Newspaper Page Text
X
THE TE LEGRAPI1
TiieMlny, December 16, IS'l 5
tlrpfUUau .VomiMttiloM lor tht 3* MUiirlct.
J
• FOR CONGREdS#
OEDS6E W. TOlVtfS.
Of Talbot. '
CONGRE8S.
Tlic reader’s attention is ilirecteil to the let
terj of our Washington correspondent. Ow
ing to the failure of the mails the letter ol the
2vl Inst, was not received in time for our last is
sue. It will loose little of its interest, however,
by the delay and we commend both to public
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE.
Wo had intended to lay before our readers
this morning a few of the many evidences of
public approval which this paper has command
ed throughout the Union, but the press of oth
er matter will not allow us to do so so lucid
and simple,so frank and manly, oud so thor
oughly American in its spirit and general views,
this great document lias received the unmixed
award of the popular voice from the Kepubli-
cans in every section of the Union, and oven
the more worth) of our political opponents
have been constrained to acknowledge its
merits and acquiesce in the soundness of its
doctrines. It was not, however, to be cx
pcctcd that that part of it which treats
ofthe InriflT and our foreign relations, would
suit the views of either the monopolists, or ultra
Federalists—indeed, nothing could benstron,
er presumption of its unsoundness than the ap
probation of such men—a republican ought
always to suspect himselfofsomc blunder when
ever he is attended with the applauses of thn t
hybrid multitude.
By every other class of citizens, President
Polk’s message lias been approved. These
men however, arc where they were in 1&12 and
’13 and in 1844, and where they will always
most probably remain, in opposition to their
country. The honor, the freedom, theterrito-
rv ofthe country arc but secondary with them
Like the spiritless and corrupt aristocracy of
Venice whom tho world saw a few years ago
sell their country and its freedom to save the
money-bags and palaces of a few wealthy citi
zens, pleasure and luxurious case have become
dearer to them, than the freedim or glo
ry of tltelr country.
COMMITTEES OF TIIE SENATE.
On the 9th inst. a quorum of that body being
in attendance the Senate proceeded to the organj
izalion of its committees, which resulted as fol
lows :
Mr. Allen, Foreign Relations; M r. Calhoun
Finance; Mr. Haywood, Commerce; Mn
Dickinson, Manufactures; Mr. Sturgeon, Ag-*
riculture; Mr. Benton, Militaty Affairs; Mr
Fairfield, Naval Affairs; Mr. Bieesc, Public
lianas; Air. lcvv, jL'rivaio j.anu claims ; Mi
Sevier, Indian Affairs; .Mr. Bagby, Indian Af
fairs; Mr. Semple, Revolutionary Claims;
Mr. Ashley, Judiciary.
Mr. Dickson, the late Secretary lias been re
elected in opposition to Hon. Joseph Sturgcs of
this State. The vote stood for Dickson 25;
for Sturgcs 21- Benton, Bagby and Haywood
tho ultra nnti-Toxas senators voting with the
whiga for Mr. Dickson.
THE LEGISLATURE.
IV c find nothing in the proceedings of this
bo ly during the past week of much intercs*.
j .l’lie election of Supreme Court Judges lias
nt’; yet come on; several names have b:-en
spoken of in connexion with these appoint
ments, but \vc forbear ourselves making any
conjectures. A few more days will relieve the
public anxiety on the subject.
MILITARY CLAIMS.
Will not the Legislature inquire into the
reason why the balance of the military claim
ana not been collected from the General Gov
ernment. There was due at the time Gov.
McDonald went out of office, nearly §75,000,
and Gov. Crawford says he collected only
$13,000. Gov. McDonald says in his mes
sage that lie had employed Col. Rogers to cob
lect testimony and put the vouchers to sustain
the claim in proper form, to suit tho regulations
of federal offices whose duty it was to pass on
these claims. What did Col. Rogers do?—
Could he l.a/c put the vouchers in proper form
to insure the payment of the money? Was lie
coulinucd in that service by Gov Crawford?—
If not, was any otic else engaged to perform the
ihiir service ?
We are indebted to the lion. W. T. Col-
qiftt. Mon. Howell Cot;b, Hon. John H.
Lumpkin, lion. II. A. Haralson, and Hon.
Thus. B. King of this State, and Hon. W. P
Thomason of Kentucky, and lion. J. J. Mc
Kay of North Carolina, for copies of the Pres
ident’s Message and other public documents,
received in advanco of our regular Washing
ton city papers.
CORHESPO.VDENCK OF THE TELEGRAPH.
Washington Citt, December 2, tat.".
Another week has passed and Congress lias
met and organised, and the long expected mes
sage has been sent in.
As 1 was led to believe, Mr Davis, of Indiana,
lias been chosen Speaker of the House. He
was nominated in caucus, the caucus having
first repealed the two thirds rule, on which sev-
‘crul of the Southern members withdrew. Mr.
Davis is the third Speaker who lias been elect
ed by caucus. Mr. White was the first by the
Whigs; Mr. Jones, the Speaker of the last
Congress, was the second, and prior to his nom
ination, the two-thirds rule was adopted in or
der to srtisfy the Southern Democrats. As
therefore, this rule was repented several of the
Southerners withdrew, and nine of them re
fused to support Mr. Davis, and voted for Mr.
Norris of New Hampshire. These nine were
all the members front South Carolina, but Mr.
Clark, and Mr. Yancey of Ala., Mr. Sodden
of Virginia, and Mr. Harinansun of La. An
other reason why they refused to support Mr
Davis, was because when a member of the
committee to revise the rules of the last Con
gress, he had voted for the aboli’ion of the
25th rule illative to abolition petitions,though
as I am i» r ormed, ia the House he voted against
the abolition of that rule. Mr. Davis, howev
er, received 120 votes out of 211 cast; the whig
candidate having 72. Air. Norris of N. II., 9.
The Native American candidate 5, and the rest
scattering.
After the election of Speaker, the House
adopted the rules of the last session of Con
gress, after several attempts to abolish the one
hour rule; and also an attempt to revive the
25th tuIc, on motion of Mr Chapman of Ala.,
which was lost by a vote of S4 to 121.
To-day the House re-elected Mr B French,
the present incumbent, as its clerk, by an unan
imous vote, which is a highly comphmeniary
evidence of the estimation in which he is held,
and were discussing a proposition which was
made by Garret Davis of Kentucky, to give
out the printing to the lowest bidder, instead
of appointing a printer as heretofore, by which
he said a saving of at least 30 per cent, would
be effected, when the message arrived.
In the Senate, the only matter of any im
portance has been the introduction of a bill by
Senator Crittenden, of Ky., for the purchase of
the Louisville Canal, at the falls of the Ohio,
by the General Government, and also a bill
to make appropriations for the improvement of
the Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and Arkansas
rivers.
The message is a very lengthy document,
and on this account I shall make my present
letter as brief as possible.
The recommendation for prompt action in
the admission of Texas, will meet with the ap
probation of all.
The announcement of the despatch of a min
ister to Mexico is confirmed. His name is not
given but he is said to be “a distinguished citi-
sen or ziuumiHiia," anatninoery protiaOTy
tiic lion. John Slidell, a member of Congress
from that State.
That portion of the message which relates
to the Oregon questiou, will be read with much
interest by all parties. It discloses the fact
that Great Britain has again refused to com-
pronvse the difficulty by accepting 'he 49th
parallel, and ns it is not to be expected that the
United Stales will yield any thing below that.
I believe that President Polk’s recommenda
tion to give notice of the termination of the
joint occupancy, will bo sustained. It appears
to be the general opinion here that this will
meet the support of large majorities in both
Houses of Congress.
The reiteration of Mr. Monroe’s celebrated
declaration, respecting the interference of Eu
ropean powers in the affiirs of this continent,
whether on the pretext of the balance, of pow
er, or any other, will, there is no room to doubt,
meet with the hearty concurrence of the peo
ple of the United States.
I have not space to comment upon the part
of the message relative to the tariff. It is to
be regretted that the President did not make
some specific recommendations to Congress as
to the tote of duty, though the recommenda
tion to abolish minimums and specific duties
will mret the approbation of the South.
\n Independent Treasury, and the gradua
te of the prices of the public lands are both
recommended, with various oilier matters, which
for the present, I leave to the readers of the
Message.
The caucus of the democratic members has
is I am informed, resolved upon the recom
mendation of Newton Lane, of Ky., for Ser
geant at Arms, and Mr. Wh'tnev, of Illinois,
n Door Keeper, and also Ritchie Sc Ileiss for
printers. TATNALL.
THE MESSAGE.
The ability, the calmness, the dignity, and
directness, with which which President Polk
trented the various questions under review
in his message, has elicited tho enconiums of
those whom it might be supposed, if uny class
of cit zens among us arc to find fault with it,
would nor lik 1 . ly receive it very favorably.—
The Frencli paper pobtished ( in New York,
"Courier dcs Etnts Unis," remarking upon
President Polk’s Message says:
“ ‘The message lias a frightful importance.
The giowling of a thunder is heard there
which threatens to break the peace of the
world. But Mr. Poik has marvellously disgui
sed the energy of his thoughts, the audacity of
his intentions, under phrases full of moderation
i«nd courtesy. It is many years since the peo
ple of the United Slates have held to foreign
tiutions a language so lofiy, and yet so calm.’'”
Washington Cut. December0.
The House of Representatives is at last fair-
I) organized and underway—all its committees
appointed, and business commenced. /Hie com
ma tecs were announced yesterday by the Spea
ker. the House having udjaurned over from
Ihursday to Monday, to give him time to ap
point them. You will of course see tiie*m in
the papers, and it will bo unnecessary for me
to repeat them. With reference to their con
stitution as a whole,much satisfaction is expres
sed^- d it is believed that the Speaker has made
u very judicious selection. The most impor
tant ones are admirably constituted. These are
that on Foreign nffiirs, Military affairs, and
Naval affairs; and though last, yet by no means
least, but rather first in importance, that on
H ays and Means. The three first arc univer
sally considered strong committees. The chair
men of all arc determined that so far as in them
lies, all that is necessary to sustain the honor
and interests of our country shall be done.
ti ey will he sustained by the Committees, by j
Congress and the Country. Mr. Holmes, the !
chairman of the Naval uflairs, :s determined to
do his utmost to put ibe country in a state of
defence, and to meet the menacing prepara
tions of Great Britain by such preparations as
may bo necessary. Mr Haralson of your own
i State—and a worthy Representative ho is, too
1 is at the head of the committee on Military
affairs, and his previous course is a guaranty
for bis future, that it will meet the require
ments of the country. Mr. C. J. Ingersoll is
nt the head of that on Foreign affairs, and with
him are Rliclt of S. C., Payne of Ala., and Mr.
Cobb of your State, Ml Cullom of Tenn., &c.
This is a very strong committee. 1 hen for
the Ways and Means—there are the following
members: Mr. McKay, of N. C., Chaiitnain,
Dromgoolc of Virginia, Hungerford, ofN. Y.,
Houston of Ala., Norris of N. II. and Jones of
your own State, six democrats, and Mr. J. R.
Ingersoll of Pa., Winthrop of Mass., and Vin
ton of Ohio, three whigs. Of this committee
I think I may say that if, as now constituted,
it does not report a tariff for revenue alone, it
will disappoint and astonish all. There are
four Southern democrats, McKay, Dromgoole,
Houston, and Jones, and Mr. Norris of N. IT-,
which glorious old State professes and holds
fast to the true faith on the taxing power; and
if these five, being a majority of the committee,
will not report a revenue tariff, 1 shall lose all
my faith in pubiic men hereafter. With refer
ence to the tariff, by the way, when the various
portions of the President’s message were to
day referred to the several committees, that por
tion rclatingtothe Treasury ,<lhereductionofthe
Tarifl*, the Suh-Treasurv, &c., were referred
to this committee, and Mr. Stewart of Penn.,
who is a monomaniac upon the subject of pro
tection, made a motion to instruct the commit
tee that the House would not agree to any al
teration in the Tariff, and in support of it made
a long rambling, disconnected speech, filled
with the most ultra assertions respecting the
protective tariff. He was, however, well and
ably answered by Mr Andrew Johnson of Ten.,
and withdrew his motion at the suggestion of
one of Iiis colleagues, because a vote on it
would not have expressed the opinion of the
House on the question of the tariff. In the
mean while the action of tt:e committee, and
then that of the House upon its recommenda
tions will be looked for with intense anxiety.
Fears are indeed entertained—and tlioso not
without grounds—that the present Congress, if
it alter the present tariff at all, will not give
us instead a purely revenue tariff, hut will mere
ly modify the amount of protection which it
gives. I sincerely hope these fears may prove
unfounded, but it is said that there are 13 of
the present Democrats from New York, who if
they go for any alteration of the tariff, will not
go for any beyond that of McKay’s bill of the
last Congress which these same psuedo dem
ocrats laid on tho table then, and which was
only proposed by Gen. M^Kny, ilie then, as
now, chairman of the Committee of Ways and
Means, as a makeshift which, it was Imp- d.
miebt when passed hv thi* Hiiiis-inf Benresen
tatives, be adopted by the Senate, because it
retained largely protective features. If this
st dement should prove to be correct, then fare
well to all hopes of a revenue tariff at this ses
sion. Time alone can, however, test tho truth
or otherwise of these conjectures.
You will have perceived from what I have
stated, that the Democratic members from your
State are members of some of the most im
portant of the committees; Mr. Haralson, is
chairman of that on Military Affa rs; Mr Sea
born Junes is on that of Wavs and Means;
Mr. Lumpkin is on the Judiciary, and Mr Cobb
is on the committee on Foreign affairs—all the
most important committees of the House.—
This will give your reauors a fair impression
of the estimate formed of your Democratic
Representatives.
To Mr. Cobb, by tho way, belong the honors
of having procured the adoption of a reform
which bus been much needed—1 allude to the
choice of seats in the House of Representatives,
which by the adoption of a resolution offered
by Mr. Cobb, lias been decided by ballot. It
has heretofore been the custom for ih-«se who
were first elected—many being re-elected be
fore the expiration of the session with which
their terms would end—to mark their names on
seats, the best in the hall, before others were
elected who were thus deprived of any choice,
and had to put up with the worst seats, fllany
attempts have heretofore been made to remedy
this hut without avail, and it remained for Mr,
Cobb to effect the reform. His resolution pro
vided that the names of every member should
be placed in a box and drawn therefrom by the
Clerk of the House, and each member, on his
name being drawn and called out, went and
chose whatever seat he pleased. Many curious
scenes took place during this drawing, anil one
which caused much laughter was Mr. Holmes,
of S. C., who was one of the last drawn, not
being able to find a more eligible scat than one
close adjoining Mr. Gidding-, the abolitionist:
the plan proposed however was manifestly fair
and gave every one an equal chance; so that
ull were satisfied, though some of them would
have been better pleased if they bad had their
names drawn earlier. Good seats however
could not be found for every one.
The President’s Message continues to grow
in favor with the public. The opponents of the
President and the Democratic parly arc con
founded by finding that while they were railing
at him and the party because they would not
compromise the Oregon question, he actually
has for the sake of peace offered to Compro
mise, and that on tho 49th parallel, and yet that
the British ambassador refused the offer and
that too, somewhat contemptuously. Their ar
tillerv is silenced—their guns spiked. Many
persons profess to believe that a war is to grow
out of the present state of affairs. I must cont
fe.-s that I cannot join in this opinion, but if a
war is to come, let us bo in tile right, and then
we need not fear the consequences. Tl at in
this controversy respecting Oregon, Great Brit j
ain is entirely in the wrong, every one will be
assured who will take the trouble to examine;
and if they have no other means, let them pro
vide themselves with the correspondence of Mr.
Calhoun and Mr. Buchanan with Mr. Paken
ham. If after a perusal of it they are riot sat
isfied they most be beyond the power of eyi-
circiilation of gold and silver,
itself, should be studied—and
we shall soon give our readers that pleasing
and most instructive task.
coinage and tht
But the report
deuce and reason.
The Post Master General’s report will at-
tract a large share of attention also. He states
the anticipated deficiency on the means of the
Department to be $1,330,000 as tno reet ipts
for the first quarter under the new law show a
decrease of forty-five per cent, on the receipts.
He also states that a saving of $250,000 has
been effected in the letting of contracts in the
North Western-section which went into opera
tion 1st of July 1 isl, and that when the new
contracts fur all the sections are made, winch
will not be until 1st July 1848, there may bo a
saving of nearly or about $1,000,000 from this
source. He also says that nine-tintlis of tho
weight of the mails at present, and which is tho
greatest cause of expense, is composed of prin
ted mailer, while it does not pay one-tenth of
the expenses. He recommends that either the
single sheet postage bo restored, or else that the
weight for a single charge be m ide a quarter
instead of half an ounce. Ho also recommends
that tho rate for a single charge be 5 costs un
der 50 miles; 10 cents, over 50 and under
300 miles; and 15 cents over 300 until 1st Ju
ly, 1848; and that the 15 cent rate be abol
ished, mid the charges be made 5 cents under
50 miles; and 10 cents over. He also recom
mends the restoration of the old rates on print
ed matter—the cumpulsory pre-payment of all
postage, and the restoration ofthe franking pri
vilege to the Deputy-post masters. With all
due deference to the Pnst-master-gencral, I
must differ with him in some of his recommen
dations.
There will be an estimated deficiency during
the current year of $1,330,000 and it is desira
ble that the P. O. Department should not lie-
come a permanent charge on the Treasury —
How is it to be done? I do not believe that
Congress can be prevailed upon to raise the
rates of pos'age even if it be advisable which I
doubt I highly approve of the proposition to re
duce the weight of a single letter to n quarter
of an ounce and to compel prc-prnjmcnt of p os
tage in all cases. But l must dissent from the
recommendation to restore the franking privi
lege. On the contrary I would entirely abol
ish it. Instead too of restoring the postage on
printed matter to the old rates, I would rate the
postage by weight, only making it uniform for
certain weights for all distances and making it
higher than it now is, and with these reforms,
and ilie pro-payment anil such savings as could
be made in contracts, (and I think tho weight of
the mails would lie very much reduced by pre
payment forcing a quantity of dead nutter out
of th? mails) and perhaps instead of any alter
ation of the nresent rales ih*» iai position nf 15
cents fer over 1000 miles and 20 for over 2000
tho Department would be able to sustain itself.
Such alterations as these I think the House
would sanction, hut I fear that those the Post
master-general has made will not, an i thus the
risk is run that the Department will become a
charge upon the Treasury which is to be avoi
ded at all events if possible.
TATNALL.
From the Washington Union of the 5ih in
stant, we copy the following synopsis present
ing the leading views of tiie report of tho Se
cretary at War:
It exhibits, in the first instance, the organi
zation, stT' i gill find constitution of the regular
army. Tiie rank and file—embracing every
arm of the service—does not exceed 0,500 men.
At this time, there is stationed but a single reg-
ment on the whole northern frontier, from
Maine to Lake Superior—an extent of 2000
miles; and on the whol« line from die Falls ol
St. Anthony to New Orleans, (fifteen hundred
m i s,) on! v one regiment of dragoons and two
of infautry. The artilery regiments—reduced
by thedetachm-mtsof four companies from each
—now garrison the fortifications ofthe seaboard
from New Port to New Orleans. The remain
ing and large proportion of the army is now
stationed in Texas. The report gives an in
interesting account of the political reasons
Hox. Caleb Cushing, in his able -,j~
before the Boston Mercantile Library \s ^
tion, on the Oregon question, made thef^
ing remarks. They are worthy of the m an
the country. ***
“ War, therefore, remains as a possiU e
tentative; but one which, in my opinion t ; *
is not the slightest present cause toapn re |, *
Remember war, to exist at all” must b e '
gressive war on the part of Great Britain ;
must come here to seek it. We are not
posing to go to Europe and take from her
land or half of Ireland by force. It is she
invades, and must assume all the hazard
invasion. Will she do this ? I d 0
which have
SECRETARY WALKER.
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury
falls very little short in interest, of the Presi
dent’s Message itself. It has commanded very
general attention throughout the country’. The
ability with which that important, but di licate
and complex question, the revenue system of
the country, has been treated by the Secretary
ofthe Treasury, has certainly not been surpass
ed. before if equalled, by any other enquiry
which has ever been had upon the subject.—
The whole country is indebted to Mr, Walker
for bis profound and unanswerable review of
the system and its bearings. In our next we
will lay it before our readers, and we bespeak
for't in advance, the attention and careful pe
rusal of every citizen—every man of all par
ties. For the present we can only notice the
heads argued and proved by Mr. Walker.
1st. That no more money should be colleet-
ed than is necessary for the wants nf the gov
ernment, economically administered.
■ 2d. Tnat no duty be imposed on any arti
cle above the lowest rate which will yield the
largest amount of revenue.
“3d. That below such rate, discrimination
may be made, descending in the scale of du
ties; or, for imperative reasons, the article may
be placed in tho list of those free from all duty.
“4tli. I hat the maximum revenue duty should
be imposed on luxuries.
‘*5th. That all mitiimtims, and nil specific du
ties, should be abolished, and ad valorem duties
substituted in their place—care being taken to
guard against fraudulent invoices and under
valuation, and to assess the duty upon the actu
al market value.
“ 6th. That the duties should be so imposed
as to operate as equally as possible throughout
the Union, discriminating neither for nor against
any class nr section.
No horizontal scale nf duties j? recommen
ded. because such a scale would be a refusal
to discriminate for revenue and might sink that
revenue below the wants of the government.—
Rome articles will yield the largest revenue at
duties thnt would be wholly or partially pro
hibitory in other cases.”
The “ Warehouse System” is recommended
as vitally necessary to prevent the loss of our
trade in foreign exports, as under the present
arrangement.
A drawback on goods exported from this
country through Canada, is proposed.
Me is in favor of reducing and graduating
the price of the public lands.
| I lie “Constitutional Treasury” is warmly
pressed, and powerful reasons set forth in its
| support. The location of a branch of the Mint
nt New York is recommended for sound rea
sons. to ki}"p safely the vast amount nf revenue
j collected at New York, and also to increase tiie
induced the government to give
them this destination. The Secretary dues not
think it prudent to remove the troops from this
position until our relations with Mexico have
assumed a more decidedly amicable character.
In tho event of their being any necessity to in
crease the army, he proposes to build upon the
basis of the regiments, by adding to the rank
and file of ennli company, instead of creating
new regiments.
This neecssitymav ho found in tiie course of
Mexico, or in the conduct of the Cnmanches, or
of the Indians that are found in Oregon, or that
may interrupt the increasing current of emigra-
lion to the Rnckv Mountains. By the proposed
arrangement of filling up the infantry companies
to sixty eight men, and the dragoon to sixty,
the privates are increased, without a correspon
ding augmentation of tho officers.
The report suggests that, besides this increase
of the number of privates iri tho two existing
regiments of dragoons, another regiment of
dragoons or of mounted rifle-men may be ne
cessary. in the event of extending our posts to
the Rocky Mountains.
It states that, though the concentration of
so large a proportion of the army on the fron
tier of Texas may have, in some m°asure, en*
larged the expenditures, (certainly in the arti
cle of transportation,) vet it has, in some de
gree, b-en compensated bv the improvement
which has tnfc-ri p'ace in the discipline nf the
troops. It renews the rero-nme-'dat'on for es
tablishing a corps of sappers, miners and po-
toniers. to assist, among other things, n con
structing bridges, in consequence ofthe military
occupation of Texas. Or.e hundred men will
be sufficient for the purpose.
The report gives u rapid but interesting ac
count of Col. Ivearnev’sexoedition, during the
last summer, to the Smith Pass of the Reeky
Mountains ; tho impressions it produced among
tho Indians ; the number of emigrants whom
it me' on their way to Oregon, to the number
of 2,325 men, women and childree, with 7000
head of cattle, 400 horses and mules, and 460
wagons. This report nf Col. Kearnley accom
panies thee mmniicit'on of the commanding
general, and will furnish, no doubt, an interest
ing store of extracts, at a season of greater
leisure. It also refers to the adventures of an
other detachment cf the dragoocs, under the
command of Captain Sumner, nearly to the
northern line of the United States, between
Luke Superior and the Lake of the Wends.—
Among tho Indians whom they met with on
llieir route, a n d upon whom they made a due
impression with their military array, was a nu
merous hand «>! the h-df breeds of the Red riv
er ofthe North, who had come from the reg'on
of the Mud-on Bay Company into our I nes. to
hunt buffalo. They had even solicited permis
sion to reside in die Unitid States.
The Secretary refers to the considerations
which had prompted General Gaines to des
patch the volunteers of Louisiana to the camp
of General Taylor. Ample justice is done to
their call ntry. and Congress is invited to make
app.opria'ion for tl eir compensation. Gener
al Tav’nr had • Iso accepted the services of
four Texan companies of mounted men for three
months.
The estimates frr the ensuing year do not
greatly vary from those of former years. The
item for arming li e fnnications is increased
8100,000. The attention of Congress is di-
of
Hot belit Te
it. Sir Robert Peel may talk largely on *
subject, for tho purpose of carrying [} ro ! *
Parliament some critical domestic measure1
in the vain hope to intimidate tho United S' ‘ ^
Bui England is loo dependent on America'<•-
Colton and Corn to declare war nrr a ; DJt „
lightly; and she cannot fail to remembei)^
in two wars with us already, at a fi me ff |,
we were much less powerful than now ^
gained nothing but defeat and dishonor."
Judge Pennybacker, (Dam.) has been elect
ed U. S. Senator l>v the Virginia Legislaj^ I
for six years from the 4th of March, 1845
Hon. W. C. Ri ves, whose term of serve* t|*,
expired. Pennybacker 110, Rives 40, Sr,,
tering 11.
FARMER'S LIBRARY AND Mnvw
LY JOURNAL OF A G HI C U L Tun/ 1
In the planting states at least, evemtr
must be interesting which relates to the exfc
sion or improvement of that noblest and old*
of the arts of civilized life—agriculturc-c-,.,
which, far beyond all other interests, deptr j
the general prosperity of the people,—whut*.
therefore is in any degree calculated to ih ;n " r
lighten the economy of this great eleae«tf
human subsistence, is of the first and greats
consideration to every citizen. States a
prosperous, not so much To proportion to>
natural advantages which they enjoy, a fa,
are to the skill and knowledge of theircit"ze"i
in developing such as they possess. T!;e«! #
of a farm to the proprietor frequently
as much upon his knowledge of its culture a
upon the fertility of its soil. That of a rams
more upon the character of the labor whidi
bestowed upon it than upon its situation. If
everything cannot be accomplished at ora
seme portion of it may; and in time with sp
tern unu enlightened energy very much cask
done. Oilier States, by all the means b,
the'r power, have entered upon the i
provement of their condition. Geor»iaU
resources which if properly developed wot.l
rank her s>-cond to few States in the Unioi:
and we have been indulging the hope thatskt
too, would became more thoroughly impress,
with the importance of improvement in
great branch of civilized industry, agriculton
which is i he chief support of all other in’er
and pursuits within her borders. Auxi iarj
this wo cannot recommend too highly to
i citizens 'he importance to each and every■!
of 'In m of subscribing for some able ajiiw
rnl periodical—such a work ought lobeiitb]
hands’ of every planter in Georgia.
We have before us the October, Narrate
and December numbers of the Farmer’s Lit
ry ai d Monthly Journal of Agriculture,fi'f
by John S. Skinner, and published by Grri
Sc AtcElrath, New-York. The first bor|
have b-.-en awarded throughout ths routfiy
‘Mr. Skinner as a practical and scwntracw
cultural writer: and we recommend this'
With much confidence to the planters ori
State generally.
t
I
v.
reeled to the state of th *. foriications—to the
armories of Springfie'd and Harpers Ferrv—
to the estab’ishment of a national foundry for
cannon—to the preservation of the gunpowder
belonging to the government—to the connition
or the mineral lands'in the Northwest, which
the S-cretary proposes to transfer from the
managem-nt of the ordnance department to
some other, (the President’s message suggests
to the land office.)
It calls the attention of Congress to the fortv-
eight forts in process of construction, and to
the propriety of erecting new forts at other
points. Among these, as suggested by the re
ports of th** engineers, are foriications of the
narrows at Staten Island and nt Sandy Hook,
and the condition of tho long suspended for
tress at the Pea Patch, an additional work nt
Sellers’Point, for the protection of Baltimore;
and projected fortications on the Florida reefs.
The Secretary speaks with great considera
tion of the school at W c-t Point, and pronoses
Mr. Johnson has been assured by
ernte and unanimous voiceofthe pc°P l
city, that in this section of tiie L ,ille
the sum of 815,000 per annum, is a
r ->• - I
some improvements, lie calls special atten
tion to the report of the chi-f of the corns of
topographical engineers—to the improvements
of the harbors <m tho lakes, which are so well
calculated to furnish accommodations to steam
ers that, ina state of war, may be turned to
he most effective purposes, an J M furnish ft-
cilities to a commerce that is now estimated at
one hundred millions of dollars annually.
I he S'-cretary speaks with enthusiasm of
the expeditions of Captam Fremont, and his
valuable services. He refers to t ho reports ot
tho pension office, winch lias now registered
upon its books 27.921 pensioners—2,371 ad
ded during the last year, end 1,438 known to
have died. He devotes a considerable space j central cities of Georgia, he will review^,
to the Indian agency a-d the Indians—the Pot- | cision. If his land mail is pressed
tawotomies. tho Choctaws, and particularly f-nah is removed from Charleston24,
theChe"-'— , /. 1. .. .. . ion rink* 1
THE MAILS.
We hud intended this morning to mikes®
remarks upon the injustice which theptfp
t lie south western districts of Georgia sufferW
tiie preent Man service between Charleston,*
vannah and the cities ofthe interior. WefiafliJ
ever, llit; following remarks ofthe Georgia
the point, and adopt them as our own. ®
commend them to our representatives in Cs
gross and trust they will loose no time in
ging upon tiie department at Washing#**
necessity of prompt and efficient action *“j
premises:
“The Legislature, it will be seen, has pd®*
ly passed a joint resolution, requestingoorSB-,
alors and Representatives in Congress,tot"?
JYi
the Postmaster General to furnish to
pie of Savannah a daily mail, by steamers,
Charleston.”
Wo learn from Mr. Schley, our
that an arrangement has been m»<!efi>r*®J
mail, by land, between the two cities, *1**
ty four hours.
The citizens of Savannah hare, wim f ,
unanimity requested—the cities of Mia*, J
a tabes, and the people of South Wcste" I
gia, in a body, request the Postmasterb I
to furnish a steam mail. jjji
CEH
pawn
* r attt
I
and moderate charge for daily service i»#Jj
er-. Tilts Stale lt>", oil tli s suI’j'’ 1 ''* p,-T
in her sovereign capacity. iVill 1 ® A
Master General any lunge" with ho- ^ ^-J
facility so powerfully pressed upo" ’ ,nl ’ r j
flunk not, but that looking to d |C - rt3 f ‘l
lie good, the interest of the people of a P°
ful State, and also to the advant age
ived by the government itsell m
SiB»> a
controlln
line through Swann
iah s"- 1 1
* Che«>kee». lie lays before the President i liy the steamer line, Macon, 190. ■‘ 1 0 , ^i'
some highly interesting communications from ' interior, c..uld he be brought within -
our sub agent in the territory of Oregon. i from Charleston, via Savannah. ^
He dedicates the conclusion of his compre- What has Georgia’s seaport B suC h trf *'
henslve nnd-very interesting report to a subject j con and Columbus done, to h i' c
wliic 1 is ofso profound an importance in n free i merit ?—Georgia’s claims to mal ^
government, viz.: the organization of the mil. | as powerful aa those of any oth pr
and
ilia. Me suggests various aheritio
among tho rest, subini's the question whether
it might nut bo advisable to reduce th-* period
ofsrrvtceFrom 18 years of age to 21, upon the
ground th it, :t' t oqg!i citizens of eighteen years
of age tire not tno.yom'g to bear arms, they arc
not gei-cral yin a situate n to equip themselves
wiih arms, as the law requires.
What is the expenditure ot a few 1 !
lats compared to satisfying the poop
who, with their millions of dodm M
for Railroad-, and thousands n, ° re ' : uS ;n"j
heretofore, now ask only the J
being placed on an equality ' 01 r t ^,eC : 1
Is it nothing that the Stockholm' 1 ^ ^
I tral Rail Road in Georgia, who n
’'?■» Si,