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jjy SAM'I' J- RAY.
tiieH
rFOBGIA TELEGRAPH
is PUBLISHED
VEKV Tl’ESDAS 3IOBSISO
BV SAMUEL J. BAY.
TERMS.
r .l c paper b advance, per annum. *2 50.
V „,ner ilifoutinueJ. except at the option of tbe
»,wL!ier until .U srre.rage. are paid.
.TctnTHWMTJ at the regular charge, will be $1
ti*r> or/rw. for the Brat insertion, and
for each .absequent continuance.
* , ,. Mrl by the year will be contracted with on
*1, ””11 Via; cxpreialy understood that con-
advert iaiuc. relate only to the immrrfi-
buiUieaa of tho individual or partiea
JS^SX^SSSST ‘• r "‘
ttf&sszzr** -
yv B. Sale* of Lands, by Administrators, Ex-
Jwri or OuarJiana, are requited bylaw, to be held
Tncadav in the month, between the hours
Jfi ia the forenoon, and 3 in the afternoon, at the
r n House in the County in which tho Land w aitu-
"V Solicit of tlicae sale* niuat be given in a public
lloite*aitrr hats previoua to the day of sale,
salaaof SegboEs nmat he made at a public auction
ha fost Tuesday of the month, between the uaual
Hanot aale. at the place of public aalea iu the County
hrre the Letter* Testamentary. of Admiuiatration
„ ooardianahip. may have been granted, firat giving
„ D ,n notice thereof, in one of tho public gaaettea
J} to, giatr, and at the door of the Court Houae. where
Mrh aalea are to be held.
Volire for the aale of Pcrnonal Property muat be giv-
w ‘ia like manner rottTtr daya previoua to tho day of
Satire to the Debtori and Creditor* of an citate muat
V onblisficd lORTr daya.
Sotice that application will be made to the Court of
dHiaarv for leave to aell Lawn, muat be publiahcd for
- ARACTER is as XECK»AU\ to A STATE AS TO a PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL., AND THE GLORY OF A STATE IS THE COJDION PROPERTY OF ALL ITS CITIZENS.”
MACON, GA., TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 19, 1847.
' Notice for leave to aell Negroes muat be publiahcd
ir'ror* nonths, before any order abaoluto ahaU bo
aide thereon by the Court.
rrriTiuaa for Lctteri of Adrainiatration, muat bo
uhliihcd Tinnrv pats—for diaraiaaion from adminia-
niioa, monthly six vo a Tit a—for diamiaaiou from
fiaudjmahip. rotiTY daw.
linn for the forecloanre of Mortgago muat ho pub-
Ued aosrm.T for four months—for eatabliahing
Jad papers, for the run. sfacf. of three months—for
mapelline titles from Executor* or Adminiatratora,
that a Bom! haa hocn given by tho deceased, the
nil SPAra of THREE MONTHS.
rahlirationa will alwaya be continued nccording to
tV'«r Ircal requirement*. unleaa otlierwiac ordered.
••All letter* directed tnthia Office ortho Editor on
IsuMMUnast be post PAID, to inaure attentjnu.
Hubert A. Allen,
Factor and Commission Merchant,
Ito. 11*3, .tap Street, Savannah, tin.
, Will attend atrietly to the storage and anle
(.if Colton. Com, Flour, and other Produce, and
‘will make liberal cash advances on goods con-
iv'jcil to bis House.
hthnneet—Mr. Jnmea A. Nisbct,) •
E. B. Weed. I \r aran
J. H. R. Washington, ( Maco *'
Graves, Wood A Co. J
Dye A Robertson, Augusta.
Brsimn A Youne, Marietta.
Dr. George F. Pierce, Sparta.
jaly n <t—ly
•if
HEI.DEX & CO’S
wholesale and retail hat and cap
• EMPORIUM.
.$• CAP ESTABLISHMENT.*^
£” street, leave to announce to the pub-
are “? w recei ’ in K.directfromTHUR mvx
Manufactory, a large and well selected stock of
. . .IIATS A3YD CAPS.
Consisting in part of men's and hoy's
/to Fashionable Black and Drab Beaver Hats
do do Ho Nutria do
do do do Silk do
do do do Brush do
do do do Cassimer do
do do do plain Russia do
n fa • . do Angola do
Broad Bran Block and Drab Beaver do
do do do Brash do
do do do plain Russia do
,, I f .« do do Cassimer do
Men's Pearl Sporting Hats
do Ashland do
do Tampico do
do Knickerbocker do
do Black Glased do
A bireeassortment of Men's and Boy’s Black and
Draii WOOL HA TS, of every description.
Men a and Boy's prem. Otter Caps a splendid article
do do fine Fur Capa, new style
do fine Nutria do
do Muskrat do
do fine Cloth do every variety of pat'
do Navy do with cov ers
do oil silk do
do Glazed do
Infant's Fancy do
Together w'ith every other description of Hat* and
Cara now extaut.
Possessing facilities for obtaining their supplies, e-
quailed by no other establialunent in this section of
Georgia, and surpassed by none in the State, and de
leting their exclusive attention to the Hat business,
the subacribera arc prepared to aell every article in
their line at the lowest prices, and to warrant giving
satisfaction to their customers. Purchasers are re
spectfully invited to call and examine their stock and
prices. BELDKN A CO.
Store in Mulberry at. sign of the Mammoth Hat.
ang 31 f9
do
do
do
do
do
do
OREGON HOL'SE-illacou, Ga.
Tho subscriber returns Ids sincere thanks
; :iii to liia numerous friends and the public, for the
SVjJ very liberal encouragement extended to him
since the opening of the above Hotel. 8nndrv im
provements have been, and others arc being made, for
the better accommodation of tho travelling public.
The Oregon House is situated near the head of
Cotton Avenue, in a high and healthy part of the city,
and within five minutes walk of the Macon and West-
cm Rail Rood Depot—from and to which the baggage
of customers will be conveyed gratis.
While soliciting their custom, he pledges himself to
spare no means to' givo satisfaction to those who call
upon him. • M. BARTLETT.
Macon, Go.. August 18*7.
»ug 3 *3—tf
Peter J. Williams
HAS taken tho WASHINTON HALL, and
Biiil requests a continuance of public patronage.
Macon. Dec. 8,1846. ll—tf
Plantation,Stock ami Corn for Sale.
t Tlie subscriber offers for aale. his'
PLANTATION, lying on the Road
from Macon to Perry, twenty miles
icon. There arc nine hundred acres; and
about six hundred open—all the open land is in excel
lent order for cultivation—a good proportion is fresh
aud the balance much improved by manuring—all the
fields arc under a good fence.
He will nlao sell at Christmas, on the place, a large
crop of Com and Fodder, nud Oats. Also, stock of
i Hogs and Cattle, Mules, Horses, Wagous, and plau-
J ration Tools and implements.
The Plantation ran he seen by application to my
John Jones & Son,
1 (LATE JUNES A IIOI.T.) TF1 „nm- nr
< Warehouse A Commission Wcrebant*, j () vor»Jcr,Mr.il A Mi IIC k) on “tie‘plaeeTIIr to me
MACON. GA. ! at this place. K. A. NISHF.T.
i place.
Mnron. Sept. 7, 1847.
SO—tf
| Warehouse and Otninission Bnsi- j Vuiustblc Lands for Sale.
IJ **.<.*•• _ / rtgj THE subacriber offers for sale his valuable
a lU'HCH A GUNN having taken the Ware- ' nr. axtatio v aiinsu nn the m,i» ...*1 lead-
Oil Second street, trmerly occupied by | inglrom Mnccuto Tallahassee, Florida, three miles
titsxa WtUiiX, tender their services to their , from Vienna, Dooly county, Ga., containing in all, tie-
Srmli end the public, tor the sai.k AND storage or | ven Hundred Acres, one'hundred and thirty acres of
t'ortax Asn KERCH iXDtEE generally. | which are in very good and neat repair. Attached is
l.iScral advances in rash will at all times be made a complete .Mill Site, and the frame of a good mill rear-
| at Cotton or Com in store, or on shipments to their j ine up to suit any purchaser. Also, the Cora, Fodder,
frcuJ, ia anv of the Atlantic ports. Their best efforts ; an.l Stock ofHo.'s, Cattle, Ac., with an abundance of
sv nleJtrd io promote the interest* of their patrons; j Provisions of all kinds; na well as all necessary out-
i ill litre rrspeetfuUv solicit tho patronage of their old , liouses. This place is thought to lie number one for
ksab and tlio public. the travciug interest to and from Florida. Tliose wlio
gU| Prom the London Spectator.
Antnriie Exploration.
S . c !. I!rr,,I . c EtrLoit.iTtox, a Voyage of Ditcocery
and Jtctearch in the Son them and Ant artie Reriont,
dnnng the yean 1839-43. By Captain Sir /asses
Clark Bams. R. N_ Knight, D.C. L. Oxon, F. R. 8,
Ac. With plates, maps, and wood cots. In 2 volumes.
In 1838 the British Association for the advance
ment of Science, passed some resolutions on the
importance of having a simultaneous series of mag.
netic observations; and suggested tho localities in
which they should be made, as well as tho points
to which attention should be directed. Tho re
gions pointed out by the resolutions as fitted for
stations were Canada, St. Helena, Van Dicinan’a
Land, and Mauritius, or the Cape of Good Hope:
tho desirableness of having similar observations
made “in the high southern latitudes between the
meridians of New Holland and Cape Horn,” was
also suggested. Tho points to be regarded in the
magnetic observations were the “three elements
of horizontal direction, dip, and intensity, or their
theoretical equivalents, as also their hourly chan
ges, and, on appointed days, their momentary
fluctuations.’! A committee was appointed to
press the sutgoet upon the Government; and the
President and Council of the Royal Society (the
ncknowledned advisora of Government in matters
of science) haying strenuously supported the views
of the Association, the undertaking was resolved
upon. At the same time it was considered that
Antartic exploration might be combined with
magnetical observation. Two vessels were ac
cordingly fitted np with all the precautions and
provisions necessary for a voyage in those high
southern latitudes, and placed under command of
Sir Janies Ross. His leading instructions were to
land the observers and their instruments at St.
Helena, the Cape, and Van Dieman’e Laud; to es
tablish himself for certain periods at certain places
in the Southern Seas, to carry on the magnetic ob
servations on shore; and in the intervals of time to
endeavor to penetrate towards the south magnetic
pole, or to pursue such other objects of discovery
as should seem best in his discretion.
Besides making the passage out aud home, with
occasional visits to New Zealand, Van Diemen’s
Land, and New South Wales, Sir James Ross re
mained some time at the Falkland Islands and St.
Martin’s Cove, in the immediate vicinity of Cape
Horn, for the purposes of scientific observation, or
to refit His most interesting voyages, however,
were three in uumber, and ull directed towards
high southern latitudes. Iu the first, skirting the
more eastern discoveries of Bellany made in 1839.*
Sir James Ross penetrated beyond the 78th de
gree of south latitude; discovered a seeming conti
nent, (laid down on the latest maps as Victoria
Land.I. and traced it from the 70th to the 79th de
gree of latitude. Ho was then stopped by a per-
>endicular barrier of ice from 150 to 300 feet in
might; and of course above the mast-heads of the
vessels, so that nothing could be distinctly seen
beyond it except iu one place, nor could it be
reached. This barrier too was examiued, as well
as the difficulties and the season allowed; the posi
tion of the magnetic polo was determined :*d ap
proached within 160 miles. A spot was sought
where the expedition might winter, and attempt
an overland expedition iu the spring to “plant the
national flag” on the south magnetic pole, as Sir
James had previously done upon the north: but
the approach of winter, tbe formation of ice on tbe
sea, and tlie manner in which loose pieces quickly
became a congealed mass, compelled the expedi
tion to return. This voyage was made in oar
northern winter of 1840-41, the summer of the
southern hemisphere. As far as mere distance
goes, the explorers penetrated about seven de
grees beyond Cook’s furthest, and about three de
grees and a half beyond Weddell in 1833.
Such progress was not made but under favora
ble circumstances both of accident and season.—
In latitude 66° 55' they encountered a “pack,”
through which they bad to force their way for up
wards of two hundred miles; but after that the
MOIITON N. BURCH.
WILLIAM GUNN.
Uaoui, Jana 59, 1847. 40
Warehouse ami ('otuiuis-siou Busi
ness.
£7'"\ THE siibssriber will coiitiunc to carry on
(■mfoi- al«v« liusinessat the Fire I’mior Wahk-
*•* 7il Hi)fsB on Cotton Avenue, where be wiUaflbrd
i. ill* s'.ual firilities to planter* nail others in the
•:«:c of Cotton mil auy other kimls of country pro-
!*•*, (suit, Ar. Tlio warehouse is a* safe from dan-
If Ire as say other in the State, and rouveuient
wita business part of tho city. All orders from hi*
oaisscn will meet with prompt attention.
1 N. OUSLEY.
«|"0U. Juno 5*. 18t7. 39—tljan
I Warehouse ant! Commission Busi
ness.
B THE utnlersiitncd having become sole pro
prietor of tho new FIRE PROOF WARE
HOUSE occupied the past season by Drsox
I tKiraisosox, bos* leave to inform tlie public, that
•hiMMciiteil with him in business Mr. JOSEPH
I COOPER, and Mr. WILLIAM M. ROBERTS.
ability and experience eutitle them to the
osi Irai-f'of the people. Ho therefore hopes to share
•■wril |n(mus;c, as well as maintain the confidence
jriHol. All orders will receive prompt attention, and
•ml AbVtxcES made on Cottox in store.
„ THOMAS DYSON,
“won. July 13, 1847 nag 3 4-V—tf
wish good land and water, would do well to call and
see. Thomas Haobt, at Macon, Ga., can give some
udbrmat'on of these premises.
wn.LiAM mcdaniel.
UjS^Tlie Federal Union will insert the above nntil
forbid, and forward the account to W. McD.
Vienna, Dooly county, Dec. 29,1846. 14—tf
Jlnst Received by Strong & Wood,
A splendid assortment of Spring A Summer
HATS, of the latest styles, via:
30 dozen Gentlemen's Panama Hats, assorted
13 do. Gentlemen’s Pedal do.
do. Double Brim Lceora Hats
do. Single Brim Lcclioru do.
do. Swiss do. do.
Men's Palm Leaf do.
Boys' Pedal do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
| 51 E. B. Bivess.] |Dr. H. J. Rotai.l.
ItlVBKH A- BOYALt,
Srttr.EOX Dextists—Savannah, (la.
’ Office North East comer of St. Julian
* w *®d Market Square.
1 »cpt t 50—ly
Denial Card.
The mulersigned respectfully acknow-
. lcds-e the receipt of mauy urgent appli-
- ^ rations for an imnicdiato return to our
I tin* 1 ™* >n Macon, aud would aincercly ten-
"r ums oar best thank* for former kindness and pat-
Z~‘ f ' Mating diet present engagements in the un-
jT?necessarily detain u* until about the 15th
| " October next.
LOMBARD A PUTNAM.
JVlt 51—tf
R- Rlakk,] [Thomas P. Smith.
BLAKE cV SMITH,
V *JT0R.\1ES AT LA W.—MACON, GA.
t ii'L attend to all professional business entrust-
— ■ •« their care, in Bibb and tbe surrounding
13, 1847. »y
Medirnl Copsirtncrsliip,
l)^ BOON A STROIIECKER have formed a
c tH ^na*„Uip fo die practice of Medicine and
I **■ Dr B. left »t lii* office or residence
I .'■if’W’ w iU meet with prompt attention.
<so\i-£, S ' “*? i*® found during the day. at hi* office
ktoTf^e^tore ofMesar*. Strong A Wood, ami at
die Floyd House. J. R. BOON.
H tf E. X. STROIIECKER
»r*. J. m. aY II. K. Green
tkeir office from String A Wood's
•ia, Sf* budding, to the corner opposite tho Mcdt-
^ j'Mrit. and adjoining Mr. Poe's residence.
, Dr. Robert M. Patterson
H jBIQ permanently located in tin's place, ten-
Istmalj• Professional services to the citizen* of
vicinity. Ho ho pea that by prompt at-
O ir to merit a abare of public patronage,
j^rllii office ia on Second atreet, in tho building
jJ^JfJxeapied by the Macon Messenger.
Ra B M*Rffiader E. Hamersly,
Jj n *5®; sjd Hair Dresser, (late of tho AsUir
| uki,—** B *™« r Shop, baa opened a Simp) in tho
Hall Building!, fronting on Mulberry
»ir kf,rriU ha at all time* ready to receive
d".™ Wanda and the public.
-£22^ 28. l*«r. 1 43
'■III
U «on CIstrk—Attorney at Law,
aat.niro in Mac.'V. in tb* Second
» Brick House on Cotton Avenue, op-
•t ill A Taylor'*, where he may be found
001 upon tho Circuit. Ho proposes
the adjoi uinij Countiei tm buhinc#* mr.y
B®«. *5.181*. # 13—tf
AT LAW. Cro
will practice
H &)h. k 'tL Ch »««>RA-r io,
Seprein* Court at (
50 do. do. Palm Leaf do.
Alao, 3 cases Gent*’ Fine Drab Beaver Hats
4 do. do. do. black do. do.
4 do. do. do. Moleskin do.
With a general assortment of other atyle of Hats,
sneli as men’s broad brim Black, White and Drab, and
fashionable Fur a.«l 8ilk, of various qualities and pri
ce*. Also, a fiae lot of Gentlemen’* and Boy's Cars,
of all atyies and qualities and price*. AH of which are
offered at very low price*.march 30
Copartnership Notice.
ALBERT MIX having associated
ft with him in this city, Mn. Entases'
Kiktlasd, will continue the buainesa at hi* old
stand, under the firm and atyle of MIX A KIRT-
LAND. They will at all times keep on hand, a full
supply of the best and most fashionable stock of goods
in their line. The former patron* of the late firm of
Whiting A Mix. together with purchaser* and die
public cencriillv, Arc respectfully invited to call and
examine their stock. Our SHOES and BOOTS are
fresh, of the best materials anil workmnndhip, and we
pledge ourselves that nothiug shall be wanting on
our part, to please all those wlss anav favor u* with
their patronage. MIX A JCIRTLAND.
Macon, 31st May, 1847. . *
N. B.—Mu. E. Kirtlaxd is dnly authorised to re
ceive sad receipt for all monies due the late firm of
Whiting A Mix, during my abacncc from the State.
j„„ e i 36 ALBERT MIX.
Fifty cases Hats anti Caps.
FINE Beaver Ilata at •» 00
AD Cashmere do 1 50
Broad Brim do l 25 to 83 00
Panama and Leghorn JIat*
Palin Leaf Hat* at ial cent*
Sporting Capa, new
Sale and Livery Stable,
THE undersigned respectfully
inform their friends and the pnbhr,
that they have opened a STABLE^
, for tlie purpose of doing a SAL*. AND 1.1-
VERY BUSINESS, and respectfully solicit a (hare
of public patronage. Their Stable* are connected with
thcFLoru House, and every attention will bo paid
to customer*, in order to give general
Their Stables are large, new and commodious. witn
fine LoU and every convewence. Peraona wouW do
well to give us a call. J. HAWKINS.
Macon, April 21, 18I6»
39—tf
Accommodation Stable,
THE sabacriber has erected n
tew and commodious STABLK iu
the rear of hia »torc f on Chcny*at.*a_
.ad the public arc invitcdUgve him
Maron. Sept. 15,1848. 51 ~ tf -
Taiiorinff Establishment.
TTBETElt A JAUJSTETTEIl hare just received
JT and now offer for sale at the lowest cash prices, a
new and splendid stock of Goods in their line, constat-
ingoffioe Knclish and French Cloths. CaraHneree^
Vestines, Ac. suitable lor Gentlemen a
which they are prepared to make to order m the most
foshfonabfe style, and at the shortest notice,
sept 38
lWnetin Slitiving StlloOU-
A I.BEHT COLLINS, Barber A HAiR-DWtaaW.
/V 1,as removed to the tenement on cecond ^ in
next diKir to Messrs. Shotwell A Gilbert s and nearly
oppoaito the Flovd House, where he ia prepared to
re,Vive ill.- ,'alK "I hi? i iistotaara and thepohoeganer-
aily. rill AVI NO, 11AIRDRESSINO,
and SHAM-
PoblNG done in the latest and roost approved style,
r «,lies who « re in the habit of using Odjon the.r
will add greatly tolls Imaft and smoothness by baa-
m„ shampooed nt least once n niouMi l.a.ius
ill he waile
at their residences.
Macon, Oct. 8th, IP
Pl.
in tin
, MrnRAT
•oanties of
IB, and *1-
32—ly
F.
3 ly
Gonflcincn’s Gaiters.
UST received Gentlemen's colored and Mack f a?-
e Oailer*, and for sale by
MIX A KIRTLAND-
ly. r.U»* •>ul il*4* —*ipw*itW
comparatively easy tfll they approached the re
gion “where, iu a season of the year equivalent to
August iu England, the thermometer was at 13°
and ut noon did not rise above 14°,” tuid the pre
sence of icicle* alone gave the idea that it ever
thawed. We aav comparatively, because the na
vigation was *till beset by tbo difficulties inci
dental to those high latitudes; icebergs crowding
the ocean and involving incessant caution, for fogs
and snow storms often turned the day into night;
, passage bad sometimes to be made through
„ewly formed ice, by cutting a way or rolling the
ships’ boats upon the mass; and at one of tbe worst
points of tho voyage, “tho waves, as they broko
over tlie ships, froze as they fell on tbe decks and
rigging, and covered our clothe* with a thick coat
ing of ice, so that the people anffered eeverely du
ring Ihe continuance of the gale,” although before
the middle of the southern August. Kolhiug, in
fnct, but the previous experience of the comman
der and some of hia people, with tbe extraordinary
preparation of bis ships, enabled tho navigators to
take advantage of the favorable circumstances in
which they found themselves.
The second voyage, made with the object of fol
lowing out the previous discoverie,, was less suc
cessful; but tlie perseverance equally great, the
hardships and danger very ranch greater. They
tnadu but 30 miles in one week, even before cros
sing the Antartic circle, on account of a calm, a
fog, and snow-storm*. They were entangled at an
early period in a pack of ice, wheuce they never
emerged for a thousand miles; but sometimes forc
ed a way through it, when the wind served and
the ice permitted; sometimes drifted with it back
wards or forwards as the pack itself was swayed
by the Antarctic storms; sometime* stood to and
fro in a apace of open water, or made a Jittle way,
each vessel fastened to the opposite aides of a floor
of ice, to avoid accident* or parting company.—
Yet, though nothing waa done as regards actunl
discovery, the nautical maxim of pushing on to the
very last, illustrated in a remarkable manner the
importance of not yielding to difficulties:
“The setting-in of the whiter now required us to
bring our operations in the higher southern lati
tude* to a close, and seek a more temperate cli
mate in which to pass the wiutcr. And although
our hopes of extended discoveries during the sea
son had been frustrated by our protracted aud te
dious detention in tho pack, and the difficulties or
penetrating a miiM of more than a thousand miles
in thickness bad been overcome by the persever
ance and exertions of my companions, still the time
that was consumed in that laborious aud fatiguing
work left us only a few days of the worst part of
the season to pursue our purpose. \\ e had, how
ever, during that brief space attained a somewhat
higher latitude than last year: we hnd traced the
continuation of the barrier [of ice] ten degrees or
longitude further to the eastward, and had exten-
ded'our researches over a large portion of the hith
erto unexplored parts of those regions ; an amount
of success which, whilst struggling in tho pack,
few of us could have anticipated.’'
The third voyage only penetrated to 71° 30' on
the same parallel as Weddell’s. (10°to80°of west
longitude,) when a pack of ice aud the advanced
season prevented all efforts to proceed further.
As close and extensive a survey as ibd weather
and that region permits had previously been ot the
Shetland group, latitude about 62° to 64° and west
longitude 50° to 70°, including Graham Land, and
the Terre Louis rhillippe. discovered by D Urville.
In voyages of this kind the firat object is scieii-
tific facta, and an accurate report of them; which,
of course, somewhat interferes with popular attrao
tiveness. The soundings of the ocean, its temper
ature at different depths, tho observation of cur
rents. the bearings of objects, tbe vanation of the
magnet, and the iniuute detail of other facts and
phenomena, however interesting and suggestive to
the geographer, (and they are highly so,) have on
ly an occasional attraction for the public at large,
a,i\ :r,*. Ti.-'rv - “t C',':r>,,. < ;., 1 r>’,. ;
sometimes terrific danger, as when a collision took
E lacc between the ships close upon an iceberg, and
fe hung upon tlie accidents of a moment; or tbo
vessels, embayed in a pack dnring a gale, which
forced the masses of ice against or over each other
drove helplessly about with damaged rudders; and
nothing could be dune but to hold on and wait the
end. Some of the scien'ific facts are curious; and
through the reports of the proper officcra on tho
botany, geology, &c. miy rather encumber the
narrative; they give variety, and often contain bits
of generally interesting description. An idea of
these topics, however, is better conveyed by ex
tracts than by critical account.
Variatioxs or the Magnet ox Srore Here,
[St. Helena] as invariably on all volcanic islands, it
was found quite impossible to obtain correct meas
ures of the magnetic elements, by reason of the
laree amount or the disturbing influence of tho rock
itself. So powerful indeed was it in this particular
iustance, that, even at the distance at which our
ships were anchored, it produced such anomalies
in the results of our observation for the deviation
of dip, variation, and intensity, as to mask tho or
dinary effects of the ship’s iron. The comparisons
of our magnetic instruments were just as unsatis
factory ; tor no two places could be found, howev
er near to or distant from each other, where accor
dant results could bo obtained even with tho same
instrument. The importance, therefore, of St. He-
lena as a magnetic station, will bo manifested
more by the detection of the momentary, irregular,
and secular changes, than liy absolute determina
tions ; and for meteorological purposes it conuot
fail to be of essential advantage.
Magnetic Dir: Exderrt Island.—By tbe25th
the instruments were oil fixed and adjusted ; and
we had tlie satisfaction of finding, duriug three
days' preliminary observations, that the foundation
remained perfectly steady, and the results were
most satisfactory.
The term-day observations were made on tbe
28th; and afforded, as we afterwards found, a most
interesting comparison with those made at the
Kossbnuk observatory, Van Diemen's Land, show
ing the same instantaneous movements of tho in
struments as occur in the northern regions; and
thus our principal purpose of coming here was ful,
filled to our wishcH.
Hourly and additional observations agreed upon
before we raised from Hobart Town were contin
ued until we had obtained seven days of uninter
rupted results when we considered the magneto-
while their continual repetition, winch is an abso
lute necessity, interferes with die narrative and
flatters as well as suspends it. The formality and
retinue of official responsibility increase lengthi-
ncss by tbe detail prescribed and the formal com-
plimeuta apparently required. Notwithstanding,
these necessary drawbacks, the volumes before us
are in the main attractive even to general rcaaera
There is the excitement attached to voyages of dis
covery, and the interest attending hardships borne
and dangers and difficulties overcome. Tho An-
tartic scenery is rather enumerated than described,
fofthe style of tho book i» somewhat literal ; but
still it is there. The enormous icebergs studding
the ocean—the still ice-fields stretching away in
every direction, or clashing and grinding under
the influence of the stonii-then.ountams CiMdW
eternal iee, and the wintry desolation of the frozen
“'“Sda* and wild, best with perpctn.l storm,
Of whirlwind and dire lmil, which on hnn land
Thaw s not, but gathers heap, • r
arc all indicated to the reader in the narratno ot
•Bellamy Islands, in about Istito,
164 east.
metric operations complete: the absolute determi
nations were next to be attended to; but iu these
we fuuud very considerable difficulty. Tbe place
proved to be a most remarkable corroboration of
what I have already said respecting the uncertainty
and iuaccuracy of magnetic observations made on
land. In our course from Van Diemen’s Laud we
found a gradual increase of dip, in exact proportion
to the distance which we sailed during each day
towards these islands, from which we would de
termine with very great accuracy the amouut of
dip due to their geographical position; but die
first observations wo obtained here gave us too
small a dip by more than two degrees. The cause
I of course immediately attributed to local attrac
tion, nnd directed observations to be made at sev
eral different stations. At a position only thirty
yards distaut Ciom die first station, the dip, with
the same instrument, was found to be nine degrees
in error. The rocks at this point had a peculiar
ferruginous appearance; and on presenting some
ol them to a delicate compass they turned it round
as swifdy as the hand could move; and, moreover,
were found to possess a powerful degree of polari
ty, tbe north aud south pole of the iragmcnl* de
pending entirely upon tho direction in which they
were found lying with reference to the magnetic
meridian. Thoy were not, however, loose stonos,
as those of a beach, but taken from the laminated
rocks of which the land consists; so that wo may
esteem the whole mats to be one great magnet.
Mr. Smith, whom I entrusted with this service,
liarbor; alTof which aro recorded, and will prove
an useful Icssou to niaguetic observers. At tlio
point where he hail placed the magnetometers
we found the dip accordant with our computations,
but this was purely accideutal. The dip obtaiued
from observations on board the Erebus, sufficient
ly removed from tlie pernicious influence of the
land, was that upon which we were obliged tode-
peud, and was probably very near tbo trolh; and
the variation at these two places also accorded
very nearly.
Visionart Appeara-vces op Land.—A remark,
able appearance oflaud was reported in the eve
ning, aud, continuing for many hour* without any
alteration of figure, several of the officera imagined
it was really land they saw. assuming the appear
ance of many pointed hills perfectly covered with
snow, and so calculated to deceive the inexperi
enced eye that, hnd we been prevented proceeding
further, they would doubtless have asserted, ou
our return to England, that we had discovered land
in this position. This appearance of laud was,
however, nothing more than the upper part of a
cloud, marking, by a well-defined but irregular
line, the limit to which vapor can ascend in these
latitudes. Below is vapor in every degree of con
densation ; above, the clear cold space which va
por can never attain. It is always near the margin
of the ice that these appearances ol land are most
remarkable and most deceptive. It proved a uso
ful lesson to some of our new bands, who could
not be persuaded it was uot land until we had ac
tually passed over tbe place of their baseless moun
tains.
Evening Prospect of Victoria Land.—It was
a beautifully clear evening, and we had a most eu-
chauting view of the two mnguificent ranges of
mountains, whose lofty peaks, perfectly covered
with eternal snow, rose to elevations varying from
seven to ten thousand feet above tbe level of the
ocean. Tho glacier* that filled their intervening
valleys, and which descended from near the moun
tain summits, projected in many places several
miles into the sea, aud terminated in lofty perpen
dicular cliffs. In a few places the rocks broke
through their iev covering, by which alone we
could bo assured that laud formed the nucleus of
this to appearance enormous iceberg.
Iceberg Islaxd.—Whilst measuring some an
gles for the survey, an island I had not before no
nce appeared, which I waa quite sure was not to
be seen two or three hours previously. It was a-
bove one hundred feet high, and nearly tho whole
of the summit and eastern side perfectly free from
snow. I was much surprised at the circumstance;
and, on calling the attention of some of tho officers
to it,oue of them remarked that a large berg, which
had been an object of observation before, had dis
appeared, or rather had turned over unperceived
by u», and presented a new surface, covered with
earth and stones, so exactly like an island that no
thing but landing on it could have convinced us to
tbe contrary, had not its appearance been so sat
isfactorily explained; and, moreover on more care
ful observation, a slight rolling motion was still
perceptible.
The Ict Barrier.—As we approached the land
under all studding sails, we perceived a low white
line extending from its eastern extruine point ns
far as the eye could discern to tho eastward. It
presented nn extraordinary appearance, gradually
increasing in height as we got near to it, and pro
ving at length to oe a perpendicular clifl’of iee, be
tween one hundred aud fifty nnd two hundred feet
abovo the level of tlie sea, perfectly flat and level
nt the top, nnd without auy fissures or promonto
ries on its even seaward face. What was beyond
it we could not imagine: for, being much higher
than our masthead, we could uot see any thing ex
cept the summit of a lofty range of mountains ex
tending to the southward as far as the seventy-oiuth
degree of latitude. These mountains, being tho
southernmost land.liitherto discovered, I felt great
satisfaction in lmmiug after Captain William Ed
ward I’crrv, R. N., in grateful remembrance of
the honor ho conferred on me by calling the north
ernmost known land on the globe by my name.
• • • Meeting with such mi obstruction waa
a great disappointment to ns all; for we had al
ready iu expectation passed far beyond the eighti
eth degree, and had even appointed a rendezvous
there, in case of the ships accidentally separating.
It was, however, an obstruction of such a character
as to leave uo doubt upon my mind as to our future
proceedings; for we might with eoual chance ot
taecean try to sail through tlie cliffs of Dover as
pcnctrnto such a mass. Whcu within three or
four miles of this remarkable object, we altered
our course to the eastward tor tho purpose of do-
termining its extent, and not without the hope that |
it mi-ht still lead us much further to the southward.
The whole coast here from tho western extreme
point now presented a similar vertical clifl’of ice,
about two or three hundred feet high.
Facts on Sound.—Although the fog was very
thick all night, nud the wind light from the N. E.,
yet we contrived to keep company by firing mus-
». f.7 and loarirade W sounding the gong, or ringing the bell; and
had thus an opportanfty ofjudging the relatit e vsi
ne of these three methods usually employed as fog-
siguals.
To us the bell was most distinct, and tlie gong
YCiy little inferior, when the musket was scarcely
audible; but I was much surprised nt this time, on
hailing through a speaking-trumpet, to receive an
immediate and so clear au answer from the officer
of the watch of the Terror that we might have car
ried on a conversation.
Storm in an Ice-Pack.—Atnine P. M. the wind
suddenly freshened to a violent gale from the north
ward, compelling us to reduce our rails to a close-
reefed maintop-anil and storm staysails, tho sea
J ptiekly rising to a fearful height, breaking over the
oftiest bergs, we were unable any longer to hold
our ground, but were driven into the heavy pack
under our lee. Soon after midnight our ships were
involved in an ocean of rolling fragments of ice,
hard as floating rocks of granite, which were dash
ed against them by the waves with so much vio
lence that their masts quivered ns if they would
fall at every successive blow ; and the destruction
of the ships seemed inevitable from the tremendous
shocks they received. By backiug and filling the
sails, wo endeavored to avoid collision with the
larger masses; but this was not always possible.—
In tho early part of the storm the rudder ot the
Erebus was so much damaged as to bo no longer
of any use; and about the same tirnel was inform
ed by signal that the Terror’s waa completely de
stroyed, and nearly tom away from the stern post.
We had hoped that, as we drifted deeper into the
pack, we should get beyond the reach of tho tem
pest; but in this we were mistaken. Hour pass
ed away after hour without the least mitigation of
[he awful circumstances in which we were placed;
indeed, there seemed to be but little probability of
our ships holding together much longer, so frequeut
nnd violent were the shocks they sustained. The
loud crashing noise of the straining and working of
the timbers und decks, as she was driven agatast
some of the heavier pieces, which nil the activity
and exertions of our people could not prevent, was
sufficient to fill the stoutest heart, that was not
supported by trust in Him who controls all events,
with dismay; and I should commit tm net of injus
tice to my companions if I did not express my ad
miration of their conduct jon this trying occasion;
throughout a period of twenty-eight hours, during
any one of which there appeared to be very little
hope that we should live to see another, tlio cool
ness, steady obedience, and untiring exertions of
each individualwere every way worthy of British
The storm gained its height at 2 P. U., when
the barometer slood at 28 40 inches, and after that
time began to rise. Although we had been forced
many miles deeper into the pack, we could not per
ceive tlmt tho swell hud at ull subsided—our ships
still rolliug aud groaning amidst the heavy frag
ments ol crushing bergs, over which the ocean roll
ed its mountainous waves, throwing huge masses
one upon another, and then again burying them deep
beneath its foaming waters, dashing and grinding
them together with fearful violence. The awful
grandeur of such a scene cau neither be imagined
nor described, l'ar less can the feelings of tliose
who witnessed it be understood. Each of ns se
cured our hold, waiting tho issue with resignation
to the will of Him who alone could preserve ns aud
bring us safely through this extreme danger; watch
ing tvith breathless anxiety the effect of each suc
ceeding collision and tlie vibrations of the tottering
masts, expecting every moment to see them give
way without our haviug tho power to inako tm ef
fort to save them.
Although the force of the wind had somewhat
diminished by 4 P. M., yet the squalls came on
with unabated violence, laying tlie ship over on
her broadside, aud threateiiing to blow the storm-
sail to pieces—fortunately they were quite new,
or they never could liave withstood such terrific
gusts. At this time the Terror was so close to us
that when she rose to the top of oue wave the Ere
bus was on the top of that next to the leeward of
her, the deep chasm between them tilled with
t, , -j - UImq UWU a*«w t-Ut|/0 UkOLtUULU
into the hollow between the waves the maintop-
sail-yard of each could be seeu just level with the
crest of the intervening wave from tho deck of the
other. From this some idea may be formed of the
height of the waves, as well as of the perilous situ
ation of our ships. The night now began to draw
in aud cast its gloomy umutle over the appalling
Kcence, rendering our condition if possible more
hopeless and helpless than before; but atmiduight
the snow, which had beeu falllug thickly from the
westward, aud the swell began to subside; and,
although the shocks our ships still sustained were
such that must have destroyed any ordinary vessel
iu less tliau five minutes, ” yet they were feeble
compared with thoso to which we had been expos-
ud, nnd our utiuds became mure at ease for their
ultimate safety.
The last Plants: Cockburn Isle.—Vegeta
tion could uot bo traced above tho conspicuous
ledge of rocks witli which the whole island is girt
at fourteen hundred feet elevation. The lichens
ascended the highest. The singular nature of this
flora must bo viewed in connexion with the soil
aud climate, than which perhaps none cau be more
unfriendly to vegetable life. Tbe form of tlie isle
admits of no shelter: its rocks are volcanic aud ve
ry hard, sometimes compact, but more frequently
vesicular. A steep stony bank descends from the
above mentioued ledge to the beach, aud to it tho
plants arc almost limited. Tlie slope itself is cov
ered with loose iraginent of rock, the debris of the
cliff above, further broken up by frost, and ice
bound toadeptii which there was no opportunity
of ascertaining; for on the day the island was visit
ed the superficial masses alone were slightly loos-
cued by tbe sun’s rays. Thus the plauts are con
fined to an id must iucessantly frozen locality nnd
a particularly barreu soil, liable to shift at every
partial thaw. During nearly thoeutire year, even
during the summer weeks, which the expedition
spent in sight of Cockburn Island, it was constant
ly covered with snow. Fortunately the ships oc
cupied a position that permitted of landing on al
most the only day when it was practicable to form
a collection. The vegetation of so low a degree of
latitude might be supposed to remain torpid ex
cept for a few days in the year, when, if the
warmth were genial, and a short period of grow
ing weather took place, the plants would receive
on extraordinary stimulus; but, far from such being
the case, the effect of the sun’s rays, when they
momentarily appear, is only prejudicial to vegeta
tion. The black aud porous stones quickly part
with their moisture, aud the lccauora and tilva con
sequently become so crisp and parched that they
crumble into fragments when on attempt is made
remove them.
Fall Sown Onts.
M. W. Thillips. Esq., of Mississippi, through the
Columbia (S. C.) Advocate, gives “Sumpter” of
the Alabama Tlauter, tlie Mississippi plan for fall
sown oats. Mr. F. says—
I am this day (2d September) preparing to sow
oats, and although too fate to benefit Sumter aud
his readers tlie present year, yet they will have
time to examine and to provide seed. For fall
sown oats, we uso tlio Egyptian oat, a heavy white
oat. I have sown from 3 peeks to 16 pecks per
acre—have ploughed them in—have ploughed and
harrowed them in—have ploughed and brushed
them in, and have sown them wiihout either one.
If cotton land bo sown to oats, no need to plough-
A friend of miue in Madison county, Mississippi,
was cradling his oats in ’46, when I" called on turn
—100 acres ploughed in, 100 acres sown on the
land. Ho is a native of this State, au excellent
man and planter, and assured me the latter were t ho
best. If stubble land bo sown in oats. I would
advise shallow ploughing, and a subsoil plough to
follow, laud being previously well drained, sow
down not less than oue and a half bushels per acre,
and brush them in. The brush levels tbe laud
breaks the clods and turf, ami presses seed into
the earth—none are covered too deep aud time
now is money—it is more expeditious
Egyptian oats sown in September or October,
if not allowed to joint before cold weather, cannot
be killed by any of oar wintry weather—will ripen
earlier, and make more grain. If the fall is favora
ble, thero will be some danger of the oats jointing;
prevent this by grnziug with your cattle, horses,
logs, sheep—but keep yonr yonng colit clear of the
green oaU.
The oat is a better food for horses tliau com is.
As we feed oats iu tlie South, they are barely “to
make out with.” If good land bo selected, or thin
laud tnadq good with manure, there is uo kind of
doubt but what the oat would he a God-send to
our horses and mules by feeding thrashed out, or
by cuttiug only tlie heads up, with a cutting knife.
Com ismoro costly ns food for horses, not only in
the making, but also in tlie feediug. A horse fed
to oats the year round, might live 20 or 30 years ,
but if fed to com, he will uot go much beyond the
half of it—com acting like high steam ou horses, or
the steam boiler.
“Sumter” is right in all he says about the value
of the oat, the advantage of fall-sowingand the ben,
efit to laud. Thero are many excellent planters
who are averse to planting oats; they urge it to be
an exhauster. So are all the white crops, and so
would bo peas, beans, potatoes, &c., if all managed
alike. Corn, (one of the white crops,) when plan
ted, is stripped of its blades, and the ear taken, the
stalk is left with the grass and weeds, and probably
cow peas. But with the oat, straw aud all ia re-
moved—“cut low, you black villain, so as to get
idl the oats”—aud then the land is grazed until the
earth is clean enough for boys to shoot marbles on.
I have soen the remarks of planters about plough
ing the oat land, low and hard. I am this day
ploughing stubble land, the stubbles about 12 or
over,
and
Prettt Evasion—A very elegant lady was
lately walking in one of the streets of Paris, lean-
iug on the arm of a gentleman. A tall and saucy
looking beggar was observed to walk close behiud
them, with his eye on an exquisite lace-trimed
haukerchief which the lady held carelessly in her
hand. The beggar took his oportuuitv to dexter
ously whip the pretty trifle out of the lady’s hand,
nud was about making off with it, wheu n passer
by, who had seen the inovemeut, raised the cry of
“stop thief;’’ thertreetwas too crowded for the
culprit to tbiuk of escaping’ but as the crowd be-
an to radiate towards him ho drew himself up at
;;irst into a vety indignant attitude, blew his nose
with the haukerchief;and then suddenly subsiding
into a low bow, he presented it to the lady, with an
apology for haviug borrowed it, as he chanced to
leave hiso wn at home.-
In one of Moliere’s exquisite extravnganzas, be
tween his acts, is it sceue betwixt a man and a bear,
who has caught him in his arms. Tbo man tries
every expedieut he can think of to make the bear
considerate; and among others, flatters him in a
most excessive manner, calling him at last liis Royal
Highness. The bear, however, whom we are to
fancy all this while on his hind legs, locking the man
with horrible indifference in the face, and dancing
him from side to side in its heavy shutfle, is not at all
to be diverted from his dining purposes; and he is
about to act accordingly, when hunters come up nud
tako off his attention. Up springs the man into n
tree; and with the cruelty of mortified vanity (to
think of all the base adulation he has been pouring
forth) the first words he utters respecting his Royal
Highness are, “Shoot him.”
Wc love a beautiful lip. Especially do we lovo
one of the nectarine kind—one of a morcllo-cherry
color, that swells out with a beautiful round curva
ture, pouts like a rose-bod. and almost leads the
bees astray bv its promise of sweetness. Heavens!
what a rich flavor hangs about such lips! Imagi
nation cun conceive nothing more delicious than kis
sing them. Yet it is sad to think that these same
lips are too often but the “gateways of pork, beans
and codfish!”
r'JJ- ‘I might have been promoted ninny times,
but for this drink,” said an old soldier. ‘I waa
once mode Corporal, but it was only for three days; w .
they took tbe stripe- from my arm. and laid them rnteeD miles distaut, for
on my back.’ 1 J — *" n ‘
18 inches high, and grass pretty generally all c
although the field has been fed off to hogs
sheep. But understand—the object was to feed
stock; therefore the land was not over stocked ;
3 sheep and 2 hogs per acre, with full half food be
sides. Some folks feed stock as if they could eat
the red hills.
If every plantation had about 5 ncres of oats per
hand, you would see liue hogs and mules. The
oats come into play about the 10th of June, deci
dedly the worst timo for hogs. If there was an
acre of oats to every 6 head of pigs and shouts, wa
ter to spare, their pigs, &c„ would reach the fall in
fine condition.
Tbe great objection to oats is,< they come iu at a
time when cotton requires every exertion. Here,
cotton is more apt to be grassy in June than any
ti^me previous. But the time so much lost is in
binding tlie oats into sheaves. This I do not. I
l^iJWi^k\^Sb v ^Je^Vo:iheybhmgyerf
ironetotake the easiest way, and cuttingiiigh is us
aborious ns cuttiug very low. If the planter could,
he ought to sow cow-peas with oats; they will ve
getate iu the spring, but the out being of a more
rapid vegetation shades the peas, aud prevents
their growth. With spring grain 1 know they will
cover the earth before frost. With winter grain
peas might be sown in February or March, by ope
ning furrows 6 feet distant nnd sowing about oue-
third of a peck per acre. The first rain will cover
them and the injury by furrow will not be kuown.
Some of your readers will remember haviug soen
grain drilled in your good town, by old Mr. Ran
dolph, about 20 years ago, or over—the product
was reported to be greater than by sowing broad
cast. 1 have peas about 12 to 13 inches high, from
sowing iu oats field in July—my mutton sheep eat
ing up my first crop.
Bonnets: "By tlie Sad Hen IVarc.a
BY CALDER CAMPBELL.
I.
What of the Sen, today? What of the Sea?
Briui;eth it news from some untrodden shore.
An echo of the dying whirlwind’s roar?
A batter’d bough, rent from a riven tree.
To tell of by-gone tempests? Still, to me.
Is Ocean fraught with messages, the core
Of human hearts to thrill with fear—uo more.
Though storms may rave, yet must its billows be
The rolling hearse that bears to some far strand
' A lifeless freight, or shipwreck'd cone, or hark
Shstter’d, dead bin!, or branch! Yea, still to land
The Sea brings back Earth’s Dead—Life’s soulless
ark!
But Jesus, through the waves, above the dark.
Up-bears the sinking Christian in bis Saviour-hand.
It.
Yet—nor the Sea, nor Life, are always bearers
Of death-wan passengers—of sin-blind guests:
Both have their blessed ventures—faithful breasts
In home-returning vessels—safe wayfarers
Amid strong surges!—Let us then be sharers
Of cheerful hopes—what time the ocean wrests
Oar thoughts from shore. AU God's bright world
attests
That, though its inmates are the freqnent wearer*
Of raiment, dyed in sweat, and blood, and pain—
Life hath not death but, life, for goal!—and so
We should not drop our tears of hopeless woe
On the corpse-canying coursers of the main.
But smile to see it—knowing it to be
A type of Life and of Eternity!
Pa** it Along.—Yes; pass it along, whether
you believe it or not—that one sided whisper against
the character of a virtuous female. You ray you
don’t believe it, but you will use your influence to
bear up the false report, aud pass ft on the enrrent
Strange creatures are mankind! IIow many rep
utations have been lost by a surtniso! How many
hearts have bled at a whisper ! How many benev
olent deeds have been chilled by the shrug of a
shoulder! How many individuals hrve been shunn
ed by a gentle mysterious hint! How many chaste
bosoms liave been mng with gricfbyu single word!
How many early graves have been dug by a false
report! Yet you will pass tho slander along; yon
will keep it above tho waters by a wag of your
tongue, when you might sink it forever! Destroy
the passiou for telling a tale, we pray you. Li-p net
a word that may injure the character of another.—
If the female has erred, forgive her and forgive the
past. She has wounds enough without the fang of
slander’s tongue. Be determined to listen to no
story that is repeated to tlie injury of another, and
as far as you ar& concerned tho slander will die.
ry Wnlnw Smachpipes rays that the fellers what
hang about the otnuerbushes nt the exchange, nnd
aro all the timo pestering the wiinin folks to ride,
haiut got no understanding with tlie drivers, ns a
body would think they had from tlioir fornrdness,
for she never 'ceptcd their convitation, nnd took a
ride without having to out pus and pay they fare.
The fust time the.-o fellers axed her io git in nnd
take n ride, she hail four of Miss Snubbs’ children
with her, and maybe it didn’t pull hard on three ie-
vy when she como to pay!
Mexican Runners.—It is frequently asked, how
is it that rumors of all the Mexican battles have
generally reached us three or four days in advance
of any authentic intelligence of them. The fact is
certainly 8o: witness Monterey, Buena Vista, Ccr-
ra Gordo, aud lastly, Churubasco! We cannot elu
cidate the mystery except by supposing—as in
deed wo have heard—that the old race of runners
iause among the Montezuma* still exist, and i? se
cretly used to carry expresses. In the time of the
Aztec empire, news was transmitted by these run
ners at (lie rate of one hundred miles a day- This
kind of express indeed is common to all rude na
tions. Wo believe that even in England runners
continued in use among some of tlie noble families
so late as the last century; for we think we have
heard that a certain Duke of Lauderdale, expecting
a large party to dinner one day, und his Steward
finding at breakfast, that there were not spoons
enough, sent off his runners to one of his seals, sew
rnteeD mjles di-tunt. for a supply, aud that the
man returned in time.—Phil. Bn!'-tie
From the Southern Cultivator.
Plnmmiot: BeOnomj.— A Plun Lot Improv
ing Land).
Mr. Editor:—1 have been planting fouriooa
years. When I first commenced, I fortunately
po-sessed good fresh laud, aud by close yutoutioa
to business, made excellent crops of botH*coru and
cotton. During all this time, I have manured more
or less every year, with nothing like system in iny
operations, however. The oousoqttenco has beou
tho gradual but perceptible deterioration of mr
lend, and I now find I must either “go to Texas, 1 ’
or adopt some course of improvement that w ill on-
able me to live in this m v (‘father land ” and edu
cate my children, of whom, like mu.-t poor men, I
have a goodly number around me, with a prospeot
of a “tow more of the same sort” indue season.
My exjwrience bus taught me, that in a planting
community like ours, it is utterly impracticable to
manure to any great extent with compost and barn
yard manures, atnl here lime and marl is not to be
thought of. Under these ciacnmstances I fre
quently ask myself. “What shall I do!” As I have
ties that i find" it ti.tii - di m ^vesk, I am determin
ed to hold ou a while longer, nud try and repair
damages, which I propose to doeftertbe following
method, unless some ono of your older and mute
experienced correspondent , will suggest a bettor,
or present objections to this suflicient to cause its
abandonment.
I shall divide my plantation into throe equal di
visions as near as practicable, designating thorn
Nos. 1,2. nud 3.
No. I, I will plant iu corn, applying all my cot
tonseed as manure, nnd work iu the usual niauuer
At the second plowing, I will plant iu pens. Oa
the third aud last plowing I will sow it down iu
tlie same, broadcast, after the practice of the Hon.
John C. Calhoun, at the rate ot a half crone bushel
to tho acre. This division I propose to devote ex
clusively nnd unchangeably to corn for ten year*
or more, unless I find tho theory of DeCuudolle and
others iu regard to the cxcremcntitious matter of
plauts be true, iu which case I shall change, uot
otherwise. Asa matter of course I th:iil"gntii«r
my corn and seed peas off the field; but to givo the
vines an opportunity of maturing and shedding
their leaves, I shall defer pasturing until after frost.
No. 2. I will plant in cotton fur two successive
years, applying each year to tho poor ami galled
spots all the composts, barn-yard, nud othor mail
ures I can possibly make.
No. 3 I will sow it down in oats. About tlio first
of July or when they become thoroughly ripe, I
shall strip the herd* off as many os I wish for seed
or food, aller the practice of that excellent planter,
Col. I. N. Williams, of Darlington District, leaving
the straw or stubble upon the field. So soon us the
stripping is over, I will turn iu my lious only, and
pasture uutil the first of September or luter. This
will put in my hogs in fine order to reap the bene
fits of my pea-fields, or to commence fattening to
kill. The second year I shall lay off this field the
usual width forcottou, and plant in peas about the
first of May orso soon as I am done planting cotton;
give them an occasional working as may be conve
nient, and I shall have, if seasoimble, nn abundant
crop both of peas nnd vines, which will furnish mo
with a rich contof vegetable matter, and leave tlie
field clean, and iu fine coudition for the ensuing
crop of cotton. After this I shall adopt the sumo
course with number two as above described for
the uumber three, and for uumber three as describ
ed for uumber two, that is, I will plant one divis-
ioniu cotton two years, and tlie other in oats or
peas. This practice I shall follow as long as i find
it to be profitable.
Now, Mr. Editor, for the advantages of this gys-'
tem. In tbe first place, it is easy of adoption, nnd
within the powerol every man, however weak hi*
laboring force may be. Secondly, the laud must
uot only yield better crops, but must be vastly in
creased infertility, from the fact that number two
and three will each have in yonr year* two heavy
coats of vcgetablo matter, first tmts, next pea*, to
ffie frogs are moved From the onti pasture. Thirdly
I will be enabled to raise more and better hogs by
this than by the old practice with which, while
feeding for the slaughter pen, I can make n vast
deal of the very best manure for tho galled spot*
in the cotton fields. Fourthly, the land will trot
wash for two years, in which they are sown ivl
oats or peas Fifthly by pasturing with hogs cnly
theurain of tho oats will be cous-umed, while tho
stubbles will be left to rot upon the ground. Any
other of our domestic animals would consume :bo
whole of it, from its exceeding fineness and easy
digestibility, hence the difference between this
and wheat or rye stubble, aud hence the reason/
(erroneous I think) why oats are considered an
oxliausting crop.
I will here remark, Mr. Editor, that I do not
iroposc to turn under the oats or peas while green 1
lecauso it will, in the first place, interfere too
much with other indispensable planting opera
tions; iu the second, I do pot believe the benefit*
will pay for the trouble, concurring as 1 do in Dr.
Dana’s opinion, that “dry plauts givo tnoro gome
than green "
If the pea be, what I believe it to be, the clover'
of the South; if it possesses any thing like the fertil
izing properties ascribed to it by Dr. Philips, J<v
thro and others of your correspondents, will it lie'
unreasonable in me to hope that before tlio expire
tion of five years, 1 shall reap an increased pro
duct of fifty percent from my lands, besides in»
creasing Ihe lauds themselves in value to the same
extent. I will here remark that number oue be
ing near my bnru and stables will, with its stalks,
constitute a rich mine from which I can draw ma
terial for my lots, bciug weU calculated from thoir
porous character to absorb mid rctaiu tho liquid
lortion of tho manure, whfclrconstitutes eaaeutial-
y its essence; moreover, preserving tho balance of
justice between the coru and cotton.-_
My conviction ia sure that with patience and per
severance, combined with a moderate degree of
science, that almost any farm originally strong,
can be reclaimed. I have myself witn -used tiro
fact, and the agricultural papers bring to our no
tice, almost daily, Distances of the kiud among our
frugal and industrious Northern neighbors. Why
ill not we of tho South “go and do likewise?”
Virginia. North and South Carolin, and Georgia,
unquestionably at otto time, constituted tlie gar
den spot of the American Union, situated eu3t and
south of the Blue Ridge, aud embracing au ora of
upwards of two hundred thousand Square miles—
healthy, with a few local exceptions, in al iu parts,
combiiiiuing the temperature of tho tropics with
that of middle Europe, and producing abundance,
almost without labor, of every thing calculated to
administer to the comfort and luxury of man—a
land of promise to all—to its own denizen* “over
flowing with milk nnd honey.” Bui what is it
now? Look around nnd behold the evidences of
tbe sloth and degeneracy of our couuti vmeii Tho
ruthless hand of the destroyer has been here, thero
everywhere. Tho magnificent forest*; once the
pride, tlio glory aud ornament of oar country, have
fallen before the unsparing axe of the woodman,
aud iuetead of bright fields of waving corn greet
ing the eye of the passer by, the heart sickens with
loathing aud disgust, at beholding those once proud
old hills, now rearing their bare and blasted form*
around us, as if Omnipotence himself bad curved'
the land with the curse of Idumea, “Edom shall he
a dcuolnte wilderness." Gloomy as is this picture
it contains more troth than fiction. Yet I- do not'
despair. Light is breaking in upon our people.—
They are beginning tolenru though late, that all
the tabled abundance of the West will not com
pensate for tbo discomforts of a new lioinr, and tlie
severance of old and long cherished ties. Tlio'
fickle goddess, too, lias frowned upon many of
her friends, who woed her embraces in thut El
Daradnot the imagination, tho b°uotlless valley of
the groat Mississippi, nnd they are k-nrro! of trust--
iugto her noilc lest she jilt them too. This fuel--
ing of distrust will ere long beget contentment
with h in.I-. : u .'tii this u til cow- a ili.-jiosilion-
to improve not oo.r forms, but our dwelling* and
grounds, our orchards, our gardens, and retry
thing calculated to please the r ye, gratify (lie ia»to
or minister to the happiness of Eiau. Let tills dis
position l>e stimulated mud directed aright by a
wise and intelligent public o|
living will see the day, wheu
come over this saddened
bleak ami barren hills shull i
dure to their very summit—u
every valley will “blossom
the husbandman shall “rojoi
ion, ami many now
change shall have
sooct—when our
clolbod. v it!: v,-r—
■u every plain and
tho rose, ’—when
the InlluesB of
his joy and he glad.” Thi n shall we realize to it*
fullest extent the beautiful sentiment Of the poet,-
“There is no place like home.”
Bnckhead, July, 1847. Carolina-
When Socrates
' tenced him to dc
lie, “passed tie* sa
Every person h
sense.
Ho who swear
be credited.
vas told that the jadgen had m-'
,th: “Ah bath not nature,” said
no sentence upon them!”
is just as non h pride as he want*
tell*
hi- bnrs word is not t*
WMSSHI