The navy appropriation hill was consid r- cd, amended, and passed. A resolution was adopted allowing the President pro tcm. of the Senate the salary of Vice President since his election to the chair of the Senate, deducting the pay he has received, so that the resolution gives him the d (Terence out of the contingent fund. The army appropriation bill was under discussion when our paper went to press. The first hour of the session of the House of Representatives, to-day, was devoted to the re ception of reports from standing committees, which, after several bills had been reported, were discharged from the further consideration of all the remaining papers in their possession. Afterwards Mr. McKay made a report from the Committee of Conference on the civil and diplomatic appropriation bill, and the report of the committee being agreed to, tbe bill was lion. John Fairfield, elected Senator from Maine, his appointment for the previous resi- dueofa term expired. . . ' Ho i. Albert S. Greene, elected Senator from Rhode Island, in room ofHon. John B. Francis, whose term of service under appoint ment expired. : Hon. Jabez W. Huntington, re elected Sen ator from Connecticut, Hon. Reverdy Johnson, ■ e'ected Sena (or from Maryland, in the room of the Hon. Wil liam D. Merrick, whose term expired. ^ Hon. Samuel S. Phelps, re-c!cced benator from Vermont. Hon. Jesse Speight, elected Senator from Mississippi, in the room ofHon. John Hender son, whose term expired. Hon. Daniel Sturgeon, re-elected Senator from Pennsylvania. Hon. Daniel Webster, elected Senator from Massachusetts, in the room of Hon. Rufus Choate, whose term expired. The Senators then present were, from Maine.—Hon. George Evans, and Hon. John Fairfield. New Hampshire.—Hon. CharlesG. Alhci- ton and Hon. Levi Woodbury. Vermont.—Hon. Samuel S. Phelps, and IIon. William Upham. Massachusetts.—Hon. Daniel Webster. Rhode Island.—Hon. Albert C. Greene, and Hon. Simmons. Connecticut.—Hon. Jabez W, Hunting- ton and Hon. John M- Niles. Nkyv York.—Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson & Hon. John A. Dix. Pennsylvania.—lion. James Bucr.anan & Hon.-David Sturgeon. New Jersey.—Hon. Win. L. Dayton, and Hon. Jacob W. Miller. Delaware.—Hon. Thomas Clayton, and Hon. J. M. Clayton. Maryland.—Hon. Reverdy* Johnson. Virginia.—-lion. Wm. S. Archer. North Carolina—Hon. Wm.H. Haywood and Hon. Willie P. Mungam. S. Carolina.—H"n. Daniel E. Huger and Hon. George McDuffie. Georgia.—Hon. John M. Berrien anti Hon. Walter T. Colquitt. ALAn.vT.iA.—Hon. Arthur P. Bagby & Hon. Dixon H. Lewis. Louisiana.—Hon. Alexander Barrow and Hon. Henry Johnson. Mississippi.—rHon. Jesse Speight" and Hon. Robert J. Walt er. Arkansas.—Hon. Chester Ashley IJoq. Ambrose H. Sevier. Kentucky.—Hon. John J. Crittenden and Hon. Jas. T. M<wehead. Missouri.—Hon. David R. Atchinson and Hon. Thomas H. Benton. Illinois.—Hon. Sidney Brcese and Hon. .Tames Semple. Indiana.—Hon. Edward A. Hannognn. Ohio.—Hon. William Allen and lion. T. Corwin. . Michigan.—Hon. Lewis Cass and Hon. William Woodbr'dge. Tennessee.—Hon. Spencer Jarnagin. 47. Two absent, viz: Hon Isaac C. Bates of Massachusetts, and Hon. James A. Pearce of Maryland. Three vacancies, viz: Virginia, Indiana and Tennessee. There were also present the Judges of the Supreme Court, in their robes, the members of the ex cabinet, and the diplomatic corps. At half past 11 o’clock, the Hon. George M. Dallas. Vice-i'resiaeni ctcci ui me xjoiiea otate#, was imiuUuvcd by the Committee of Arrangements, aud, being dnly sworn by the President pro tern., took the chair as President ofthe Senate, pursuant to the constitution of the United States, and addressed the Senate as follows : Senators: In directing the Vice Presidentto preside at (he deliberations of this body, the constitution of our coun try assigns to hirn a sphere and a duty alike eminent and grateful. Without any of the cares of real power; with none of the responsibilities of legislation, except in rare conjunctures, he is associated with the dignified delegates of republican sovereignties; ne is posted by the entire Ame rican people in your confederated council, partly, it wouid seem, os an organ of freedom’s fundamental principle of order, and partly, perhaps, ns a mere symbol of that more popular and ••more perfect Union.' on which depend the blessings of our peace, indepeudence. and liberty. His mission, tranquil and unimposing, is yet noble in its origin and objects, and happy ns well as proud in its relations to you. No one, gentlemen, can appreciate more highly or re cognise more deferentially, than does the incumient of this chair, the powers, privileges, and rules or forms of the Senate of the United States, To maintain these, unimpair* ed and unrelaxed. lie feels it lo be an official duty, second, i impressive obligation, only to his constitutional allegi ance. To their exercise the republic owes incalculable good; and through them lias been gradually achieved a wide-spread fame for wisdom, justice, mode^'tion, and effi- | ebney. unsurpassed by any assemblage cf statesmen in for- achievements* of free minds and free handsfunder the | mei or present times. A calm and well adjusted system ot i teeiinn of this glorious Union? No treason to mankind since the organization of society, would be equal in atroci ty io ihatof liiin Who would lilt oil band to destroy it. He mouuts from the labors of the many to the coffers of the few. Such a system is incompatible with the ends lor which oar republican government was instituted. Under a wise policy, the debts contracted in our revolution, and during the war of i8K\ have been happily Mtingui.shed. By a judicious application of the revenues not required lor other necessary purposes, it is not doubted that the debt which has grown out of the circumstances of the last few years mav he spe-dily paid off. our laws, and the benefits of our republican ; nstitutions, should be extended overthem in the distant regions which they have selected for their homes. Tbe increasing fa cilities of intercourse will easily bring lhe State*. 0 f which the formation in that part of our territory cannot he Ions delayed, within the sphere of our federative Union. In tlie mean time, every obligation imposed by treaty or conventional stipulation? should he sacredly tespecie’d. In the mnnngcmrnt of our foreign telntions, it will he ■rCiSOent of the Union, and ild it be for the I congratulate my fell of the credit of the general tlmt of many of the States. Hapj._ debted States if they were freed frbm their liabilities, man of which were incautiously contracted. Although the gov ernment of the Union i» neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for the debts of the States, and it would be a viola tion of our compact of Union to assume them, yet v ewing all the State the entire restoration j my aim to observe a careful respect for lhe rights of other j nations, while our own will he the subject of constant | watchfulness. Equal and exact justice should churncter- I i7.e nil our intercourse with foreign cour tries. All alii, nnces having a tendency to jeopard the welfare and honor of our country, or sacrifice any one ofthe national inter- ests, will he studiously avoided\ and yet no opiioriuniiy | emn w . . . ( tect t and defend tbe constitution ofthe United .-nates. A concise enumeration ot the principles which will guide I me in tbe administiaiive policy of the government, is not I only in accordance with the examples set me by all my pre decessors, hut is eminently befitting tho occasion. ^ The constitution itself, plainly written as it is. the Safe guard of our federative compact, tho offspring of concession and compromise, binding together in the bonds of peace and union this great and increasing family of free and indepen dent States, will he the chart by which l shall be directed. It will be rny first care to administer the government in the true spirit of that instrument, and to assume no powers not expressly granted or clearly implied in its terms. The government ofthe United States is one ut delegated and limited powers ,* and ft is by a strict adherence to the clear ly granted powers, and by ab-taining from thejexeicise of doubtful or unauthorized implied powers, that we have the only sure guarmty against the recurrence of those unfortu nate collisions between the federal and State authorities, which have occasionally so much disturbed the hnrmony of our system, and even threatened tbe perpetuity of our glo rious Union. “To the States respectively, or to the people/* have been reserved “the power.% not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States.’* Each State is a complete sovereignty within the sphere of its re served powers. The government of the Union, acting with in the sphere of its delegated authority, is also a complete sovereignty. While the general government should abstain from the exercise'of authority not clearly delegated to it, the States should be equally careful that, in the maintenance oCtlieir rights, they do not overstep the limits of powers re served to them. One of the most distinguished of my pre- I decessors attached deserved importance to “the support of the State governments in all iheir rights, as the most com petent administration for our domestic concerns, and the su rest bulwark against anti-republican tendencies;* and to the ‘preservation of the general government in its whole constitutional vigor, as 'lie sheet anchor of our peace at home, and safety abroad/* To the government of the United States has been intrust ed the exclusive management of our foreign affairs. Be yond that, it wields a few general enumerated powers. It does not force reform on the Sta es It leaves individuals, over whom it casts its proteenug influence, cntiiely free to improve their own condition by the legitimate exercise of all their mental and physical powers. It is a common pro- ternrofeach and all the States ; of every man who lives upon our soil, whether of native or foreign birth; of every religious sect, in their worship of the Almighty* according to the dictates of their own consc.ence ; of every shade of opinion, and the most free inquiry; of every art, trade, and occupation, consistent with the laws of the^States.— And we rejoice in the general happiness, prosperity, and advancement of our country, which have been the offspring -‘of freedom, and not of power. This most ndmitable and widest system of well regulat ed self government among men, evei devised by human minds, has been tested by its successful operation for more than half a century , and. if pieseive-t from the usurpations «f the federal government on the one hand, end the exer cise by the States of powers uot reserved to them on the ' other, will. I fervently hope and believe, endure for ages Yd'eoiiie, and dl*P en ® e die blessings of civil and teiigious liberty to distant generations. To e'.lect objects, so dear to every patriot. I shall devote myself with anxious solici tude. It will be my desire to guard against that most fruit ful source of danger to the harm mious action of our system, which consists in substituting the mere discretion and ca price of the executive*.or of majorities' in the legislative de partment of the government, for powers which have been withheld from the federal Government b^r the Constitution. By the theory of our Government, majorities rule; but this righi is not an arbitrary or unlimited one. It is a right to be exercised in subordination to the Constituti»*n, and in con formity to it. One great object of the Constitution was to restrain majorities from oopressing minorities.x>r encroach* ing upon their just rights. Minorities .have a right* to ap peal to the Constituti in. as n shield against such oppression. That the blessings of liberty.which our Constitution se cures may oe enjoyed aHke by minorities and majorities, the executive has been wisely invested with a qualified ve to upon t lie acts of the legislature. It is a negative power, and is conservative in its character. It arrests for the time hasty, inconsiderate, or unconstitutional legislation; invites reconsideration, and transfers questions at issue between the legislative and executive department^to the tributialof the people- Like all other powers, it is subject to be abu sed.. When judiciou ly and properly exercised, the Con stitution itself may be saved from infraction, and the rights of all preserved and protected. The inestimable value of our Federal Union is feft ana acknowledged by all. By this system of united and con federated States, our people are permitted, collectively and individoaWy, to seek their own happiness in their own way ; and the consequences have been most auspicious.—- I Since the Union was formed, the number of the States has increased from thirteen to twenty-eicht; two of these have j taken their position as members of the confederacy within I the last week. Our population has increased from three to j twenty millions New communities‘and dtates are seeking protection under its regis, and multitudes from the Ola World are Hocking to our shores to participate in its bless- I -ings. Beneath its benign sway, peace and prosperity pre. vail. Freed from the buidens and miseries of war. oar trade and intercomse hare extended throughout lhe world. Mind, no longer tasked in divising menrs to accomplish or resist schemes of ambition, usurpation or conquest, is de- Toiing itsetf to man’s true interests, in developing his fa culties and powers, and tbe capacity of nature to miuister to his enjoyments. Genius is free to announce its inven tions and discoveries; and the hand is free to accomplish whatever the head conceives, not incompatible with the rights ofa feltow being. All distinctions of birth or rank have been abolished. Ail citizens, whether native dr a- dopted, are placed upon termsof precise equality. All are entitled to equal rights and equal protection. No union ex ists between ctiurcb and Slate ; and perfect freedom of o- pinion is guarantied to alt sects and creeds. These ore some of the blessings secured to our happy land by our federal Union. To perpetuate them, it is our sa cred duty to preserve it. Who shall assign limits to the can- I will be lost to cultivate a favorable understanding with meet ' foreign governments, by which our navigation and com- their public liabilities, and pay oflf their just debts, at the | merce may be extended, and the ample products of our earliest practioa 1 le period. That they will do so an soon I feilile soil, ns will ns the mnnnfactures of our skillful as it can be done without imposing too heavy burdens on 1 nrSizatut, find n ready market and remunerating prices in their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The sound, I foreign countries. inoral, and honor tble feeling of the people of the indebted In taking ** earn that the la w-s be fa it It fully e see u ted,’* a States, cannot he questioned” and we are happy to perceive j strict perfofniani r of duty will he exacted iiotn ail publii a settled disposition on tlieir part, as their ability retur rrassntent, to reaaona- after a season of unexampled pecuniary eml pay ofi* all just demands and to acquie ble measures to accomplish that object. One o! the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the.practicle administration of the government, consists in the udjustmenlofour revenue laws, and the levy ofthe taxes necessary for the support of girernment. Jn the - - - general proposition, tliatnG inure money' shall be collected by a strict adherence to the clear- titan the necessities of an economical administration shall requite, all parties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem to be any material difiereuee of opinion as to the ab sence of right in tbe government to tax one section of coun try, or one class of citizens, or one occupation, for the mere profit of another. "Justice and sound policy forbid the federal government to foster one branch of industry to tho detriment of another, or to cherish the interests of one por tion to the injury ofanother portion nf our common country.” I have heretofore declared to my fellow-citizens that, in "my judgment, it is the iluty of the government to extend, as far ns it may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws, and all other means within its power, fair ami just protec tion to all *he great interests of the whole Union, embrn- cing agriculture, manufactures, the mechanic arts, com merce, and navigation.” I have also declared my opin ion to be "iu favour of a tariff" for revenue,” and t adjusting the details of sui such moderate discriniinati amount of revenue needed, and, at the same time, afford reasonable incidental protection lo our home industry ’ and that I was “opposed to a tariff" for protection merely and not for revenue.” The power “to lay and collect duties, imposts and ex cises,” was an indispensable one to be conferred on the federal government, which, without it, would possess no means of providing for its own support. In executing this power by levying a tariff" of duties for tbe support.of government, tlie raising of revenue should be the object, and protection the incident. To reverse this principle, mid make protection the object, and revenue the incident, would be to inflict manifest injustice upon all other than the protected interests. In levying duties for revenue.it is doubtless proper to make sucli discriminations within tlie revenue j. rinciple, as will afford incidental protection to our home interests. Within the revenue limit, there is a discretion to discriminate; beyond that limit, the right ful exercise of the power is not Conceded. Tlie inciden tal protection afforded to our home interests by discrimi nations within the revenue ranee, it is believed will he ample. In making discriminat'ons. all our home intere-ts should, as far as practicable, be equally protected. The largest portion of our people are agriculturists. Others are em ployed in mauufaetures, commerce, navigation, and the mechanic arts. They are all engaged in their resi eetive pursuits, at d their joint labors constitute the national or home industry. To lax one branch of this lion e industry for the benefit of another would be unj'ust. No one of these interests can rightfully claim an advantage over the others, or to be enriched, by impoverishing the others.— All are equally entitled to the Tottering care and protec tion of the government. In exercising a sound discretion in levying discriminating duties A'ithin the limits prescrib ed, care should be taken that it te done in a manner not to benefit the wealthy few. at the expense of the toiling millions, by taxing loirrsl tbe luxuries of life, nr articles of superior quality and high price, which can only be con sumed by the wealthy; and highest the necessaries of life, or articles of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass nf our people must consume. The bur dens of government should, as far as practicable, be dis tributed justly and equally among all classes of our popu lation. These general views, long entertained on this sub ject, X have deemed it proper to reiterate. It is a subject, upon which conflicting interests of sections and occupa tions are supposed m exist, and a spirit of mutual con cession and eimpromise in adjusting its details should be cherished by every part of our widespread country as the only me-ns oT preserving harmony and a c.!;eerful acquies cence of all in the operation of our revenue laws. Our patriotic citizens in every part of the Union will readily submit to the payment of such taxes as shall be needed, for tbe support of their government, whether in peace or in war. if they are so levied as to distribute the burdens as equally as possible among them. The republic, of Texns'has made known her uesrrcto come into onr Union, to form n part of our confederacy, and enjoy with us the blessings of liberty, secured and guarantied by our constitution. Texas was once a part of our country—wax unwisely ceded uwn v to a foreign power—is now independent, n"ml possesses an undoubted right to dispose of a part or the whole of her territory, and to merge her sovereignty, a? a separate and indepen dent State, in otirs. I congratulate in v country that, by hn act of the late Congress of tlie United Slates, the as sent of this government hits been given to the reunion; and it only remains for the two countries to ngriJe upon the terms, to consummate an object so important tn both I regard ibe question of annexation as belongingexcln- sively to tbe United States and Texas. They are inde pendent posers, competent to control; mid foreign na tions have no right lo interfere with them, or to take ex ceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not seem to appreciate the true ehnraeter of our government. Our Union is a confederation of independent States, whose policy is pence with each other and nil the world. To enlarge its limits, is to extend the dominions of pence over additional territories, and increasing millions. The world has nothing to fear from military ambition in our government. While the chief mngi-lrato and the popu lar branch of Congress are elected foi s-Iiort terms by the suffrages of those millions whnaimM, in their own persons, bear nil the burdens and miseries of wnr, our government cunilot lie otherwise thntipacilie. Foreign powers should, therefore, look on the annexation of Texas to the United Stales, not as the conquest of a union seeking to extend officers. From those officers, cspec.allv, who are eharg- , ed with the collection and disbursement nf the public rrv- | enue, will prompt and rigid responsibility be lequireri, I Any culpable failure or delay on iheir part to account for j the moneys intrusted them; at the times and in the man- ! ner required by law. will, in every instance, terminate the ! official connection of such defaulting officer with the gov- ; prnmrnt. Although, in ot;r country, the - chief magistrate must almost of necessity be chosen by n party, and stand pledg- i ed to its principles and measures, yet, in his official ne tion, I be should not be the President of a part only, hut of the i whole people of the United States. While he executes j the laws with an impartial hand, shrinks from no proper I responsibilityend faithfully carries eut in lite executive ! department of the government the principles and poliev I of those who have chosen him, he. should not be linminn- ! ful that onr fellow citizen* tvho have differed with hi in in 1 opinion are entitled to the full and free exercise of their opinions and judgments, and that the rights of all are en titled to respect and regard. Confidently relying upon tlie aid and assistance of lbs co-ordinate departments of the government in condueting our public affairs, I enter upon the discharge of the high duties which have been assigned me by the people, again humbly supplicating that Divine Being who has watched tariff, I have sanctioned i ovesand protected our beloved country from its infancy duties as would produce the tf> the present hour, to continue. His gracious benedic tions upon its, that we may continue lobe a prosperous unit happy people. rivers tuid harbors, to which several amend- i passed. Other general bills on the Speaker’s m“nts were mntle, and a number were offered i table were considered until 3 o’clock, when lint were rejected- T-lte committee rose and reported progress at a late hour, without com ing to ntty conclusion on the bill. After adopt ing a resolution offered by Mr. McKay, to meet at 10 o’clock to-morrow instead of 11, tbe usu al hour, the House adjourned. February 27. The Senate, to-day, disposed of the Texas question. The joint resolution from the House as amended on the motion of Mr. Walker, was the House took a recess until 6 o’clock. Af ter the recess, the House reassembled, and dis posed ofthe Indian appropriation bill, the bill supplemental to tbe bill for the admission of Florida and Iowa into lhe Union, and many other bids from the Senate, with which the House was proceeding when we last heard from the Capitol. March 4. At 11 o’clock a. m. the Hon. Willie F. passed by a vote of 27 lo 2-5. A further notice 1 Mangitii, President pro tern, oi the Senate, ofthe proceeding will be found below. Tbo House was occupied, during tbe whole of this day, on ilie bill reported yesterday from the Committee of lhe Whole on tlie state of the Union, making appropriations for the improvement of cettnin harbors and rivers.— Several amendments were made, and many that were offered were rejected; and finally, at a late hour, the House adjourned without coming to any conclusion on the bill. February 29. Tho Senate, this morning, refused to take- up the bill for the admission cf the S'ates of Iowa and Florida into the Union—all the whigs voting a»ainst the motion, and all lhe demo- ctats for it. Tho remainder of the day’s ses sion was occupied is disposing of the civil and diplomatic appropriation bill, which was order ed to he engrossed ; and the Set.ate then ad journed. In publishing, in last evening’s pa per, the jo nt resolution for admit ting the State of Texas into tlie Union, the latter clause was inadvertently omitted from tlie House resolu tion in tlie following words : ‘‘And in such Slate or States as shall he finned out of said territo ry north of said Missouri compromise line, called the Senate to order. Mr. Crittenden presented the credentials of the Hon. Thomas Corwin, elected by the Le gislature of Ohio United States Senator from that State, for the term of six years, from the •1th of March, 1845, and they were read, and laid on the lablc. The following Senators elect were then call ed by the President pro tern, and duly sworn Senators ofthe United States for six yeti rs from this date : Hon. Thos. II. Benton, re-elected Senator from Missouri. Hon. Lewis Cass, elected Senator from Mi chigan, in the room of Hou. Augustus S. Por ter, whose term expired. Hon. John M. Clayton, elected Senator frem Delaware, in the room of Hon. R. H. Bayard, w hose term ,,fservice expired. Hon. Thomas Corwin, elected Senator from action in ihis chamber, carefulljr devised and steadily pur* sued by those who have preceded us in it, has injjeed/or^e-, ly contributed to the undoubted success of our great politi cal experiment. Instability, hasie. procrastination, discour* tesjv and indecision habitually discountenanced and ban ished. leave, in un%listurbt*d snpremaev here, the powers of enlightened reason, and the riser of practical patriotism.-r* Our country reaps thence solid and substantial advantages in her policy, institutions, prospects, and renown. The citizen whom it has pleased a people to elevate by their suffrages from the pursuits of private and domestic life, may best evince his grateful sense of the honor thus conferred, hy devoting his faculties, moral and intellectual, resolutely to their service. This I shall do; yet with a diffi. dence unavoidable to one conscious that almost every step in his appointed path is to him new and.untried, and sensible how dangerous a contrast must occur in the transfer of pow ers from practised to unpractised hands. In observing, however, upon this floor, a number of those experienced and skilful statesmen on whom the nation justly looks with pride and reliance, I am assured that there can be but little danger of public disadvantage from inndveriencies or mis takes, which their counsel may readily avert or rectify.— And thus, gentlemen, while aiming frankly and impartially, to exercise the functions of an accustomed station in the spi rit of the constitute n, for tbe enlarged and Iasi ing purposes ofa revered country, and with sincere good will towards all I may cherish tlie encouraging hope of being a 1 le, witn tlie assent of an indulgent Providence, at once toperfoimmy duty and to aiiractyour confidence. , At for»y minutes past 11 o’clock the Hon. JAMES K. Pof.K President elect of the United Stares, accompanied by thee j. President of the United States, the Hon. John Tyler, was introduced by the committee of arrangements, and, having bowed to tbe assembled Senate, took his seat in front of the desk of the Secretary of tlie Senate. At five minutes before 12 o’clock, the assistant sergeant- at-arms of the Senate named the order of procession from the Senate chamber to the platform at lhe east front of the Capitol, and the procession formed and proceeded accor dingly. as follows : The Marshal ofthe District of Columbia; The Supreme Court of the United States; The Sergennt-at-anns of Lhe Senate; The Committee of arrangements; The President elect. ex-Presidents, the Vice President and Secretary of tlie Senate; The members of the Senate; The Diplomatic Corps; The Mayors of Washington, Georgetown, anti Alexan dria.and the other persons before admitted on the floor of j the Senate. j On reaching the front of the portico, the President elect, aid Chief Justice, took the seats provided for them, j The ex-Presidents. the Committee of arrangements, and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, occupied a posi* I tion several feet in the rear of the President elect, j The Vice Pre Went. Secretary, and Members of the Sen ate. occupied parallel lines next in rear. The Diplomatic Corps occupied the next position; and the space immediately in the rear was assigned to the late Speaker. Clerk, and Members of the Senate and House of K*( iresentatives. 1 he Ladies, and such persons ns, by the rules of the Sen* J ate. and arrangements of the committee, were admitted within the Senate chamber, occupied the steps and-the re- ! sidue of the portico. The President elect then rea 4 the following IYAtniRAL ADDRESS: Fellow Citizens .-—Without solicitation on my port, l i have been chosen by the free and voluntary suffrages of my countrymen t*> the most honorable and most responsible of fice ou earth. I am deeply impressed with graiitud the confidence reposed . fj *> • rwi t/ie commence reposed in me. Honored witti this disiin- willO, 111 11113 room Ol lion, uetijaniiu T nj)|)un, guUhed consideration at anjearlier period of life than any of whose term of service expired. I my predecessors, Jcannot disguise the diffidence with which Hon. William L. Dayton, elected Senator ! 1 1 bm " to e,, ‘ e ; on . ll,e di, r lwr 8* of ,D * "®T ia: r _ * . 9 ~ noun j ]f ( }, e rtl ore aged and experienced men who have filled from INew Jersey, Ins appointment by tbe Go- I ilie otTire of President of tlie United States, even ill the in- vernor of tlmt State having expired. fancy of the repuhiir. distrusted their ability to diseharqe ii „ IX o ui- „ i , i c- . e I tlie duties of tint exalted station, what ouehi n >t to be the lion. D. S. Dicktroon, elcG.-tl Senator from arpr ,t„„i on , „f o„. .o m.rh younger .nd i.».«duw«d, xviluld overthrow the noblest structure of humar. wisdom, ■which, protects himself and his fellow-man. He would stop tlie progress of free government, anti involve his coun try either in anarchy or despotism. He would extinguish the fire of liberty which warms and animates the hearts of ltnppy millions, and invites nil the nations of the earth to I imitate our example. If he say that error and wrong are committed iu the administration of the government. let hint ! remember that nothing human can be perfect; and that un der no other system of government revealed by Heaven, or i -devised by man, has reason been allowed so free and broad a scope to combat error. Has the sword of despot* prov- ed to be a safer or surer instrument of reform in govern- I meut, than enlightened reason? Does he expect to find I among the ruins of this Uniuu a happier abode „for our s« arming millions than they now have under it ? Every l lover of his country mutt shudder at the thought of the pos sibility of its dissolution, and will be ready to adopt the patriotic sentiment, " Out federal Union—it mu-t be pre served".’’ To preserve it, the compromises which alone enabled our fathers to form a common constitution for the government and protection of so many States and distinct communities, of such diversified habits fliterests, and do mestic institutions, must he sacredly and religiously ob served. Any attempt to disturb or destroy these compro mises. being terms of the compact of Union, can lead to none other than the most ruinous and disastrous consequen ces. It is a source of deep regret that, in seme sections nf our country misguided persons have occasionally indulged in ' srhemes and agitations, whose object is the destruction of I domestic institutions existing in other sections—institutions I which existed at the adoption of the constitution, and were recognised and protected by it. All must see that if it were possible for them to be successful in attaining tlieir object, the dissolution of the Union, and the consequent destrue tion of our happy form of government, must speedily follow. I am happy id believe :bat at every period of our exis tence as a nation, there has existed, and continues to ex ist, among the great mass of our people, a devotion to the Union ofthe States, wliiuh will shield and protect it against the moral treason of any who would seriously contemplate its destruction. To secure a eomimmnce of that devotion, tlie compromises of the constitution mus. not only be pre served, but sectional jealousies and heartburnings must bf discountenanced; and all should remember that they are’ members of the same political family, having a common destiny. To increase the attachment of our people to the Union, our laws should be just. Any poliev which shall l-nd to favor monopolies, o- the peculiar interests of sec tions or classes, must operate to the prejudice of the into rests of tlieir fellow-citizens, and should be avoided. If the compromises of the constitution he preserved—if see tional jealousies and heartburnings he discountenanced—if our laws he just, and the government be practically admin istered strictly within the limits of po-i'er prescribed to it—we may discard all apprehensions for the safety of the Union. With these views of liie nature, chancier, and objects of the government, and tbe value of the Union, I shall stea dily oppose the creation of those institutions and systems which, in tlieir nature, tend lo pervert it from its legitimate pprposcs, and make it the instrument of sections, classes, an iindividuals. We need no national banks, or other ex- 'rancous institutions, planted around the government to couirul or strengthen it m opposition to the will of its au thors. Experience has taught us how unnecessary they are a» «uxili»ties of the public authorities, how impotent for good, and how powerful for mischief. intended to Ik; a plain aud frugal government ; egard it to be mv dutv to recommend to Jon ()urs wa nd I shall gress ted, to enforce rst economy in h may be com- is far as the executive is < By-all the means within my power, tin tlie expenditure of die public money patible with die public interests. A national debt has become almost an institution of Eu ropean monarchies. It is viewed in some ot diem as an es sential prop tn existing governments. Melancholy is the condition of that people whose government can he sustain ed only by a system which periodically transfers large a- her dominions hy arms and violence, but ns the peaceful acquisition of a territory once berowii, by adding another member to oor confederation n-itlt the'ennsent of tlmt member—thereby diminishing the chances of wnemnd opening to them new and ever increasing markets furtheir products. To Texas, the reunion is important, breanss the strong protecting urm uf our government w op Id t-e extended over her, and the vast resources of her fertile soil and genial Climate would tie speedily developed; while the safety of New Orleans and of oar »hole southwestern frontier against hostile aggression,ns well as the interests of the i\ hole Union, would he promoted bv it. In the earlier stages of our national existence, the opin ion prevailed with some, that our system of confederated Htutes could not operate successfully oxer an extended territory, ou t serious objections have, at different times, been made tti the enlargement of out boundaries. These objections were earnestly urged when we acquired Loui siana. Experience has shown that they were not well founded. The title of numerous Indian tribes to vast tracts of country Ims been extinguished. New States linve been admitted into the Union. New Territories hare h.-cn created; and our jurisdiction and laws extend over them. As our population h is expanded, the Union has been cemented and strengthened. As our boundaries have been enlarged, and our agricultural population has been spread over a largo surface, our federative system lias acquired additional strength and security. It may welt be doubted whether it would not he in greater dan ger o! overthrow,if our present population were confined to the comparatively narrow limits of the original thir teen States, tlmn it is, now that tliev are sparsely settled over a more expanded territory. It'is confidently believ ed that our system may lie safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits; and that, as it shall lie extended, the bonds of our Union, so far from being weuk- ned, will become stronger. None can tail lo see the denser to oar safety- and future j peace, if Texas remains an independent State, or becomes J an ally or dependency o( some foreign nation more poiv- I ertul Ilian herself. Is there one among onr citizens who would not prefer perpetual pence with Texas, to occa sional wars, which so olten occurhetweeo bordering inde pendent nations? Is there, one who would not prefrr free intercourse with her,to high duties oh all onr pro ducts and innitufuclurps which enter her ports or cross her frontiers? Is these one who would not prefer an on- j restricted comm .mention with her citizens,to the frontier obstructions which must occur if she remains out at the ; Union ? V\ hat ever is good or evil in the local inst-tutions I ol Texas, will remain her own, whether annexed to the United .''tales or not. Nona of the present States will he | responsible for them,any more than they are for the local institutions of eucli other. Tliev have confederated to- ! gather for certain spec iff ax," objects. Upon the same prin ciple that they would refuse to form a perpetual union ] with Texas because of Iter local institutions, our fore- I lathers would have been prevented from farming our pres ent Union. Perceiving no valid objection to the mens- I lire, und many reasons for its adoption, vitally affecting the peace, the safely, and the prosperity of both countries, j I shall, on the broad principle which fnimed the basis and produced the adoption of our constitution, and not in any ! narrow- spirit ol sectional poliev,endeavor, hy nil const!- ' tutionnl, honorable, and appropriate mentis, to consum- ! male the expressed will of the people and government of j the United States, hv the leamiexation of Texas to our | Union at the curliest practicable pei iod. j Nor will it become in a leas degree my dutv to assert and maintain, by all constitutional means, the right of the United States to that portion of our territory which lies beyond the Roekv mountains. Our title to the country . cf the Oregon is “ clear and unquestionable ;” and already ! ure onr people preparing to pei feet that title by occupy ing it with their wives and children. But eighty years ago.our population was routined on the west hy the ridge ; ol the Alleghenies. Within that p-rind—within tlie life- j time, I might sav, of some of m v In-nrers—our people, in creasing to many millions, have filled the eastern vullcv I ofthe Mississippi; adventurously ascended the Missouri to its head springs; and nreHlieady enga ing the blessings of st which tlie rivers flow to the peaceful triumphs of the indostr_ To us hrlnngs the dutv of protecting the w herevrr they may be upon our soil. The jurisdiction of HOPE. “ Cultivate lhe faculty of hope. It is bettor tlmn money—for the more you use It, tlie lar ger it grows.” Very true—there is nothing like hopelful- ness—hope on, hope ever. To be sure, most of us find that when our hope is realized, it is not the thing we expected it to be. The point has been attained ; but it is often that distance lends enchantment to the view, aud we are ra ther disappointed in the results of our own suc cess. But what of that ? Is it not a provision to keep us from indolence and stagnation I—- Away, then, after another hope—start hopes in succession, for tlie exercise and health of your spirit. Always have something to look forward to; and cultivate the hoping faculty as an essential constituent of happiness. He who Ims done with hoping is a living death.— His vitality is exhausted, and grim d spair de mands him as her own. Combat such apathy with all your might. Compel yourself to take interest, even if it be only in trifles. Be, in this respect, as much like a child as you can ; and if the prospect of a new hat, or of another pa'rof slices, can tickle your fancy 1 , why should ■ ou not enjoy the emotion 1 Mismitlimpy of ten affects to despise those who feel great in terest in small things ; but let it revel, if it can, in bitterness : the wiser part is to extract ho ney from every flower, however humble and insignificant—a multitude of 1 ttlc hop*® are pleasant companion®, toswarm around our foot steps.—Ncalr's Saturday Gazette. FORTITUDE. Fortitude, gentlemen, fortitude, faint not—- lag not—keep up your courage and go on.— Give up to-day because a Hon is in your path, and the veriest bugbears on earth will scare you' to death to-morrow. Death has swept away every friend you had—not one is left to weep will you. Have fortitude. Another year will find you surrounded hs those who love you. The sett bus bunted you treasure— the fire has devoured your dwellings, Forti tude—and you will secure your pro jerty again. Your bosom companions have proved treache rous—they heap vile abuse on ycur name— to the winds of heaven they spread your faults and your foibles. Have courage, and the slanders will die away. A twelve month lienee and the grave of all of them will he dng. You are out of business—are sick and.destitute, will? none to speak an encouraging word. Have fortitude—bear up manfully, and your sorrows and pains and anxieties will disappear. Fight hard against depressed spirits ; and dull and melancholy thoughts and fo'ehodings, ** lu struggling with mis fortunes Lies ilie proof of virtue/’ says Shukspeare—m d so you will find it.— You better die titan lose your good spirits ; for while 3’ou live you will be but a dunce, and a hone for every lubber to pick at. The very bmtes will shun you, or stop to give you a bite as you pass along.—Portland Tribune. London and fails.—A Loudon piper re marks that it will perhaps starll • some of its readers “to learn that Iris Grace lhe Duke of Wei: ington has been much occupied lately in the duvelopement of an ingenious plan for the fortification of London. 11 is grace is said to be persuaded that on tlie death of Louis Phil- lippe the re is too much reason to apprehend that there will b war with the neighboring kingdom, whose belligerent tendencies have been lately expressed in no measured terms, and he wishes London to have tlie same secu rity as Paris, viz: the security against being taken a by coupe dc main.” Ichaboe, the Guano .Hand.—The following graphic description of the place from whence the African guano comes, is by a sailor:— Here I am, on the lather of all dunghills ; an enormous muss of bird’s manure, called guano, lying 30 ti.-et deep on this Island—Icb«- boe. Conceive a barren, desolate, sandv coast, hut so sandy, so desolate, so barren ! \yithout a soul, ora bush, or a stream near; where it never rains ; where the dew wets aud chills you through, and gives you tlie horrors. Conceive a bat ten rock of an Island off this coast, cov ered to tlie depth of about 30 feet, with a beast ly, smelling-bottle soit of a mass, looking like bud snuff mixed with rotten kittens ! Conceive 132 ships lying packed between this Island and t'ne aforesaid sand and surf; lancy 132 mas ters of merchantmen, with 132 crews, and 132 sejs of la borers, all fighting; conceive a gale of wind on the top of these—and you will then have ot.lv half tin idea of the rum place I have got into.” A Flat,tin;; Theatre. Among the newer phases of Yankee inge nuity, we observe one that strikes us as pecu liarly happy in conceit, and orig mil in idea. At t‘>e foot of Spring street, on the North River, a large steamboat is at present undergoing trans formation toa theatre—a floating theatre—with galleries, boxes, pit, scenes and machinery, as well tts commodious cabins for the dressing rooms of the artists. This Jlotilla drama tied is to he ready in the enrlv summer, losail up the river, and to amuse the people ofthe interior, whose residences lie upon the hanks of the Hudson, and so on tip the line of the canal , and , , perhaps to the grand lakes themselves. The nrPHliendv ciiEaet’t; in esta'ilish- 1 ■ . , • , ■ • „j Ifi-Rovornin'eni in the valleys, of | concern is to proceed with a printing press and tlie Pacific. The world beholds | compositor for ti e printing of the bills cf the world beholds j compositor tor ti e printing ot the hi «ur emigrants, i p| a y.—What shall we hear of next ? ■m adequately 1 J * iurisfliriioii of ' * • MOmWSL Yens.