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CAPT. FREMONT. A correspondent of the New York Mirror uruishts the following autlwUx and carefully prepared account of Gupt. I' remonl, of the U^ fc>. Army, the explorer ol Oregon and Califur- niu: Cjj.U Fremont, whoso celebrated explort lion in the furtlurest west is now the theme of j l.i.^io J c „„y seemed a liul and it was whispered about that she had been advertised to come, without her concurrence, . and was doing penance nilicr than disappoint age, with a brother and si-Acr younger than hint- Ute i.andgrave and (Mb gav public. She is a a ;lf, his mother, unil ho was seventeen, proyi- I s |,„| llt intillec’ukl girl, with turn p* uni vers <1 apphtus*. ft a native of South Cur*di- na, the son of a widow, and the architect of his own fortunes. Left an orphan atfourycara of dod for his support and «ducaiioi ; at th«t nge ho began to provide for himself, and for those connect 'd w tit him. F-r three years he taught matlicm itic*, perfecting his own education, and , giving all his earnings beyynJ l.is necessary support, to Ira mother ani the two younger children. At the age of twenty, his skill in mathematics procured him employment on the rail read explorations undertaken by the State of Sou'ii C-ru'iuto connect the Aliunde *' GERMANY. f e ,tile rnd productive soil.” : In the recent de- . . • . a-,,. , ' hate iu the Senate. Mr Calhoun also thus speaks The fo owing is an extract lrom \Yil!i> i oaie m me jtm \ me ioiilo. 3 . 0 f t i, e importance of Oregon. “It you luatt- Diaiy, at the Springs iu Germany. I tute a comparison belw< en Oregon and Texas, "Jenny Lind came down from Frankfort to | [ would say that the former is as valuable to Sou heni nten ol his own party, give us a concert yesterday. Shu and Rouge I U i ns the Liter.” **' r '“ U tae Reformer, arc the two comets ot Germany | Asia prophetically remarked hv one of the firs: Sfcli.ila's'ot our^cou -try. "In the region of Oregon, is to §rt>\v up, ere many years pass trie annexai nwartt iare of men who will stnnJ iuthesaine * had tvoci _ . r. l Hi m n the Pacific th«l ** «»f the eastern j We were advised by the President to give tho Stat.s d no the Atlantic, and in the same reia- t notice, and he wished now to direct the House tion to Asa that we do to Europe.” ! ^ *liat would be the effect of not giving the no in this li«dit iu tlie mind ot the true states- ! tire. Should we not bo placed m tire position pole I. -ir and i fffiij* , he pass- 1 srion a d occupation of the Ore- | of receiving a recommendation front the Presi- -- f 1 ■ -- - dent to "ive the notice ot declining to act upon nt the present moment, and of read enough in tlie London Ujp litter.you pijiers. The out of temper, whichf however, wo could not ilndcrstund, ow ing to the thickness of the gentleman's speech. Mr. Davis said ho had nothing to say in re ply to a drunken blackguard. The S| eakcr called him to order, and he apologized to the House fur having used the epithet. After some further remarks from Messrs. G. Davis, Bayly, J. R. Ingersoll, and others, die l-xatibii of Texas'. The negotiations j Speaker put the question whether the resolu- lied a crisis. "| tlon should he considered a privileged quesiion pon which the yeas and nays were de- CONGI1 E S S. Tjiuiisday, January S. Mr. Cobb, of Georgia, addressed tlie House opposition ti» the v : ews sustained by the He did not concur with .Mr. Calhoun. He believed our ti tle to the whole of Oregon was a good one, that I the ques'ion was a national one; as much so as skin which gives the Swedes socli an under- t goii icrri'ory In comes an object of vast com dune look, hut her expression of cmmio .n ice, mandiiig uuiioiial imporia ce—pregnant with not withstanding, is like tlie snrfece- of * quiet infoldy p stlhs to tlie weal, not only of tlie mil- well, known to be*u deep one. With the most lipos jiere, but on the continent of Asia. In retiring modesty she carries the impress uf a ; t ds view. Oregon liny well be highly prized, persou of boundless temh iiiess ami capabil ty. j 'What American does not hope yet to see pur ll is understood s'te is o dy udug her profession 1 Republic, with its arms stretching; on tlie one to accumulate a fortune for a |>uor lover, and ) side to the All m ie, on the other to the Pacific- with lit r marriage w II eit 1 her primu-Jomm- hood. This I tile romance in tlie background Ocean and the Ohio River at the two points of j makes her stand on the stag': in very interesting Charleston and C ncinnati, and this gave him j Jier perseveruoce in acqtitr ng Iter mu- occupation in tlie mountainous region of North I d kill is said to have broil -very rcnnrkabl.-. C .rnliua and Tennessee, and fit at mured him to ( gj lo nrt .; V ed in Paris m mountain life, and led bun to cupniiei.ee the (after the success shu w ilrith Heart in the great West, al ke influen cing tie- conti rents of Europe and Asia, from tits Atlantic Slates on the one side, and from the Oregon territory on the other—its vast do- m ffishireiu ovdr with hundreds of millions of Under rear up & viinnutmeans, expecting | l au industrious and thiiving people/ ...... .v.. - - — , gaiter me succe.-sanu hnd had iiii Sweden) to J circumstances th) fivorahle, time will re-. » scientific observations of the heavens and earth, j b* a hic to support herielf by tiie's’iige as she f gbvci nfii' tit and institutions on tho North Ame- ho lias since extended over so vast a lioitl.— worked her way to tlie sumuiitid’ her art ; hut J rldu’ii coiitiiicn'r, in power such as transcends the fimtopitiion of Garcia was that she should ev ch HiiiMfedihi of the imagination, and in ev- austaiti from all singing for a yeaq or. her voxu cry efeVn iit of greatness such as has no parul- would be irrecoverably Just! ’i». While' engaged in this business an taciea.se was made by C-a'gr ss m some Iw.uKots of u.e regular army. Guo. Jackson w.-.s .lieu I’resi- dent of the United Sipfis, and direct'd one half of the new npppiutnteuU i<. he inkou from the class of citizens; and out of this cl ss the young Fremont < bln hied a place among tlie ju nior officers of the Topographical engineers.— Th« wise a’d patriotic decision of G« n. Jack- son opened the door for this uppoi tun lit, hut it required the merit of the applicant to obtain it. The Typographical Corps is eminently xci- eivific; ani the young Fremont, never having been at tne national Military Academy, had to ■stand an ex iininatimj before he could ho ap pointed. A board ofeminent officers examined him. lie stood the test of this seveie ordeal. He triumphed in his uxamiiiuiioit, and llius wo i bis way to n place which the enlightened patri otism of J icksoiiliaJ laid opeiitothec mipeiition of fr.endless merit. This was a first ft uit,—a rijjli One—ol havieg been a teacher iu malliematic-'. Whut tin eucoutag. me t to young inch who have to advance them .elves by their owp.c xer- U"n*. •• No sooner was he appointed than he went in to active service in t ie field and sjieiit tne first year iu the Oh. inkee c-.uiiirv, in the topngrap i- ical surveys (under Captain WMliant') which the apprehended host lilies of the Southern In dians rendered necessary to the expected mili tary operations. The next year lie was sent as un assistant to the celebrated Aslioimnier, Mr. Nicollet, to the valley of the upper Mississippi, and was engaged two years in that lemo’e re gion, in aidnig that ernaient savan in collecting the materials, ver f> iug the facts, and instituting the seventy lliuusund meteoro.ogical observa tions, upon wine.i the great hydtograpliic nnp • f Nicollet and Fremoi.t was constructed, and from which -so many publishers of maps have levied “contijbut oils’* without acknow ledging the source from which they came, in ld-lg, Lieut. Fremont first b> came commander of u separate expedition, and explored the country between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains, to the South Pass and Fremont’s Peak; and the biief, umdest, military, and sci entific report which lie made of this exploration, immeuiute y made his name known iu Euiope and Ameiica as one « f the distiuguislied explo rers of the agi*. In 184^—11 he we11 u|>on his great expedlion to Oregon and Ca iforuia; the report of which, publisl ed by •rdi t ofCougress, is now aUracliiig universal attention. In 1845, he lias gone upou his third expedition, deter mined upon a complete in htarv a- d scientific exploration of all the vast and almost unknown regions between the R icky mountains and the Pacific prean, and h«-tween the Oregon river aud tlie Gulf of California. This expedition is expected to cuoiiuue ne ir two years, an i its successful result is looked to with the highest degree of interest.by all thofrieuds of science in America and iu England,!] g i Perhaps no man of Ins age, in tiny country, has gone through such au amount of labor and jixertioa of hod , and mind ns Captain Fremont. From tlia age of twenty the canopy of heaven has keen his covering! the mountains and plains, the lakes and rivers, from the A’lantic to the Pacific, from the Gulf of Mexico to the head of the Mississippi, have been his home!— II s military recontnnssunco in which he was engaged, became also seient fie oxplan itions; and geogragliv, Ixitaoy, geology, astronomy, meteorology, receive each as much attention from him as if each had been his sole .pursuit. The fru ts of all these researches are recorded in journals daily written iu the field. Materials for maps and drawings are daily collected; a few months of office labor prepares ail for pub lication; aud without wai'iug to see any tiling published, tho impatient g> ntlemau immediate ly se's off upon ncW ‘;Xpetitions. fil ithentatics a r e tlie fivorito stu ly <»f Cap’. Fremont, botany his lavoiite receation; hut all tlie sister sciences come in for a share of his at tention, and 'lie languages, both ancient and modern, are not ueglecteJ, (Jrevk and Latin came with h s school rd ic.itio •. Fr'-nch and Spanish have been added, Gcnum is in a course of acquisition; and his whole life is divi ded between field labors and literarystud.es.— His life is n pattern, and It s success au encour agement, to all the noble minded ymi g n>e i of America, who, despising a hfo of slo It and eas”, asfiire to honorsIdc JistiucliOu by their own meritorious ex«ni<«i s. He is married to a daughter of .Senator Barton, hut looks to It s own exertions not to a iefintftrial influenc", I'oi- sdvancem6nt ami nr.un ition. Ifis wal^wed raolher lives to see the faiu •, ami t<» receive lire support of a son, lefi an orphan at four y-*» s jf age, and beginning at seve iteen to provide for himself, for lier, and fra younger brother and sister. •' A ' • '■ ‘" ,u Ca|4. Fremont is liglit and slend* r fh Ins per- jioh very yotithful in npp. amnee its well as m fact, delicate iu li s fen ures, and wholly d IF r- ent from w.iat would ho look dfor in tli . leader of such extend' d and U'lve turous exj) ditious. Mr. Wilk.' s, the Secretary uf War, rould Jiardlv Relieve b s .»wa i \ es when ill the fall of 1814, a msJcst liiokmg yoiitli, ahoost fcnii.due in the delicacy of his person and teatnres, jicuted before him, und reported himsef hs L'CUtonup* Fri'iiiniit. j isl ri.'lurHi'd from the ex- pjed-tion to Oregon and .North Califoruin. T6 too the leader ol swell an expedition, in the per son of such x stirppling, was a surprise from wliich tlie honoralda Secretary could rot ri*- CQVer liiins' Itj until after repealed intiTmg.i- lories. A. If. C. Wasliipgton, Nov-r20, 1^!5. During this time shu supported herself, .by sew tig, aud on r> sumiog her profession, tvsfc at once to the liigli' si point ol excellence.— She is now rapidly making a 1 irge fortune.— Her peculiarity lies in tho fineness to which sho CHti draw her u«,t* .% tliouglishe is an ad- m ruble artist in al! other particulars. I d d not, mystelf, fumy the razors edgu thinness to lier soprano, buliho tuidienqe, u keenly appre- yiaiive (pie, expressed thtir admiration in rup tures. She hates, England, Jam told, and Jins determined ikmw.40. sing tilery afid kite will probably te.-vey.go to America’. As'Qle Bull’s violin qopic^iV9'9iM>#'S4hlM.(tOtlfitry, however and is lemuikable for tlie -same fine-drawn nenetration into the impossible, you are puriial- ly cofiSnluTcd.-•” ' !! 1 ^‘r Too'much bumhwiwA'ihiji ik likely to be the peril, I rhlnky of > both >J£itny Lind and the Reformer lliamirf with-Iter;' The sovereign of the little t(’n‘ithry Jmto-Which the pretty Swede has come unwillingl^iio sing,■ took dier to the palace to lunch vvrtb him after the con cert, and her d -parture from' thg Csths in' the afternoon, was amid un assemblage of nit the people df rank and conseqiiehceN)f ; the place —lisky shooling. one would siippo^e, for her proposed retirement 1 with .airAibsCOre’’foVer. iii: ——Tnlkti-g of the Devil !—In passing dhrong'r Frankfirt again, on my "way to Wies baden, I went to See the famous ni mument of hts being 6lilwtitcd--tl , e'Sloh0ibird, that is to say, who stands upon his pedestal in the cen tre of the bridge over the Maine. The read ers of tbe >'irror mny not all k'rOw tint the ar chitect of this line bridge had the Devil's as sistance in buildingiv the contract Specifying that, in payment for the supernatural aid, the tempter shock! havo the first living being that should cross the bridge after it was finished. Ti e d Iliad ies of completing the uotk were great, but Satan turned out a good mason, and the time came to see whose stall was to he giv en himforiiis wages. The wily architect on the following morning drove over a cock !— Tlie sculptured effigy of the lost rooster has ever since stood upon the bridge, and (if he was an ambitious old cock) it maybe nil additional consolation that his likeness was adopted also, , as the crest of the city of Frankfort. To me tlie stono bird was interesting from having been placed over by Schiller's eye wltcn (a* is re corded in his biography) he- leaned over the bridge iu his days of boneless udvrisiry,’And .wondered which was the deeper, the stream or his unhappiness. •- • r " ,i; ft Mi—b hn Frpm the Alban.v (X.Y.) Argn» THE OREGON tEURlTORV^-TTS FUTURE PO. 6ITI0N W’JTll RESPECT TOTHE'CIVlLJZA- TIO,\,O.F ASIA. v>,-. No close ob-ei ver lias.failed,to.perceive the ltd even'frt the history <>f Her who claimed to be the m strfcss of the world. From tlie Baltimore Argas. - ADAMS AND RHETT. Willi some papers, and with some men, it is entirely out of the question for Mr. Adams to gtl into a controversy with any one, without coming oat of it entirely victorious. We du nut pul ourselves forward as the special chain- pioivof Mr.iRhet, for with him; personally, we. Itavei no i.cij aintahee. an! In reference to politics, thero is bctvvcon us on many questions, a barrier as lir*.ad ns the ocean. But tiofwi'h- stauding this, we are ithwili.ng that a gentle man, who has contributed as much as lie lias to the establishment of some uf the cardinal principles t>f the Democratic party, should be held up for condemnation upon the case as pre sented by many of the public prints. — the recommendation? The effect of placing Congress in opposition to the Executive would be disastrous to our- claim in Great Britain.— British Statesmen would see our position and take advantage ul it. We had received tlie ultimatum of Great Britain, and she had received ours, and as our claim was good and her’s a bad one, some new mode must be reached to settle the question.— We weakened our claim if we did hot give the notice, and regardless of consequences, he was forgiv-ng that at once. Mr. Cobb repudiated the idea that we should be compelled to give up any portion of the Ore gon if wo went to war-with England. Not a Briton would be left upon our soil if we engag ed a struggle with England. She would not come out of such a s’ruggle with safety if vve entered into a contest for our territory. We might suff .r by war, but we should never make peace whije there was a British flag upon any portion of the soil consecrated to American ] freedom. Hu was for doing his duty, come what might, and for sustaipiug.lhe Executive ia giving the notice at once. Mr. MeClernand followed in favor of the whole of Oregon, and with a speech accompa nied by map$ and statistics illustrating the im portance to os of the whole of the territory. Amidst some forty competitors, the floor was given to Mr. Giles, of Md., and at half past 0, the Committee rose and the House’ adjoun ed. In the i. enale, to-day, a brief but animated debate occurred on the joint resolution from the House of Representatives in relation to the erection of a monument to Washington by the National Monument-Association. Mr. Benton, tho debate wide!, is now going on ii/'theHoTsf ! " * £ 1 ^ (f Repre-cutativeS, Mr. Rlli-rt Alluded 1 to Mr. Adams as having voted against the last war.— This was ei mistake, and when we first read it, we were:surpris'd that a g mllerirm of Mr. RhettV acknowledged ability and intelligence should make such a o; e. As soon, hmvevftr, po cd the contemplated action of Congress on the subject, oTthu grounTtliat it was impolitic aud unwise to sancti n in any tvny/'offieiully, the conduct of this private monunleitt associa tion; and in the course of Ins remarks, made an tzposc of the management of their pflairs ,,, , , , , . „ , ,, thitherto, which, iri his dpiiiion,’ had not calcu- as Mr. Adams corrected him, he allowed the , , ■ , • - • K , ‘ »V; ri . i ■ i . . -i - ili la ted to inspire confidence. Dir. Dayton de- correction, and subsequently said, ill explana- I c , , , L . -4 , , r f, .. .. .. • . . 1 i • , - .i 1 feuded the resohuu n; which was finally reter- tion ol tins assertion, that it was made in the . , ,, ’ , ,, -.. ,.7, . , ,. , , . i- . . . . 1 ' red to the Comm ttee on tlie D.>tnet of Colum hurry of debate, a id in the excitement attend- | ,, . • ant thereon. Now, with some tne-', it happens that they always, when epcakiog do it iu au ardent Mnlnmrwtuous inHiittfcr, 1 au 1- pay but lit tle attention to the fu‘1 import of the words . they ase—they speak as it were underthe Ju ror brevis known to the criminal law. The furor brtvis has the capacity, in cases of Imin- ickle, to reduce a crime from the grade of mur der to the grade of manslaughter. This be'ng s<>, we wish to ku»\v if tiie same allowance is not to be made for things said in debate, under the same kind of excitement ? But Mi 1 . Rhett -made another as-e tiou, and went on to affirm that Mr Adams was opnosed to the late war.— This Mr Adams also eliarnc'crise’d ns u "mis take,” and subsequently as a “false cltatgC.” Tli's list matter constituted the basis of the recout verbid war, and f<01I1 re tdiiiglhc debate we ure yet unaldo to get at the full truth of t‘ e matter. Some of the coiirniuiticiitions of Ad ams were read during the debate, a. d any man who reads them wou'd infer, as MrRhett did infer, (for the assertion is b it a matter of infer- j euce at last,) that he was opposed to the iva', 1 would nave so as-erted und - *'■- hia. The bill to raise a regiment of niqu'ifed rifl'..- meu was tak- n up, read a third t ine, ami pass ed. The bill to pay the debt due by the, United States to Texas, ere Red by the d.-sunning of a body < f Texan troops, and the forcible entry in- to the custom-house at BryarJy’s Landing, on Ret R-'ver, by certain cii.zeris of the -Un-ted States, and taking away -Ibereftom the goo Is .- eizeil by the cplb-etor ot the customs ..s forfeit-. ed under the laws of Texas, was postpotipd. On motion of Mr. Al'011, it was re>oiveil, that o 1 Monday next a day,ho fix«d for the cons.d- cra ion < f ilio subject-inaitr r of 'In- joe.i resold- j tio.i anmiliiug t!.e convention of 1827. Aft'-r a s un t executive s ssioo, the Sein-te 1 a Ijmtrncd till Monday. In the Ilouse, a portion of tie morning 11.su- j ally :il!o-ted to hiisi-iess gcilpriil.y, was, tor the ! fust time in marly days, given op to t'oit r-lyeet. j A number of r ports Irwn commiilees were 1 nvule, amongst vyhcli wap: u|i;iropriation (ills by Mr. MvK 'V, chajrinaq of,tl^e.Cq.mmiUee of WaVs and Minin-\ for the army. 1 he 11 ivy, the or not, 11 manded. and they were ordered. The House decided by a veto of 118 to 57 that it was a privileged question, and Mr. Bay- ly proceeded in lii.s remarks in defence of Mr. Hoiss, and concluded by moving to lay the res olution on the table. Mr. Davis appealed to the gentleman from Virginia to withdraw his motion. He would ask him whether after having made a long speecli himself on the subject, it was courteous to make such a motion, depriving othets of the privilege lie had enjoyed, and whether buck a course was becoming to Virginia. Mr. Bayly, in a v< ry uncourteous manner, said that Virginians would judge for themselves what was becoming to her, and ho would not withdraw his notion. The yeas and nays were ordered on the mo tion to lay upon tho table, and it prevailed 101 to 85. The House then resolved itself into Cont- mittee of the Whole on the state of the Union. Mr. Tibbatts, of I\y., in.the chair, and the de bate upon the Oregon question was resumed. Mr. R. M. T. Hunter of Va. address'd the House in favot of Mr. Calhoun’s recommenda tion of a ‘-masterly inactivity” and in opposition to giving the notice. Mr. H. said he regretted very much that he d-flered with many of his po litical friends upon that floor with regard to the measures that if was proper to pursue in refer ence to this momentous subject. He was oppo sed to giving the notice as a peart measure, be cause if it was a peace measure it could only b£ 4>u£R*tfy' inducing Great Britain to offer to compromise with us on the49th paral’cl, which we .'qpbld not well refuse to accept, and thus we should lose one half of this magnificent and val uable territory, whereas by letting every thing remain in statu quo we should eventually ob tain tiie whole of it. As a tear measure he was equally . opposed to it. Mr. Hunter’s speecli was well delivered and was listened to wiih more attention than has been bestowed upon Oregon speeches fir n few days past, probably f om the fact of his being considered the pecu liar friend df Mr. Calhoun. Jolm Quincy Adams, in which he a d w 10 krm t "Ui !1 the immediate passage of a resolution 1 THE TELEGRAPH. cs e> « Tuesday, January 20, 1816. We shall be compel'ed to call upon the patrons of the, Teleg!Ufii to settle up all their dues, as our own accounts aro now diio for the la-t year, and it is impossible for us to extend that indulgence to our debtors wh cli is not grant'd to us by our creditors. We sinqerely hope that all who are indebt ed to us, either for subscription or advertising, will be ready to pity whe.t their accounts ate presented. COURESPONDK-VCK OF THE TELEGRAPH. and would Rave so as-terlcd unllT fie same . . - circumst megs. Iu a I tter written by Mr Ad- c v * .!{"'• 1 ,i: uepaiiment, a.id lor Uniih- ants in 181 J, to Mr Monroe, ltGsay§, ‘T kuojv Ci,t tin war would 'affect unfavorably tlie interests ol Rjssia. I kin-w it must be highly iijuri- ous to tlie United Stales and England. T could see no good as like to arise from it to any cine.” In a letter to Leavitt Harris, he says, “With a weak nul penurious Gqveriinieut, having three jiigates for a Navy, tuid five regiments for an army, what copld we expect bin dM«at anti d sgrace.” Now all, we have, got to say about this matter is, that jf Mr Adams did sus- t ti.11 the war, fie must have supported it very fey-bly whcii liis feelings were such us llie-e..— e care ni>t how loud he may have raised his voice in its favor, his feelings and his heart w«;re evidently against it. *• A we^k and penuriyus Government!” The battle of New Orleans is an answer to that. We do n'it think, ail tilings considered, that Mr. Adams has come out of lliis pat liamentary contest with drums ro’ling and banners tlvnig, nor that those who read the debale in foil will.lie ready to crown him with the laurels of the vicloi-. Well, it liav given biai au lie u fur bis diary, and pus- j terily wM learn something about the coinru- versy with ILiett, tpgp'her with how the tiinr- j moiucter stooiJ, ami from what point of ilie compass the «inds h ew on the 7th day uf Jan uary, 1S-10. (Inal Hobbr.ry.-—TmeUiuctuimti Allas says; We have seen a lettei from a-genth nian in Si. Louis to the M-irahul uf Cincinnati, dated the ,17th ult., and staling that- a robbery bad boon ciiuiiiii'leJ in the town o! L tin. Osago county, J 'spe'efirely, was laid over under tlie. rule. Mo., about 150 m lei lr«>ni >1. Louis, o| money ] A reshluiion of inquiry into tlie con litioa of a 1 nonnring i,> 17,0(1(1; 810,000 in one huodr d the N ivy, the iiiimhei- of steom vessels hi.-lqiig- duliar b.Hs on tlie bank id .Missouri—8S.OOO on flig thereto, numerical force, &-•. i5kc., was a- the dillereut haiAs in Wall sneer, and $5,000 doptcdl. in t< n and twenty dnllai* notes on tiie bank ul ; - j\I -. I Itidson, of Mass, asked leave to m ike a Missturj. - : •' - '• j pers "ial exfilanaiion. Leave was granted and v.\i.\ TiunT ; Mr ify .-eede J to reply to 11 u article iu tlie Some fiah rabsts think tliat Pemisylvaui 1 Union of Thursday night iu reftireuee40 some constantly growing inllucnce of.,the United $tat^s upon U»o governutyuts an< J institmions of Europe., . '^' • nu-.:.. .- en . • ’ iii ^.•itertqii. was cojon-a^d, by .Europe. For more than two,{l.uqdtjed. yqar^Jbe Atnviicap states wqre loqki'd ujion as (lie mere offshoots of’lliq ^urppcqij,system, depepdent upon Eu- nm;» upi. only Ipr the most ordinary nccessaiics of life, .but evi n. for the tone, of that public opinion which mo rids the laws and habits of u b itten. Those days have, passed. America now speaks to Europe. Her institutions begin to sway the tides wliich carry lurward the pro gress of tlie People in the old world. ... Europe is no longer the authority here. Tlie rule is rather reversed. America begins to occupy that position. Her vast production of all that ministers to the comforts of man must give her sway iu the commercial world. While Iter rem ifkublo progress in wealth, population and power, surpassing all the renlittes of the P.ist, am! the healthy and prosperous condition of the ldiaHng classes most.likewise give,her a prcpotuli rating political and socia* power. These circumstances have forced Europeans to deoply contenipl te tlm moral, political, and social advances, which liavc been steadily de veloping in (lie once wilderness of A nerica. Tiie remarkable position 0/ our Republic on the great qii&piuu of annexing a neiv naliup, brought oar country and Us institutions into the very preMmce of thousands who never b.d'mp heard of our Repub ic. Thus the gaze of tlip world lias been more fixed upo ■ the U. in d States during the last year than at any period ia Jier preyiqps. history. Tlie hold position of our country,pit.ibe Pregon question adds s.ill farther to lue surprise and wonder ul the giaui m arch of the.ppilpd Slates. | )|t -• Our Republic bus mow become to the aristo cracy of Europe, <1 startling reality. Tlie London Times, t>|8.. organ wf Eagl sb toryi-.ni, in, yif\y of <101- jirugriss towards tlie Pueilic Ocean, .is forced to nxq'aiin,, 1-lt is impusu hle to pi-rceive without fiorrbr, not utimixtal with adwiMite.lqpp.oftljie popjir jiuriy incite Uni., led States.” A.d ihis liorior is excited iu a toiy | 01 gau at the peaceful cqlouizathm of American justice reqn re it. A d wiien thii" P.-iiosyoa sct'Jerfl upon the w l Is of C-l fornia and Ure- i uiaus are eoaVinc d of tt.ese ihiims, llieii tlj.-y Ron* Jsucli, (hen is the position of tla» United willsubmii 10 sr(ch iriihn.ige as ‘is r. q jired-— 1 Mr. Gayrct Jjavis off red a resolution-'to the States with resjiecl lo.Eurajie—never hfglier, Pe msylcduix is tins'-key stomj’ oftiA* ’demo- I effect that wh-Vwis, John P. IL.-iss 01m of the iieverimowr^'.mvp-ff <^|‘b r 'bfte.tV'HVrt'i ri i-oteJ for W.-isliiugton'and fiif ! j»rt .iQs ..f this U m.«- had «-hn...-d c' ’ ■. May not tlie •«- ^ ... nut J! iT 1 ..v-tev* IKf.^UCT.T mt WP ^ flneuco upon i the Dregon rvgion iu r eri t to the A-Jd it’c Stiilet, ami iu climste j only oace. a .-mall m.ijoiitjr ,,f h< r voteis The debate on the jrnnl resolution of notice to terminate the convention in relation to On g »u, was then resumed in Couimit'ee of the Whale ou the state of tho Uaioo. ; A fu'l aecoont of the proceedings there w-dl l»e found under die appmprate head.— Wash. Union, 6th inst. Satukdav, January 10. SENATE. The Senate did wot fit to-day- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. Holmes, from the ,Committee on Naval Affairs, reported.a, hill to regulate the appoint ment of officers in the Un ted Slates revenue ntarite and for oilier purposes. Tiie bill pro vides that Captains and Lieutenants shall he appointed by the President, t<y ami with the advice and eotisent of Senafe, and all inferior officers by the Secretary of the Treasury. It was read tu-ice, relerred t>» the Committee of the Whole, and ordered to be priu'ed. Mr. Dromgoole, of Va., reported a bill'to provide for tbe settlement of tlie claims of ibA State of Virginia, on tlie general govet iiin'-iit, which was read twice, referred to the Cournii- tceoftlic Whole, and ordered to be prited, to gether with a report from the Committee of Ways and Means up m tlie same subject made at ilteJ^st session'. A resolution calling upon the Secretary of the Treasury, for infot iuatiou as to the balance of inoiioys in the Treasury, where deposited, and the security given by tlie depositories rc- fv'iijf jiot ia .... of oj-Jer to play tetiya mir H aueim.niur ra, 0 f ? nt !9 l1 »au fro n 'Mass, was iu orjer, ^(((1 l)Jr. Hudson pt;o- 11 ip hisjremaiks. Jetapniii uriW rt. ijlll * • . m’ -ft fi rifWtidti'rth'; shu ydted for Wasliiugtou aWd fur j,niftier* jJfftyM U -a Imd ,-h nged Cnarles ie mind justly autidpute i a Jikeiu- every republican PresWeat from that 1 time tu j RpJS'RJi, 4 'uemher of this Huup-, with faise- Asia, nltimat- Iy«ma«atiug 6out > this, with-a'single exception : and then she j hood, in soittu rema'-ks made by him to debate, egion/ In extent Oregon is not whigged it by a * I' w votes. For once', ouJ ’then-fore resolved, tliat the said John P. IIoLs Mr. E. L;i Sen-. (Deni.) lias been eleet'-d to Congress from the.ftrsi Cong esshmui DUtricX • 1 Louisiana, in jif.ee uf JLion. John Slolell, xerigncd.A . _ , 1 , ' . . I and so I t i-t 1 ui less Ihvur d. Mr. f'li-luuj Xbos described k—"In snjioificial extent it-is nearly 40(1000 square miles, and about equal in extent to llib original ihirteen UHlted Sta es. This region is washed frith four great rivers flowing into tlie mm, wnh many valuable bar- lies in 11.S more norr.eriy parr, and unsurpass ed (ikbartes—u region possessed of n midi and temperate climate, c ipuble of pasuiriii" cattle the whole winter, web]'wooded, and with nrieii were (lecdve.l du ring tfu- iteiablu iianl eider [ canqiaign, when more ar.teut sjiiiits, more in mey fur base purposis. aud more w died ! prooiis s '.veie us' d, thaii were t-ver sd u*eJ hefure. But the lesson and dei-ejniou a re le- membtued with Aiifio.v, a 1 d tiiev cuun ,1 he re peated. Pennsylvania will in >iii'ai'i Ir jr jiolit- ical integrity, whatever may be d tie with tiie tariff and whoever thinks ctlierwisu Luibors a vain Ii-vic.—Calumbiun lltgisicr. lie d sj; larguj from tlie office of printer to tlie Mouse of Rejuvsciitaiives. Mr. Davis claimed the reev|itiuu of liis icsol itiou us a privileged quest tei. Mr. B »y)y, of Yu. and others■(.-•jjqted t<» the resolution being considered a p.ii,v ( jfeged ques tion. Mr, Garret Davis cnth tidal tint it was a privileged question, imd proceeded to give Ins reasons, when he was called to orJcr by Mr. McOoiinell,, wdio staled his point of- order, Wasiii gtox Citv, Jan. 7tb, IS 16. The Inti <1 ys he ng fairly over, the Congress Ins fairly got to work, 11 ltd as their first busi ness they have plunged r glit into the most 1 xci- ting and interesting sulject, which ( xcepling the discussion o 1 the Tat-.ff,) is expected to arise dur iig the jiresciit ses-iou—they have fairly embarked iu the discussion of the Oregon qucsti -n. Tin' l» Its for the admission of Tex as as a State—to < xtend tlie laws of the U. S. over Tex <s—aud to create a Codeelioti Dis trict for tlie receipt of Customs Duri- s were all reported, and acted uj»"ii »v th the utmost pronJjftitnd-j in both Houses, having passed into laws with the least possible delay. Having done this, lire Western ipaen thought it was time to have Oregon on the tapis and accordingly it has been un th.- carpet in both the Senate and House of Representatives. In the Senate there has been only an inciden- tal dismission. Mr. Hannegan of Jidiana in troduced a scries'tof resolutions affirming the right of the U. S. to tlie whole of Oregon to 54 5 40i and declaring that the Government had uj right to cede away any portion of it. As amendments to tlicsc, Mr. Calhoun the follow- ing day introdueed a series of rcso'u'ions, de- clariiig that the President had tlie jiower with the advice and consent if tlie Senate to make treaties—that tlie power to make treaties inclu ded that to lefllft,boiimiaricr and of course that in a question of a disputed lulu tbe matter might be Cnmjiromised—one <>f the resolutions a'so approved of the oB*er of the 49rh degree by Mr. Polk last summer. Oa offering these resolu tions Mr. Callu|ia declared that lie bad come to the Senate to preserve peace if peace could be honorably preserved ; that lie believed this matter could be tattled by negotiation ; but if it could not, then be was for adopting such measures as should throw the onus u? hostili ties upon Great Britain. Upon this some de bate ensued and there was soma sharp shoot ing. but the resolutions and amendments wire fin illy laid on the table to be called up when the Comtn ttee on Foreign Relations should re port on the'snbjoct of Oregon, if. In tho House however matters have taken a more decjjid course, though as yet there arc not sufficient indications to enable one to judge positively of what will be the result there. Tne debate in this b idy ulso sprung up originally on an inci^lpmal question though it has since taken, a more d stinct shape. Mr. Haralson of your State had reported a bill oil Friday last to raise two regiments of riflemen front the Committee ou Military Affairs of which he is Chairman, and moved its reference to the Com mittee of the Whole, tin I also that it !>.- made tlie special order for the same day with the hill reported by tiie Cotniq ttpu oa Territories re specting Oregon. Tne latter nftrtit'iit of this motion was not debatable,-but the morion t<> re- f 1 was; an i upon this incidental motion the whole question of Oregon was brought into the debate, wliich was signalized almost at its very conimeoef-nje't by a speech from ex President nate the Joint Convention with Great B by givi-g 12 months’ notice, and tliat w es | 10 then proceed to occupy the whole territo U to oF 40', mid by force if uecessarv. speech coming as it did lrom one \v] 10 ] Pj " copied the high positions which Mr. Adam ^ held, and directly after—within 3 davs-lq* Calhoun had defined his position in f aVor f> peace, naturally attracted much attention' ^ caused much excitement. Tiie debate .1^ opened was continued through the day and following one, and on Monday theChairm * tlie Committee on Foreign Relations,Mr. C J Ingersoll, reported a joint resolution io gi Ve ^ twelve months’ notice to Great Britain moved to refer it to the Committee of i), Whole and make it the special order of 'bed for the first Monday iu February. On ^ question Mr. Giddings of Ohio obtained floor und made a speech avowing his deter®, nation to vote for the notice with the idea thy it would produce a war, annex Canada, H„ t Brunswick, Nova Scotia, &c., and carry d c , 0 latioii and destruction to the South—her i n : er ests and institutions. The debate on this m 0 tion to refer continued on Monday and jester day, when the House, to enable it to proceed with other business, referred the iesolutiom 0 the Committee of the Whole, but refu.e4 t0 make it the special order, so that after an ho< r spent in receiving reports of Committeea, fa the house goes into Committ' c of the Whole' and discusses this question. Already haveser! oral highly important and able speeches |ie ei made on both sides, and it is probable that tb- debate will be prolonged for two or three vetb at the least. The eagerness with which this discussion was entered upon—the incidental qaejtjon which was seized hold of to introduce it—and tho determination to discuss it now, and not de lay it until the first of February—all show how deep is the interest felt iu this matter, and it may easily be conceived that men’s mindsirt now in a state of great excitement ami amiefw and very desstrous of fathoming if possible what is to be the result. Mr. Calhoun and those who think with him, are opposed to giv ing the mtice regarding it as a war measure and convinced that “a wise and masterly inac. tivity” is the true policy of the United St4« and that which w II give us dll of the territory wlnle it war will endang'-r the poss< s-ion ofaay part of it, Mr. Rheit of S. C., Mr. Yancey of Ala., and Mr. Caleb B. Smith of Jnd. have all ma le able speeches in favor of this view of the question and in opposition to giving the no- lice, while .Mr, C. J. Iiig--rs(>JI of I’a., Mr. Bui’- lass of III.; Mr. B ker of III., Mr. IJIli.rJ.f Ala , have made spoi-cltes on the other siilr, hts'drs several others who have spoken cnthis subject. At this moment there is great unc-t- Iu nty as to the course which will l»» pursued Many, very many, are of tlm opinion that tin notice will pass both Houses. Others arcuf ) the opi i n that it wiri pass the House aid be arrested in tlu Senate: while there are oil others who th nk it c moot command a majority in eitherilluuse. The probability, I tnke.il, is that it will nt least jiass the House, but that it m iv not pas* the Senate, though it isgen-ntl’t thought that u c<insideralile influence may b« exerU d by thp next advjoes byn| Englaad wlfch will tie rl'e in a fuj-tniglii from now. It becomes al] however at entirely to consid er th s question and the consequences which may ensue, and to preparing as (hr as possihla fir such conseqeuces as may resujt troutll» measures we may adopt. It'war can b: avoid ed with honor, it is surely not fi>r us:te rush in to one. Co s dor the loss and d.'S'.ructijn aud desol ilii'ii which it will cause-—the possible, nay probable, loss iof the object in dispute—'-h* immense expense it will incur—the debt fffill impose—the enormous taxation it jyiil nnler necessary—and most of all the corraptiun it will engt-iider; and il is a fact tliat »r* r strenglluens the monarchist principle!** whV* weakens the republican principles of Govern ment, These are mutters which deserve and should receive scrioue, calm, arid considerate deliberation. No haste should be tlisplnyc* 1 ! trud nocures wisely adopted should be vigo rously and efficaciously carried out by the utl1 * ted strerig'h of the nation. I believe that if a war be absolutely nccctiJ* ry there would be few or none in the U. S. wh® would be opposed to it, or who would not gt ye it their hearty support, but there is oae consid* eration which should have great weight in cau sing caution to be exercised in tho adoption any measure which may havo a leniency t° produce tr war. Tli3t oi.e consideration, i s d*- fact that a war would impose a debt open 113 which would render a high tariff perpetual " The South and west have long groaned U ^ the burdens of iniquitous legislation on th £ iU ject of taxation, and they should beifar® ^ they incur expenses or adopt measure* * 1,5 tviil enable the advocates of a higu tarii* achieve their object, and perpetuate u0t< |j 3 tlie jiresent, but a much wor-e tar;t) tl' al1 present. And this brings me to say that the Cu n,ml tee of Ways and Means have called up' 111 . f Secretitrv of tlie Treasury to furnish d ,etn a tilan of a revenue titrifl’ itccordiho. ,0 1 r .T IjU'* vi tv.s, ar.d the Secretary 's now ven prep;;ring that jilait, kit ring cuffed hero • kU!l ^ offii-ers of the customs from various P 0113 . 11 is give I.jm i formation on the sul j'-C 1 - 1 Iv pn-sumalile that Mr. Walker will carry the principles of his report, and thus far 11 '’' 1 ^ committee with a Free ’1 rade Tarifl - 1 in wtdeh duties shall be laid to raise t‘ u , iilone. 'J'he com nittee to be sure is nai ^ to rejrtwt t<> t' e HuusC the pi n thp ‘--t- may furi'i -li, but t rev surely wi-l uot ve ^ ^ aFit.-r sucii a free trade tariff ns he ,!,a J iff! '1 so tis to in. a prolrpive tat. least we camiot ect, and iyhat W® > ‘ l tit f or