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I /7/> - lirK . ’ f iT •i.rf ~f*t “ CHARACTER IS AS NECESSARY TO A STATE AS TO A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL, AND THE GLORY OF A STATE IS TIIE CO HURON PROPERTY OF ALL ITS CITIZENS.” BY SAM’L J. RAY. MACON, GA., TUESDAY MORNING. FEBRUARY 13. 1849. VOT, XVm-_NO. 29 THE GEORGIA TELEGRAPH is PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING, BY SAMUEL J. RAY. TEBHfM. For the paper in advance, per annum, #2 50. * If not paid in advance #3 00. If not paid until the cud of the year S3 90. No paper discontinued, except at the option of the Publisher. until all arrearage* are paid. AnvxnTisxsntxTS at the tegular charge, will be Si a aqoare of ten lines or let*, for the first iuaertion, and SO cant* for each aubaoquent continuance. Advertisers by the year will be contracted with oa liberal term*, it being expreaaly underatood that con- tract* for yearly advertising, relate only to the immedi- $Ue, legitimate buaiueaa of tho individual or parties pontrtctiDg> Advertiaeuicnta not specified aa to timo, will be pn-q liahed until forbid and charged accordingly. MiRRtAOEs tt:1! l Obituary Noticea exceeding Tin Sivsa. will bo charged aa advertisements. 17*N. B. Saloa of Lands, by Administrators, Ex saators, or Ouardiana, are required by law, to be held on the firvt Tuesday in tue month between the boars ot 10 in the forenoon, and 3 in tho afternoon, at the Court-House, in the County in which die Land is situ- atod. Noticea of these sales roust be given in apnbhc gazette sixty DATS previous to the day of sale. Salca of Naonoxa must be made at a public auction on tho first Taeadny of the month, between the aauhl boom of sale, at the place qf pnhlio sales in the County where the Letters Testamentary, of Administration or Guardianship, niay have been granted, first giving SlttY pats notice thereof, in onq of the public gazettes of this .State, auq at the door of the Court Houso, where aueb sales aro to he held. Notice for tbo aalo ofPeraonal Property mast be giv cn in like manner rqxTY days previous to the day of *"Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an estate mast be uuKlislied FOUTy days. Notice that application will bo rondo to the Contt of Ordinary for leave to sell La$u, roust be published for rooa MONTHS.', Notice for losve to sell Negroes must bo published for roca months, before any qrdor absolute shall be msde thereon by die Court. * Citations for letter* of Administration, mast be published thirty pats—for dismission from edminis. Arstioo. monthly six months—.for dismission from Guardianship, forty pays. Holes for the foreclosure of Mortgage must be pub- dished monthly for four months—for esublishiue Inst papers, for tho rULL space of thhee months—lor to.npelliug tides from Executors or Administrators, where a Bond haa been given by die iloceased, the yoLT. stack of three months. Publications will always be continued according to theso legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered. * “All letters directed to this Office ortho Editor on basines*. must ho post p tin. to insure attention. FrcsSt Giarricu Seeds. JCST RECEIVED AND FOR' SALE BY GEORGE l’AVNE, Druggist, Macon. GEORGIA TELEGRAPH CHERRY STREET—-MACON, GEORGIA. Ilsving recently added a new and complete assort ment of JO II and.FA.NCY TYPE to our office, we are uow prepared to execute wifii neatuesa and at short notice, JOB PRINTING of every description ALL KINDS OF PLAIN. FANCY AND OHXAIICKTAL printing: Such <M—PAMPHLETS, DllAY RECEIPTS, HANDBILLS, VISITfRO CARDS, Asparagus, giant Beans, early Mohawk or six weeks Beans, cariy white duater Beans, large white kidney Beaus, refugee or 1000 to 1 Beans, large white Lima Beaus, white Dutch run ning Beans, Dutch rase knife Beet, fong blood Beet, early blood turnip . Beet, white sngar Beet, Mangel XVurtzel Cabbage, early York Cabbage, early drumhead Cabbage, early Oxhart Cabbage, cprly sugar loaf Cabhage, early Battersea oobhage, large York Cabbage, large late drum head Cabbage, large late Ber- - gen Cabbage, drumhead Savoy Cabbage, large German, the largest for cattle Cabbage, green glazed fer warm climate Cabbage, turnip rooted a- bove ground , C arrot, long orango CaiTot, blood red Cauliflower, early Celery, white solid Cucumber, long green Cucumber, early green Cucumber, early cluster Egg I’iant, large purple Flower Seeds Lettuce, green ieehend Lettuce, early cabbage- head Lettuce, early ice coss Melon,‘Nutmeg Melon, uettled Humana Melon, large rantelenpe Okra, long white Onion, silverikin Onion, whit* Portugal Onion, largr red Parsley, double curled Parsnip, large-cup Peas,-early May Peas, early six weeks Peas,caily Washington Peas, early Charlton Peas, qsrly dwarfmarrow fat Peas, early dwarf sugar Peas, large Marrowfat Pepper, tomatto shaped Pepper, aweet Spanish llartub, early scarlet R.-idiah t> long early abort top ‘ • Radish, scarlet turnip Radiili, white turnip Radish, long white turnip Salsifi or vegetable oyster Spinach, round -Squash, early bush ■Squash, cocoa nut Tomatto, large red Tcmatto, pear shaped arly flat Dutch Turnip, early Turnip, red top Turnip, Hanover Thyme, Msijonim, sweet Lucerne or French Clover Millet for Cowa. !e, greei Also, a large lot of Perfumery of ail kinds, jan X 2fi—lit Practical School of Medicine and Surgery. T HIS School has been instituted for the purpose of giving to private pupils a thorough course of in struction, by Lectures and Examiriations. throughout ■be year. Exercises arc given daily. The Room of the School, at tho Corner of Mulberry and Third streets, over Mcasrf. Shotwell Ac Gilbert’s Drug-Store, will be open for students from C q’pluck, A. M-, to 10 P. M. It is furnished wiyli Apparates, pre parations and plates illustrative of Anatomy and other ornuciief, and with a collection of the important arti cles of the Materia Medioa. -\!so, an extensive Med ical Library mid Text Books, and the roost valuable Medical Periodicals of this country nud Europe. Tile regular exercises commenced on Monday, the 23d inst. No (Kiins nor expense will be spared, to affo-d eve ry advantage to oar students. Private examinations of patient*, both uiedical'and surgical, with particular regard to the treatment of the disease! and accident! likelv to fall under the care of a general practitioner, will bo constantly mnde. . The means for the study of Practical Anatomy will be as great as students desire. Board may he obtained at from 12 to fils per month, lodging iuclnded. The charge to students for 12 months instruction is 6100, or $30 for a session. Any furthcriuformatiouiuay he obtained hv address ing the uudersighed. BOON A BENSON. Macon..Oct. 81.1618. 10-tf ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE U. STATES. Fellow-Citizens : We are deairooa of comma ning with yon on a subject which is, in oar judgment, intimately connected with the peace and harmony of the Union. W'e make no apology for doing so: our justification will be found in the motive which induce: this address, and in the object Which ir seeks to ac complish. That motive is. to preserve in its original freshness, and vigor the fraternal feeling which ani mated dor fathers—that prompted them to “ordain and establish" a constitution, which, uniting us as one people, haa enabled ns to advance with a rapidi ty unexampled in fbe history of mao to our present eminent rank among the nations of jhe world. The B LANKETS and Negro Cloth, for sale by Oct 17 ' J. SEYMOUR. labels, cotton, keckitt CARDS, BLANKS, CIRCULARS, CHECKS, NOTES, Ac. Ac. All orders from the city or country promptly at- feuded to. Macon, January. 1849. 8- & ft. P HALL, A TTORNKYS AT LAW’—Macon, G a:—Practice olsL in Uihh, Mquroe,. Pike, Crawford, Tsvigga, and Dooly counties'; also in the .Supreme Cqurt at Mocuu, Decatur, TalbofSou and Anidricua. J VOffleo qver Scott, Cabort A Co. Macon, Nov. 11 13—9m G OLD PENS—A large lot of Gold l’cus, (warrant ed)* ery low by p.L.BPfUr”"’" ' oct 24 1NETT. OLD PENCILS, Slides, Hearts, Gold and silver Spectacles, Finger 11 lugs. For sale by oct 84, B. L. BURKETT. ^J_OLl> Studs of the newest and latestfashions. for sale low by oct 24 B. L. BURNETT. oct 24 E\V choice Indies Breast Pins. Ear Rings, Brace leu of tho latest New York faahi.ius, very low by B. L. BURNETT. 19.0 Sacks Alum salt, two bushels iu each sack. to arrive in a few days, and for sale by- Oct 17 J. SEYMOUR. GATHERS fresh Ten'nease A Georgia Feathers F K o of good quality, for sale by oct 17 J. SEYMOUR. gTEWART’S Steam Refined Syrup—an excel lent article for family use, for sale by- Oct 17 J. SfcYMOUR. f.nuirr & An<lerson, 4 TTOUNEYS AT LAAA’, V troN. G* -Wi!lreg I J JX. ularly nliend the Courts of Bibb, Monroe, Pike, \ ~- Crawford. Houston, Jones and Twiggs counKcs. One I - or both will always he found ju their office, next door 100 Nails- for sale by J. SEYMOUR. Oct 17 wva XVm. HenhyAxdeiuon, (Intel of Virginia. Macon, January lgt. 1919. Robert S. Lanier. fobs 25 W. T. A A. IS. Colquitt, I IF—MACON, GA. ATTORSIES AT LA W ILL practice in Bibb nod all the »d.piceutcoun ties- All business entrusted to their care will meet with prompt uttention, ty Office iu tiie Merchants Bank Buildings. Mul berry street, formerly office Brandi Bank Central Rail Hoad A Bonking Company, feb 22 87-tf Scinvarti & I-.ove, 4 TTORNEY3 AT LAW—ThoXasviluc, Timm IY. as county, (fa.—Will practice in the Courts of She Southern Circuit; iu the counties of Baker and Decatur of tbo Smith western Circuit, and the adjoin ing counties of Florida. . jane 27 ' fS-ly X’ine Leaf ‘-•Mcdar Swan” and “Windmill” brands, genaine importation, for sale by T. C. DEMPSEY, oct 31 *> Pipes Holland Gin, O ! " " LOANS! CLOAKS 11—The sahserihorp have J on hand and areVlailv manufacturing, ali kipdj qf Cloaks, which they will sell at very luw prices. ........ -•Bpp r y - E. SAULSBji B AGGING. Rope and Twine. For sale by J. S. RICHARDSON, Cotton Avenue. riTEN hhda Molasses and N O Syrup. For sale by E J. 8. RICHARDSON, Cotton Avenue. Of kO Sacks 8a)r. For sale by J. s. RICRARDSON, Cotton Avenue. Choice Havana Sugars. Eficacia, Rio 20,009 Hondo, Esmeralda, Dianua and other brands. Just received by T. C. DEMPSEY’, dec 19 Wlicaton & Davies, 4 TTORNEYS AT LAW—Thohasville, Thoro- J.Y as county, Ga.—Will practicc in the Courts of lbs Southern Circuit: in the couuties of Baker and 30 Quarter casks low priced Wines, Madeira, object which we seek to accomplish, is to obtain from yon a calm, dispassionate, and patriotic consideration of a series of measures, calculated, we fear, to alien ate that feeling, and to-beget animosities alike un friendly to individual and to national prosperity.— We make no sectional appeal. Wo address our selves to the whole American people, as to those who have a common and an equal interest in preserv ing and perpetuating the friendly relations which happily subsist •between (be different States of the Union. If our right thug to present ourselves to your notice be questioned; we answer that it is the privi‘. iege of freemen to confer with their fellows on mat ters of public concern. If it be asked why has. the present moment been chosen for this address, when (as it is ssid) no decisive mAaure haa been per- fected, the answer Is, that the moment most propi tious to conciliation, is that which precedes, not that which follows. decisive action on the subject in con troversy. If, again, it be asked what are ourquali fications or the task in which we ere engaged, it feems obvious to reply that the prolonged atten dance at the seat of government, which, our official duties demand, and the' part which we are required to take in the administration of poblic affairs, neces airily make us familiar prith the course of political eventj. Bnt we invoke no sid'from official station. Wo do uot address ypu in oar representative charac ter- XVe apeak to you as American freemen, and ask to be heard in the spirit in which we address yon The subject to which we would call your attention, is the controversy unhappily existing"between por tions of our fellow-citizens in the two great sections pf the Union, resulting from a diversity of feeling and of opiiiion, concerning the relation which exists be- tweep the European and African races, who dwell in its Southern section. We invite your attention to a brief narrative of this controversy, its origin and pro gress, and to that scries of measures to which it has given rise, which by a large portion of the American people are deemed injurious to the' interests of the south, aggressive upon their rights, and alike incon sistent with the true spirit, intent, acd purpose of oar constitutional compact. This controversv had its ori gin at an early period of our history. It began short ly alter the acknowledgment of our independence, and has progressively increased, until it has arrayed in opposite ranks two great pprtions of the Ameri can people; and that on a subject which is, as to one, su opinion, a sentiment, or at most, a question of po Jitical power in the councils of the nation; while to the other, it is confessedly, of all subjects, of policy, the most vital. In its progress it has given rise to a series of messures, which have been" more recently multiplied with a degree of rapidity' that manifests the determined purpose and extraordinary activity of tliosc with whom they originate. These measures ago all tending to the same result, If carried into ex ecution. we think their certain effect would be to iu- flict an injury, the extent of which is difficult to esti mate, on the Southern States of the Confederacy; to uuscttle the political relations between the several United States, as these were adjusted by the cousti- tution.to destroy the fraternal feeling >vhi Jli now unites us more firmly" than the paper bands of thst instru ment; and nccessarilv, therefore, to disturb the peace and harmony of the Union. Oar porpose in making the statement which we propose, is not to e^cjtc, hut rather to allay the up- pteiieosioos which existing circumstances arg calcu lated to create, to confront the dangers which threat en to disturb our peace, and to ayert them (if, by the blessing of Gi i^ it may be so,) by just, temperate, and uuited counsels, conceived and executed in tbe Spirit sf patriotism. In the nn-ment of apprehended peril, it is the part of prudeuce to ascertain the nature and extent of Hie danger wliii b threatens us, with e view to provide and to call into action our met ns ot tie fence" If tije body politic is afflicted by disease, a true conception of hs character cqu alone enable us to effect its cure. We hare called yoor attention to the origin of this controversy, and ask You to keep in mind the fact that it existed lor a lengtli of time before the constitution was formed; that tliqse who framed that instrument were thoroughly aroused to the fact of the existence,• of domestic slavery- in several States of the confedera cy, had well considereo its character, and were aware of the determination of tliose States to continue the use of slave labor, iu the jicsitioii w hich they were about to assume as members ot the Federal (Jniou.— The framers of the constitntion were thoroughly ad vised of the resolve of the people of those States to enter into no compact which would jeopard this their peculiar interest, or reduce them, because of the exis tence of slavery among them, to up equality with their co-States. Notw ithstanding this, the'controver sy wss introduced into the convention, nud formed one of its greatest; difficulties in framing tiie constitu tion. After ninny efforts is was overcome by an agreement, which provided, in substance— 1. That represent:tiers and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the States, according to theirre- sperrive numbers: and that, in ascertaining the num ber of each, five shall lie estimated as three; 2, That slaves escaping into States where slavery- docs not exist, slinll not be discharged from servitude in consequence of snv law or regulation of such State; bat shall lie delivered up on claim pf the party to whom their labor or service is due 3 That Cengress shall not prohibit the importation of slaves bi-lore the year 1808. but a tax of-ten dol lars may be imposed on eachone imported; 4. Thst no capitatiou or direct tax shall be laid hot Union they may dwell, that uny evasion of it is alike injurious and unjustifiable. This idea cannot be more Correctly-, and impressively stated, than in the lau- gaageof two of the judges of the Supreme Court.— In the case of Prigg vs. the Commonwealth of Penn- ■ sweet Malaga and Port. For sale by dec 19 T. C. DEMPSEY. tbo Southern Circuit; in the couuties Decatur of tho SouthwcUuh) Circuit, ?nd tho enjoin ing counties of Florida. jane 37 ~ ; <8—*Y Platt&fii»ccr. A TTORNEX’S 4-T LAXV.—Almnt Ga.—Will practice in the counties of Macon, Dooly, Sum mer, Leo, Randolph, Early Baker and Decatur, of die South western, and Laurens, Pulaski, Irwin, Thomas and Lowndes of the Southern circuit. All business entrusted to their cure, will rapet with prompt atteu Zion. E. 11. PLATT, T- C. SRICER. june 87 **—!y 'p'UST received, a lot of fine French and_ American CalfSkin. Also, iiiing and binding skins. Oak and Hemlock sole-leather, all of which will be sold at the lowest possible price by- dec 19 MIX * KIRTLAND. ■JUSTreceived men’s and boys’coarse shoe Luts, also, Gentlemen's fine boot Lasts, a fine article, and for sale by MIX A KIRTLAND dec 18 Joint R. Hays, A TTORNEAY at LAXV—Bainbridoe,Decatur county, G.—Practices in tho Sondiwestern Cir cuit, and in Thomas and Lowndes of tbo Southern Circuit. jtma 27 ,*3—*>' Phillips *V Strong. A TTORNEYS AT LAXV; La Fayette, Alabama. XV ill practice in the Countios of Chambers, Tal lapoosa, Randolph and Knssell. Hcfcrcncct James Gardner. Esq.. Augurta, Ga., Hon. M H. McAllister, Savannah. Samuel J. Ray, Esq. Macoa, Hideaway A Gui.by, Columbus. Solomon Levy, Now Orleans, Col. Joo. A. Cutbbert, Mobile. M'Corniick A Britton, Montgomery. , 83 P H. Godard A Co superior old Cognac Brandy and Harris A Son's celehratr ■ - — Harris A Son's celebrated Port Wine, a few qr. casks, just received by T. C. pEMPSEY dec 19 ^SLOTHS and Casvimerej—Fine and super. XVest _ of England and French Cloths and Cassimers of the best qualities oflered in the market. For sale by nov21 ' LOGAN A ATKINSON. CJ HI RTS—A Iresh tapply of fashionable Shirt*, for 13 sale by J. E. SAUL3BURY. > by IIOE8, Hats, Crockery.Blankets, Bucket#,Tub*. and Dry Gr.nds.Ac. Ac. on hand and for arid by oct 31 J. S. RICHARDSON. Cotton Avenue. (gUPERFINE Fiour in barrels _and_«ock* u _For sale by <iqv 2! J. SEYMOUR. “'(i Bags Rio aud Lugaira Coffee. For sale by OH J.S. RICHARDSON Cotton Avcuno. oct 31 Now Silk anti Fancy Dress Goods. M RS. CAREY woold respectfully invite tbe La dies to calUand examine her new Stock just Received, of Changeable figured Poult do Soi Rich black, watered and plain Silks Pink, white and blue Groede Afriqnes Do. Glosses* and MarccUnes, of all colors Rich Canton and crape Shawls and Scarfs Vests. S UP. hlkcsssimere, black satin and fancy silkVests now opeuiugby J. A E. SAULfiBURY. nov 28 M'l end black satin and silk Sbawls.plain A plaid J-.mb'd muslin Robes nod Tulle, with flowers Slack and white Maline Lace Veils Embroidered Capes, Cbimisetta and Collars Cuffs, Sleeves and ttand.'ng Collars Malino Lace, for awaking caps, capes, Ac. Ac. Velvet and silk Vuseltes and Jenny Linds Ribbons, Flowers and Feathers A large assortment of Fringes and Buttons Strmc Bonmdlt and Flovcrf, Jutt Rrcrivtd, A fine assortment of Ladies and Misses Jcnpy Lind, Ahlna. Pearl, Florence Straw and Rutland Bonnetts. Also. French ond American Artificial Flowers. All of which, will be fold on the most moderate terms, by MRS. M. A CAREY, nov 21 14 Mulberry street, Macon. Stilt or Coffee, Ac. OfifHHIDS. St Croix, P. R. Muscovado and N Orleans Sugar. 20 Midi. Crashed, Powdered and Loof Sugars to do Refiued Coffee Sugars 110 bags Rio Coffos 70 do Java lOcaaog Tea, (some very fine.) ~ ' e Country Fk 30 bbla, Prime Couutrv Flour. For sale by GRAVES, XyOOD A CO- septs Tobacco, Snuff, «Vc. 1 ®OXE8 Tobacco, various brands, JivU i Bhi,-Maccoboy Snuff, 1 do Scotch do. . £ do Mrs. Miller’s fine Cat Tobacco. For sale ghespby GRAVES. XVGOD A CO. Sept 5 UREAUS, Sideboards, Desks, Secretaries md Bock Cajtr.f;.’ lu’c bv *? WOOD A BRADLEY. Business floats- B LANKETS, cassimere and Tweeds. For sale by no* 88 J. A E. 3AULSBURY in proportion te federal numbers; and 5. That no amendment of the constitution, which may be made prior to 1808, shall affect tiie last preced ing' provision, or that relating to the importation of slaves So satisfactory were these provisions to the fra mers of tiie constitution, that the second; relating to the delivery of fugitive, slaves, yvas adopted nuani- inourly. while the rest, except the third, relative to the importation of slaves, and to prolong the time from 1800 to 1606, pissed with almost equal nnanim- and even that was sustained by the votes of New Ity: and even that was sustained by the vote Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut. These provisions of the constitution affect tire exis tence of Slavery in the Union which was about to bo formed, and make a specific provision for its protec tion, where it was supposed to be most exposed.— They go further; they recognise slavery as an ele mentary principle of the constitution, regulating or influencing, the government created by it in the two most important particulars of representation and tax ation. Whoever will examine the records of the pro ceedings of that day, will be perfectly satisfied that these provisions thus intended to lie conservative of the domestic institutions of the South, were indispen sable to the adoption of the constitution; that without it this Union could never have existed. The debate of tbe convention show that this was perfectly under stood by the representatives from the non-slavebold- ing States; and that with this onderetanding, they ratified the copstitntion. Lhe act of ratification was B OY’S CLOTHING—Black cloth sacks, fancy- tweed. cass Pants, Black cass Pants Silk Val encia vests, just received, by J.E.SAULSBURY. oct 10 S U ELLJNG—A lot of Merino, Cashmeres, Brocba and silk Shawls, at hall New York cost. nor 28 G. XV. WOODRUFF, P RO VISIONS—Bscon, Lard, Meal and Flour, oa hand on hand and for sale by oct 31 J. S. RICHARDSON. Cotton Avenue. "fflorrlsoa’s Universal Medicines, F OR sale at THOS. GIBSON’S (an 2—20—3m Opposite the I- loyd House. O FFERING—A lot of Cashmeres, De Laioes. Al- " - - - " * apacus, Merinos, Bombosins tod Shsllys at vety .rices. G. XV. WOODRUFF. low prices. .lie nnil Cider. R OBERT JOHNSON’S Albany Cream Ate and Baker’s celebrated Champagne Cider. A fresh supply received weekly, and for aalo by tbe under signed agents in Macon. uov 21 14—3m GAVAN A MAOURTX . IVoficc. ■pans. 8TROHECKKK A GILBERT having this jLP day formed a Copartnership in the practice of Medicine and Surgery, offer their services to the citi- xensof Macon an J vicinity. I7*0IBce at the Drugstore of J. C. Giioert A Co. jan 9 I5l;i<'k iiiircgcs :i:nl Fringes. ff PIECES Block Bareges. 9 do Silk XVarp Alpacca O 9 do do Silk Princes Thread Edgings and Lace* ; Muslin Edgings * Qaeen’s do do do Inserting* Tapes, Bobbins, Thread, Buttons, Ao. Just received by GILVVKc, WOOD A CO. ? Boxer s:c;kcd Hnhl'ct. \J her V. I'c: sale liy tEYMOrJL according pledge lias been redeemed, is an inquiry not to fie answered by the denunciation of the conduct of any portion of our CQuntrvmen. It is a simple narrative of events which we offer to your consideration, by the perusal of which our fellow-citizens, in whatever por tion of the‘Union they may dwell, may decide for themselves th« question of itg observance qr viola- latinn. For thirty years alter the adoptiop of the constitn ion tliese "provisions were fo far respected aa to give no serious cause «f complaint tq anybody. Pass - ing for the present tbe pretensions set forth, and the agitation* created by tbe Missouri controversy, we proceed to consider the provision’ in relation to fugi tive slaves, its operation, and the resistance which it has been doomed to encounter. That provision is in the following words t "No per son held to sen ice or labor in our State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another State, shall, in cooseqnence of any law or regulation therein, be dis charged from such service or labor, but shall be deliv ered up on claim of thsperroiato whom such Iahpr or service may be doe,” This provision is dear. There is nor an uncertain or equivocal word to be found in it. Wbat shall be and what shall uot be done are folly and distinctly set forth. It provides that tbe fugi tive slave shall not be discharged from histertitude,but shall be delivered op on the clsjm of his owner. This constitutes an essentia] part of the constitutional com pact—is part and parcel of tbe supreme law of the land. sVa such, it is binding on the federal and State governments, on the States, and on all the individuals composing them- The sacred obligation of compact, and the solemn injunction of the supreme law. which legislators and judges, both federal and State, are honnd by oath to support, all nnite to enforce its ful filment, according to ita plain meaning and its true intent. As to wbat that meaning and intent are, there was no diversity of opinion in the earlier days ol the republic. Congrers. tbe State legislatures,fed eral and State judges, aud magistrates, all s|M»tane- oosly placed the same interpretation cn it. Daring that period, none interposed impediments to the way of the master, seeking to recover his fugitive slave; nor did any deny his right to have every proper fa cility for the enforcement ofhisdsim to have him de livered np. It was then almost as easy to recover one found in a non-siavelmldin* State, as one found in a neighboring *!avcholdi:ic State. Bnt this state of thillc* has passed awsv, and, to all practical purposes, the provision may be said to be almost defunct. Now. when we take ir to consideration the importance of this provision and the clearr.ris with which it is expressed, we sabralt to all those to wbcun ws tJere.-s c-.-selves, ;a whatever fattici of the sylvacia. Judge Story said: Historically, it is well known that the'object of tbis clause" was to se cure to the citizens of the slaveholdiiig States tbe complete right and title of ownership in their slaves, as property, in every State of .the Union into which *hey might escape from the State wherein they were held iu servitude. Tbe full recognition of this right aud title was indispensable to the security of this spe cies of property in all the alavehelding States; and, indeed, was so vital to trie preservation of their in terests and institutions, that it cannot be doubted that it constituted a fundamental article, without tbe adop tion of which the Uuion.would not have been formed. Its true desigu was to guard against the doctrines au.d principles prevalent iu the non-slavekolding States, by preventing them from intermeddling with, or restrict ing, or abolishing the rights of the owners of the slsves.” Again: “The clause was therefore of the last im portance to tbe safety of the Squthem States ; and could hot be surrendered by them, without endanger ing their whole property in slaves. The clause was accordingly adopted in the constitution by tbe unani mous consent of tbe framers of it—a proof at once of its ii trimic and oractical necessity," Again : “The clause manifestly contemplates tbe existenpe of a positive unqualified right on tliepart of the owner of the slave, which no State law or regula tion can m any way regulate, control, qualify, or res train." Theopinionof the other learned judges was no less emphatic as to the importance of this provision, and the unquestionable right of the South under it. In the case of Johnson rs.'Tompkins and others. Judge Bald win, in charging tbe jury, said: “If there are any rights of property which can be enforced—if one citi zeu have auy rights of property which are Invaluable under thb protection ofthc supreme court of the.State aud the Union. «hey are those vWiich have , been set at nought hy some ofthese defendants. As the own er of property, which he had a perfect right to possess protect, nudtake away—as acitizenofa sister State, entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citi zens of any other States, Mr. Johnson- stands before you on ground which cannot be taken from under.him: it is the same ground on wliich the goyernment itself is based. If the defends;, ts con be justified, we have no.longer law or government. Again;'After referring more particularly to the provision for delivering up fugitive slaves,he said: “Thus you see that the found ations of the government are laid, and rest on (lie right of property in slaves. The whole structure taiist fall hy disturbing the corner stone." These nre grave and-solemn nod admonitory words from a high source. They State with great force the clearness, importance, and fundamental character of this provision, aud the ilihastrum consequences which must follow from its' violation. Yet, in despite of of these sulcuin warnings, the citizen of the South, seeking the recovery of his fugitive'slave, instead of receiving the aid provided for by the constitution, and wliich the learned judges referred to have endeavor ed to enforre. is doomed to encounter resistance in every form wliich ingenuity, can devise: from legisla tive "arts—from judges and magistrates; aud when these fail from mobs of whites and blacks, who, by- force or threats, rescue the fugitive slave from Ins rightful owner; while fie is subjected to insult, to (lie hazard (d imprisonment,of heavy pecuniary loss, and even of life itself. A citizen of Maryland—Mr. Ken nedy, of Hagerstown—it is well known, has lost his life in an attempt to recover bis fugitive slave under this provision. • But this provision of the constitution is violated in- directiv, as well as directly, hy organized combina tions bfindividuals in many of the States^ whose ob ject is to entice slaves from their masters, and to pass them secretly and rapidly, hy means previously ar ranged, into Canada, where they are beyond tho reach of this provision—a process which all will agree is as directly repugnant to its injunctions as its open or even forcible violation would fie ; and yet it is believed that not one of the States within lyhoso limits they exist have adopted any measures .to sup press them. XX’ecommend this statement of facts, relating to this provision concerning fugitive slaves, to the seri ous consideration of our le!law ririzens. in every por tfolio!'the Union, to the forbearance offonr southern brethren, to the patriotism aud respect for the consti tution of tliose of the North. It ig impossible, in a communication like this, to avoid noticing the continued assaults U]>< n the do mestic institutions ofthp ffouth which are made in ao many various forpis. Without striking at any ex press and specific provisions of tiie constitution, they aim directly at tbe destruction of the relations ex isting between tbs slave pud his owner; hy means subversive in then-tendency of one of the chief ends for which the constitution was established. We refer to the systematic agitations by abolitionists, yyhicli, comuiciioing in 1835. are still continued. The avow ed intention is to brine about a state of tiring* which would force emancipation on the South. To unite the North in fixed hostility to the South on the subject of slavery, is one meaus employed to accomplish it. For this purpose societies are formed, newspapers are established, debating clubs ere opened, lecturers are employed, pamphlets and other publications, pictures, and petitions to Congress are circulated, while the continued agitation cf the subject pf abolition ip one orotjierfomtin Congress, and the emplovipent of emissaries to distribute incendiary publications in the South, are relied cn to excite discontent among the slaves. No pne doubts that slavery is a domestic institu tion, which it belongs exclusively- to the State in which it exists to establish, to regulate, or to abolish. Any attempt, therefore, on the part of the federal gov ernment, or of any State, or of the people of any State, liy direct or iudirect means, to interfere with this institution ns it exists in any Stetc. to diminish its value, nr to force itazjmndonmcnt, would be a plain and palpable violation of tbe sovereign rights of such State. Sueli an interference would not he tolerated between independent sovereignties. It would be tnef by remonstrance, and, if necessary, by force— Between States connected, as we are, in fraternal bonds, under a constitution ordained and established “to insure domestic tranquility.” it i* still more unjus tifiable; and yet associations loaned for this pur|ibse, and openly avowing theirobject, exist in States with in whose limits there is nothing upon which they can operate; whose sole occupation, therefore, it la to dis turb the domestic tnmqudity oi other States, and who are nevertheless uncontrolled by Die authorities of the states in which they are established. XVe will not dwell on this subject. In tbe same friendly spirit that dictates this address, we submit the statement which truth compels us to make to the culm, dispas sionate, patriotic, consideration of our country men!'— We now return to the question of tho admission pf Missouri into the Union, and shall proceed to give a brief sketch oflhe occurrences connected with it, and the consequences to which if lies directly led. In the latter part of 1919, the then territory of Missouri ap plied to Congress, in the usual form, for leave to form a State constitution and government, in order to be admitted into the Union." A bill was reported for tbe purpose, with the usual provisions in such cases: amedincutswcro offered, baring for their object to make it a condition of tier admission, that her cpn- stitution should have a prqvision prohibiting slavery- This brought mi the agitating debate which, with the effects that followed, has done so much to alienate the South and North, aud endanger our political in stitutions. Those who objected to the amendment, rested tiicir opposition on tiie high grounds of the right of self-government. They claimed .that a Terri tory, having reached tiie period when it is proper for it to form a constitution and government for itself, be comes fully vested with nil the rights of sclf.govern meat; and that even the condition imposed on it ba the federal constitution, relates not to the formation p{ its constitution aud government, bat to its admission into the'Union. For that purpose, it provides, as a condition, that the government must be republican. They claimed that Congress has no right to add to tbis condition, aud that to asaqme it would be tanta mount to tbe assumption of the right to make its en tire constitution aud covemmcut: as n.o limitation could lie imposed, as fo the extent of the right if it be admitted that it exists at all. Those who supported the aoienanieot denied these grounds, end claimed the right of Congres to impose, at discretion, wbat conditions it pleased. ‘ In this agitating debate,- tho two sections stood arrayed against each other; the South in favor oftbeh;!! without amendment, and the North opposed to it unless it was amended. The de bate ana agitation continued until the session was well advanced ; but itbccame apparent, towards its close, that the people of Missouri were fixed and res olved in then-opposition io the proposed condition, and that they would certainly reject it, and adopt a con stitution without it should the bill pass .with tbe con dition. Such being tiie case, it required no great ef- fortof mind to perccivo that Missouri once in posses sion of a constitution and government, hot simply on paper, but with legislators elected, and officers np pointed to cany them into effect, the gfuve questions would be presented, wbeUierube was of right a state orTerritioiy; A if the former, whether Congress had the right, and if (be right, the power to' abrogate the constituDon, and disperse her legislature, and to re mand her back to the territorial condition. These were great, and under the circumstances, fearful questionl—too fearful to be met by tliose wbo bad raised the agitation. From that Dine tbe only ques tion was, how to escape from Die difficulty. Fortu nately, a means was afforded. A compromise (as it was celled) was offered, based on the terms that the North sh-mld cease to oppose tbe admission of Mis souri, on the grounds for which the south contended ; and thst tbe provisions of the ordinance of 1787, for the government of the northwestern territory, should be applied to all the territory acquired by tiie United States from France undertbe treaty of Louisiana lying north of 36 s 3O’, except the portion lying in tbe state of Misuari. The northern members embraced it; and although not originating with them, adopted it as their ova. It vu forced through Congress by the almost united votes of the North, against a minority cor si st ing almost entire!* of members from the southern rtztcs. Ssth was the ttrsmatfon cf the fret eesfiitt between tbs two sections, in reference to slavery in connexion wiDi the Territories. On tbis subject, we propose to offer to you a few brief remarks. Xv uv ing the consideration of the question whether Congresss can constituDcnollyy prohibit tbe ictroduc tion of slaves into the territories acquired by the Uni ted States, and the other quecllou, whether in Die ac tual condition of tliese territories, slaves can be car ried within their* limits, apd held us such, without the sanction of an act of Congress, we desire to submit to ypu tbo considerations of which we claim of the South to participate in the benefit resolving from Territories acquired by the United States may, we think, be safe-' ly rested. For Die purpose of immigration the territories of the United States are open to all tbo world—to citizens and foreigners, without discrimination as to tbe char acter, profession, or color. All, whether savage or ci- vil ized jmay freely enter. Shall tiie people of tbe South alone be excluded, or permitted on conditions that de ny to them the use of those'm ean s which habit lias rendered r.ecessaiy to theircomfortable subsistahee ? Before they are permitted to enter these territories, must they be divested of the character in which they were invited aud adniitted to enter into tbe Union T They entered the convention as slave-holders; shared in its deliberaDons as such; aij slave-holders they ra tified the constitution. Iu the same character they have been, and continue to lie, represented in the na tional ponneits. As slave holders they Have contribu ted to Die expenses of the government which they Dms assisted to create, by the payment of tho taxes on tbe special proficiency whidb gives to them (bat pcculinr character. Will you deny to (heir prpplo the right to participate in the acquisitions of that govern ment. which, in conjunction Witii theirco ritntes, they have thus created and supported, unless they are first permitted to strip them of tiie character in which they created and have supported it J These territories were acquired by the common treasures and united efforts of all the States. Tbe South contributed her due pro portion of men, to the war in wliich they >vere acquir ed, as the following brief statement will show: Statement of the number of volunteers. Regiments, Battalions, • Companies, From the South- Total number of volunteers from tbe Soutb, From the North—Regiments, Battalions, Companies, 23,084 Total number of volunteers from the North, Tbits it is seen that of tbe volunteers in tbe war with Mexico furnished by tbe uoi-thern and south eru States, the proportion contributed by t(ie South is nearly two to one. And v>hen it is con sidered Hint tbe population of the northern States js neatly two thirds greater than tjiat of the south ern States, it is obvious that thp latter has fur nished more than three times her due proportion of volunteers. Apart from all questions off constitu tional power, or of interimtioiiBl in w, can it consist with right aud. justice to deny to them a partici pation in territories thus acquired. But again. Ours is a" federal government, an association of States—united, and yet preserving their individuality. To them, as members of the federal Uuinn, these'territnries belong, not to the federal government, consisting cf the executive, legislative,qud judicial departments of that gov ernment. Hence they are said to he territories belonging to the United States—to the States com prising the Union.. Thu States, then, -are joint owners of this property. Now it is conceded hy all writers oh the subject, that in such govern- ineuts the members are nil equal—equal in rights, and equal in dignity. If elsewhere this were a disputed point, we could safely appeal to onreou- stilutioimi.compact for tha proof, tpat, with t;s, iris undeniably true that tpe equality of the States is an elemeutiiry principle of that compact—oue which lies at the foundation of our government. To destroy this equality, then, is to change the character of the government which rests upon it as its basis. The exclusion of the southern States, and their citizens, Mn their foil share’ in territories thus declared to belong t» them in common with the ether States, would, therefore ho to deprive them of a right—it would derogate from the equality which is iiiseperable troni their condition ns mem bers of the Union—would sink them from their rightful position, ns equals, ipto a dependent and subordinate condition. Nor can the people of tho South he insensible to the consequences which must result from the establishment and continued enforcement of the principle on which the propos ed exclusion would rest. That principle, opt-ijy avowed, is, that the domestic institutions peculiar to tbe southern States shall never bn transferred to auv territories uow or hereafter to be acquired by the Uuited States. The institution as it new ex ists, and fa tho States where it now exists, (it is said,) nmv not he disturbed by the federal gov ernment, because it is secured by the compro mises of the constitution. If these were not so— if this guaranty were not found iu that instrument —even in tile Staton it would rfnt be secure. An institution which is declared to be 6inful—in vio lation of the natural right—contrary to tbe law of Gotl—to our own declaratiop of Independence— and disgraceful to any people vv ho tolerate it— would not be sulil-red to exist, if those whp thus denounced it had the power to abolish it. If the constiti.tiounl impediment were remove^, they would feel hound to obey the dictates of con science. and these they toil us forbid its continu ance. The coutiuued enforcement of Dje princi ple which forbids th.* trausfer of the domestic in stitutions of the South to any territory uow or hereafter to be acquired, combined with other causes in constant operation, tends inevitably to the removal of this constitutional impediment. Several of the States of this Union nre li; a trans ition state, from the condition of slaveholding to that of iiou-slavelioldiiig States. When that change shall have been accomplised, an(I they shall have taken their position among tiie non- slaveholdiiig States, and w|ien to these are added the newStates to be formed out of territories now or hereafter to be acquired, the aggregate will constitute tfie requisite majority of States to re move tire constitutional impediment to an interfer ence with slavery in the States. And how can they abstain from the exercise of the |iower tvhich they will tints have ticquirejl consistently with principles avowed and acted upon at this mntneut to the full extent of their capacity to enforce them T Can tiie people of the South he insensi ble to tiie danger which thus menaces their own peculiar and cherished Institutions? Ought pot the suuudlntctligence and conservative feeling of the American people iu every portion of the Union, alike independent of and saperior tq party or sec tional divisions, be exerted to avert it ? It remains to present to you a brief view of a series of measures introduced into !}ie representa tive branch of Congress during tbe presotist ses sion. aud connected witfi the subject ot this ad dress. The first of tliese is a resolution intro duced by a member from Massachusetts, the ob ject jof which is to repent all acts or parts qf acts which authorize the existence cf slavery, or of selling and disposing of slaves, in this District. On the question (if grautiug leave to bring in a bill, tlye votes stood sixty-uine for, and eighty-two against it. The next was a resolution offered by a member from .Ohio, instructing tho committee on territories to re|iort forthwith bills for exclu ding slavery frc;n New Mexico and C. Ufornia. It passed hy nvoteol 107 io 80; ntul tbe liijl has since been reported. Thut tvas followed by a bill introduced by another member from Qbio, to take the votes of the inhabitants of tbis District, wheth er slavery Within its limits should be ubolished. The bill provided, according’to the admission of the mover, that free negroes and Daves should vote. On the question to lay the bill on the table, the votes stood 100 for, aui}79 against the motion. To this succeeded the resolution proposed by a member from New York iu tiie following words: “XVhereus tbe traffic now prosecuted iu thisme- tropolis qf the republic in human beings, as chat tels is contrary to uutuinl justice and the funda mental principles of out* political system, and is notoriously a reproach to our country throughout Christendom, aud a serious hiuderance to the pro gress of. republican liberty among the uutions of the earth. Therefore— Resolved, That the.committee for tbe District qf Columbia be instructed to report a hill, as soon as practicable, prohibiting the slave trade iu that District,-’.’ pu the question of adopting the resolution, tbe votes stood 9$ fur, and 88 against it. He wits fol lowed by a member from Illinois, wbo offered n resolution for abulubiug slavery in the Territories, nud all places where Congress has exclusive pow er of legislation; that is iu all forts, magazines,’ur- seuais, dock yards, and other needful buildings, purchased by Congress, with tbe couseut of the Legislature of the State. This resolution was passed over, tinder the rules of the House. These various propositions have not been fin:-.Hy acted "upou. Indeed, the resolution offered by the member from New York has been reconsid ered, and remuius uow on lire Speaker’s table ns tire feeling, it ought to be r.dded, that while tbe support of these several measures was confined to the representatives of non-slaveholditig States, and consisted of those of both parties, there were j-atri itic individuals from those States, who refus ed their support to measures which they believed were uncalled for by the occasion, and unfriendly to the peace aud harmony of theUuiou. XVe have now brought to a close a narrative of measures connected with the subject of this ad dress, including those which are consummated, ns well as those which are in progress; and we think it will not be denied that the consummation of the latter would afford just cause of apprehen sion to tho people of tho slaveholdiiig States. If slavery were abolished in tho District of Colum bia, nud in the numerous and dispersed places in tbe South, over which Congress bus exclusive ju risdiction—if to these measures he added the .ex clusion of the people of the southern States front the Territories of the Uuiou, now or hereafter to be acquired, every outpost nud barrier would, be carried, and even in the States themselves tbe in stitutions of domesDc slavery would be ut t(;e mercy of those who hud so fur successfully pros ecuted their assault upon it. XVe forbear to preseut to you a detailed view of the evils which must result from these measures, even iu their progress, and yet more in their con summation; operating first on the people of tbe South, and eventually oa the American people at large. Happily the measures arc not consumma ted. There remains a locuspenetia; there is yet time to pause—a moment of which intciligeut, pa triotic, conservative men in every quarter of the Uuiou, aloof from the iiifiuenre of party ou such u subject, aud effacing all sectional lines of division, may avail themselves to consider, if there be any duty to be fulfilled—if there be any tuterest to be advanced—if there bo auy objeetto be attained.by the prosecution of these measures, wliich will jus tify the hazard (however remote they may believe it to,he) of jeoparding the peace and harmony of the Uuiou. All will admit (hat the'institution of domestic slavery is one which it belongs exclu sively to the States iu which it exists, to establish, to regulate, to continue, or to abolish. Any and every interference with it by the citizens of other States, whether direct or indirect, is therefore a wrong which becomes aggravated wbeu it is com mitted by those with whom we are for certain pure poses united as one people, and who avail them- aeives of this relation to make that interference' more hurtful. If slavery be a sin. he who is not a (From the Charlestion Mercury J rtc Jlecklcsztiargil J9rctn,aiio:: of Zuilvpcsi- dctxcc. TheXYilminglon Chronicle gives the following in teresting letter from Mr. Baucroft, our Minister to Great Britian, authenticating the priurity of the Meckleuburg Declaration of Independence- The allusions in the letter to the proceedings of tho ‘ Regulators," have inters;! fur the people ot this State ns well os’of North Carolina. They refer to a period in the history of both, of 7 which there are but few records', aud of which many of tho inci dents, though both eventful aud important, are only presarvea.in the truditious of,their respective localities Nowhere ou the contiuent was opposi tion tq the exactiou of the British Goversnneut oarl er commenced, or coutiuuedmore determin edly and systematically, than in the colouioa of North aiid South Caroliua. • - slaveholder is free from tho guilt of it. Why should he desire to become his brother’s keeper? ’ Is there no feeling—tio thought—no act of bis own. which requires his care, and which would better reward his vigilance ? Is an opinion, a seutimeut, a measure of sectional policy, to he urged and en forced at tho hazard of disturbing the peaceful ref lations of twenty millions of people? lVby may not this controversy be adjusted I Does tjie Dis trict of Columbia preseut the obstacle? Cannot some mode be devised to withdraw this disturb- qnestion from the natinual legislature 7 Is it's question in relation to the territories? XX’hy should we not profit by experience ? The wisdom of those who have gone before us was competent to the restoration of harmony in 1820: why should we not follow iu their steps ? The intense excite ment of that day was allayed by it, end its benefi cent influences were felt during the next twenty years of our political exitteqee. When the ques tions connected with the annexation of Texas be of use to yon or your State, 'seemed likely to revive that excitement, the same Very truly yours,' C American feeling prevailed, and the danger was XVhv should it uot he equally efticn- erted. cions uow 1 Has our love of country diminished, is it limited to a section—or docs it not embrace nur whole country 7 If the territories which we have acquired .are unfitted to the institutions of the South—if they cauuot exist there—why the denunciation of them ? If it be said the South is contending for an abstraction, heenuse the right whi. h sheclaiths, if it were conceded, could not he exercised in these territories, is it not yet more obvious that those who insist upou the express de nial of the right, are ’hernselnes pursuing a phan tom. Are they not irzisting upon the solemu leg islative denial 6f a right which, (they themselves beingttho judges,) whether it he affirmed or de nied. can never be exercised? But the deniul is not enufined to the territories uow held by the U. Slates: it extends also to those wliich may he here after ncquired, however peculiarly such Territory may he adapted (o slave labor; nay even although they should be territories in which slavery exists. Is the claim of the South to participate in such Ter ritories an abstraction ? Aud again; the assertion of that right even where it cannot he exercised, can not be an abstraction, unless the political equality which lies at the foundation of our government mny be deemed so. But can the peace and harmo- nv of the Uniuo be jeoparded by considerations like these? XX’e have dong. Our desire has been tq place be fore the American people the facts necessary to en able them to stay this controversy—to exercise the- restraining influence which they ulone possess to give harmony to our counsels and prosperity to our couutry. XVe. too, constitute a portion of that peo ple ; and speedily resuming our places nmoug them, will unite our effoNsfor the accomplishment of this beneficial result. "50 Eaton Squark, London, July 4. 1848. My Dear Sir: I hold it of good augury, that your letter of the 12th of Juue, reached me by the Hermann, just 'iu time to be auswered this morning. * You may be sure that I have spared no pains to discov'erTn the British State I*aper Office a copy' of the Resolves of the Committee of Mecklenburg and with entire success. A glance at tfie Map will sbowyiu that iu those days tire.t yffio of that part of North Carolina took u uoutherely direction, aud people in Charleston, aud sometimes even in Sa vannah, knew what was going'on in “Charlotte Town" before Governor Martin. Thefirst account of “the exlraordmat y Resolves by the people of Char lotte Town’ Mecklenburg (jaunty” was ie.it, o qr to England by Sir Janies XVright, then Governor of Georgia, in a letter of the 20th of Juue, 177S,— The newspaper thus transmitted is still preserved, and is the uutuber 498,ot' the South Caroliua Gaz ette' and County Journal, Tueaduy, June, 13,1775/ I read theResulres, you maybe sure, with rever ence, and immediately obtained u copy, of them th uking myself the sole discoverer. I do not send you the copy, ub it is identically the same with the paper which 'you enclosed to me; but I forward to you a trnusci'ipt of tbe eulire letter of Sir James XVright, 'foie qewspaper seems to have reached him after he hud fiuished hie dispatch, for Die paragraph relaliug to it is added iu his own hand writing. tbe former part of the letter being written by a Secretary or Clerk. ' I have read a great many papers relating to tho Regulators ; and am having copies made of a lar ger number.' Your owu State ought to have them all. and the expeuse would be fur the State insig nificant, if it does not send an Agent ou purpose. A few hundred dollars would copy uli you need from the Slate Paper Office ou ali North Carolina topics. The Regulators are, ou many accounts, important'. Their complaints were well founded, and were so acknowledged, though their oppress ors were only uuuiiually puuiabed. They form the connecting liuk ’between "resistance to the Stamp Act, and the movement of 1775; aud thiiy- also played a glorious pait in taking possessiou uf the Mississippi valey, towards Which they were carried irresistably hy their love of indepeudeuce. It is a mistake, if any have supposed, that the Regulators were cowed down by their defeat at the Alfemuuce. ' Like the ummuioih, they'shook the bolt from their brow aud crossed the moun tains. 1 shall always be glad to bear from you, and to ery truly yours,' George Bancroft. D. L. Swain, esq. Chapel Hill, N. C." Itailrondsat the Closeof]S48. Tbe American Railroad Journal, in an article upou this subject, furnishes some interesting facts and suggestions.' It is only twenty- three years since a combined effort was made in Englund to construct n railway between Liverpool and Man chester. The idea, was at once, hastily enlertaiu- ed by nearly ail tiie Atlautic cities of the United States, and tpe efforts aud Results which followed exhibit prominently, the character of the Ameri can people. There may be uncertainty, as to which Atlantic city belongs the credit of making the first success ful movement iu the construction of a railroad; a- tilting the earliest, are Baltimore and Charleston— anu Boston. New York and Philadelphia, were nearly simultaneous in their movements. Boston, however, has been more wise, or rather more for tunate than tbe others, and now enjoys railway ad vantages by for superior to any city in the world, London ouly, perhaps, exempted. Very soon, the advantages uf railroads become familiar to all who Adulterated Drugs.—"Man’s iubumanity to to nmu makes countless thousands inouru.!’ This is verified by the results that have flowed from the law passed at the last sessieu of Congress, ill rela tion to adulterated drugs. The astounding fact lias been recently developed,tha( iu the port of N.Y( rk alone, fifty-nine thousand three hundred aud e gliiy eight pounds of adulterated drugs have been con demned by the examiner, from: the nineteenth of J uly to the twenty-third day nf December, end immense quantities have been similarly prouniiu- ced upon - in' the cities of Boston, Philadelphia Baltimore and New Orleans. In the 'first named place one importation of four hundred tiiousuud pounds of drugs is under advisement, and the probability is, will be condemned as adulterated, aud improper fop use. Thus far the execution of this law has been at tended with the best effects. It Tm developed the astounding fact, that a' great proportion of the rhubarb, opium, barks, quinine, and other medi cines which are usually imported into this couutrv are adulterated, aud comparatively woithIe=a.— XVha; criminality, wjiat recklessness, what inhu manity, to be sure, does uot such a result bring to light I ' IIuw many lives—how many hundreds of human lives—must, there not have been sacrificed to the infernal love of mouey,'which'must actuate men who will thus sacrifice the live*'of their fcl- low-ci ea'urcs for paltry lucre! Truly, truly “man’s iubumanity to miiu make's countless thousands [N. If. Herald. read aud travel, aud the impulse was given iu every State of the Uniou, causing 'cxtraoruinary efforts and outlays to secure their benefits; yet it is cer tain, that few of us justly appreciate or estimate tfie comforts, the benefits, and tfie influences which they have already given to man- Although railroads were hint used in England, and next adopted by us, the system is not confined to those countries where the English language is spqken;bu£it is extended throughout Europe— into the heart of Russia, and also to India ! and it q;ay he safely estimated that tbe entire expendi ture, withip the last twenty-one years, in the pro jection and construction of railroad's, will net tall short of oue thonsaud millions of doljara! an n- luouut, enormous as it is, that will fall far short of the increased value they have given to property, besides their influence in facilitating business in reduciug the expense and time of travel, aud in qpeniug up new regions of couutry. These benefits and these influences are, ns yet, only beginumgtobe felt—the time will cuine when all our great thoroughfares, from the Atlautic cities to the extremes of every part of our country— even to the sfiores of the Pacific Ocean—will be by railroads/and tliese main lines will be inter sected by fhousauds of connecting aud branch railroads. AfrcitKT Building in Virginia.—The Southern Churchman says that the most remarkable of all the buildings in the Northern Neck is (bat of Strat ford,coduty of xyestaiorejaiid.ou the South buiik of the Potomac, for a fong time the property' ‘of the Leeu. It' was built for Mr. Thos. Lee, fqDier of Richard Henry Lee. He is known by the uai'ue of President Lee, or Governor Lee, having been President of the King’s Counsel, and Governor of Virginia, while a Colony/ While Governor; his house was burnt down and cither the Britiali’Gov- eminent or the toHrclian s of London built his house fqr him at great expense.' There is, we pre sume, no structure like it in' our country. Proba bly some ancient seat was the pattern. "The brick were brought from England, mid aro of the best quality. The wall oT the first story are two feet and a hulf thick ; of the second story, two feet. The present number (if rooms in the main building is 9Q. Originally there were more. T lie late Gen. Henry Lee, of the Revolution, took down some of the partiDoiis. The preseut hall is largo enough for four rooms, Besides the main building, there are lour offices, one at each curuer. containing fif teen rootps. There is also a stable, w hich, w ith the space allowed in our city stables, would hold olio hundred horses. XVheu it is considered that all these buildings are of bricks brought from Eng- lauq, atid the whole work of the best kind, it is uot to be woudered at thut tradition tnukes them to hare cost £16,003 stealing. XX’hat Chagres is like.—A correspondent of tiie NewO.rleans Bulletin, famishes the'editors of that piper with the following, concerning this fa mous little place. Tfie letter was written by a gmitleman who went out on the Falcon: "Chagres has about sixty houses, or rather thatch ed huts, f r they are built entirely of reeds, aud are unlike anything I ever saw before.. With but a few exceptions, the inhabitauts are ‘‘wool ly beaded negroes;” aud it was a funny bight to u live New Yorker, on his going nu Deck tlio day we arrived, to see about a Joz-u canoes bur- rouutjing the ship, and tbe persons in them with out auy tiling on, larger than the fig leaf that Adam wore, aud mauy of them uot with that. The la dies bn shore, aud in their shops, dress mostly in white, or highly colored dresses,"aud are coustaut- ly smoking. ’ The arrival of this ship is quite a ‘.‘god send," as it is supposed that at least 84000 will be left with them. XVe go up the Chagres'river to fSenue, about 50 miles. The charge is $60 for a cauoe, Distress in the Cold Region.—Tho Boston Post received from,Mr. J. Parker, the following extract of a letter from his brother at Salt Fran cisco. Its statements have nu air of exaggeration, yet there may he truth iu them: “A state of distress and suffering prevails here, such as tbe world probably never before b$w. People Were no eager to get gold that they only thought how to get hero. ’ Thousands upou thou- sandshave rushed here, bringing no provisions with them, trusting wholly for their supplies from what could be obt>,/ued here. There was none raised here. All rtiahed to the miues. The sup ply brought from abroad is nearly exhausted, and hundreds have already died, aud thousands more wdl die from starvation, and by the band of each other.. Sickuess racer a# famine increases, nud men uo ,u- have become demons goaded to insanity hy him- j ger, and if yon have auy regard for a brother, for rSn/Tii into cliiil mf* Kiimn nmvSainn* in Can ITf for five persons, aud $25 for u siugle passenger.- At Die end of the caoal navigation, tuu'es ure em ployed for Panama. A boat has j-tst arrived from Senua, and the report is, that the United States agent sent a head the moment he landed, had or would euguge every conveyance he could for his government, mid the pastcugers would probably [te detained three weeks there, and furth'-r, that owiiig to the large number of perrons in 1‘ann'ina waiting For the steamer of the 5th of January, vfio have paid their pasbtige, that many now in “this crowd’.’ would n(it be able to leave j’aucma until the February or March steamer * 1 ' ' " the February or March steamer. 1 The Bulletin adds— Qur friend writes us in a postscript that (fieri are no business facilities for receiving and for warding goods, aud that all articles scut umicc. ui panted hy the owner or agent, will mebt mnfoubt cdly he lost. This is a fact worthy of h-.i. o re a resolution presented, but not acted upou hy the Home. To this isdicatjcL of a .mere conserve- God’s sake ship me snme provisions to Sun Fran- r m cisco as soon as possible, or I die of starvation.” L T.tt.President Elect- .en !»v leave Baton KoUge on tue 24111 uli. ou Hi CjiT* A Mr. Hoo3cr, one of the first infected i Princess, for his plantation, u in ucel»« v with the gold fever, writes' frdta California''to a \ ceed to XVashiugtou “ friond iu Boston. "If ever you think of emigre-1 number of the citizen ting,” says he, “bring vou .-i wife, for a good wife j ity culled on the Gen is the dearest article’in California.’’ There’s a him. XVo perceive b N.-i-i,- Ifo rkelforyou! XVe would uinnhis