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THE TELEGRAPH. IS PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING BY O. H. PRINCE, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IX VARIABLY IN AD VANCE. ADVERTISEMENTS are inserted it SI OI> per •quire fur tin first insertion, and 30 cents per square fur ••<h insertion therenfier. A retaouable deduction will be made to those who adver tise by the year, crx. b. Sales of LAN'DS. l>y Administrators. Execu tors, or Guir.iian*. are required bv law. to je held an the first Tuesday in the month, between live hours often in the forenoon, and three in the afternoon, at the Court-house, in tk# county in which the Ian 1 is situated. Notice of these • ales must be given in a public gazette SIXTY DAYS pre vious to the day of sale. Balts of NEGROES must be made at a public auction on the first Tuesday of the month, between the usual h >urs of sale, et the place of public sales in the county where the letters of testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, May have been granted, first giving SIXTY DAYS uotiee thereof, in one of the public gazettes of this State, and at the deer of the Court house, where such sales are to be held. Notice for the sale of Personal Property must be given in like manner. FORTY da ys previous to ilieday of sal., Hulic. to the Debtors and Creditors of an estate must be p.bli.heii FORTY days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Or-- i\usry for leave to sell LAND, must b. published for TOUR MONTHS. Notice for leave to sell NEGROES must be published f.r FOUR MONTHS, before any order absolute shall be ■ado thereon by the Court. Cl TATIoS, for letters of Administration, must be publish- •d thirty day*—for dismission from administration. monfA- tj ass month.t—for dismission from Guardianship, forty day*. Ri les for the foreclosure of Mortgage must be published monthly forfour month!.— for establishing lost papers.ybr Skrf nil space of three months—for compelling titles from Executors or Administrators, where a Bond has been given by the deceased, the fall space of three months. Publications will always be continued according to these, the legal requirements,unless otherwise ordered. REMITTANCES 11Y MAIL.—-A postmaster may en- 4..ota money in a letter to the publisher of a newspaper, to pay the subscription of a third person, end frank the letter if written by himself.”—Amos Kendall, p. At. O, From the So, Cur. Temperance Advocate. Dr. PorcliciN Itrporf on illaiiurc$. Black Oak Agricultural Society, > November 19, 1844. $ Resolved. That the Report of the ( momittccon Manures, •his day read, be communicated to the Slate Agricultural Soaietv, to l*e read before that hodv.—From the Minutes. 11. \V. liAVENEL, Bec'ry. REPORT. The Committee on Manures, in pursuance of the Reso lution ayder which they are required, at the fall meeting ©f tlie Society, to report, concerning "the best and most economical mode of collecting and preparing manures ; the time aud manner of their application ; the adaptation of cer tain manures to certain crops, with a detailed an ouni of all experiments on the subject, which have been carefully conducted and the results accurately noted ;” beg leave to observe, that the wfte range of duty committed to them re quires more time than lias elapsed since their appointment, sensible, however, of the vast importance of the subject, they have entered seriously & faithfully into the discharge of their duty, and offer the following as a Report only in parti It is due, however, to the Society, to premise that the direction which has been given to our labors, is one which can hardly be said to be comprehended in the resolution under which this report is presented. Believing, however, that the points to which we are desirous of drawing the at tention of the Society, are of vital importance to our inte rests, we offer no apology for our apparent deviation from the letter of the chart laid down for our governance. It is^uta very few years since, within the limits of this fleciat*, the benefits ofmanure# were mooted at every so. rial meeting ; and even now, though no one is so outward ly heretical as to question their ability, there are vet many who h ave derived so little practical benefit from their ap plication, that their faith in their efficacy, is rather a con fidence in the testimony of others, than the result of their own observation and experience. Believing firmly as we do, that on the judicious use of manures, depends the prosperity not only of our Society, but of our State, we have devoted onr labors to an investi gation of the cauios of the failures of manures, and have endeavored, with the aid of ourpresent stale of knowledge, •o point ouwtic remedies. The great object of all farmers, both practical and theo retical. has been to accumulate and bestow upon the land a quantity of animal and vegetable matter, in the state of progressive decomposition. This manure, called compost, has been foi many veara the only sort applied to cotton hus bandry in the inland districts. Its value depends upon its origin ; that from the stable being always much more high ]/esteemed than that from the cow-pen. These were the vaanureti universally applied to all soils, whatever their condition. Limited, however, ai was the range of our manuring resources, our knowledge of ibo soil as cultiva ted, was, and even now is, still more contracted. No idea whatever was entertained of their chemical composition.— A brief inquiry into their physical cond.tion was all the in vestigation bestowed upon them. A new light hat recently dawned ape r us; and it becomes tis peculiarly as cultivators of products unknown to other portion* of Caucasian civilization, to embrace and improve it to the highest possible degree. This light is the thorough application of chemistry to agriculture. The cultivators of other products have for their guides the experience of ages, and o* the whole extent of civilization. We stand, as ag riculturists. isolated from the inass of mankind 5 their prac tice is to us 3 mystery, their experience to us useless.— Let us hail. then, as the opening of a new era in our* agri- culture, the scientific discoveries which enable us to ap ply t©praciical fainting the mysteries of the laboratory. The doctrine of the necessity of furnishing to p’ants, ei ther as native constituents of the soil on which they are re quired to grow, or in form <»f in 1 on e. <til 1 .<• «■ first distinctly announced by Liebig, the publication of whose book forms an interesting epoch in the history of ag riculture. But whilst announcing the important fact, he seems to have regarded it father ns an axiom, incontrovert ible. than as a new truth whose importance was to have baan enforced upon the attention of agriculturis s. Hence moat readers of his work are conscious of no operation of husbandry so important na the collection and supply of ni trogen to plants. Indeed the philosopher seetns to snuff* ammonia in every b-eeze. All .lie picking impressions which others derive from the sight of a herd of cattle go ing to market, are lost to his imagination. He sees in them nothing but a mass of nitrogen unfairly abstracted froexits soil; and when man himself has finished his work ®*d given up the ghost, his only concern is that the nit we have devoted this Report exclusively to a considera tion of manures suitable for its production. 1m the analy sis of this product, including the wool aud the seed, we find the following inorganic constituents: Carbonate ofFuiash, with traces of ^oda. Phosphate of Lime, with traces of Magnesia. Carbonate of Lime. Carbonate of Magnesia. Sil«ca. Alumina. Sulphate of Potash. Chloride r*f Potassium. Chloride of Magnesium. Sulphate of Lime. Phosphate of Potash. Oxide of Iron nnd Manganese. Or. by reducing these compounds to simple forms, we find, in the indisiruciible portion of cotton, potash, lime, inagnesis, silica, alumina, sulphur, phosphorus, chlorine, j Iron, and manganese This is the general result of the a- nalysis. made for this Society by Professor Shepard. As the some general result was obtained by Dr. Ure'a analy sis, we have every reason to believe that the before nam ed ingredients are all necessary to the perfect development of cotton. Let us now examine tiie material or soil upon which, and the tools or manures with which, we operate. The analysis of our soils is yet to be made. The Agri cultural Society of Sr. John’s Colleton, enjoys the honor of having taken the lead of her sister Societies in this enter- prize. She has furnished an analysis of six specimens of soils taken from a cotton plantation on Edisto Island, of which the following u the general result: Silica, alumina, peroxide of iron, carbonate of lime, nnd phosphate ofltme. It would thus appear that the soil of Edisto Tsland is de ficient in four of the nine inorganic constituents of cotton, vizj: potash, magnesia, sulphur an<l chlorine. It is to be observed, however, respecting this analysis, that it was made before the publication of Liebig's work on Agricultural Chemistry, ana before the important doctrine laid down in this report, was even partially recognized. It was made 100, at a lime when the attention of our planters was just beginning to be directed towards the use of lime; nnd the respectable chemist, by whom the analysis was made aimed rather to establish the amount of lime exist ing in the soil, than to demonstrate rigorously nil the ma terial, or, ns they were then considered, the immaterial parts of which it is composed.’ Among the soils sent for analysis was h specimen of marsh mud, that agent which has so signally contributed to reno vate the soils of the islands on our const. Its component parts appear to be silica, hornblende, feldspar, alumina, iron, lime, and phosphorus. The hornblende nnd feldspar of this mud furnish potash, lime, sods magnesia, manga nese, and fiourine; so that with the aid of this manure, the soil is furnished with every constituent of cotton except chlorine and sulphur. It is difficult, however, to conceive how either of these elements can be abseDt from n mud which is twice daily flawed with sea water. It is rather to he supposed that they are not enumerated, as being too ob vious to require a special notice. Having now ascertained, as far as chemical operations have gone, the general composition of our cotton, and the soils upon which we raise it, let us now inquire what are the ingredients wheiewith we propose to amend our soils, so as to increase their productiveness. The cow-pen nnd stable have hitherto funished oil our manures. The droppings of our cattle and homes mixed up with the leaves of trees form our composts. Of these, the product of the stable is generally found to be benefi cial, while that of the cow pen is often so little value as to discourage the planter in his efforts to obtain it. One of the most successful planters in this Society has declared, that for many years past, he has ceased to per ceive any improvement 4in his crops from the use of cow pen manure. The stalks have indeed increased too large size, but they cither produce little fruit, or fail to mature a good crop. It it obvious from Ibis result, that there can be no want of nitrogenized matter in the manure, or it would not promote rank vegetation. Tnc defect most lie in its inor ganic constituents, and we may, by comparing the analy sis of cotton nnd of our manures, find wherein the deficien cy exists. Let it'be remembered, however, that we are hampered in our reasonings by the want of full information which it is the. province of the chemist alone to give. Dr. Ure gives the following as the result of his analysis of cow dung: lime, phosphate of lime, magnesia, iron, alumina, silica, muriate, nnd sulphate of potash—in other words, all the inorganic consti’.uents of cotton. It is to be remarked, that though all the ingredients are there, yet some exist in almost mfitiiienessimal qualities. Thus, all the chlorine, sulphur, and potash, in 3-1 lbs. of dried cow I dung, amount altogether n about 19 ounces, while the a- mount of potash alone in a thousand pounds of cotton in the seed, is equivalent to-five pounds. Now a good crop ot cotton in the limits of this Society, not unfrequently yialds a thousand pounds of cotton in the seed, or five pounds of potash, on two acres ol land. Let ns now suppose a liberal supply of compost bestowed upon two acres. If we say a hundred loads o^manure to the two acres, we will far ex ceed the average amount of manuring. Another liberalal- lowance would be the supposition of the presence of the equivalent »f three bushels of thoroughly dried cow dong in each load of compost, and the measure of our liberality will be filled to overflowing, if we suppose each bushel to weigh fif^ pounds. Now. the 15,000 lbs. of cow dung, which is thus applied to the two acres, contain but five lbs. of sulphur, chlorine, and potash together, whereas the cot ton to be obtained from the two acres, would require^ five pounds of potash alone. It is obvious, tht refore. that if the soil is wanting in these ingredients, the crop of cotton to be obtained by this manuring must fall far abort of an average good one, and this comes perceptibly so. when i: is recol lected that the whol“ amount of manure is not consumed in a season, but that its effects are continued for several years.* It is but just to observe that the urine of the cow, yields by aualysis a larger propoitional quantity of these necessa ry ingredients in which the dung is deficient. Bnt this ad vantage is hardly compensated when we reflect that in a thousand parts of this excrement all the saline ingredients together do not constitute o fiftieth portion. Chemistry has revealed the composition of the excre menisof the cow, a manure whicti we find decidedly infe rior in value to that of the horse. We have not, however, the same accurate analysis of these last to enable us to com- parethem rigorously. We must use the light we have so far as it goes, nnd trust to logical deductions for some of the conclusions to which we snail arrive. And in the first place, chemists differ very materially in the partial analysis which they have made of horse dung.— Macaire and Marcet found 97 per cent, of inorganic matter or salts, in that analyzed by them. Liebig admits that he has never found over 10 per cent., and Dr. Jackson, of Bos ton, somewhat under8 per cent These discrepencies stag ger our faith in the partial results which have been produ ced. Suppose, however, the lowest to be the most accu rate, and we have nearly four times the am aunt of ino gan- ic matter in the excrements of a horse as in those of a cow. panacea for aU agricultural evils, and that disappointment was the natural consequences ofs«cb unreasonable prac tices and hopes. And yet, with all the odium attached to its memory, we have heard of some singularly fa vorable results attending its use. Among others, we have heard t u at the late Thomas Palmer, Esq- from his plan tation in St. Stephens, the average production of which was CO lbs. of cotton per acre, obtained one year, with the aid ol gypsum, an average of 120 lbs. If subsequent experi ments resulted in failures, litis may be accounted for ia a variety of wa\s; the gypsutn may (as lime will do) have exhausted the soil; this is no mystery in countries where lime is used; the reasons may have been unpropitious.— And ii may be true, that in the absence of any marked ben eficial result, our planters may have been diacouraged, and seized gladly any pretext for saving their money and avoiding a labor to which they were unaccustomed. Of all men in the world, agriculturists are the most unwilling t© follow improvements in their profession, and the readi est to discover the inability of those suggested. Our plan ters long since knew that liuie was used in their vt<ry neigh borhood with favorable resulta. but it required the energy and fire of #3 Ruffin to make the adoption of its use general. In addition to the eypsum, we would recommend that all the spare cotton seed should be cast upon the compost heap. It is needless to dwell before this Society, upon the ines timable value of this manure. We would only suggest that the cow-pen should be materially improved, while the cotton seed would be permitted to be spread profitably, though in small quantities, over a much greater surface than they could be applied in the usual way. Lastly, vit would perfect the compost by the addition of ashes. There is no manure, cotton seed perhaps excepted, which, applied singly to land, produces such striking re sults. The ashes of the oak, though most accessible tout, contain all the inorganic constituents of cotton, and are par ticularly rich in lime, potash, sulphuric acid, chlorine, and phosphoric acid, while they contain so much of all its other constituents as to preclude the idea of deficiency in any. It may be objected to the addition of ashes to the com post heao. that the mixture will hasten the evolution of ammonia, and thus rob the manure of its nitrogen. If,how- ever, gypsum be applied previt uslj, or in combination with the ashes, this objection will in a great measure be removed, since the ammonia kas an affinity with the sul phuric acid of the gypsum, with which it forms a solid bo dy, the sulphate 01 ammonia. But even were this not the case, observation has taught that it ia almost impossible to expel all the nitrogen; that which remains will unite with the potash ; in the great laboratory of nature, fresh supplies will be elicited from the atmosphere, and the result will be the nitrate of potash, or common saltpetre of commence, an agricultural agent at least as valuable as any prepara tion of ammonia can be. We close our report with the relation of a few facts, com ing under our observation, corroboratory of the views we have offered. On the 22d of August last, the Committee on Manures visited Fair Spring, the plantation of Mr. Robert Afazyck, to witness the result of his experiments with green sand. This marl, of which this is the only locality hitherto disco vered in the State, is found in a ravine, on*the eastern side of Begin Swatnp. It is of a lively green color, so soft as to be easily turned out with the spade, is full of fossils, indi- catingthe presence of lime in its various inodes of exist ence. and is said to be rich in potash. It is to be regretted that Mr. Mazyck did not accurately observe the quantity applied to his land ; and it is rather too early in the season for us to be furnished with the results of his experiment At that period of the summer, however, a practical eye can judge with tolerable accuracy what the result wjllbe.— It required but a glance to convince us, that the cotton ma nured with green sand was three-fold the best portion of his crop not so manured. We can give no better idea of its appearance than by comparing it to a pyramid of luxuri- ant vegetation, rising so abruptly from outToflhe rest of the cotton, as to be at a glance obvious to the most careless spectator; and the quantity and maturity of the fruit cor responded with the luxuriance of the plant. Less striking in appearance on that same day was a field atSomerton, manured with twenty leads of cow-pen com post, and twenty bushels of ashes per acre. But even this small quantity of ashes caused such a difference in the growth and maturity of the cotton as to be easily distinguish ed from that which had none. A pari of the result of the experiment at Somerton is known, and corroborates our opinion that ashes should b« mingled with the compost. At the second picking of cotton, before the middle of Septem ber, four hundred pounds per acre of cotton in the seed were harvested from that portion which had ashes. It is but just, however, to observe, that in this case the ashes formed no portion of the compost; they were spread upon the list; the compost placed under. One of the Committee has recently aeen a crop of cotton in Sl Andrew’s .Parish, which he thinks would be esti mated at ton low a late at a thousand pounds of seed cwtton per acre. This result was effected by using the fine parti cles of compost, at the bottom of the manure heap, la this case the active particles of the compost heap were concen trated at the bottom; for they always have a tendency CO descend, being carried down, partly in a state of solution, partly by the mechanical actions of rains. The result of these three instances are with us conclusive, that tht ae tion of manures is directly in proportion to the amount and quality of their inorganic constituents, and that to the collection of these, the planter should mainly di rect his attention. Offering the accompanying Resolutions, as necessary to carry into operation the principles of this Report, we shall no longer trespass upon the patience of the Society. In behalf of the Committee. FRED- A. PORCHER. RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMMITTEE O.H MANURES. 1. That it be recommend ad jto the Society to annrm<riate adequate funds to the accomplishment of at horough analy sis, of all the products of our soils, of our soils themselves and of our manures. 2. That we earnestly recommend to 1 our sister Societies throughout the State, to contribute to a similar analysis of their soils and productions. 3. That the Representstivea to the Legislature from these parishes, be respectfully requested to urge upon their re spective houses the necessity and expediency of perfecting the A gricultura! Survey of the Slate, so happily begun. It is to be remarked, also, that the pbospbete of magneah exists in a notable quantity in the dung of a horse, and is also a conspicuous constituent of cotton. The partial report of Dr. Jackson, however, gives no potash nor sulphur whatever. This considerati »n alone induces us to consid er the analysis incomplete, and compels us in the absence of a rigorou-i analysis, to resort to the indications affurded * | * ' * * * “ nccrrauuiIUUCU to toe fan of hi* composition is laid down too low to be made a- vailaV.e to vegetation. Out let sa do justice to Liebig. He is tint one-sided in his views. He dwells, it is true, particularly upon one sub- but hi« love of a theory does n»»t lead hint to strain every point to sustain his views. Another class of philoso phers have ridden a hobby which they call g m ine, to which •hey attribute s)J the virtues of manures. It would be best we think, before going into the modus operandi •>( man ures, to inquire first into the whole condition of the pro ducts of the soil—let us first know what they are. and we •hall be unfortunate indeed, if we do not find out what is good for them. It is one ol the blessings wherewith our lot is tempered, (hat all genuine work, all honest labor, is productive. So we have been benefit ted by every class of philosophers who ha ve applied their industry to the consideration of ag riculture. We ire still hampered ia our researches after truth, by ths obtrusion of their fanciful theories; but a mass of light has been shed on the subject, from which we are Confident of deriving vast benefit. All plants, we may say all vegetable products, are com posed cfcarbon, hydiogen and oxygen ; in addition to these •oxne have nitrogen. Of these constituents, the soil is cemposed chiefly of carbonaceous matter; the atmosphere we brasthe, consiau of oxvgen and nitrogen in a state of Wehanica! combination ; and water is the chemical union of hydrogen with Oxygen. Thus it is obvious, the sources of these organic constituents are inexhaustible. But there is another portion of vegetables which has hitherto been overlooked. It is the incombustib'e or Inorganic structure; that which after combustion remains in the form of ashes, •nd to which the general and unsatisfactory name of salts is applied. Now. in onr system of making manures, we have regard chiefly the collection ol organic matter, nnd w# are surprised and disappointed when the application of tbit matter fails to produce the required effect. We shall try to shoot that the cause of this tailuie is to lie attributed •« our neglect in provt ding for the t norganic constitu ents of the nlants ue cultivate. Il is a rule which cannot now be diftpuird. th»t where- fttr tht mnulytitofa vegetable product t/irli*, a*a con- I Uant quality, an i inrgnnir contlUuent.hoiccver small, such inorganic body ix absolutely necessary to the 1 ksaltkful condition of the plant ; and it will follow, as a j ©ecessarv consequence of this rule. tha 1 . wherever tihe soil [ on which it is attempted to cultivate a plant, is desti tute of any one of its inorganic conniitucntn, it tail U J vain to attempt to prou the plant upon it. If the mate- | rial exist in too small a quantity in the soil, the cr»q> will bo correspondingly short and sickly. Regarding this rule ns nu axiom in enlightened agricul ture, we ahall draw n few practical results thatefroni, in relation to our own pursuits. The first step necessary toward?, productive agriculture, end one which falls within the province of our agricultur al Societies, it to lave vigorous and sccurote analysis made, not only of the crops we cultivate, but of the soils en which we raise them, and of the manures which we em ploy in tbe*r cultivation. Our own Society has the honor of having made one of tht firat moves in tbit en’erprize, and has furnished an an- elyait ef her principal products As cotton is our staple, , test ol analyses, are better treated in every respect than those from which we derive our manure. It is a common sense principle, and a rule in practical agriculture is based upon it in Europe, that the excrement of an animal ahall bear n fair proportion to the food he eats. Titus in the neighborhood of Hildeahrine. in Germany, the farmers pay a higher price^ for the excrements of Protestants than for those of Catholics, as those of the latter are impoverished by the numerous faats enjoined by the Church of Rome — The same must be true likewise of the lower animals. In Europe, where cable constitute an important item in a far mer s wealth, they are fed with the most nutritious food which they are capable of digesting, and their excrements must partake of the nature of their food. The clover and turnip* which the happy cattle of thatcountry consume, are rich in the most inorganic constituents, and hold in large quantities potash, magnesia, sulpher, and phosphorus, and yet. with all this advantage in point of food, their excie- rnents are inferior in value to those of the horse. Fargrc-a- ter then must be the difference here, where the cow is left to her own ingenuity todiaw her nourishment from the soil. The grasses abounding in phosphates are not faund with us, and it i* more than probable that the small qcanii- t phosphates they do contain, are all required to aid in the formation and support of the bones of the animal, C fri* n *V a ver y ,n * nule portion to pass out in the excretions The horse on ti e contrary is as well fed here as in any part ot Europe, perhaps (for we have not yet learned the economy of farming) he is better fed. We have therefore a right to expect to find in his excretions the constituents of maize, viz: potash, lime, phosphorus, magnesia, and sulphur, and the quantity of sulphur will be sensibly in- create.I when he ** fed on peas. Moreover, his urine yields nearly five percent, of saline ingredients, while that of a cow falls short of two. thu h the Note.—A few observations are yet necessary to perfect the report, which has grown under our bands, to an unex pected length. It will be observed, that we have taken no notice whatever of the amount of inorganic matter existing in the litter with which our compost is made. As this is an equal quantity in both sorts of compost, il cannot, as a gen eral rule, materially effect the relative value of either.— With respect to what has been said in the earlier pact of the report respecting the theories of the chemists, we cheer fully acknowledge our unfitness to sit in judgment upon their merits. We do know, however, when they give ua satisfactory replies to our queries, and we are painfully conscious when they fail to answer us; and the worst of It too is. that they undertake to speak a language intelligible to eve*y farmer. Now in our humble jidgment, when • fat mar consults a book purely scientific, for information re lative to his profession, he expects to find the language of science, and is generally prepared to meet it. Now, what can be more unsatisfactory than the following. Weinqtdj^ you the result of my analysis of cowdung in such Urmt as the farmer may comprehend ; water 83 60 ; hay H ; biliary matter (bile resin, fat and green resin of hay) 1,275; eeine combined with potash, (vegetable extract,) 0,95; al bumen. 0,175.” If the farmer may comprehend this, may he not equally comprehend the results of a destructive anal ysis ? Is it not likely that the farmer would better apprect- ate the value of silica, alumina, liine, magnesia, Alc.. than of this mysterious geine which it thus forced upon his at tention? Particularly when he is told that all these sre constituent portions of the crop he cultivates. Let the chemist use the language of his profession, and give the re sult of his labors, and the farmer will thank him. deni to early youth—incident to the ** barrel age,” and fatal to old men. Like the measles and the whooping cough, it seldom attacks mote than once, and the older the victim the more dangerous. It ruing the health of the bo dy and affects the mind. But the cure—what is the cure? And here all differ. Some seek in travel a remedy—others take to Byron and diink, and thereby prolong their misery.— There is but one cure. Let the patient eat— eat with all his might, and viands and disease will disappear together. ’Twas at a party we were first attacked.— We came in late, with a goodly quantity of bad chnmpaigne in our weak head, just in the situation to be easily assailed by the disorder, and we met it near the entrance. Mephisto- pholes, we are told, after leaving the witches’ den with Faust, remarks that his companion is juat in the situation to think the first woman he' met an angel, From this we gather th >t the doctor was drunk. We were tipsy on that memorable n : ght, and through a sort of cloud saw our angel seated at the piano. We took a lean upon the mantel, and a long stare at the divinity before us, for once forgetting our hands and feet. We saw a multitude of siiken ring lets falling over a marble brow, and shoulders of snowy whiteness. We say eyes—full, glo rious eves, that welled forth untold and untena ble feelings. We saw a figure beaut'fjlly rounded, light as a fairy. And then, oh ! ye gods, those hands, small, plump, delicately moulded, that seemed like gemmed insects, or rather beautiful birds, to hover and flutter over the ivory keys, charming music from the instru ment they scarcely seemed to touch. Such execution was seldom heard on a piano—‘twas nothing to the execution done on our heart. Oh! Widow Green—Widow Green, 3’ou were near the death of us, you were indeed.— You snapped nearly asunder the chords that bound us to the ideal— "The beautiful is vanished and returns not.” As dark shadows steal over the meadow when the sun departs, so gloom has settled on our soul since thy sunny countenance fled from us forever. Oh ! Widow Green, oh Hold ! bring us a potatoc—we feel a relapse. We were introduced, nnd all the evening we hovered round, (whew ! think of a youth with such feet -* hovering”—haunt is the word) lis tening to sweet nothings, lisped out. In such a frank, simple manner, that the bolt her beauty had sent smashing through our poor heart was well rivetted. We saw her hooded and cloak ed, nnd helped into her carriage, and then reel ed home drunk—with love and beauty. The following morning, dressed with unusu al care, we called upon onr charmer. Visit followed fast upon the heels of visit, until we became a sort of fixture at the widow’s man sion. We were encouraged in the most flat- tering manner. Observant reader, have you ever studied a widow, while inveigling an inno cent youth into her toils ? If you have, you’ve some idea of the labor a youth—a verdant youth—a youth of the ** barrel age,” may per form. To act the groom on horseback, to make hideous with serenades, to spend a small fortune in bouquets and buggies, to dance at tendance at the theatres, b-dls, parties, lectures, exhibitions, «fcc.—to do all this is <o do but a small part of what is exacted. We worked like a slave and expended like a nabob.— Week after week flew by in this service. We became thin and pale, and subject to sudden fits of poetry. In looking over our common place book, we find, among other things of the like ilk, the following. It is given to the read er, not for any supposed merit, (heaven save the mark !) but as an instance of what a matier-of- f«o' bii.-inoeo man may ho guilty of at the ‘‘bar. rel age,” when deeply in love : Here, in the right of an experienced old bachelor, permit us to give one word of advice to lovers in general. Never spend a cent in love making. If the girl is worth having, you cannot purchase her with bouqueisand buggies, serenades and sonnets. It adds to the agonv From the IVatkington CanttUxUton. Scenes at Washington, The present is a moment full of instruction and anxiety. The President, wbo has k cen sought in his retirement, and elevated to the first office in the gift of the people, isjust enter. of ilia rejected one to know, that he has lost , ' n S u P on *l |e discharge of those muhifaricus, and often unwelcome duties which that office devolves. The first net which has art official form, and which has a most intimate and impor tant bearing upon all others, is the selection of those persons who are to compose his Cabinet, The position assumed by us in reference t 0 that subject lias uniformly been, that the Pre. sident should be left perfectly free to choott those members of his official family without anj extraneous influence whatever. And to th# President of their choice, with a Cabinet to chosen, the people would rally with the same j zeal and enthusiasm which had enabled them to achieve a great party victoiy. With a single exception, that Cabinet consists of men long trusted and confided in by the people—veter ans in the public service, and in tlje political councils of the country ; and the exception *1- luded to possessing talents and literary merit* of|the very highest order. Wi'hsuch a Cabi net, hacked by the confidence a id kind' wishe* of the country, the President enters upon the duties assigned him. This he does, neither with a blind confidence nor a timid distruit, but with that calm self-possession which springs from a proper appreciation of his own powers, and a firm determination to do his duty without fear, favor, or affection. The first thing in order, seems to be the ne cessary duty of giving some reply to the soli citations of that vast multitude who have come herefrom all parts of the country, to partici- . pate in the patronage which the President has to bestow. This assemblage is made up of two distinct parties—one set is already in office, and desires to remain in. and the other, of course, desires to get in. To dispense theio Government favors, where so many are apply ing, according to principles of justice, and m that manner which may best contribute to the advancement of the public serv ice, is a most difficult, and sometimes embarrassing task, and calls for great firmness and judgment. The President is fully equal to the exigency, and . will proceed to the discharge of these delicate and troublesome duties with deliberations and firmness. We are assured, that no man will further chances of success, by urging his re quests with pertinacity and annoying frequen cy. When they have presented their claims, and whatever rec r mmendations they may have to sustain them, and the throng that now press es upon him shall have returned to their homes, he will deliberately consider the character of not: only his heart, hut his dimes. He may do as un old friend of ours once did, make out a hill—stop, we have it somewhere about—all! here it is, Lizza Catcriat, To Davy Dumps, Dr. To 16 serenades, one dollar per serenade, SIC 00 10 buggy rides, $1 50 each. 15 00 52 bouquets, sny one dollar per bouquet, 52 00 02 day’s lime lost, three dollars per day, 276 00 $359 00 To this Davy added a large sum in the way of damages fur friends lost and a doctor’s bill. But this, however amusing, will not heal a light pocket any more than it can cure a hea vy heart. In pursuit of the widow we thinned and pa led rapidly. Love-making, ns Montaznma Dawkins correctly remarks, is ‘ putty fun,” but it can’t Ian forever, and in our case we determined to end it or our existence by the un tried experiment of “popping the question,” which was more easily determined upon than accomplished. Opportunity after opportunity escaped without accomplishing the object.— Either courage oozed out at the proper mo ntent. or the widow, with the tact of a skilful hand, led us from the poin\ But come it must; and we fixed a time, and inwardly swore the matter should be settled then or ne ver. Returning in the evening from a fashionable church, the choir of which the widow Ire- quentnd, we determined should be the occa sion of our undei taking. We prepared a lit tle speech. We settled ourself into an untri ed pair of inexpressibles, and passed nearly an hour in compressing our understanding into new boots. FinaBy, with a pain at our heart and a pain, at our toes, we walked the widow to church. She passed up the gallery, and we seated ourself in a pew half way down the prin- cipal aisle. The Rev. Mr. Lcatherlungs was a popular divine, and the house was crowded to excess, and warm to suffocation. The heat began soon to affect our pedal extremities.— Our boots were too small in ihe first instance ; and before the Reverend gentleman, was half through, we were suffer ng the agonies of the damned. Talk of thumb-screwg and the rack ! they are nothing to swelling feet in tight boots ! They grew worse every minute. We had fe vers and numbness—sharp pains, dull pains, running pains, and throbbing pains. Our face was Hushed——our body bent with agony es- the incumbent, as well as the applicant for of. From the Mississippi Democrat. A Reminiscence of an 014 Bachelor* 11 Yet what Boots it now to telL*'— Brito*. " Venjrou feel* riveiah. Samire), especially for a rid- der. don’t hang yourself, that's wulgar. but go into a closet and take picen, andyou‘11 feel glad of it afterward*/’ FiCKWICK, food by investigating the constitution of the /11ich the two animals eat. dispense in a great mess* ure with any particular analysis of their excrements, and 5afelv come to the following conclusion; Tli.it the inorgan- 1C c.inMjtaent. of ibe excrements ofa horse, ure more tlinn double in quantity to those of the cow, and that while those of the latter consist chiefly of silicates, those of the former abound in ih*» phosphates oflimennd magnesia, twoof the in >?! important constituents of cotton. We would suggest therefore the propriety nf improving the value of our cow pen composts, by the admixture of certain matters of known utility, and either cheap, if pur chased with money, or easily accssible to every cotton planter. And in the first place, we would recommend the addi tion of a bushel of gypsum for every acre which it ia in tended to rover with the compost. 1 he advantage of this mixture is a double one. In the first place, we add to the manure both lima and sulphuric ' acid, substances winch perforin important functions, not only in the growth of cotton, but of every crop we cultivate; nnd, la the second place, we prevent the evaporation of the ammnniacnl gnases which have always a tendency to escape during rite progress of decomposition. A strong prejudice prevails in many parts ofSoulb Caro lina aeain.t the use of gypsuin. and this prejudice ia atre.rth.ned by the consideration that it wa» imported largely for the sake of its suppose i fertilizint; properties, »n,I failed. Hut it should be remembered that, at that time, the use of any minure was a blind practice, equivalent to quackery : that from the use of gvpsam unaided by other agents all virtues were eapected ; that it was used as a ” It were a real increase of human happi ness,” observes Carlyle, “ could all young men from (he age of nineteen be covered under barrels or otherwise rendered invisible, and there left to follow their lawful studies and cal lings, till they emerged sadder and wiser at tne | age of twenty-five; such gawks are they, and I yet wiili such a vulturous hunger for sell-indul- gence; so obstinate, obstroperous, vainglori* ous ; in all sense- so fro ward, and so forward.” At the most wretched period of this most wretched age, we left our Alma Mater fur a dive into society before settling down in a pro fession. Without settled principles or opin ions, with no correct idea of the world, but with a firm belief that a dissipated life was u Para dise regained, in which wine and women, balls and buggies, cards and cigars, floated confused- ly in our fascinated imagination, with no con trol over our hands and feet, we were turned loose upon the community at large. Ever me morable times! Bright, yet ruinous! The da 3 , at least so much of it as we permitted to I watering a cold in the chest or that the “winds see our valuable person out of bed, was passed that sigh around the bower” are playin<* the m loafing in cofree houses or ntne-pin alleys, very duce with your hollow too*li^ to know r dnvng fast trotting horses ; while the eve- that the guitar will „ive B t j£°Z The stars are bright in heaven’s deep* Soft runs the drowsy stream, Tht birds are in thy bower asleep, And flowers nodding dream ; The winds scarce bear the melody. And all the rent are left, Save one, who sleepless sings to thee, By thee of sleep bereft. 4 When sunlight leaves the fading west, And stars are in the tkies, I turn me from my deep unrest To muse upon thine eyes ; Of if. perchance, sweet sleep appear To bid my heart rejiice, Thy fairy form I see, I heir The music of thy voice* Then wake—though o’er thy gentle head In dreams wild fancies play, Oh ! wake—though hopes are rtund thee shed That waking fades away ; Oh! wake thee, dearest, wake awhile, Tny gentle voice we need, Without thy voice, without thy smile. The night is night indeed. This was sung by a music man of rather ** rt, plejion (k/a h*»J puir! him q ffollar, for we have no music in our soul) under the widow’s window at J past 11 P. M. precisely. For an audience we had two men, three boys, and.* watchman, all “just dropped by,” and having an ear for sweet sounds, remained to listen, kindly throwing in a few remarks, such as “ wake ’em up, Durby,” “go it strong,” &c. f and toshow their, musical abilities, whist led, or sung offhand accompaniments, enliven ed with occasional imitations of the French horn. In the middle of the third line of the second verse our musician suddenly sneezed— whereupon the applause became tumultuous.— We were favored with a bouquet by the widow, but in dropping it she dropped her night cap. It came sailing down like a snow-wreath from heaven, and now hangs, even unto this day, be side our looking-giass, a warning to gods and men. What a very absurd business, by the by, is this serenading. For the lady, il may be well enough to be wakened from a deep sleep, and then soothed to slumber again by strains that steal out on the nlght air. She retires about ten P. M. after doing up her lovely locks in brown paper, pulls over them a warm night cap, enrolls herself in a gown tha; it did not take Mrs, Tippet a week to fit and fashion, or her immaculate washer woman to whiten— thus encased she rolls in snugly, with nothing visible but the (ip end of her lovely nose.— When the music awakens her, she opens one ear, and long before the last quaver dies away, is lost in dreams again. The dav following, the serenaded boasts—“Oh! I had such a nice serenade last night—two flutes, fiddle, guitar, and all, and Mr. did sing so—Oh, my !” Well enough, well enough. But fi>r full grown men, after dvradling about on chairs and sofas until midnight to travel round attached to guit ars and fiddles, is too absurd. To feel when ‘twilight dews are falling fast,” that they are cape there was none. The architects of the church understood human nature, and placed the pulpit near the entrance, so that after the congregation was once seated, none could es cape until the sermon had been heard and paid for. Nay had the Reverend gei tlemun fallen down in an apoplectic fit, and thereby left tlie way clear, doubtful had it become whether we could have walked. Relief must be had ! nnd desperately we cut our straps, fixed our left foot under the stool used to km-el a-pon, & gave a jerk We upset the stool, nnd sent it with considerable rumpus a dozen feet on the floor. We persevered, however, pulled off one boot, and left the other partly on. Deli cious, oh delicious beyond expression-, was the relief afforded. While the congregation is-dis persing, wp can easily stoop down nnd pull on our boot. Delusive hope! The last hymn was at last sung-—the benediction given—the congregation began to disperse. We stooped to try the hoots—we pulled, we str ined, we kicked, we jerked—bootless—’twas all in vain. Not an inch would ojtfoot advance. Horrible fact! Ottr little widow tripped down the aisle, and stood talking to the sexton, evidently wait ing for us, near the door. The refractory boots would not go on. Horrible fact! We have danced a war dance with the Pot- tawattomies; we have gazed upon the pyra mids while resting under the shadow of a cam- el; we have seen th*r vast prairies of the Wes', and thousands of huffal *es herding together; we once saw a hog go over Niagara Fall; we have taken tea with Ann Royal, we have been ir. many situations that called up emotions from the bottom of the soul—but never, no, neve r in one that hooked up the same sense of an aw ful reality as the fix that night. There stood the widow waiting impatiently for us. We cou'd’nt hide in the pews and be locked tip in the church—no trap opened in ttie tloor through which we could disappear in a flash of blue light. Desperate at last, we seized our boot and started out. With our left foot unnaturally elevated some three inches, (we measure six feet two,) with the big toe of our right foot shamefully sticking out ofa dir ty sock, we travelled at u quick pace with a very cranky motion. The widow saw us ap proach with a look of utter astonishment.— With face glowing like a furnace, we slowly banged to the door, paused on the threshhold but for a moment to hear some merry peals of laughter, and then fh-w home—liavingour speed considerably quickened at one corner by a little urchin, screaming out—“G'o it boots.” We have had, since the event here record ed, many ups and downs of various character. We have hid our head much settled by the weight of Blackstone, Chitt v, Arc., hut to this day we feel grievously afflicted at the most distant allusion to our misfortune. Even while flee, and decide according to justice and the fitnessmf things. In this way individual n>er. it will be rewarded, the public service advan ced, and no just cause of offence given to any, because a just impartiality will be observed towards all. licep Out of Debt. Let every young man and youth read and remember the following : “ Of what a hide~ ous progeny of ill is debt the father! What lies, what meanness, what invasions of self-re spect, what double dealing! How in due seav son it vrrl} carve - the frank, open-face into wrine kies—how like a knife ’twill stab the honest! heart. And then its transformation ! How it has been known to change a goodly face into - a mask of bras* : the man into a callous trick ster! A freedom 1 from debt, and what nour ishing sweetness may he found in water; what toothsomeness In a dry crust; what am brosial nourishment in : a- hard egg. Be sure of It, he who dines out of debt, though his meal be a biscuit and an onion, dines in “the Apol- !o.” And then for raiment—what warmth in a thread-bare coat, if the tailor’s receipt be in the pocket; what Tyrian purple in. the faded waistcoat, the vest not owed for, how glossy the well worn hat if it cover not the aching head ofa debtor. Next, the home sweets, the out door recrea tions of a free man. The street door knockers fall not a knell on his heart; the foot on the stair case, though he live on the third pair, sends no spasm through his anatomy; at the rap at his door, he can crow forth •* come in,’ r and his pulse still beat healthfully, his heart sinks not into his bowels. See bins abroad ! How confidently, yet how pleasantly, be takes the stre.it ; how he returns lo k for look with any passenger; how he saunters now meeting an ucquaintance, he stands and gossips ! But then this man knows no debt—debt that casts a drug in the richest wine ; that makes the food of the g<>ds un wholesome, indigestible ; that sprinkles the banquet of Lucullus witli ashes, soot in the soup of an emperor ; debt, that like the moth* makes valueless furs and velvets, inclosing the wearer in a fastening prison, (the shirt of Nes- sus was a shirt not paid fur :) debt, that writes upon frescoed walls the hand writing of the at torney, that puts a voice of terror in the knock er ; and makes the heart quake at the haunted' fireside; debt, the invisible demon that walks abroad with a mnn, now quickening h s stepsy now making him lookon all sides like a hunted beast, and bringing to his face the ashy hue of death, as the unconscious passenger looks gTao- cy upon him ! Poverty is a bitter draught, yet may, and sometimes with advantage, be gulped down. Though the drinker make wry faces, there may, after all, be a wholesome goodness in the cup. But debt, however cour- ‘boots /” enjoying a play, we start nervously should the te0Us |y * l be offered, is the sup of a syren, and pit Trollope convicted raise the cry of i l ^ e Wlne * s P' ce( k delicious though it be, an ' eating poison. The man out of debt, though with a flaw in his jerkin, a crack in the shoe leather, and a hole in his hat, is still the son of liberty, free as the sing ng lark above him ; but the debtor, though clothed in the utmost brave* ry, what is he but a serf upen a holiday, a slave to be reclaimed at any instant by his own er, the creditor f My son, it poor, see wine in the running spring, let thy mouth water at a last week’s roll, think a threadbare coat the only wearer, tr.d acknowledge a whitewashed garret the filteit housing place for a gentleman. Do this and flee debt. So shall thy heart be at peace, and the sheriff be confounded.” i I 1 a 4 n a c /! « ft T ? I k * statement. e thr ; tha >ore wift written, we h«tve seen Dr. Daria’s • ay , 1 nf cow dun*, av evacuated, is j< < poums I nw, »fP3 per cent, nf this he water, the allowance of 50 ll>* a, the weight of the ,lrv dung, is in deed an excess of liberal,,*. The true weight of the drv dune, is just 22 pounds, and ihe quantity neceisarv to e- qual 1 5.000 lb,, would be 452 bushel,. Compare .tits with ii a-pnr tun ofe ning found us associated with others of like age nnd character, ot the theatre or any other place of amusement that would release us late nt night to cards, hot punch, broiled bones, and perhaps broken heads or the watch house.- How such a life would have terminated can on ly be imagined, for we were arrested in mid career. Gentle reader, w; fell in ] a v fl t Much hus been said, sung, and written upon ilfthrotTgMhe medi- I ,h ' 9 ' maUer ° f lf>Ve > and a11 to purpose That it is a disease, all admit. A disease inei- guitar will give place to a catarrh, 01 that the trombones will be followed by aching bones, is sickening. Go to balls, parlies, sup pers,—get drunk—go on a spree, and suffer afterwards—there is some alleviation in your misery to know that there was fun and excite ment in the deed. But serenading is a cold blooded business. Rob '—hire a band and send them round, with orders to bring home all that is thrown out, even a chair, and next morning, after a comfortable night’* rest, you can gather in the laurels. Statistics orOrunkciincs?. Hoar the wag Bunch talk upon the “statis tics of drunkenness.” A very curious document has been lately drawn upon the origin, causes, results, meta physics, philosophy, and physiology of drunk enness. One of the most curious clmpters is that which contains the table of the various cir cumstances to which inebriety may be attribu ted. The report divides intoxication into sev eral heads, including the muzzy, six cases out often may be traced to spasms’ and that one nineteenth arises from birth-days ; that among confidential clerks inebriety is rare, hut when it occurs, pickled salmon, or the arrival ofa friend from the country, arc found to be the most usual causes of the malady. Drunkenness has also been known to arise in some instances from taking up a bill; but as the latter is an operation which persons given! to intoxication seldom perform, the number of cases to be attributed to this source is very in significant. A wife’s birth day has often been known to lead to a total prostration of the hus band, but it is a remarkable fact, that the dav is frequently mistaken in these instances, and such is the power of ima ination. that Dime ! Time! Time!—A dollar dropped in to the sea cannot be recovered, neither can a lost hour be regained ; once lost, it is lost for ever. Napoleon once said to some boys in a school he visited ; “My lads, every hour 0 f lost time is a chance for future misfortune.” Early ^Rising.—Young ladies, would votr improve^jrour ininds ?—know that the morning is tlie best time to study. Would you improve vour beauty ?—know that the morning air i* the best cosmetic. Would you enjov pleasure without alloy I—know that the sun rising from his yellow couch, presents one of the most sublime arid beautiful scenes in nature. Would lias been knoiv,, drop d<„v„ into thr, g ™, j M* eight or nine limps in a yenr, through having fancied that the birtli-dav of his wife occurred repeatedly in the course of a twelvemonth. now that flowers are clad in their best attire, and send fortli the sweetest per fumes in the morning. Finally, would you attend a morning school ?—get up at 4 o’clock.