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THE GEORGIA TELEGRAPH,
nv SAnviL j. kay*
City and Cauniy Printer.
TERMS—For tho paper strictly in advance,#-’ 50
cr annum.
Fr*m WUmerand Smith's Europe*n Tims. Dec. 1.
■The Col ion Trntlo mid 11» »*ro*pocl«.
The extreme interest which lm* teen tuid if taken
n tho article of cotton, on account ol »ta vn«t unpor-
tanco whither connected with the employment of
thousands of the poorer popnlation. or a» a commodi-
tr terrains tho batiaof the greatoat commercial inter-
between thii country and America,induce*
me in siveyou a few idea* upon the prospects and
«ti». a) of the coming crop, which I hope will be ac-
eeii. .Ido toyonr reader*. ... „ ,
So much ha* been aaid opon thia subject that manjr
would imagine no new phnaa could bo delineated,
and no fresh interoat excited; but cotton is like tee
old woman'* cru»e of oil—the crop never fail*, except
with tho vocacioua, and the intercat never ceaae* by
reaaonofit* oacillation. • . .
Mach h«* beeu written upon the assumption that
cotton would advance considerably, iwd which may
now bo chronicled aa "prophecie* fulfilled, and it
may appear aomewhat preaumptuon* to continue the
~eln of tho,o gone before, hut I «imply ask torn con-
•{deration of facto and an impartial mind.
It moat be boroo in miud that I am writing under
unfavorable elrrumatancc; the tldo i* against me, and
price* aro expected by *omo to fall, but my object u
to point out the/af are courao of the market, aud leave
the daily fluctuation* to tboao ephemeral apooulators
who beget their own destruction.
It would be needle** for me to copy table* showing
how the American* hnvt increased their manufaetp-
ries.or to assert that thoy have been unparalleled in
their pewer* of prodoction and consomptioiN consi
dering their in(nucjjf| «M* science No nation lor a
aeriona of year* (through great andamall crop.) ever
increaitAber manJu.faiy* *o taptdiy and gradnally
a* Amenca. And why, I ask, Mho to standstill
thia year? AH advj&aa for mcntl paat inform na of
additional capital belns expended in tho erection of
milla, and tho determination of tho President to pro
tect and extend thia branch of uativo industry. v\ e
ronat, therefore, naturally expect that gradual an-
naal iocreaae conauracd thia as in former year*, which
upon tho average of twenty years, has been only
aboot 11.000 bales per annum, but opou the last six
year* 1.1.000 halos. There i* thi* important point in
considering tho consumption of Amenca. anil must
be given in my favor this year—tl»t. whatever the
crop ha* been, no impediment over prevented the
•toady increase of consumption being continued in
America. Although a deficit between one crop and
another once occurred of half a million of bales, null
the Increased conanmption wa* again apparent on the
abort crop. Now. America last year consumed 530.
800 bales; this yaar alio will probably take 545.000
baiec
Franco and the north of Europe last year took 6 70,-
000 bags, aud seldom wa* ever the continent *o com
pletely * wept of cotton a* she wa* laat year. The
stimulus given to tho cultivation of science in this
country appear* moat extraordinaiy. notwithatond
log war*, internal commotion*, and tho beggary of
the population. A latent deaire to nae every energy
and skill teems to be strongly marked in the increase
of their various ninnnfactnred fabric*, and their fin e
competition with England. But their ingenuity la
practised and appreciated roost in their own country,
tor they themselves are their owu consumer,, in gcu-
eral they pay more for their cotton than wc do, come
ooentlv cannot meet o* often in the foreign market.
We are quite content that they ihould increase their
milla, and eonaunie the produce of them, withoutcom
petition, ami congratulate them upon their annual ex
tension. Iff put down their consumption at 750.000
hags.it willbe below the average Incroaaeoftho laat
two year*, which has been about 100,000 bag* each
year. America, therefore, taking .'45,000 ling*, and tho
continent750,000 bag*, together 1,305,1100 bags.leaves
for Great Britain 1.0!i5,0d0 bag* oat of a c op of
800,030; to this we must add probable stock 31 at Dec.
lea* amount received of the new crop—aay 1 go,000
bag*. Total 1,135,000 b»g*.
I could imagine the reader immediately saying
“thi* ia absurd, if the crop is short, aay 3,300,000. ol
course of France aud America will take leas.” But
wait awhile. The Americans will nnlurally aell
their cotton to those who will give moat money for it.
8o far thia year, the American* tlicmaelvr*. and the
French, have been the chief buyer*. Cotto* now i*
much dearer in Havre than in Liverpool. The stocks
in the mannfacturing district* of America were never
•o light as at the close of the past season; the conse
queues ha* been, and if, that the American* are free
purchaser*. Tho tame remark applies to France;
that conatry was driven* to her last extremity; she
had scarcely a bale left; they were buying cargoes to
arrive a* if'they had been corn; and mo-o recent sta
tistics show us that. aincc the 1st September this
year. Great Britain has had exported to her only 33,-
000 bags. whilst to tho continent bavo gone 4.7,000
bags. While wo are talking about short time, these
two countries ore working long time; they have re
source* within themselves independent of Great Bri
tain; and to supply their popnlstioa will*4>o their aim,
whether we do or not. Depend upon it, France and
America will not use one hale less to accommodate
us; on the contrary, both eounrrie* would glory in
ousting English goods from their market*, that their
produce, labor, nud capital may be enjoyed among
themselves.
But now comes the old bngbesr, Liverpool and all
her concomitants, spinners aud stocks, prices aud
speculators. There are few men who are worthy of
the aamo ofa speculator. 1 know some, but the ma
jority are aa frightened of an American steamer as
they would be were they to see a certain slip of pa
lter commencing, ‘‘By the Grace of God, Amen,”
when all tho timo it's only n writ of error. No; un
less man. when they buy cotton, can make up their
minds to hold for six months they are better ont of
tbs market. I am always glsd to seen few checks
beemase the strong take the position of the weak.—
There is money still in Cotton, bnt not for the waver
ing and ons-ponudurt. The extent of the crop must
be the needle to guide all; not receipts or exports, lie-
cansc all these work according to circorostauces; but
those who can come at tho probable yield will be
MACON
TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 8, 1850.
Public Meeting*
The Citizens of Macon sod oil who ore interest
ed in the prosperity of Central, Southern and
I Southwestern Georgia, are requested to meet at
the Council Chamber on Thursday Evening tho
10th instant at T o’clock, P. M. to remonstrate
against the lata unjust change of Schedule on tho
State Road, which is calculated greatly Co injure
the business prosperity of this section, aud to des
troy the travel between Cherokee aud tbo lower
part of the State.
City Election.
The following is the result of the election held
in this city, on Suturday last, for a Mayor and
eight Aldermen, to servo for tho eutuiog year:
For mayor.
GEO. M. LOGAN,* 261
S. T. CHAPMAN 242
For Aldermen.
Z. T. CONNER,* 287
HENRY G. ROSS,* 2 ®6
ROBERT FINDLAY,* 289
THOS. J. SIIINHOLSER,* 293
WM. DIBBLE,* S**
BENJ. F. ROSS,* 267
WM. COLLINS,* 2C3
Dr. JAMES M. GREEN,* 249
.L. J. GROCE, 227
C. A. ELLS, 213
GEO. W. TRICE, 191
ALBERT MIX 223
WM. S. ELLIS, 175
A- P. POWERS,-..- 235
W. B. LANIER 221
W. B. WATTS 07
For Clerk and Treasurer.
nussn and Woutem Ball Hoad
The annual meeting of the Stockholders of this
Company, took placo at their Office, in thia city,
on Tuesday lust, when tho reports of the President,
Isaac Scott, Esq., and the Superintendent, Mr.
Footo, wore presented and read. Tho reports of
these officers indicate a high state of financial
prosperity, and prove that the affairs of the Comps
ny have been most ably and judiciously msnsged
From these reports it appears the iucome of the
Road for the year ending an January 1st, amount
ed to 9198 <67 93; the expenses to $87,698 67—
leaving nett earnings, $110,769 26. Of the earn
ings, $112,270 88 were for freights, $74,808 59
for passengers, aud $10,100 for mail service. The
whole number of passengers who travelled upon
thi* road during the year, is put down at 35,517,
aud the total distance run by all the Engineer*of
the Company, in tho same time, was 149,184
miles.
While upon this subject we cannot forbear a
pawing tribute to the energy aiid enlightened zeal
evinced by the President and officers of this Com
pany in their management of this road. The Ma.
con and Western Rail Road, in all ita appointments
and management, is the Model Rail Road of the
country. For safety, speed and regularity, it is
not furpswed by any line of equal length North or
South. It has been the effort of many evil minded
persons to excite hostility and prejudice against
this road, by charging that it it owued by North
ern capitalists, aud managed by a Northern direc
tion. Neither of these charges are true. Geor
gians a* well as Northern men are stockholders,
while eight of the twelve Directors of the Compa.
ny, including the President, reside in the Slate.
We are induced to make these remarks because
we have discovered, iu certain quarters, au effort
to make the impression that there is a natural an
tagonism between the interests of this road and
those of the- Western and Atlantic Rail Road.
A. R. FREEMAN—no opposition.
Ol the Aldermeu elected, six are Whigs and two j ■p bereno ua tural antagonism betweou this road
Democrats.
Those marked thus (*) are oloeted.
EP* We ate under obligations to Messrs. Cobb,
Huckett, Haialion, and Ovveu, of :be House,and
Mr. Dawson of theSenate, for valuable public docu
ments,for wh : cb wo return oar thanks.
■’raspeda of Cotton.
We publish in another column from Wilmcr's &
Smith’s European Times of Dec. 1, au interesting
aud valuable lr'icle relative to tho prospects and
price* of the present cotton crop. It will be per
ceived that this article fully corroborates the views
of other well informed writers whose articles we
have repeatedly placed before oar readers daring
the last three months. We commend this article
to the attention of our planting friends.
and the Western and Atlantic, but, on the contra'
ry, the strongest reasons exist why tho , moat
friendly aud hnrmouious feelings should prevail;
aud if this is not the case, we are awured the fault
is with other parties, aud not with the officers of
tbo Macon aud Western Rail Road. The present
schedule, as lately adopted, and ut present run by
the State Road, by which passengers by the Ma
con and Western Road are thrown ontof connexion
with the former road, indicates pretty clearly the
quarter from which this autagonism comes. The
old schedule of the State Road, as run for 18 months,
was to leave Atlanta at 1 P. M-, and, returning, ar
rive iu Atlanta at 11 A. M., connecting bolh way*
with the Georgia and Macon and Western Roads.
The schedule lately adopted, and at present run
by the State Road, leaves Atlanta at half-past 8
A. M., and, returning, arrives at 4 o’clock, p. M..
I. c tier* front Gov. Troup. ... . ....... ..
Wo copy. i„ another column, from the Mobile ( k~pm S ,n connex ' oa - h ,ho Koad
- 1 bnt breaking it with the Macau and Western.
prt
thoao to make money. One thing is certain, the sap.
ply to Great Britain will be small if the crop is only
*.300.000. Then comes in the old cry, “short time.”
It is curious to watch the manamvres spinners adopt.
Short time they have sworn they would carry out,
ever sines Cottea was 3d. cheaper; it is really laugh
able. Do we hear of or see anv cotton mills being
closed? or do we dream of additions being made? Do
we hear of short time, or do we not read of Justices
breaking tbo laws of the Ten Hours’Bill! Do we
spe man. women, and children in the streets ia search
of employment, or do wo read of them petitioning
Government to enforce their act to save their bones?
Has the export trade failed? No. Has the home de
mand vanished? No. But, say apionera, “Here we
are ia a fix, cotton has risen 3d. a pound from the low
est point (yarns more, but don't metion that.) and we
mast say pressnt prices aro dangerons, and we will
work short time. We own we shall not get sufficient
from America foronr.wants, so,we must put a bold
face on it, and secure what we can in the meantime.”
Bat how do you think this short time Is effected?—
Pimply by using better cotton then they did before;
for instaurc, tbo man who used to give 5]d gives now
td. Jfthe Financial Reform Association will frac-
tionise this modeofeonsaming less, show the economy
of purchases, with tho power of speculators to hold
the surplus at 9 per cent, then all alarm will cease,
and speculators will be themselves again. 1 am
afraid, however, that this curtailment of consumption
will bo a* to the proportion of profits. Let not, there,
fore, holders be alarmed by any cries from that too
wr/1 known quarter, Manchester, but keep America
in view, and according- to the extent of the crop so
will your profit* be measured. It had almost forgot-
ton to say the 1,195,000 hales, America's proportion
of our supply, will, at the present consumption and
export for eleven months, be used up by the week
ending 15th September, 1850.
I should not now hava made any remarks upon the
present state of tho market, were it not lor the vacilla-
ling opinions of men and the ludicrous position of af
fairs. The steamer arrived on Wednesday, yet men
eoold not make np their minds whether to sell orbny;
opinions were as variable as the frozen countenances
on 'Change, and brokers straggled through 3000 bales.
The facts of the case are simply these The exports
to Grest Britain were only 3000 for the week, and no
C rebates were being made for England, our limits
ing too low; prices bad advanced in the 6outh but
not in the North. A frost had taken place in South
Gendina on tho 1st and 2d ultimo, and a telegraphic
announcement to the 12th from Mobile and New Or
leans. also states a killing frost had taken place in
both those sections. The rivers being low at New
Orleans, the receipt* were loss than in 1847; bnt tho
rivers being high st Mobile. Savannah, Florida, Ac.
the receipts were large. But bow stands the specu
lator for June next? All rsliaUe firms reduce their
estimates ofttie crop to 2,000.000 bales; 100,000 moro
is looked upon aa extreme; the number of days allow
ed for picking, that is, from bloom to frost, is fewer
than ever knowu. In Georgia planters have eagerly
seised upon present prices, hot Georgia is not Ameri
ca, and planters aro now beginning to discover their
errors. Stock here is becoming "beautifully less,"
and spinners are daily making a serious inroad upon
their stock. Apprehensions very justly are enter
tained aa to the extent of supply for the next three
months: merchants dare not send ont order* without
this tnstket advances. One thing is certain, at this'
present moment we have scarcely three days’con
sumption afloat which may arrive between this snd
the middle <>! December, sod it will certainly take
very many weeks beyond that period before we can
receivo anything of consequence, seeing that the cot-
ton is not yet hoagbt. Parties ore afraid to advance,
and all sro wailing for prices to settle; but. even if
honght, the ship has to load and sail, which may oc
cupy six weeks, St> late will be arrivals of all pur.
chases negotiated- for subsequent to this date (1st
nee.) that none can view the future without consider
able apprehension, at the same time it will cause
those to value the investments hero which their pru
dence pointed, out as exceedingly lucrative. I am,
Ac. Cai.cri.ATOR.
Marrugi —Nature and nature’s God smile pro-
pitiously qp.iii the uniua that;; sweetened by love
sndsui ’. t ii.-d by the law. Tho sphere of our allec-
tiont is enlarged, ami our pleasure takes widerrangr.
Wo becom ■ moro important and respected among
•sen, and existence itself is douldy enjoyed with o.,r
svftvrself. Misfortune loses half its saguish beneath
the * nothin-- inflinnoeoflicr smiles, snd triumph be
comes more triumphant wlieji »h..rrd with her. With-
nut herwhsti* HKin? A luviug ::ml restless being;
arivsn at pleasure by ron-vu ties peculation, and cbeat-
«d Intomurry by fur .!«, hope*, the mad victimofun-
tum,..l pss.i,and the disappointed | itrsner of
” ‘ " i her he awakens to a life.—
r and nobler than the narrow
nent—that is centtercii with
ud illuminated by a clearer
Register, two letter* from the distinguished patriot
whoso nama heads this article. These letters
were addresued by Gov. Tronp to a gentleman
in Mobile, who furnished the Register with copies
for publication. Although the author of these
letters has reached the advanced age ol "three
•core years and ten,” aud for tb“ last twenty years
bat lived iu tho quiet seclusion of his borne—be
manifests a familiarity with the progress of events
and a knowledge of public affairs far beyond the
ken of many who have participated actively in the
conflicts of the day. In the discussion ol the ques
tions embraced in these letters, Gov. Tronp ex
hibits a vigor of intellect worthy of the best days
of his manhood. The Missouri Compromise and
the Ordinance of ’87, are analyzed with great
clearness, and the constitutional right* of the
sluveliolding States vindicated with an ability that
will command goneral admiration. The text-*-
the times—the character of the writer, the moral
aud patriotic virtues of whom, in all the elements
that adorn public or private station.'or ennobles
manhood, will secure for these letters all that we
coull ask, the attention of the country.
Tbo ,’nnscogee Democrat.
In the Democrat of December 28th, the lata
talented editor, Dr. L. F. W. Andrews took leave
of his patrons in an appropriate and well written
valedictory. The Democrat has passed into the
hands of Wm. H. Chambers, Esq., who will here
after be its editor. Mr. Chambers is a gentleman
of character and education, and we feel confident
will prove a valuable accession to the democratic
press. He has changed the title of the paper from
“Muscogee Democrat” to “Southern Sentinel,
and will in a few weeks don an entire new dress.
\Ve tender to the new editor our earnest and cor
dial wishes fur his snccess.
Benton anti bin Prospects.
A correspondent of the Richmond Enqnirer,
writing from St. Louis, and whose statements,
says that paper, may be relied upon as eorrect (
gives it as bis opinion that Col. Benton is destined
to meet with "an utter and ignominious defeat,
such as no man ever experienced from a once de
voted—aye, ardently devoted constitnency.” Thi*
correspondent then gives his reasons for this opin
ion. and among other things he says that ninety
prominent members of the last Legislature, six
teen ont of the twenty J udges, and all the mem
bers of Congress but one, are against Benton. He
adds: “ No sensible, honest man can be found in
the whole State who will not readily admit that
Benton stands do earthly chance for a re-election
to the Senate.”
\Ye aro not inimical to the interests of the Geor
gia Rail Road. But the Western and Atlantic
Rail Road belongs to the whole people, and it*
officers should see that in its management, while
the promotion of tho State’s interest should he
paramount, its appointments, iu all other respects t
should be perpendicular, ns betiveen£the interests
of all other Companies.
By the present schedule of the W. & Atlantic R
Road passengers by the Macon and Western Road,
are compelled to stop a day at Atlanta. Was this
change called for, either by the interest of the
State, or the convenience of the travelling public?
Let the voice of those having an interest ia tho
matter be heard, apd when beard let it be
obeyed by the officers of the rood, who are tho
servants of the whole people, and not of a corpora
tion.
Kentucky Convention adjourned.
This body adjourned on the 21st ult., after issu
ing and address giving a birds eye view of the
proceedings for a new constitution. It had been
in session three months. Garrett Davia’a Native
Americau proposition was rejected, 69 to 6. The
.changes made in the Constitution are to be sub
mitted to a vote of the people. They are as fol
lows:
“The biennal session of the Legislature limited
to sixty days; expressly prohibiting the Legisla-
FBOH VASBUIOTOtr.
[cOliKESPONDENCI OFTHK GEORGIA TELEGRAPH.]
Washington, Jan. 1, isso.
The Progress or Business—-Congress—
Office-sceking™ Giddings ami Yl'Ill-
tbrop-—Cuttlug out Work) etc.
With the exception of the election of a Speaker,
Congress have done nothing. They had four
days’ holiday last week, and will take a little this,
in view of Christmas aud New Year’s Day. “ All
work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” and
this saw is a maxim on which Congressmen prac
tice.
Many of the more indnstriona have been crowd
ing the Departments, to attend to business for
their constituents; and some of the Whigs have
been seeking office for their friends. Tho Admin
istration is cautious in this particular, just now >
and wishes to' fie low, until the fate of nominees
before the Senate is known. There will and mast
be rejections. It is a singular fact, that Whigs
themselves have come hither from the North, to
inilaeuce Senators agsinst voting for the confirma
tion of Whig men holding office. The idea is, lor
the Whig outs to get iu. It is merely a scramble
for the ■•spoils.” which the Whigs so much bated
wheu, like the fox, they looked upon the grapes as
sour.
Messrs. Giddiogs and Winthrop, the Ohio Abo
litionist and the Massachusetts Free Soiler, had
sharp words in the House on Thursday. Gid-
dingshad voted against Wimhropfor the Speaker-
ship, because he was not ultra enough for him;
aud Winthrop pronounced statements of Giddings
to be false; and Giddiogs retorted in similar lan
guage. The latter was permitted, by the courtesy
of the House, to make a flaming abolition speech
ending in smoke, as usual, and failing to set fire to
the Potomac.
It is a great mistake to treat such people with
respect. They are madmen, and a strait jacket
would better suit their recreant limbs. All they
want is to make capital for home consumption!
The more notice token of them, the more they are
inflated with fancied importance.
Both Houses to-day cut out a large amount of
work, aod the committees just announced already
have their hands full.
The President, it is known, lias sent emissaries
into California and New Mexico to tench the peo
ple bow to proceed with legislation, and how to
make State Governments. For the information
of the pnhlic, a resolution was passed in the House
to-day, calliug upon bis Excellency fur all the in.
formation in relation to the subject. He may fur
nish just so much as suits his Cabinet, and with
hold the fast that Mr. King, of Georgia, was de
spatched to California to pull the wires, with a
Senator’s seat in' prospect.
Mr. Root, of Ohio, is at his old tricks. He in
troduced a resolution, instructing the Committee
on Territories to bring in a bill or hills providing
Territorial Governments for the territory acquired
from Mexico, prohibiting slavery therefrom. Mr.
Stepheus, of Georgia, moved to lay it npon the
table; but the motion did not,prevail—yeas 83-
nays 101. No further action was taken before the
adjournment. There were over forty members
absent, and this canuot he considered a fair test.
It is, however, a fact, that not one Southern man
voted against laying npon the table.
In the coarse of the day five or six memorials
were presented from different parts of the coun
try against the appointment of Chaplains in the
army, navy, and Congress. The memorialists say
it is unconstitutional t and, as the Government
canuot answer for the Chaplains at the bar of God,
it ought not to be asteJ to support them. The
Committee on tbeJudiciaiy lmvc this subject be
fore them.
The announcement of the standing committees
was received with interest. It may be interest
ing to your readers to know how Mr. Cobb ar
ranged tho most important of them. On the
Ways and Means, are Messrs. Bayly of Va.,
Thompson of Miss., Green of Mo., Hubbard of
N. II., and Jonea of Teno., Democrats, and
Toombs ol Georgia, Diler of N. Y., and Hampton
of Penu., Whigs. Five from slaveholding, aud
four from non-slavehuMing States. For the Dis
trict of Columbia—l?rowu of Miss., Inge of Ala.,
Fuller of Maiue, lltsnmoiid of Md.; Democrats ;
and Messrs Toombs aud Stephens are being abus
ed roundly, by tho whig press even as far south a-
Viririnia. Here, those wliigs who aro in the coir
fidenco of the Administration, are very bittern
gainst them, very bitter indeed. They charge on
these gentlemen and those acting with them, the
defeat of Winthrop, and seem to think it hard that
they followed their own courso ever since. Mr.
Winthrop’s speech referred to above, in which he
protested vehemently, that in tho administration of
the speakership, his aim had been so to construct
the committee on territories and that on the dis
trict oi Columbia, as to carry out tho purposes
of tho anti-slaveryites, while seeming to accord
to the South its rights. This, he did, by placing
as a southern man on each, a representative from
the south known to look leniently, if not favora
bly on abolitionism.
Great anxiety has been felt by the members
for the past week to about how Mr. Speaker
Cobb designed making np the standing committ
ees. Every ambitions member thinks himself
best qualified for some prominent placo upon
Borne favorite committee, and as almost every
member is ambitions, all are eager to he prefered.
I care not with what good judgement and just
ice Mr. Cobh may settle this matter, he cannot
give satisfaction; for the truth is, that in the dis
charge of this duty no previous presiding officer
of the House hns ever satisfied “all hands.” I
dont know whether I hove previously remarked,
that when the whigs voted so unanimously the
plurality rule, they fancied that they had every
thing cut and dried for securing the election of
Winthrop. They calculated that at least three of
the northern democrats who voted for Cobh
would throw away their votes, in which case Win
throp would have succeeded by one plurality, as
they were certain of 100 for him. So all their
bragging about having come forward to place
Mr. Cobh in tho chair by supporting the plnrality
scheme, is sheer humbug, for these men designed
to deceive those at a distance who do not know
what goes on here from personal observation.
Tho usurpation of Tiger Island by the British
is the subjet matter most discussed here iu politi
cal circles. The news of this affair was indeed
calculated to produce deep excitement among the
public men cow in Washington, more especially
since iu the message, Mio administration was
pleased to bow humbly to all the demauds of
Britian iu the matter then in dispute between the
two governments. To say the least of it, after
the blood and tlAinder muttered by Mr. Clayton
against France, in the matter of the “keg or two
of tobacco,” all here were overwhelmed with as
tonishment, to find tho administration not daring
to call its soul its own, as against England. It is
now of course feared thnt its ultra federalism (in
volving, as that always has, entire subinissivcness
to whatever England wills) will lead it to put up
with tho doings of Mr. Chatfield, without bo much
even as a demand lor a why or wherefore. Whigs
of mind and character, hew their heads in shame
already, iu anticipation of such a course on tlie
part of tlie cabinet.
To day in thelloDse lire standing committees
were announced.
You will perceive that Mr. Speaker Cobh, in
their arrangement, stands staunchly by the consti
tutional rights of the South. The provisoists win
ced terribly ns tlie committees on the District of
Columbia, on tbo Judiciary aud the Territories
wero announced. Mr. Root moved a resolution
directing the committee on territories to bring in
n bill prohibiting slavery in the territories of New
Mexico, pending the consideration of which, the
House adjourned. Your renders may not know
that the people of that territory, iu conventions,
have receutly solemnly pretested agaiusl the in
terference of Congress in their institutions, de
clining to place in their proposed state constitir
tiou any provision respecting slavery, leaving the
subject to take care of itself.
Congress 1ms adjourned over until Thursday,
wheu an attempt to elect the clerk, sergeant at
arms aud door keeper will bo o«s«yed.
* SYLVIAS.
[3P The following abstracts of the reports of
the War and Navy Departments, are from tho
Richmond Republican:
Report of tlie Secretary of War,
The present strength of tho army is less than the
organization provided by law. Of 1200 regular
troops in California since the 1st of J auuury, the
desertions within the first eight months have equal
led two-fifths of that number.
The Secretory recommends that a bounty be nl-
lowed to each recruit eulisted at or near frontier
and remote stations, especially iu Californio, Ore
gon aud New Mexico, equal to tho cost of trails,
portin'- and subsisting a recruit from the general
depot to the place of enlistment; the bounty tube
divided into instalments, and tho largest amount
paid to the soldier on his discharge.
It is suggested that the numerical strength ol
each company at the several military posts on our
eastern portion be increased to 74 privates, and a
part of the infantry be mouuted as emergencies
^IUs suggested whether the object iu authorizing
brevet commissions, is not accomplished by retain
in'-them ns honorary distinctions, aud restricting
the officers holding them to their lineal rank and
pay, according to tho commissions by which they
are mustered in their respective regiments and
ture from contracting »ny debt, save for tho ex-, , ,
ponses of tbo government, without the assent of j Tay lor of Ohio, MoUon of \ a., C. H. 11 illiams of
the people; the appointing of judges by vote of ; Teun., and Walter luderhill of N. Y-, Whigs, and
the people, and appellate judge lor eight years, . Allen ol Massachusetts, Abolition Free Soiler.
and circuit jud ? elWrix ? ye.ra;_ the clerk, of .he , ^ Soatbern> fourXorIbcrn roen . For , be Ju -
I7oo. ilnivtjl Cobb.
The Hon. Howell Cobb, the present Speaker
of the House of Representatives, says the Raleigh
(N. C.) Standard, was horn in Georgia on tbo 7ib
September, 1815, and is consequently in the 35th
year of bis age. He is the son of Col. John A.
Cobb, who, when quite a boy, removed from Pitt
county, in this State, with this father.
At the age of nineteen, Howell Cobb graduated
at the University of Gonrgia, and at the ago of
twenty-one ho was admitted to the bar. Here ho
rose rapidly to distinction. In 1842 he was elect
ed to Congress, and he has been successively re*
elected ever since. He belongs to tho old Jack,
son Democracy, and bis popularity among his
constituents is anboanded.
Mr. Cobh’s fitness and abilities for the impor-1
taut post to which be has been chosen by the Re
prosontolives of the people, are testified to by men
of all parties. The correspondent af the Balti
more Sun, speaking of the probability of bis elec
tion, says:
‘•There is bnt one opinion about Mr. Cobb, vir:
than he ia a man ! friends and foes are obliged to
admit it: aud the free .oilers themselves have
nothing but extremo partisanship to plead in ex
cuse for their opposition to him- Mr. Cobb is a
Southern man with Southern feelings: but he is
attached to the Uuion, and is, on that account, the
man for the crisis. Tbeloveisof the Uuion, and
tho lovers of constitutional right* of the Sooth
aro alike interested in the election of Howell
Cobb.”
several courts, sborriffs, justices of the pence, and
constables, and all other couuty officers, aud offi
cers of tiie militia, are also to he elected by the
people; the diffusion of knowledge has been se
cured by the dedication of the school fund to pri
mary schools; the relation between master aud
slave remains as it was uuder the old constitution;
no slave shall be emancipated but upon condition
that such emancipated slave shall he sent out of
tho State.”
The Convention is to reassemble on the first
monday ia Jaaenext, to proclaim the new Consti
tution, provided it shall receive tho approval of
the people.
Great Britain—Supply of Colton.
The fullowiug singular, hut thoughtful passage,
occurs in the last British book upon the United
States—Mackey's Western World.
« As regards the supply of cotton,” says Mack-
ay, “we are as much at the mercy of America as if
we were starving, and to her aloue wo looked for
food. She need not withhold her wheat; Amer
ica could starve ns by withholding her cotton.—
True, it is as much her interest as onrs to act dif
ferently ; and so long as it continues so, no diffi
culty will he experienced. Bat a combination oi
circumstances may be supposed, iu which Arneri- ccr * -
ca at little cost to herself, might strike us an irre
coverable blow ; a crisis might arrive, when, by
momentarily crippllog oar industry, she might
push in and deprive us of tbo markets of the
world. And who, should the opportunity arise,
will gnsranty her foibearance? Fill England with
the provisions—let her harbors be chocked and
her granaries bursting with their stores; what a
spectacle wou’d she present on a stoppage of oue
year’s supply of cotton ! It wonld do more to
prostrate her in the duet than all the armaments
which America and Europe, combined, could hurl
against her. What a tremendous power is this in
the hands of a rival.”
And yet this tremendous power is altogether de
pendent upon the continuance of au institution,
which receives the fiercest denunciations from a
large portion of professiug patriots.
diciary—James Thompson of Penn., M iller of Ohio,
Meade of Va., Veoahle of N. C., Wellborn of
Geo., Democrats; A-hmau of Mass., Morehead of
Ky., Thadeus Stevcus of Pa., Whigs, and Preston
King, Freo Soiler. Four Southern and five North
ern men. For the Territories—Lion B >yd of Ky.
Richardson of Ill. Seddon of 'Va., Kaufman of
Texas, Fitch of Indiana, Democrats ; Rockwell of
Mass., Clingman M N. C., Gott of New York,
Whigs, and the visitable Joshua R. Giddings, a
red-mouthed, cut-Uiroat Abolitionist. He had to
be somewhere, ami he was crowded at tho tail-
end.
Four Southern and five Northern men; but
a majority of Democrat*. Root, the Free Soiler,
is on the Committee of Claims. With about three
exceptions, all thej Chairmen of the Committees
are Democrats. i
Iu tbo Senate, :vo, a large number of resolu
tions and petitions were introduced.
Both Houses ngon tako a holiday till Thursday,
when the Representatives will complete their or
ganization by Ihc ’eler.tiou of the remaining offi-
Tho President’s House is always thrown open
on the first of thi new year, and strangers and
citizens coDgregalo there, to strut, to look on the
gay assemblage, to listen to tho music, and to
shake bauds with the occupant.
METROPOLIS.
He
id to
light.
Two IxroRTAiiT Comfromisz*.—Mr. Clay aod
the Tariff"— Otn. Cass and Slavery.—Tho New-
York Dry Good* Reporter rays, and repeats that
Mr. Clay is about to iutrodoco a compromise tariff
bill, to stand for twenty years, wherein specific
and ad valorem duties are combined. It is not ac
quainted with the details, but understands that he
does not propose to raise the present scale of du
ties, hut only to substitute the specific for tho ad
valorem where it can bo done.
Mr. Forney, of the Pennsylvanian, writes from
Washington that be has every reason to anticipate
that General Cass will early take occasion to bring
forward a compromise proposition npon tho excit*
ing slavery issue. x / •
CT The experiment of laying tho wires under
the North River, made by the North American
Telegraph Company, has hoen very successful.
Tho lino is now working through fiom the office,
No. 09 WsJl street, to Washington City, by means
of gutta pereba wiro pnssing under tho North,
Hackensack, Passaic, and part of Schuylkill
rivers. Another great triumph has thus hern
achieved.
From the New Orleans Delta, Jan. I.
l.ntcst from Callforiiin.
FIFTEEN DATS LATER INTELLIGENCE.
Probable Election of Col. Fremont and Dr. Gtrims
to Ike United States Senate, and of P. 11. Bur
nett for Gooernbr, and J. McDougall for Lieu
tenant Governor.
To Mr. 8. A. Fogg, Superintendent of the tele
graph office at Algiers, we are indebted for the
following information. It is fifteen .days later
than our previous advices from California, by the
falcon. We thank Air. F. for bis polite attention
in communicating it.
Mr. Fogg says: “ I have just receired from the
Sonth-west Pass Telegraph Offico, the following
information, by schr. American, irom Chagres,
fourteen days passage, which is at your service.’
[For tke Algiers Telegraph Office.]
“By tho politeness of Mr. Wozencraft. wc are
furnished with the following items:
“ Tho resnlt of the election in San Francisco and
Sacramento cities, on the 15th of November, is
not known ; but Peter II. Burnett for Governor,
and John McDoogall for Lieutenant-Governor,
were ahead—and are, probably, elected. It was
supposed that Col. Fremont, and Dr. Gwinn, (late
of New Orleans,) would ho elected United States
Senators.
“ The rainy season bad set in earlier than nsnal,
and there was but little communication between
the mines and the cities.”
iy Negro fellows, (common field hands) sold
in Forsyth, at pnhlic sale, for over $1000. One
•old for $1080. This is higher than negroes have
sold for a number of years. We would admonish
tho planters against paying such exorbitant price*
for negroes, for if cotton wero suddenly to decline,
WASHINGTON, Jany. 2ud 1850
On Thursday last we wero treated iuthe House
to a very edify ing scene. This was criminations
and recriminations en the part of the two wings
of the northern whig party, the Giddings whig
and tbo Winthrop wiug. The object on the part
of each, was to show that it was more true to aoti*
slavery principles than the other. Root aud Gid-
ding* were the orators, of tho Sirnou Purrs, and
Winthrop, Schenk, Vinton and Rockwell of the
ultra whigs. Verily, bnt it was a high time in
deed, Giddings charged tbo Winthrop men with
electing Cobh with their eyes wide open; aud
Schenk retaliated with the accusation, that Gid-
dings & Co. had effected the election to the
speakership, of the southern slaveholder who
had done more to qnbarraa the purposes of the
abolitionists than nil the rest of the South put to
gether. That is, by refusing to support, as against
that gentleman, tit: man who had done most to
effect the ends of the anti-slavery men —Win
throp, and be then went on to prove how faithful
to abolitionism Winthrop had been, in a quiet
way. I wish I could place a copy of bis speech
iu the hands of every southern whig, by way of
teaching him just urhst the southern whig mem
bers were aboutwben they placed Winthrop in
the chair two years ago.
Winthrop himself entered into the debate gett
ing furiously angry for the first time since his ap
pearance in the Hall, He raved and roared tern'
lily, proclaiming whst Giddings said to prore him
out half an abolitionist, utterly false.
Matters are rapidly coming to a bead here, as
yon see. The northern whigs feel assured that all
the soutl.eru whig members except Toombs, and
the five Olliers, who act with that gentlemao, will
steadily refuse to act with tho southern democrats
tn case the abolishment of slavery thero is insist*
ed on. There is imminent danger that their
hopes in this connection may bo realized; for aL
though the administration has bestowed most of
tho itfices iu its gift, occurring vacancies alone,
amoint to bribcssufficicnt to bring tho action of
FKO.11 NEW-OBLEANS.
[CORRESPONDENCE of THE GEORGIA TELEGRAPH.]
NEW-ORLEANS, Jan. I, 1850.
The apathy iu the market, occasioned by the
unfavorable accounts brought by the Europa, has
disappeared; n .re-action has taken place iu every
department of trade. IVices generally have either
advanced, or are maintained firmly. The sales of
cotton have been very large. This occurring im
mediately after the receipt of adverse commercial
news from Europe, shows that our Alert-hunts will
not he controlled by foreign fancies as to the true
stateof the crop, the best part of which husalready
found its way to market. Careful enquiries and
correspondence through ail the cotton growing
States—the character of the season, the acres in
cultivation, the various pro’s and cons affecting
the yield, convinced our operators, a keen a shrew-
ed set, that good speculations might be made by
purchasing at tho current rates of last week.—
When our factors perceived the grounds on which
these operatious were being made, they naturally
tightened their grip and run the staple up a notch
cr two, so that there was a very pretty rally in the
market The quotations I send are what purch
asers are now offering, and some sales are effected
at these rates hut holders are very bidifferent, if
not positively shy. The President’s Message de
livered yesterday was received hero about two
o’clock iu tho evening. I cannot learn that it pro
duces any sensation in commercial circles.
Cotton—Stock on hand 143,658 bales
Sales for past week 35.000 bales
Decrease iu shipments to England, this compared
io last year 136,974
Increase of “ “France, .....12,983
New Orlea.it Quotations.—middling, 10J a it)];
ordinary,9J a 10j; good middliug, 10} a 10]; mid
dling fair, 10}u 11; fair, 11 all]; fine and choice
—; nominal, —; Bagging, 15; Rope, 7c; Cuflee new,
12; old 11; Rice, new 3]; old 3g; Sugar, purified 5}
n 5J; clarified, 6]a7;choice, 4} a 5; prime, 4} a 4}
do fair, 3} a 4; common, 3} a 3]; inferior, 3} a 3]
Molasses, 19 a 19]; Pork, mess 950 a 975; ordinary,
8 75; primo, 8 25; ramps 3]; Hams, common 6] a
8; Sugar, cured 9 a 11; Bacon, sides 5 a 5]; shoul
ders 3] a 4; Lard, choice 5}; Western butter, 9 a
11; Cheese, 6] a 7; Candles, 37 a 38; Flour, Illinois
4 88; St. Lobis5]; Bran per 100 lh. 98. Com, 45
a 50; good, 42 a 45; inferior Oats St. Louis 65; Ohio
55; Lime, $1]- Tobacco, leaf inferior to common
5} a 6; fair to fine 6] a 7. Exchange, Sterling 7] a
8 per cent prom; on the North, at sight ] per ceut
dis; 60 days 1] a 1} per cent dis. Freights, to
Liverpool 13-32d u }d;per bale; to New York ]d
per hale.
TheChristmos holidays interfere somewhat with
business. The weather is balmy an delicious—
clear moonlight nights—fragrant Sontbern breezes.
Tho city was never so healthy. It is crowded
with strangers, aud all,citizens and wayfares seem
in pursuit of pleasure.
TCHOriTOULAS.
corps.
A rale for relieving officers disabled ofdiseaso
and casually, is recmumeuded.Tbe uumberofsuch
officers will not probably exceed tweuty-five, and
the annual pay less than $18,090. An asylum is
also recommended for the comfort and repose of
veteran soldiet*. The Secretary pays a just tribute
to the.Military Academy at West Point.
The regular troops in New Mexico aud four com
panies of volunteer troops engaged for six mouths,
have been actively employed in protecting the
lives and property of the inhabitants against ma
rauding bands of Indians. In consequence of In
dian outrages id Florida, 1700 troops have collect
ed there within the mouth of September last, a
force deemed sufficient to give confidence to the
inhabitants uud promote the migration of the In
dians. The Indians have arranged a meeting in
council to determine on the subject of migration.
From the proffers of pence lately made by the
Camnnche nation, and their determination to ab
stain from father depredations npon onr citizens, it
is believed that the regular troops iu Texas will be
sufficient for any emergency likely to arrive.
Within the last Spriiig.airaugements were made
to place a regiment of mounted men on the route
to Oregon.
The Secretary recommends the erection of forti-
; ficatious for the protection of our harbors ou the
Pacific.
Between the proclamation of Pence with Mexi
co and the period when the U. S. Revenue laws
were extended over California, a large amount was
collected by officers of the army, as duties on im
pollutions in tbcseverul ports of that Territory.—
Tho Secretary, recommends that their acts be
affirmed; the officers, however, being required to
account for all sums collected by them,and such
disbursements allowed ns were necessary aud pro
per for the maintenance of the anomalous govern
ment of that Territory.
Report of the Secretary of the Navy.
The Home Squadron, consisting of oue frigate,
twoslnop9 of war, two steamers, and one schooner
the w hole under the command of Commodore Par
ker, have been entirely employed among the West
India Islands, in the Gulf of Mexico, and alongthe
Atlantic Coast. The Pacific squadron, under the
command of Commodore Jones, consists of one
ship of the line, oue frigate, six sloops of war, two
storeships, and one steamer. The Mediterranean
squadron, uuder Commodore Morgau, is believed
to he larger than at any previous period, except
during the Tripoliluu war.lt consists of one razee,
three frigates, oue steamer, one sloop of war, and
one atoresbip. The Brazil squadron, Commodore
Storer, consists of oue frigate and one sloop of
war. Astoreship will sail iu a few days with sup
plies for the squadron. The squadron on the Afri
can coast, Commodore Gregory, consists of three
sloops of war aud three brigs. The squadron in the
China seas, under Commodore tieisiuger, consists
of one sloop of war aud one brig.
Tin throe} steamers built uuder contract with
Arnold Harris, for the Panama and Oregon mail
line, are actively employed upon that service. Of
the five steamships contracted for by Collins aud
Co. for the New York and Liverpool line, it is pro
bable the Atlantic will be ill reudiuess by the 1st
ol January, the Pacific by the 1st of March; two
others uot till 185G,and there is no information of
i he probable period of the completion of the filth.
The Secretary expresses au opiniuuadversptu em
barking any further iu the proposed union of pub
lic and pr.ta’e means in the system of our steam
ers.
“The sum appropriated by Congre s, and in
cluded in the uavy appropriations, for the trails-
portation of the United States mail between New
Vwrk out) Livorpa-l, between New Y«»r)i oml New
Orleans,' Havana uud Chagres, aod belweeu Pena-
tiiaand Astoria, areasfulluws, viz:
!iy act approved August 3, 1848, $874,600
By act approved March, 3, 1849, 874.600
Total sum appropriated, $1,749,200
Of which there has been drawn from the
Treasury the sum of 681,500
they would declino with it, and tho most discs
trous consequences would ensue. Onr advice is, J these poor creatures, who have forgotten their
never buy negroes when they are setting high, for I duly to their constituents so far as to hold com-
tliero are ten chances of their falling to one of : man ground with the northern whigs throughout
their rising. I at that ha* transpired here for tho last four weeks
Admission of California.
Every'man who reflects a little, will coincide
with the justice and good sense of the following
paragraph from tho New York Herald;
‘■California, as her constitotion is framed by the
present population, embraces n sea coast of seven
hundred miles in length. This is evidently too
large a territory for a single State, and wonld dis
turb the balance of power in other States. Be
sides that, the population of a principal part of
California havu no right to decide upou the limits
oi that State. That is a matter within the control
of Congress. Tho same view will apply to tlie
state ot Deseret, which has been organised by the
Mormons, and a constitution iorit formed, and the
limits of which interfere with those of California,,
aud are, like the other, too oxtensivo in their di
mensions for odmission as a single St-to. New
Alcxico may wish to come into the Union as a ter
ritory, aud that would ho another point of discuss
ion in regard to its limits.
Religious controversy sharpens tho understand-
nig by the subtlety and remoteness • of tho topics
it discusses, and braces the will by tfacir infinite
mportance.
Lcaviug unexpended the sum of $1,067,700
The auiunut drawn from the Treasury, viz, $681-
500 waste make the advances to the contractors
authorized by the act approved August 3, 1848.
No advance, however, has been made to either of
the coo true tors for mail steamers by this Depart
ment since the month of May last. Prior to the 4th
oi Alurch, 1849, the amount of oue year’s service
of the New Yolk, New Orleans and Chagres line
had been advanced to the proprietors, since which
no money has been drawn from the Treasury ou
account of that line of steamers, the Department
uot feeling itself at liberty, under the law uud the
circumstances, to inak» advances beyond the
amount of oue year’s service. For the Liverpool
line, advauces have been made amounting to $142,
500. in equal sums, on the steamers Atlantic and
Pacific, which advauces are secured by liucs on
the vessels.”
The opinion is expressed thnt if the Govern
ment will make kuowu its willingness and deter
mination to purchase American water rotted
bemp alone, if it can be procured at a price not
exceeding the average price paid fur theIhsiyears
fur foreign hemp, that quauties adequate to the
wants ot tho navy, aud ofa quality greatly super
ior to the foreign hemp, would ho prepared and
offered by the laruiersof the West, at such points
as would suit the convenience of the Government.
The buildiugs in connexion with the ropewalk
at Memphis, will shortly bo completed.
The Secretary does uot think il advisible to re
move the insaue of the navy from uavy hospitals
to private institutions.
No point has yet beeu selected for the location
of a uavul depot and establishment iu California.
Whenever tho condition of that country and the
prices oflabor will justify the undertaking, the es
tablishing of an&vy yard, and the construction of
a dock or marine railway for the refitting and re
pair of our vessels are earnestly recommended.
The Secretary recommends a revision of the va
rious laws passed for the regulation of tbo navy.
Of the four first class steamships authorized by
an act of March 3d. 1847, the Saranac will shortly
be ready for sea; the San Jaciulo will be ready for
service iu the spring; the other two will be com
pleted during the ensuing summer.
The Secretary asks attention to the present or
ganization of the navy, and recommends to Con
gress reduction of the numbers in the various grades
of officers to that point which will secure >t suffi
cient number in each for such a naval force as
Congress may determine is necessary and proper,
and that provision be made for a retired list for
such officers asare disqualified for active service,
on such terms and with such pay ns may he
thought liberal aud just
The Secretary recommends the Naval School at
Annopolis, under Commauder Upshur.
1 he Secretary submits “the reports from the
several bureausoftbis Department, together with
the estimates for the uavai service and for other
objects placed under the coutrol of the Deport
ment for the fiscal year ending on the 30th of
Jnne, 1851; the gross amount of which is $9,203,-
356 15, from which should be deducted the sums
for special objects, viz:
For transporting of the mail $S74,600 00
For dry dock at New York 180,000 00
For floating docks 1,085,562 00
For improvement of navy yards 854,966 00
For nautical almanac 12,850 00
Amounting to the sum of $2,998,978 00
And leaving for one year’s ex
pense of the naval service
tho sum of $6,204,378 15
The total amount drawn from the Treasury dur
ing the fiscal year ending the 30th of Juue, 1849,
as shown by tho stutement of appropriations for
the naval service prepared by the Second Comp
troller of the Treasury, is $13,1G7,966 8G; from
which deduct repayments $2,260,623 99, and the
sum of $10,898,342 87 is shown as the expense of
the uavy aud marine corps, and including all ob
jects placed uuder the control of the Navy Depart
ment for that year.
The unexpended balance in the Treasury of the
appropriations for the naval service and marine
corps on the 30'.h Juno, 1849, was 2,039,798 13.
all of which will be required to meet the outstand
ing obligations due Irom the appropriations made
(Ur that year.
The value of stores aud materials on hand at
navy yards for naval purposes, exclusive of ships
building, in ordinary, undergoing repairs and in
commission, navy yards and other public lands re
quired for purposi s of the navy, with their im
provements, is $9,853,921 21.”
From He Molr'lc Register.
Letters of Ex-Governor T„ u<|
VAf.DOSTA, LAURENS COUNTY. *"
Georgia, 15th Sept., ra,,
Mr Dear Sir ■ I have just received an/
with great pleasure, your excelleut letter r 1
2d in st. Its complimentary part evinced/, 0 ' 11,9
of disinterestedness and sincerity, that I to n>0c ' 1
its parasol, thiuhmg better of myself „-j Se , fr0D >
believing that iudeed I had dure some tinu ° n
vice to the State. A few hours before ifo. 1 '* *? r *
of it the Montgomery letters came To
nonneing the Barbacne, aud the comaiti ^ > 9U '
vitatinn were so kind as to make the ram ' eB °* '°-
which yourself, from the best motives
world, have made. Yon mov conceive tb ' n i" 19
tnnee and unfeigned regret' with which T ^
obliged to decline a compliance with theirs
now to decline a compliance with your
general suggestion in my letter, was the j:
nation, amounting almost lo abhorrence to 01,lac ‘‘-
ingiu the newspapers so often, and’ f . ap ^? r '
upon the same subject, ns if f ba( j " P e “>Hy
force my very poor opinions on a tired -n.T™ !*
ling public. I had given my view, in s'a °^
Congress, formerly and recently, and so f ° U i,° r
and I trusted so intelligibly, that I
dnlge hope that for the future I might safe? '“*
with my best friends, excuse myscTf f ro l J'
Hoc of what had on every former oren,,/ r 7* Ii "
received, frequently with ridicule aad i fel>
with abuse. It is of no consequence to
knows those views, and therefore you are^atY7 hl>
ty to use them as yon please, provided you t
me out of the newspapers. 1 * ec P
I will give you ati illustration of fcaaiicbm, •
the person of the good and gallant Lafoyetil i 0
was one of his virtues to he consistent even ii.i-
faulls—his heart was the milk of human tin/" 1 *
He had passed by Mount Vernon and shed lesl?*'
burning tears on the tomb of Washington v
received him before that with open arms and °
hausted your generous hospitalities nr/,, b :“ ***
Iu the same hour, he would have seeuthe thmT
of your women cut. and your streams rua bio^t
smiling at the havoc lie bud made. He bad i ’
prime mover in the destiny ot St. Domii,„„ ,
to the last hour of his life he sighed for a new's?
Domingo. The irreligious and immortal French
now unable to govern.themselves, are by lba |
gacy be bequeathed tbem,destroyiug them lastccd*
ouies as they destroyed St. Domingo, and won! 1
draw the sword at any moment in union with tU
Federal Government,to destroy our Southern CO u n *
It is worse than useless toccnceal any thin* from
ourselves—it is far better So lay bare the naked
truths, snd in good lime. Are we tosnrreader be
cause the civilized world, uud it may be more than
one-half of our own countrymen are agaiujt ns!-.
This is the only question worth considerm—ami
I begin by answering No, by no means, “if
are divided you can do nothing—perfect nnanmiitv
is not to he hoped for, but an approach to it mi-ht
be realized, and if realized, what then! I Mv ° ,
perfect preparedness for the last resort, by the/,
tablislimentiu every Slate, without delay, of Milh
tary Schools, Fuuuderies, Armories, Arsenals,Mm-
□factories of Powder, See. Have you not seen that
our adversaries are constantly growin" stmn-er
anti ourselves comparatively w eaker, ia all ll/el
ements of power—population—wealth—education
—military resources of all kinds; and these eoi-
taiued by u Government strong iu its military u,J
naval power—ready for combat at any time, sad
iu auy place, and ulreadv the terror of tbe world.
Have you not remarked also, that ia the very pne
portion our weakness was disclosed, in the sane
proportion our adversary advanced, until he as
saults us to our teeth, and at our (Lv-sides 1 1 ny t
then,ceasing all bluster and bravado, prepare to’
meet them on that last field, for which, if yoa he
well prepared, they will receive lisrfor blows
than they can give, and they kuciw it. Geaenl
Lafayette would not have bees detrrred by the
fear of death, from carrying into practice hii anti-
slavery notions, hut most men will; and it isoniy
the dread of death, that iu the United States will
stay the hand or stop tbe machinations of the Fa
natic. That dread you must present t» hi» iu a
visible palpable form. They kuow yon have carn
age, but where is ihe flying artillery, tbe roost for
midable arm iu modern warfare—where the as-
unions, tlie arm?, tbe discipline—aud where tlie
science to serve them in the field • if united isd
ready for the last recourse, the Union might yet
be saved by the very knowledge of onr adversary
that to a bloody field—more bloody than that of
Gheugis or Tauterluue—might he added the loss'
of Union, and the loss of the very object they;
seek to accomplish. Victory is not always to tho
strong, aud Alexander conquered the world »i li
little more than thirty thousand men. To he sure,
if the abolitionists seek disunion, they nny bare
disunion by peaceful means—nothing would be
more easy, and ns peaceful as easy, because we
want no better Constitution for our Goverumry,
tlmu tli<it -which gowrus the nbulilfnliists and uor-
selves; but if the Union is to be disrolved by
force—that is lo say, if lire ahulitiuuisl* resolve lo
force emancipation, or to force dishonor ou lbs
Southern State* by any act of Congress, then it is
my decided opinion, that with tbe military prep
aration here indicated, conjoined to a good volun
teer, instead ofa* inilitij system, the Stales should
march.upon Washington, mid dissolve tbe Govern
ment; aud just us soon us fucli overt act of Trea
son shall have beeu committed by Congress.
’Ve have always been in tbe right—are still in
the right, and I advise you to keep so. They art
the active agents of mischief nud perseentfou. We
the passive subjects. There are good nieu on tbe
other side of Mason & Dixon’s line, and they
might incline to the 6ido of on ionocent and in
jured people. Even their neutrality might be nse-
till to us—so with the Arm)'nud Navy; the justice
of our cause might divide them. I assure you,
my dear sir, few men would he more averse from
this latter alternative than myself, hut I have ne
ver thought of any euro for onr evil short of it;
aud if you cannot unitedly make np yenr minds
for it or something better, the talk about it cal?
makes thy matter worse. In this familiar snd in
formal scribbling manner I write to yon, becausel
believe you would like it best. As long as we
mairtain braggadocio style the Northern people
will laugh at us, aud 1 do uot care to he iaugbed
at, and despoiled of what we know to he oar own
at the same time. If theAbolitiouistsdo noiwislt
disunion, they would keep us in the Uuion by tbe
argument of Gen. Jackson—Once in the Coion.al-
wuys in the Union, is Federal argument; but per
haps not ns strong as Geu. Jackson’s. I would like
to bo alwnys we!! prepared lo resist these argu
ments, whether offered in the form of paper or
iron bullets. When the adversary becomes strong
enough to niter the Constitution and abolish Slave
ry, what are you to do? You must submit, or
withdraw, or resist; but withdrawal or resistance
would be vain without adequate preparedness.
Without fatiguing you, I dismiss the heart rend
ing subject, with wy heat wishes for your health
aud happiness. G. M. Trout.
Valdosta, barrens Co., Oct. 1, 1849.
Mr Dear Sir:—I have deemed it best to eafc-
mit a few general observations, in addition totboie
which I took occasion to offer in answer to your
late very able, kind and friendly letter, and ia
elucidation of them. They embraced a few rea
sons or motives for declining most respectfully a
very reasonable aud most patriotic request, which,
without a good reason, ought not to have been de
clined ; and I was willing to submit to your cour
tesy and generosity the sufficiency ol the reasons-
I superndded a word on tbe subject of remedy
for onr present grievances, to which you or re
J deased to invite my attention,—anil now I
eave to trouble you with a second, but very tnotl
’letter, explanatory a little more fully of ta> P° w
opinions in connection with that remedy.'
The illustration of Fanaticism in tbe chars'" 1 ' 9
of Gen. Lafayette, was not designed to delrs' 1
anything from the merits of that really excelleo*
man. It was his latilt—bis blot—his sin in oav
sight. Iuthe sight of onr adversary, it was hi*
crowning jewel.- At no period of our history a M
the Sooth not suffered from the false opinions, or
open treachery of Southern Men. It cost Mr-
J efferson a life of useful service to his country 1°
compensate the injury done to his own South by
his notes on Virginia, and your l’resident, Gea»**
Taylor, has just escaped from his respoasib;.** 19
by a trick. In despite of everything, men "‘;
have their thoughts, and our Constitution,
ought, gives freedom to the expression of I b t ' nL "'
May it always be so. But wheu tbe overt sc
follows the expression, the overt net bring
of the temptation of the devil, then it is. *“ 4 *
matter of such high concernment becomes a deep
ly agitating question to all concerned; aud tu
more, if such act bo the act of a government. {
is then, that in such a controversy as ours,the ow
act is likely to prove nn act of treason, aud ■ *
the action on tho one side should be met by c0 . i
pondeut action ou tho other, and so I havoad' l3t
yon to meet it.
Now, the probable action of Congress will ®
to prevent you by force of arms irom inhibit"^
territory of the United States with your negro p ^
perty, where she hns forbidden yon to carry it- i
say you have a right to go there with your ne,^.
property, and tho act of forbidding it i* an ac j
treason* against the South: producing an ac
state of war, by an open declaration on the pa- •
the Federal Governmeut, nud making us the ^
fnmlnnts in that wart It is not worth our ! " n ‘’-„ a
consider how Congress derive their power °ver_
'subject of Slavery. They do uot claim it a»a P
er exercisable within tho States—the most in .
rate abolitionists renounce it—hut they c.ami
tho territories, os if they had any more P c } vr ° r r
a subject of property there, tlmn they J® „ b .
the Trial by Jury—Freedom of Speech -c ^
gion—of the I’re*a-a*of hearing arms, or a j
secured equally to all the citizens