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1 " 1
SUET
CHARACTER IS AS NECESSARY TO A STATE AS TO A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL, AN'D THE GLORY OF A STATE IS THE COMMON FltOPEUTY OF ALL ITS CITIZENS.”
BY” SAM’J. J. RAY & THOS. L. ROSS.
MACON, GA., TUESDAY MORNING, JUNE 18, 1850.
VOL—XXIV MO. 44
THE •
Georgia Telegraph
IS PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING
BY RAT A- ROSS.
GEORGE W. JORDAN*
a TTORNEY at LAW. HAWKinsvitt.fc.JQA.—
J\_ Practice! in the set urai countiesoftlieSoothere,
Washington of ilia Middle, Wilkinson of U>e Ocmul
»**, Houston of the Flint. And Dooly. Sumter, Leo
Ind Bakorof the Southwestern Circuit*. Basinets
-strutted to Ilia core will meet with prompt atten
tion. lV*0!fice atlUwkiusville.
sept 18 5 ~'Y
•JjAYLWi & CULLENS;
A TTORNEYS AT LAW—Will practice In the
Santh west era Circuit, and in the county of Henry
Willisu Tati-ob, Fkamcis T. Collkks,
Cuti.l.rt, Randolph Co. FortGmin*, Early Co.
jOUB IP ««
A. & J. COCHRAN,
* TTORNEYS AT Law—Irwistoh, Gf.orgia.
Raving associated themselves in the prarticeuf
'thtLaW, will practice in the counties of Wilkinson,
Baldwin. Washington and Bibb, and in ail the coun
ts J, of the Southern Circuit.
i c COCKRAft, I. R. COCHRAP..
J. P. K. SAVAGE,
I A ttorney at law—tali.ahassik, fla—
will attend to any business entrusted tohia care
a the counties of Middle Florida, or enjoining coun-
ie's ia Gedriri*. He is permitted to refer to tbo fol
twine gentlemen in Georgia*
lit Excellency Gov. TrtWuk, Milledgeville.
f 0 n. H. V. Johnson, Milledgeville.
H. a. L. Atkinson and Sam'l J.Ray, Esq* Maeon.
apl K
ROBHir FINDLAY, .
Iron founder'-"''
AKD MANLTXtTWRER oY
STEAK ENGINES AND BOILERS.
A LSO, of Gearing and shaft in 3 for Mii.7.*. of eve
ry description; BARJC'AND SUGAR MILLS,
or most approved patterns; Alto, Irons fur llullock>s
celebrated Cotton Press, Gin Gear, Plates
and Bills, kept constantly on hand; the whole of
which are WARRANTED to ha of the best mate
rials and workmanship, and will be sold on accommo-
datinr terms. . . «
ffy Work Shops, opposite Presbyterian Church,
cornerof Foortb and Walnut streets.
’ Macon,May 88, 1850. 41—ly
Browns eccentric Progressive
POWER PRESS.
T HE advantage of this new POWER PRESS.
and ita superiorly overall others, as follows;
The power applied 11 multiplied 440 times, by the
Levar and Kuceutric pnlly. that is, one hnudred
pounds power applied to tbo Lever will exert a force
S4.W0 pounds on the cotton. The whole top of the
hale box isooeu to receive the cotton, and it may be
pot as near the Gin Hooke as is desired, it is three
times as powerful as a screw of lb inches dismeter.
tint has a nine iucb pitch of thread with the same
SPEECH OF ,HB. MASON, OF VA.
,Mo.vo*r, May 27. 1830.
The Senate having nnder consideration the'spe
cial order—beiug the hill to admit California as a
Slate into the Union, to establish Territorial gov-
erntnents lor Utah and New Mexico, and making
proposals to Texas for the establishment of her
. western and northern boundaries—
. Mr. Mxsoksaid: Mr. President, it is my desire
in the remarks which I intend in submit to the
Senate on the subject of tbit bill, to review as
briefly as I may, all the measures combined tu it.
or which are recommended by the committee
Which brought it in. in order that I may {mint ont
those parts upon which we may agree with the
committee.'and those upon which, as they stand.
I fear.Wshall not agree. In <1, ing this I would
first aVVveH to two nir-hSiires which, although they
do not form a part or the bill under consideration,
have been connected with it, and are recommend*
ed by the committee in their report as a part of Ihe
general srh-mte of adjustment which that report
rreenmineuda. And 1 wish to do an becaase, as
it seems to me. one of the provi.ions in the bill re
lating to the reclamation of fugitive slaves bat been
a subject ot some misconstruction on the part of
. - -• . — ; —— - n .iniirct ui b"nio ihikuuhiuwiiuu nil mic unrwu
bot^oueflhbd*^* for “for the 6 reason That*! *h genllSmen with whom I Usually act-indeed. of
bat one.Uord s.for, for the res,on that a lever,* „veral aebatora from the southern State*. The
amendment proposed by the committee to which
JAMES W. WERir,
A ttorney at law it general land
AGENT—AUsTti*. Texas—Willatteud to the
beilection of Foreign debts in Texas Investination
of land titles, obtaining patents, payment Of Taxes,
sad avary (him pertaining to. a General Agency.
Refer to Dr. Thoa. R. Lamar. Hon. A H. Chappell,
tad Henry J. Lamar, Esq., of Macon, Ga., Dr. H. P.
flats I. Talbotton. Ga.-, R. R. Howard, Esq.. Colum
bus. Ga., and Francis D. Clayton, Esq., Sparta, Ga.
hot 87
Notice.
T HE undersigned have associated themselves in
the Practice of Law. under tho firm of GllRSH*
AM A JONES, and will attend promptly to nil pro
fessional business eutraated to them. Office oh Mol-
berry street, one door above George Jones’ crockery
store. JOHN J. GRESHAM.
Jen 99 24 JOHN J. JONK3.
tanw Notice,
J AMES J. SCARBOROUGH announce* to his
old friends and the public, that ba returns to the
practice ol the Law. and will atteud the Superior
Coins of Bibb. Twiirgs, Houston, Pulaski, Dooly,
Sumter. Lee, Baker. Thomas and Decatur. Office at
S resent at Jeffersonville* Twiggs county, but after
'o'ember next will be at Macon, Ga.
feb 19 87 J. J. SCARBOROUGH.
Southern Mutual Insurance Co.
irnHIS Company is now in very successful opera
A tion, havingissnedin eleven inoisfo. on -62,500,*
600. and received 8110,000 in prcnfc'hms. creating a
basinets capital of that amount, and sustained but a-
bout 61,500 losses, which were paid in teb Hour* alter
notice and proof. Tho husitietk is done upon the mu
tual principle, by which half, and iu some cases, niue-
tsnths ol the expense of insurance is saved to the in
surer. All kinds of risk, FIRE. MARINE, tNLAND
LIFE OF SERVANTS, promptly attended to.—
Communications should be addressed tothe Secretary.
A. HULL,President.
J.U.Farsops, Secretary. Griffin.
R. S. LANIER, Agent Macon,
sept 4 3 ~ 1 T
required but one-third as long tothe same work. And
farther, the Press follower descends with much great-
er rapidity at the commencement ol the operation,
wheu but little power is required, which shortens the
distance travelled by tin* horse, in proportion to the
increased velocity of the IWlower at the start.
This Press can be made very compact, and equally
|(S*rrfsl, by oking the wheel and axle, and can be so
modified at to answeraoy purposes where a Press is
necessary for manufacturing or domestic purpose*.
For cotton it requires One-lonrth lets work to build,
and three-fburtha less work to raise, than the screws,
and if a cast iron Eccentric wheel is used, it will be
maeh over half the work to build at a screw. For
Pressing Cotton. Tobacco, Hemp, Hay. Ac. it cannot
be excelled. There is one-third less timber in this
Press than in the screw, and it is certainly the cheap
est ever bnilt.
The whole cost of the Irons will not exceed 545,
which may be bad of C. P. Levy, of Macon, who isthe
only person authorized to famish them. This ton is
exclusive of freight and the cost ofrixht to ate the
Press. II the Eccentrentic wheel is made of Iron,
the coat will ba tU nr 515 more for tho Ironwork,
but it will materially lessen the cost ol labor on the
wo id work of the wheel, and will be tiie cheapest in
the end. Any good Mechanic can conatract the Preaa
from the drawings and Specifications which will ac
company each right.
I shall Sell a single right at 890, which sum can be
sent by mail at my risk, providing the feet Of sending
is certified to by tlie Pnstmsstar ol the place where
the letter is mailed. Each right will be accompan
ied by an eugraving apd a full description, so that any
mechanic will be able to build the Press Any com
munications, pest paid will be punctually attended to
A. D.'BROWN.
. Clinton, Jones connty, April 3d. 1850.
Certificate—TbiaVriU certify that we wftnriaed
attho plantation of Mr. William Johnion. io Jonea
connty, the performance of a Cotton Press recently
invented and patented by Mr. A. D. Brown, of Clin-
ton and can; with confidence, recommend it to Uie
public. Ita great power, convenience and simplicity
nf structure, renders it, in onr cstimatnn. the best
that we have seen. It packs downward, which we
deem very esieutiil; can be placed aa near the lint
room aa desired, and can be easily covered in sod
made very durable.
SAMUEL GRISWOLD.
' ‘ HORATIO BOWEN,
• *. THOMAS HUNT,
jona. Parrish
41
ly have nminnhct-tl to foe Senate resolutions from ! respectively, territory ill those latitudes most; United States this large and valuable domain, foe
the legisliiliireof Virginia, 011 any subject involved ! likely to be valuable to their differing habits and ! propel ty of the Uuited S'ates.
iu ouractinn. or on which 1 was to act, without l.bnr. I I found this charse, sir. on the lerma of the pro-
But let it not be supposed lhatl am at all the ! clamation of Brevet Brig. Gen. Riley, addressed
eulogist of the original '"Missouri compromise.” ( tothe people of California, listed Mout-rey, on
It was nu evil day for Ihe South, I have always ' the 3.1 day of June, 1849, acting, as he say*, "in
thought, when it was adopted, and has been a : accordance with instructions of the Secretary of
fruitful source of discord siuce. It has been ac- j War.**
quiesced in: nothing more This acquiescence I By this proclamation, aji election was ordered
has made it familiar to our people, and I am of delegates to a convention, the number of such
satisfied their earnest desire to preserve the pub- : delegates prescribed, election districts assigned
may
28
“ Beauty and Economy Combined.”
fttE OLD VIRGINIA DYE-HOUSE,
(Pbrnnix Like) haifrom Us ashes risen, with all ita
various virtr.es, iu original cblora to bestow.
hnUE subscriber moat respectfully informs hia cos-
JL tom**™ and tbo public federally, t!i*t bit ©iitab-
lishment has been rebuilt, aud can now ba found on
Cotton Avenue. West of tie Watktiuflon Hall, where
be is folly prepared t>i execute in thy best man
ner all tho various branches ot Dyeing, Renovnu
Ing and Repairing all kinds ot Ready Made Cloth-
Ing, and Ladies Dresses. Shawls,' Bonnets and all
horfo of Fanev.Goods damaged hy ass. LfriieSsnd
Gentleman will pleato label all articles son* to tins
estaulishmenr. Goods froth Alt psrtk of the atateaenr
as before, (hail receive prompt Attention and forward
ed bark witli care. . ,
Factories and others having warp filling, to color,
will find it to their julehpat in test the virtues of this
establishment. P*r<nnb Wishing Homespun djed.
will please observe, fir fdnck the warp most be pur-' | thiifhinc of*)) kinds of Machinery,
p e or bine: for broA’tl a copperas cdlor, and for green 1 the FOUNDRY we are prepared tofumith
the warp mast lie white. '. all k.a-ia ol Castings ol lron or Brsaai Mill Gear of all
QTCaali most lie paid dn delivery ofGood*. kinds, of the most approved pattern,; Bevel. Face and
PltinteHi, now is your Time!
T HE aadertiened it now prepared to famish
'Brown's Patent Progressive Ecceutric
COT I ON PRESS,
the Press of all Presses—upon terms that cannot foil
to aatisty foil reasonable nu-u. Planters who desire to
put up their Cotton iu packages larger: and more
Cl uipact than cati possibly be* done by any other
Press uow in nse. and at less expense, are invited to
call and examine the Model of Mr. Brows’i inven
tion. aud obtain an explanation of its wonderful mer
its. CHARLES! P. LEVY.
may 14 Ocmotg— Feoixlry■ Cotton Avenoe.
OC MU LG EE IB^N AND BRASS
FOL'MUIY AND KACHIYE SHOP.
T H E Ormnlgde Foondiy bits been enlarged and
- furnished witli» new .and superior stock of tqolsi
which will euable the subscriber to furnish work at
-I '»•
The attention ol Millwripiitt Ainl Macliiuista is ■ ln * the action, and foil pm\ mow minlefor mtlh.ient
earnestly requested to this eslshlisiinieni. I-j liberty to prepare hts. esse for ^trtsl.^ wliu-ij is al-
I refer Ik, that which gives authority to the claim
ant of a fugitive slave, when be goes into the State
in which such fugitive is foubd, to take with him
record evidence sidflrieut to eutitlehim to reclaim
tlie fugitive without further testimony, and without
further testimony, and wilhnutoral testimony. It
has Keen thought by tome gentlemen, who pro
bably have not folly considered it, that this pro
vision would be fimml objectionable oh the part of
the claimaut. When this measure was proposed
in the committee, it seemed to me—and yet I en
tertain the opiuiuu—that it would become a valua
ble advantage to foe claimants of slaves who pur
sue them into foe free States- It drill be found, if
gentlemen drill look At it, that It it u'ot made the
exclusive evidence on which a slave shall lie re
covered. The claimant ia not required to arm
himself with this record, but be biay do in or not.
at his discretion. Yet I am Slhhijcly inclined to
think, if ever it is brubght into practice, that there
will be very many occasions 00 which claimants
will be glad to have recourse to tbit record evi
dence. But. however this may be. the provision
iscumnlative only, and not exclusive: and foe
claimant may take such a reconi, or dispense with
it, and rely upon the oral testimony of witnesses,
as he deems best. I think, therefore, that the pro-
positinu. at recommended by the coniriitltee. will
be found a valuable suggestion, and in practice
will go far to facilitate, and diminish the expense*
attendant an, the reclamation of fugitive slave*.
There i» another provision in foe same bill, which
ba* been recommeuded by the committee and to
which I am sorry to say, I do not give my assent:
it is that which provides that, when a fugitive shall
declare that he ita free roan, the claimant shall
enter into bond to secure to the fugitive a trial hy
jury 10 the State from which lie ha* fled. When
ltd* was first proposed iu the committee, it seemed
to tne that it would he innocuous, or, at any rate,
whether the provision amounted tu much or little,
it wssnne which might very safely be yielded to.
Although t gave no direct sanction to it when pro
posed in the committee. I acquiesced so fur at to
agree tmt asa recommendation, reserving to my
self the right of offering turb considerations on
the subject to tbeSehatea* might afterwards sug
gest themselves. I am disposed to think uow that-
I cannot give my assent tu il as a member of the
Senate The first a nil greatest objection. I hare
is, that, practically, f think, it will he found to op
erate injuriously to the master who reclaims his
slave, because pending' the time within which the
alavei*entitled totrial, the matter would not b -ahle
todispn-eof him. and we nil know that in nineteen
rhses out of twenty; where a fugitive stave is re
covered, it is advisable to dispose of him imme
diately ; first, mi account of the example, aml.se-
kunwiuz what I was about. Sir, I have the reso
lutions here; and I intend pn-erntly to ask the
Senate to allow me to have them read. They
were passed on the 20fo of January. J849, and
those to. which I bad particular reference are in
these words 1 \
Retained, Thai we regard the passage of a law
by the Congress of the United States abolishing
slavery or the slave trade in llieDistrict of Colom
bia. as a direct attack upon foe institutions of the
southern State*, to he resitted at every hazard.
Rejoiced, That, in the event of the passage by
Congress of the Wilmot Proviso, nr any law abol
ishing slavery or the slave trade in the District of
Columbia, the Governor of this Commonwealth is
reqne*!ed to immediately to convene the legists,
ture of this State, (if it should have adjourned,)
to consider the mode and measure of redress.
Mr. Clny. What is thpdate of those reflulu
tin ns 7
Mr. Mason. The date is January, 1849.
Mr. Clay. For Jsnnsry. 1859. I presume
Mr. Mssnn. No: they were pasted iu 1849. and
are still in force, iyrthey, never were revoked or
rescinded. However. Mr. President, the bill
which proposes to abolish the slave trade as it is
called, in the District of Columbia, forms no p»rt
of that which ia now under cmiaideration. I have
adverted to it only heeanse it is in the recommen
datum of the committee, and as I understand it. is
suggested ak a part of the general scheme of ad
justment. T pass, however, from these topics, to
foe bill more immediately nnder consideration,
and which is generally known as tho “compro
mise bill." Sir, it was my misfortune, as I an
nounced »n a former day on this floor, to differ
with the majority of the committee iti the opinion
that the measures proposed by the committee,
could he received hy the southern States as a ba
sis oti which the nnhappv controversy that hnsarit-
en. could be adjusted. I reel mvself. however, en
titled to apeak nuly for the 3tale which I iu part
represent here : and. us to her,' I speak under
the instructions contained in the resolutions, n part
of which 1 have read just now to the Senate— iu-
siroctious which forbid me to do any set or to give
any vote whirh will admit the right of the Con-
gres* of the United States, in any manner, either
directly or Indirectly, to exclude the'people of the
southern States from having free access to anv of
tho Territories belonging to these States, and ta
king with them any of their property. Thete
resolutions were reaffirmed by the general.assem
bly of 1849-’59. modified only a* regard* tho pro
hibition of slavery in the Territories, by the ex
pression nf a willingness yet to conform to the spir
it and terttisof the Missouri compromise.
Mr. President, the prohibition of slavery in the
Territories formed the great point of division be
tween the parties in the country; it was that upon
which the southern States rallied ihiring the last
winter, and.presented, according to my recollec
tion. Art undivided front against the Wi(m"tProvi
so. as it is called—or the alleged right in Congresa
to prohibit slavery in anv of the Territories which
we have acquired From Mexico., ,,
Now. sir. I am fully aware that in the efforts,
nnd I will ssy the great efforts, that are made to
bring the minds of the American people to n con
currence in the measures proposed by this bill,
those who oppose it. either senators or represents-,
lives, are denounced tbmngh the press as “ttUrdt't
the meaning lieing that all who do not admit that
thia hill aa reported, forma the true basis on which
the controversy should he adjusted ire “ultras,"
orngsinst any “adjustment.” Si', there was a
time, and that, too, within little more than ten
years, when nearly the whole delegation' of the
South, iu the other wing of the CSpool abandoned
theirsenu, and left the hall, because they woulrfnot
remain present as members of a House that toler
ated discussion even on the institution of slavery.
Such was the'state of feel'Ug then, before this
achemeof tho interdiction of slavery iu the Terri*
t ri-s had been itevi-ed—a protest in advance
against the disehttion of that'institution, for any
cnndly, heeanse t.v absconding be has forfeited ! purpose whatever,, in the 'Congress of the United
the confidence of his owner : nnd it uiitiht.Jh-re- j Stales. And where jtre we now! Present, day
these debates here fur tlie purpose of showing
that the people of California, so far ns [ compre
hend tbeir wishes, do not attach to the proposed
contraction of her boundary that.great interest
which is connected with,:t bore at Washington. I
do not find anything in these debates which lends
me to believe that, yieldiug to the desire of the
people of California to become immediately on»
of the States of the Utiiuu, they will take it much
to heart if we contract tlieif boundaries, as f have
I proposed. But fact shown
lie peace, and with it the union of the Slates, the day of election and the qualification ot the ; liy the debates in that convention, auit it is this r
would lead them to acquisce iu it again. : voiers ascertained and fiked, and the day ordered lhatevery representative in thecntivenUuii present
Having premised thus much, Mr. President, on for the convention to assemble in discharge of the j from the territory south .of the Hue of 3G degrees
the trite position beid hy tlie South, under the duties, to- be assumed hy them—acts of highest j (cd.vcLt DKP o.v SF.COSD pack.)
guaranties of constitutional right, aud bavingtbus sovereignty exercised by a military commander j 1 ;—; ;
indicated the extent to which we are williug to ; over the property of the the Uuited States, with- j Semple,) he stated this murning that il we establish
go iu concession for the sake of the public peace, outa shadow of authority in law, audffcritb a view | no boandariesj Congress will be forced to admit us
J trust, that tnose senators tram southern States •- ‘—ill.--.. :..i._t,xfx,.tii nC iv,——. i„ x. I wi
fi.re. proves aeriuO* mischief to rets ill him in that ; after daV in tliis chabitier, psrleiit ii-|eu**rs tode-
equivocal position uinter the bond of his master. J hates 11/0111 an institution with which the destinies
But ill any view, such provision ia wholly super- j of Ihe southern States are inseparably connected,
fious. hociiiisein every slavrbolding state ample ami front.quarters utVerlv unconnected wit flit, ex-
provision i*/mid" by law. to secure the rights of j cept In aggmwiop ssisidL hostility..^ ““•■^president.
any slave w ho asserts * right' to freedom. They
ore allowed to sue in forma paeperii; security ia
I ihrislnfe iti advance bWe, that t slndl'lie more
gratified than I could he at any other occurrence
in life, if a measure, shnnid be adopted by this
Congress, cnm'ng from nay quarter, which will
really adjust the cohtroversy now subsisting lie-
AID prepare 11 to luruisn si r-aiu xuiomns. irxun i wavs ny jure ; 10 suiuwr «* — nil,, mo o<sni„m j iwreu me nui <u sow me o»mhi. * — leud my
I to c.u Inirsc pnwer.for saw mills or bthbr purposes; | require.! tiiTiirnUb hint with proper cbuhsel to j «id tiiost clieerfitlly tu any such measures. -lam
wl „ _. Set-ew Cutting* from 1 inch diameter to two feet, to j , budocl Ihe case. There ia' another reaaoh which [ prepared to make coocessions—concessions ton.
establishment. PerSnnS ivisliiite Homespan ojeo. , t e et long; Gear cuttiugs.'fur.ing iu all jts branches; ,,reenni*itself very forcibly to my mind. It uQue- that, AO-far aa l am ilifurnici.i. have not yet been
cesMrily lrnini|iel» and endinrrasses the owner of found coming with n free wfti from the South. J
JOHN c. logan:
ra*HheraIca«h price* paid at all time* for ejeau
linen orcnktnn Rags. aptlC 35—ly
New Partiuifcsllii*.
M essrs, wood a bradlf.y. h**ihg a»so.
elated with them Mr OKXftvn.t.k Woon. 11. the
Cabinet, Furniture and Chair business—the same will
ba hereafter be conducted nnder tlie name and style
Of WOOD. BRADLEY * CO., aud solicit for the
near concern aapstinusner of the patronage *0 liber
ally extended tothe late firm.
y THOMAS WOOD. .
ELIJAH A. BRADLEY,
janSB GRENVILLE WOOD.
:S|mr Gear. Cast Irou Water Wheels; Gi» Getr olail
patterns mid sixes to suit: Colton (tin Work; Press
Pulleys; Hand Railings. Fire proof Doors and Win
dows. Cemetry Hailing. Gudeeons. Inks. Mill dpin-
(jles—in fact. Work of any description that is done iu
an establishment of the kind.
Person* interested iu the bn*ine(*. are requested
to examine Chit card: CHAS. P. LEVY,
Ocmnlgee Fun wiry.
may 91 1st street below M. A W. Railroad.
Dissolution-
T HE co-psrtnerahip heretofore existing between
the dod#f*t«ned. in tlie bnaines* of Hotel keep
ing., was dissolved, by mutual flnnsent.on tlie StWb mat.
All peraon* iodabted to the late firm will settle with
E S Ruser* who will also alt«ud to the .ettlemeut
of all claima again.* the hobse, r r rt0 oERS,
JAMES MEAWA.
Macon. May 31.1950‘ *
109 Dollars Premium-
A PREMIUM of One Kuxdrkd Dor.LAHS will be
paid by the subscriber to any citixen of the State
who will produce s pKKss.aoft riCKtsu Cottos eqnsl
tothe UUI.LOCK COMPOUND LEVER
PRESS, in iioiut of economy, compactness, strenetb
and durability. ROBERT FINDLAY,
mav 28 4t—ly
N OTICE-The flrrnofBoford A W illtarot iadM
solved by mutual consant. and those indebted »o
the firm will please walk op to the Captain a Office
and settle with 8. Boford. jJ™"'• » uthon * ed *°
Settle the same. 8. BUFOHD.
tne same THOMAS WILLIAMS.
jaoe 4
Ti Hi. Jackson A Co.
H AVE Just received and are offerine for safe
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, . ,
HARDWARE, 4e.
Consisting of fhe fnltowing articles:
30 hales brown sheetings and shirting*
500 pieces American. French and English Prints
150 do bieschadsheetings and shirtiugs
59 do Ginghams. Linen and fancy
10 bhds Porto HJro Sugar. 50 bbls crushed do
50 sacks Rio coffee 200 kegs Nails
10 boxes Collins' Axe* 5 dnx Scythe Blade*
ItM pair Trace Chains. Log Chains mar Y9
ihis.Species of properly, and is. in a measure, ill
consistent with the foil-right of feelathstioil *rnir-
ed'o tinn iiv the constitution. By the rnustitii-
ti“li,the fugitivealitve )a to lie. “delivered up on
claim of the party." and it is in derogation of this
right to deliver him oiily on cobditiou. I think.*
am prepared to State now what these concessions
will he. but I snt nut pri-psred, ami God forbid
that I ever should b»„to yiyjd one’iuch totheile.
msoils of a right by law, to prohtlijt onr people
Irom'goiug iuto any territory lielonging to tlie go-
veronteiit, and taking will: them all oh nhy part of
therefore, wlleu we come to consider tlint hifl.it j their prnpertv, unless lipoil terms simjlnr to those
will lie fontnl on all sides, that it thill be best to ' adopted in 1820. on the ocrn’tiiin of the admissiqu
avoid that provision. [of the State of Miaotiri. Sir, Iti order to use err
Another hill—that which proposes in abolish | rain the tn'8 rbarae'ei'of the compromise propos-
whai is called the * Slave trade" in the District of i ed by this hill, let us first understand what is the
Colobibai—is one of those measures from whichT ; point of .division between the parties, .aod.the
dissented in the committee, and from which I shall ; ground occupied bv the south. The right, assert,
cniitiimu to dissent. If it is intended as a part of l eil Ly the southern States to occupy the Territn.
foe general compromise, which it is said the hill [ tios ns a common property, and for their people
under discussion present*. I fear, that so far. as | going there to take their property with them, is
senators from the south are concerned—to a forge ! derived under the constitution, which provides a
majority of them at least—il will constitute nu iu- j Common government lor the States,
superabie objection. J It is the right of tile people in all the Stale* Ui
■\IOTICB—Tho snbaeriher will enntinne the
IX House on hisown hook, in all it* branches. Tins
House is underlining a thoroueh repair. Jtolla and
avary convenience that can possibly add to the com
fort of ita nnmemns patrons, and hnpea for a continu-
kt.ee ofthounparalelled patronage recced
late firm. S. BUFORD.
Jane 4
tkTOTICE—The tabscriber effort his services. (< r
JN making oat ami settling *11 Mercantile, Admin
Utruors and Executor* accoimts. for drawing out
court paper*. Exemplification*. Bill* ol Exception*
for the Supreme Coort, Ac: and for the sale of Lands
throaghuutthest.te.or real u.t.temkUcou. RD3
References—Hon. E. A.Nisbet,
Messrs Poe A Nisbet,
Mr. Robert Cerver,
Mr. Edwin Qraves.
apt U
Plows.
OA No 16 Freehxn Plows, stocked .
^wl/20 No It."
25 escb. No* to and 11. without stocks
in •• “ ; and 2 self sharpening Plows
IS " " « and 7 inch turning “
Also, an assortment of Cultivators sob-soil and side
bill Plows, corn shellers and straw' cotters, extra
points aud bars for escb- For sale by
apl19. ~
E B. WEED.
150
apl 9
Weeiiing Hops.
Dos Brades' Nos 1. and 3 Patent Hoes
25 •• " Crown “
15" " New Ground •
30 " Scovil'scsst steel Hoes, for sale by
E. B. WEED.
Notice to Stockholders.
A N instalment of twentv per coot on the Capital
stock oftbe Macon Mauafactnring Company, is
required to be paid at the office of the President, on
or before the first day of Jaly neat. By order of the
Directors, JOHN J. GRESHAM. President,
may 28 41—4t
Kibbcc A Dickinson
A RE Just receiving a further supply of fresh Dry
JA. Goods.dccidedly welfmoght. which renders it en
tirely annecetiary to offer at exactly prime cost—as
all persons in want will feel willing to pay nsacom-
mission,on examination of good* and prices, as fol
lows:
English. French and American Prints.
Lawns. Maslins, Ginghams, Bonnet Bibbons
Jaconets audNsntook Maslins. Neck Ribbons
IVSiiS add Iron.
Q A A Kegscut Nail* *nd Brad*
OtH/50" “ and wi ought spike!
1000 lbs Horse shoe Nails
500 lbs Horse shoe*
50 tons assorted 8weed Iron
80 tons English and American Rolled Iron -
A large assortment of square, round, hslfroand and
oval Iron.NailRods, Ac. Forsaleby
,pl 9 E. B. WEED.
Notice.
GINGHAMS, colored muslins and calicoes,
at NEW YORK COST.
E have a largo assortment of tho shore named
TY Goods which We are anxious to “close ont be-
fore the season is too far advanced, and wo have eon
eluded to tell them from this day forth at exactly
■^..y c Skr,ct. jobw a co.
Sir.upnu ibis subject even were Hly owq opih-
inns uiilraintneiled. I uevercuiild and never wuutd
givo-my assent t» foe passage of siich a law at
this time by Congress. Yet, I nnijider thsi all ilia-
cretinu of the auliject is taken from me. By a res
olution <if the general assembly «f Virginia, pss-
sei) at rile last session, the abolition of the slave
trade iu the District of Columbia, by a hw of
Congress, ia made tine of tiuite events, upon the
occuriug of which the Governor uf Virginia is re
qaired tu convene the legislature forthwith, that
the State may be placed iu a proper putdiuu to
meet it.
g-> into any tetritnry. ss th9 common property of
all the States, and to take with them any or all of
their property, mid to reside there and to enjoy it.
under tho protection ot the constitution Slid tile
laws uf the United States.
If this he true, and I apprehend there are hone
to qiiestiun it, then it follows, that if thsre he miy
hindrance to this right existing in the Territory,
wlielliei it has its origin iu the laws, or .customs
of.snch Territory before it became the property
of the 'United State*, or whether..it hsa been
created since hy nnv unnnttforixed act of the first
occupant* of snch Territory, it is the . duty of the
Mr Foote. Will the senator from Virginia al- United States at ouce.tu interpose to remove such
low me to lutefTtlpt him for a moment 7
Mr. M*»»o. If lor any personal or other ex-
E lanatiim. I hove no objection to yield the floor,
at I would rather poreue my remarks nninlerrUp-
ted. However, the senator from Mississippi can
have the floor.
Mr. Foote. No; I decline. I will not iuterropt
the re a* r. • ' •
The Vice President. The Chair takes this oc
hindrance.
•This is onr right, clear fitid unequivocal : and
none can aav that we refute any modification or
nhfiteuient of it. aa thus strictly defined. As a
right derived under the fundamental lews of the
government, we should be fully justified ill re-
fusing atiy terms which would qualify or impair
it ; and yet. sir. the South is already committed to
; 0 more coofcilislory course, and by which I have
ccsiun la ssy, that Ihe rules are, that When a kens- j little doubt she is yet prepared la abide. First,
lor is misunderstood, or wheu a point of order is j hy tho term* of the set which passed tho Senate
raised, a senator msy bo interrupted for sn explsn ; two years sinte, under the sanction of southern
atioii, or tobecalled to orjer. The Chair could votes, usually called the ‘'Clayton hill,” it was
suggest to senators that this rule should bo obser- 1 agreed to dispense with any act of federal legisla
t'd! as strictly as possible. 1 tion opening the way in the Territories to the
Mr. Foote. I hope the Chair will allow mo to < people with their slaves, trusting, to the -constitu-
say. thatir the oldest SeuaUffS; tint! the iitifct expe- ' tion fortka protection ofonr property when taken
noticed. b*d not commenced tbit phiclice Bud ! into tlie Territories, add merely providing proper
continued it, I never should have duiio so. But I forms of redress through tho juJical trihtiunls.
the practice has uow become necessary for self- I This was 00a mode of adjustment sauct.oued by
defence. ' southern vntei, 8ml founded iu a large concession
Mr. Berrien. Will theCbairallow me to make ! oTourexisting rights,
a suggestion? j Bnt there is another,_ far better understood,
Tiie Vice President. Will the senator from Vir- . and which has the sanction of an acqniesenee of
gi Ilia, yield tho floor jo tbo senator from Georgia. thirty years. Fulling back on the busts of com-
” Me. Mason. Certainly. |.romi&0 udoptod on tljo admission of Missouri, let
Mr. Berrien. I wish to suggest that, with tbo . u» toke the parallel of 3G deg. 30min. north iali-
pnrpoite fur which the senator from Missipni (Mril (tide h» tiie Hoe of partition in the new Tornto.
Foote) rose, I supposed the procfcrdin|r to be perH 1 ies. tbits agt eeiug to divide aide jo)’seporatcly
feotlv iu order, it wai to correct what he tup a 6 mown property—what our differing IusUlu-
posed to be a misnpprehensiun on a point of fact, tiuns w
upou which the senator from Vir-inia was 1 ■*■
ue. And now I apprehend Wlut nny *------rq- t -- it 0
Plain and fig’d Swiss Muslin, fiq’d bobbinet Nettings Rettto Ban
Black finred silk lace and Trimmings j * or *“« °y
Linen Linters, Toilde India Kid Glove*, assorted *P* *
Tin
1 AA Hoxes Tin Pis
1 YlU Block T in and
Kettle Ears and Rivets, Iron
Plnte*
JX;
Block Tin anil Zinc. Sheet and bar Copper : reahty. woum tw '
arm and Rivets. Iron Wire, from No 7 to 20 : such an interrupt.on
'll me »ciioiui jiwus >
And uow I apprehend 1b.1t nuy senator,
if lie'was going to argue on u state of focU which
he supposed to exist, but which did hot eiiot io
reality, would be pleased ratherlliaudispleased at
I do not know bu
E. B. WEED.
Brown and Grass Linens. India cloth for ikiruH
Black sod colored Taffeta Ribbons
PicNie and Filin'! Gloves, Book Maslins
Victoria Laws, English cambrics, Paper do, col'd do.
Great Bargnintt iu Dry Goods.
B OGAN A ATKINSON are now telling their
J litr-'** and dtsirabia stock of Fancy and Staple
DRY UOOLfS St (1st. and less than ccitt fof cash.
Being determined to close dtt thefr present stock,
great bargains Will be given. Person* in want of
Dry Good* orany other article fn their line, would do
we!) to call nml examine their stock, at the old stand^
of Messrs. Graves, Wood Aco.. a few doW* SoGth of
Messrs. Scott, Csrhart Aco., Third street.
’ mar 5
I RON unit NAILS.—A large lot of ban), hoop.
roond, square nnd flat Iron, assorted—also a largo
lot of Ns Is, from 3d to 40d. just received hy
J»oe 4 BOSS A CO.
Fashionable Summer Goods;
T>OSS A CO would rcspectiully inform their cus-
JX, tamers and tho public generally, that they are
now rereivinf? daiJy from New yotk, A frfein tfArppjy
r 1 Fancy find Staple Dry Cioods, adapted to tne
the summer trade, comprising r .
Eich plain and fiefrred Midi end &>?6red 6uka ^
Do do do French and India Satin*
Printed Muslins and Lawn*, a great variety
Tissues. Berag-s, and Lace*
Bowed Muslin Robef.embroidered and fancy do
Lace Capes and Collars, a great variety of
Moll. Book* Nauffook. Swiss and Cambric MoalinA
Printed Cottons and Ginghams, a great variety
Linens and Long Lawns. Cambric Hdkfs^
Prints, French, English and American, of every style
andp riee. . ..
Onr J. B. Ross i* now in New York making pur
chases. and will ship a lot of fresh Goods by every
pciket that leaves for Savannah until the first of July.
Macon, June 4.
m„l!er stands in this parliculkf c*r>: but I suppos-
eil the Senator from Virginia would put u, in j>os-
session of the fact* hy reference to the retoluUous
themselves.
Mr. Mnion; I am perfectly willing to be cor
rected iu any misapprehension, but gcutlemen
must bo aware that to he tnlerrojited when close
ly occopied hy the subject under dt*cn»siun do-
ranges the coDrto of thought, and necessarily ttn-
pair* and hinder* tbo operation ol the mind. Un
less, therefore, it he for totnb purpose of personal
expIanatiou.it seems to me lhatit shoutd tuAb*
resorted to. It was with ttfatview that, cw yield-
in" the floor. I edded ibat l did so in fo* hope that
the senator from Mississippi (and I intended lira
remark in npply to senators generally,) wpuld al-
lowuie’o proceed wlfooutiolsrruptioj. Uvrtaiu-
lv if ( bhv'buV thing of n personal character, nr
which requires explanation, I will chorfjlly yield
t0 Now“^totho fet. I think I should hard-
Id seem to forbid that we should enjoy
. innion.
Either form of adjustment, I have little donht,
would be foaiid acceptable to the South. 1 ho
first would simply organize governments for the
Territories in the Usual form, and leave the rights
of the citizens of the different States in those
Territories to be determined by the courts of foe
country, under the constitution and the .Iavvs.
Bnt this would require thstsomuch of the Territ
ory ol Coli/brnia as has rerantly been erected iuto
a State government should be remanded to a
territorial condition, and so retained until reason
able time v4as allowed to citizens of the Southern
States to remove there v/ith their property, if they
choose to do so. ....
The second is far the more practicable and con
venient. and would allow the admission of a new
State at once for California, after proper modifica
tions of the constitution which has Been adopted ;
aud it has the merit of precedent, adopted in 1820
on the occasion of the sdmtssion of the s>tsie or
Missouri, and since fully srqu esced in. if spy
adjustment can be made of foe character o. a
comDromise.lhis has certainly the strongast claim.
If divide*, as I have said. : uto » asperate proper
ty, that which we cannot enjoy as a eomrnun pro
perty, and apportions to tho North and South,
who are arayed in opposition to this bill, wiltuuo,
longer be deuouiiceu as “ultras." Aud yet I atn
fteo to declare, if tile most decided purpose never
to sanction, hy word or vole so modi of the bill
as admits California, with the boundaries .adopt
ed, aud as dismembers Texas from the parallel of
32 deg., he au ultra position for the South, I plant
myself there, firmly and irrevocably, happen
what may. We are sincerely desirous of adjust
ing this unhappy controversy, on terms that may
Harmonize opinion , but no lavs which excludes
the institution of slavery iu auy territory below
the line adopted in 1 S'-10 will ever be tolerated
or, «£ I trust and heliri e, bo endured. -
Now, Mr. President, to the bill itself. What
are its terms 7 It proposes, fire*, thut tiie southern
Slates slisll submit to the exclusion uf slnvery by
law iu California down to the 82d parallel of north
latitude, being tour amt a hairdegrees below the
Missouri compromiseliue.aud embrsciogthe whole
front oti tlie Pacific ocean i because it proyidvs for
the admission of California, with tlie boundaries
she has precrihqd, which come dowu to the 32d
parallel of uortll latitude. It proposes to the peo
ple of the southern States, that they shall acquie
sce iu their fcxtlusinu from the'territory uow
belonging to the people of ail the States, within
the limits of of the State of California, as low as
the 32d degree of north latitude, bringing il down
ns [ have said, four aud a half degrees hehiw the
Missouri compromise litits. That is the first pro
position.
Aud iVhat ia the second. The second is that
tlie government of the .Uuited States shall pro
cure from Texas, liy a liberal graut of money, a
cession uf all the territory claimed, by her north-
and west of a line ruu from the 32d tu the 34th
parallel of north Ulitude, comprehending about
125,09(1 square tnile*. and sufficient for the erec
tion of two mediuni-siied States; the effect of
which would be to release so much of die territo
ry of Texas from the institution of slavery, and to
object it to the sole jurisdiction of the federal
government. These are the two propositions
presented to the southern Slates. And what it
offered as an equivalent 7 The sole equivalent
is, that the North will organize territorial govern
ments for the residue of California, usually called
••Utah,” or “Deseret," and for what remains of
New Mexico, without iutroduciug the “Wilmot
Proviso."
Now, sir. to these propositions, as made in the
bill, J ueverciia assent. I cannot assent; because
they bring dowu yet lower, nud to the extent of
four aud a half degrees, the limits from which we
are to be excluded with oUr slave*. And it. does
more : it takes from one oftbe State* of this Union
large territory uow subject to th'u institution ol
slavery, aud Converts it into- property of the
United States tu tie governed nud controlled iu its
institutions by a majority from the uou-slave-
bolding States. '
Sir, the forbearance to enact the Wilinot Pro
viso is not only uo equivalent for such concessions,
hut there is no equivalent that can he given—at
Ietfst none that I can conceive aa beiug within the
capacity of Congress to offer.
My first ohjectiou then, Mr. President; to (he
bill reported hy the committee for the adjustment
of this quealioli is, that it brings us dowu below-
the Missouri Cumprobiite tine in Texas; and the
second is, that it excludes the South from admis
sion with tlieir property into, so much of the terri
tory of Calinfiroia us is embraced within the lim
its of tlie new State beldvv foe same line. Sir. it
vit,taie« the compact with Texes, under which
that State v\ ns brought into'the Union. By the
terms of annexation, the Missouricuilipromire line
was to be sacredly regarded iu the formation of
new State* out of the Territory of Texas. But
the hill, in dismembering Texas, adoptsa new line.
.reaching four and a lialf degress below foe com
promise fine. Slid releases iili the territory lying
north and West of it f'roui from the obligations of
that contract. .
So, in reference to Californis, it trenches again
on the spirit of the compromise- uf 1329, exclu
ding slavery on foe purr lie border, u» low down as
the ;i2d parallel nf uortli latitude. I an) aware,
sir, it will be said that this exclusion iif the people
of the aontfierti States lielow the line of3iidet.
30. milt, iu California is tho act of the inhabitants
of »he Territory,and.not tlie liqlol the Congress
or the Uuited States; aud, therefore, that it is uo
violation of foe Mtssiouri compromise on the part
of the iaUtK
Sir, I slujll make ito argument to prove that
California, in the whole extent, a* well the terri
tory embraced within the limits ol" the New States
ns that without tbedi, is yet in the political rela
tion to this government of a “Territory"—a Ter
ritory within the meaning of the terms of foe
constitulinu—tiie “properly ” uf the United Slates;
and the act of snefi of the inhabitants nu the coast
as assembled in convention and formed a consti
tution has not the slightest effect to change that
relation. California throughout tlie whole extent
was a territory wheu that constitution was formed,
and is a territory yet; nor has that constitution
the least validity wfiatever,and never c»ii have,
unlesa made good against this government hy force
of arms, or ratified hy au act of Congress, and this
is assented to. or l should rather say asserted, ns
the law of the,question by foe S alia tor from Ken
tucky himself, lMr. Clay.]
Whenever, thfeti, tlie constitution of California
is ratified hy Congress, the ciailse prohibiting
slavery will become law, by the act of Cuugfess.
and by it alone. iVe have had tho saute question
presented iu the same form iu regnrJ io the Ter
ritory of Oregon. The inhabitants ut' that Terri
tory, iu tne absence nf auy government provided
by Cnugres*. e*tabh»fiud a system of govertnfieut
tor foeitlselve*. and hy one of their ordinances
excluded domestic slavery from the Territory.—
ill Ihe bill as reported for foe organization uf a
territorial government, a provision teas inserted
ratifying ami confirming all the Iavvs enacted by
foe prov isional goveruniebt, amongst which was
that prohibiting slavery, and the controversy then
was upon siich ratification, ail agreeing that to
confirm such law vvt» equivalent to a direct enact
inent by Congress
Now, air, us to this right of the inhabitants "f a
portion of the Territory of California. They
have uo authority whatever—uniio itplavv. and as
little injustice—to atstmble thethtelves upon foe
properly of the government—the common pro|>*i-
ty of all the States—aud to pass a law which shall
interdict from that territory the citizens ut one-hati
of the States of this Union, uulesstlie leave tbeir
most valuable property beliiud (hem, and that-very
property which, of all other, would he of most
vnlde to them iii the Territory.
Mr. President, we have fallen npon strange
times, indeed, siuce this question of the extentinu
ur interdiction of slavery was fitst brought Up for
.discrissuiu in the Congress of the United States.
Sir, what I18V9 we seen as the act of the Ijxeca-
live of the United States, iu refereneb to these
matters? In prescribing the duties of the Presi
dent. the constitution enjnins.araongst other things,
that “be shall take care that the laws be faithful
ly executed." The Territory of Calil’oruia.is tbe
property of the United States, acquired first by
conqrnest, and the title subsequently confirmed by
solentu treaty, and for the cdosSaeraifod of mauy
milliousof dollars, paid and payable by the United
States to Mexico. Now, one would suppose if
there was auy duty on the President, ns the great
head of the Government, more entini than ant , -
other, it was that which would require him population which
to see to the safety of tbo public property, nuil . day. And thu Woos,
that the laws concerning it were “ faithfully ex- would seem to intend othe
to facilitate tbe inhabitants of the Territory in do- i with tbe bbundirie. we Bpw bqve. I cannot admit
• • .u • t- p of , ' 'p • 1 the argument. X no not look upon it, that if we were
privM.ig the people of tho Uuited States of their tn Jf odour constitution to Congress, they ere forced
togive us all the bv-undary that we hnvedescribed,oc
that they are forged to give it tu us if we do pot de
scribe IC.. I think gentlemen are laboring under a
property. .
How many people so assembled, and what por
tion of the inhabitants vvete actually represented,
we shall presently leant, rematkfac only at pre
sect that foe proclamation issued on the 3J June,
for elections to be held oil the first day of Angtist
following.lees than GO days'udtice.to a peopledis
persed over a Territory larger than that of the or
iginal thirteen States, divided into bauds of gold-
digger*. explorers, and hutitrrs without organiza
tion, roads, vilages. or newspapers—off the sea-
coast, and separated by mountains, Lukes, rivers,
and deserts.
(jut these initiative measures to abandon to
the first comer* the propq.-ty, of the United
States, strange «a they are, are by no means
the most strange in this extraordinary executive
plunge. After a constitution was adopted by
those who bad assembled nnder the proclama-
tion. and ratified as was said by the inhabitants,
the fact was formally .made known to foe iniljtary
commattder. General Riley, and and be as formal
ly* and gravely issued a second proclamation, dated
on the 20th December. 1849, with a military, or
der of same date, by which he on that day "re-
jinqnished the administration of. civil affairs in
California to the executive of the government or
gauized under tbo provisioijs of the constitution."
&c. And thus, without warrant of law, in viola
tion ol the plain letter of tlia constitution, and of
the not less pljtin executive trust, was the do.
minion of the Uuited States over a large and valu-
lile Territory, the property of all the States, qui
etly handed over to tlie first occupants who went
upon it. and who were invited aud stimulated to
it; and. a* if in sport with so grave an occasion,
the Geueral ends Ihe matter by ngreetug to defray
all Ihe expenses of the convention out ol the pub
lic money in his hands. [See his letter to “the
Hon. T. C- Botts, chairman, &c., dated at Monte
rey, SeDtember 13, 1849.
Strange, passing strange, .Mr. President, foal
snch flagrant, usurpation* of power, such won-
ton—I had almost said wicked —disregard of plain
est. constitutional duty,should puss without rebuke,
and even without notice. Anything; everything,
constitution and all, is tiiade secondary to the
great eud of staving off the discussion, and ibeue-
ressily of settling, by the constituted authori
ties of the iaiid, the rights of the people of
tbe Southern States as cu proprietors in the Ter
ritories.
The key to all this is, with becoming simplici
ty, given iu the annual message of the President—
to get rid of tho disturbing question of slavery,
hy gettingrid of the,public property with which
it was connected. The summary disposition il
was to tunke uf foe rights uf the people of foe
Southern States weighed aa nothing witli'tlte Pre
sident or his counsellors. It was the grave speci
fic ot the French empiric, which certainly carried
uff the the disease hy carrying off the patient.
Sir, an honorable Senator frbtn Florida, [Mr.
Ytdee] brought before the Senate, on a former
day, an occasion somewhat similar, that arose. I
think in the case of Arkansas, when tho legisla
tive council of thut Territory petitioned the g«.v-
ernor to issue hia proclamation, culling'upon the
people to organize a State government, in the
days, I believe, ol President Jackson. Tbe govern
or—who seemed to have had a proper idea of the
position, iti which he stood to the Territory—sub
mitted tlie question to the President, and he again
to the Attorney General; and the latter advised
the President that foe Governor was bound to ad
minister the laws rtf foe country ; and that he not
only eonltl not originate, hut be Wald give no
countenance to any revblntinnry 'movement of
font kind. I apprehend, Mr. President, that there
are none who willdoubttbatthe trite federal rela
tion td a Territory tit this government is that of
pro|»erlyL>iud. s* is always the case of property
held bv a sovereign, that it carries with it not only
the right to the wiil, exfcypt where private, rights
intervenes, bnt also dominion over the people in
habiting that soil.
It was under such goidorjcetlmt the convention
assembled in California, ami framed tlie ennstitu-
liitinn which has beep submitted to ns by the
Pieiident—under the itroclamiitjoti of n military
commander, without tbe sanction of the Congress
of the Uuited States, lint in derogation of ita. au
thority. And this constitution, with the exact
boundaries it prescribes fn' tiie new Slates, we
are called on to sSnctinn as a matter of political
necessity. Si', t have looked somewhat into the
report of the debates iu convention in California,
which were placed some days since upon our tn-
blea, nnd f found, as other gentlemen will find if
they tkill look through this report, that the polar
star which guided their deliberations on on nil the
great questions to lie determined vvns, so to ad
just them aa would (rest*insure a speedy admit-
sitin of tbeir State into the Utiiou. On the qties*
lion of boundary, of domestic servitude*, and of
the exclusion of tiie African race altogether from
California, everything seems to have been effect
ed, and to some extent controlled, by a belief in
the necessity of propitiating the majority in Con-
gress on tlie subject of-African slavery. One of
the earliest proposition* iu tlie convention In rels.
tion to tbe bonudariea was. that they should pre
scribe as the boundaries of the new State the ex
isting boundaries of California ; those boundaries
by whi^b foe Territory woi ceded by Mexico—
boundaries which would embrace an erea nearly
equal to that of the thirteen onginal States; and
the gentleman who moved this proposition gave
as Ins reason for it, that, if they.undertook to cut
and carve for themselves, so as to prescribe more
convenient boundaries for the Stale of California,
the effect would be to prodnre dissension at
Washington, and difficulty slid delay in gaining
admission into the Union. That gentleman said,
in substance.: If we lake the whole of California,
it will uever be considered by anybody that this
itnnu 1 use area of htiiidiedsbf thousands of square
miles should remnin as one State, hilt that it
would necessarily he divided as soon sis the mim-
lierof the population required it, and formed into
different States; and Ida proposition was, font
the territory, when the proper time arrived,
'should be. divided into six States, earh one of
them having n fropt upon the Pacific ocean.—
Such was the proposition matte by thia gentleman,
who was, I apprehend.one of^the most intelligent
.and enlightened members os that Convention.—
Those views, however, were overruled as unjust
to foe twenty or thirty thousand peonle residing
in foe great basin of Utah and the Salt Lake, a
thousand miles off. who were ignorant even that
such a convention was in session, and on the
ground that to take the whole territory for the
new State would be more likely to create dissen
sion at Washington than if arbitrary boundaries
were assumed. Tbe result was, that the idea o'"
embracing the entire territory was abandoned f
and feeling at liberty to choose fur themselves,
tho convention eventually agreed to take such
boundaries ns would be of most seeming ad
vantage to the coast population, which was
done by a line embracing tbe entire Pacific
great mistake in regard to the power of Congress ou
this subject, when they assume t!mt. it we pronounce
a certain line as cite boundary of Calitoniia, it shall
be the boundary, notwithstanding any objection of
Congress. I have not the remotest Idea tligtthe Con
gress ofthe United States, would give, us this groat
extent of boundary if it waj expected thatit should
remain one state. And when gentlemen say that
they will never give up one inch of tiie Pacific cor.it’,
they aay what they cannot carry out, §0 far as lam
concerned, 1 should like to see six states fronting od
tbe Pacific, in California. I want the additional pow
er in tbe. Conaress of tbe United States of twelve fenL
etors instead of four; for it is notorious, air; ti at the
state of Delaware, smaller than 09r smallest district,
lias as roach power ip, foe senate a* foe prettt state of
New York. It is not tlie passage oT a fiill.fomtSh tho
House of Representatives that makes a law; that hill
bis to co through the senate, and in fopt body tho
state of Delaware has as much .power *s the Elite of
New York And tlie past history of ourcountry, sir,
develops tbe fact that vre will have state opon stato
here—probgbly as many as on the Atlantic aide—and
as we accumulate states we accumulate strength; our
institutions become more powerful to do coot!, nnd.not
to do evil. 1 have no doubt the time will enmc whed
we will have twenty states this side of the Rocky
mountains. I want the power, sir, and the popula
tion. When the population comes, they will require
that this stata shall be divided” . . ,
As evideit’ce that ihe inhabitants residing south r.’.
the parallel of 36 deg. 30 min.- preferred a tr rritorinl
form of Government, foe same gentleman (Mr. Gwinj
held the following language, page 195:
“Sir, are we not here forcinjf a atafo govermnenS
upon a portion of the people of Ca ifomis. whose dele
gates have, by their recorded votes, stated foe fact
that their constituents are unanimously against a state
covcrnraent.and in favor,of a.territorisl organisation?
Do you expect aud require that they shall sustain
this government, and exclude them from our stats
boundary. Gentlemen affect to believe that, in tak
ing in a large extentof territory pot represented here;
nnd from wbfch ho opposition to onr action baa be-
comeknowi) tons, we are doing a great act of injus:
tice to these people; when, at foe same moment, wd
have here before 03.the direct prbteif acainst a state
government of a portion of the inhabitants of this ter
ritory who nre represented,. But do we stop—do wq
refraiufrom committing this act'of iqjoiticeT No.sir.we
go on and include them; we never think of excluding
them. They boar the expenieof a state eovernment
while they prefer a territorial uoverument; hut rather
than submit to a separate organization, or run tbf
risk of getting no government at all, they waive foci*
objection, and act with us."
And again, page 197: , ,
“The ptoviio ofthe gentleman from Monterey, (Mr!
Halleck) was added at his suggestion. 1 prefer send:
ing my proposition aa I offered it. \Y'o should i.of
mutilate our constitution on this subject- We send
it to a great power. Gentlemen deny, the right of
Cougreas to interfere with the subject ot our limits,
ff Congress has not the power to designate what « e
shall be. why do we aeud pur constitution there? C
was opposed to Jiny other boundary but that of Cali-
fornia as recognised by the government* of the Unit
ed State* aoAMexico.'for another reason, god I con
sider it a very important one, that if we letiye a por
tion of territory out. we would necessarily open e
question which we here should not interfere witi).-^
We all know what 36 deg.30 min, ia. It ia the great
bone of contention North of that there is nn contest;
south ofit there ia a contest, Ifeentleinon will look
where this line strikes foe Pacific, they will see that
nut a solitary vote was cast by a delegate in this con
vention south of that line, except thnte cast against a
state government. The representatives here from
that region are unanimous in their votes against the
establishment of aststegovernment. If we include
the territory these delegates represent on the coast,
why exclude .the barren waste beyond, where no
white msn-iives? We take away the substance nud
leave the shadow. Let us take the whole territory
or atop at that line. If we stop at that line, we mutiU
ate'the convehtibh by excluding the members south of
it." ' - . , ,
Page l64,"lir.Semple, tbe president of foe conven
tion, said:
“l'feel under some obligation to repeat n conversa
tion which has a direct bearing upon this matter.—
There is a distinguished member of Congress, who
Holds hia sest from one ofthe states of the Union, now
in California, With a desire tr) obtain all the inform
ation possibleiurglation tothe state of things on the,
other side offoe mountains. I asked him whst was the
desire ofthe people in Congress. I observed to him
that it was not the desire ofthe people of California to
t|»ke a larger boundary than the Sie-ra Nevada, and
that we would prefer not embracing within onr limits
this deaertwaste to the east. His reply was: ‘For
God’ssajiejpaveusnoterrttpry to legislate upon in
Congress.' He went on to state then that the great
object in our formation of a state government was to
avoid further legislation—there would be no question
as to dur admission by adopting this course; and tlint
all subjects of minor importance could afterwards be
settled, I think it my duly to impart this informs;
tion to the convention. The conversation took place
betweeu Mr. Thomas Bntler King and myself."
Valuenf Slaves in California.
■ Some idea may be formed of wbat the value ot
slaves would behn California, if permitted to he tukeii
there, from what follows, page T37:
“Mr. McCarverthcn moved the following section:
“38. The legislature,shall, it iti first session, pass
such laws as will effectually prohibit free persnus of
color from immigrating to and settling in this state;
nnd to effectually, prevent tbe owners of slaves from
bringing them into this state for the purpose of set
ting them free. ’
“Mr. M Carver. This is foe article which I offered
to the House some time ago. I withdrew it at this
suggestion of several gentlemen who thought it would
be more appropriate iu another part of the constitu
tion. , • ,. -
“I have no doubt, sir. font every member of this
House it aware of the dangerous position in which
this Country is placed,owing to the inducements ex-
isttng here for slaveholders to bring tlieir slaves to
California and set them free.. ,t ntn myself acquainted
with a n umber of individnRls who. \ am informed, are
now preparing to' bring tbeir slaves here upon inden
tures and Set them free. I hold it to be a correct doc
trine, sir, that every state has a right to protect itself
against an evil so enormous as this.”
Again, the same gentleman, page 36:
“Let ui look at the inducements,, and see whether
these fears are without foundation; let us see what is
the probable valae uf an able bodied negro man in tho
aonthern states—they hire there at from sixty to one
hundred dollars a year. Suppose you pay 8700 to get
a slave here, anil let him free on condition that ho
shall serve yon forone year. He produces, according
to the ordinary pate* in tlie mines, from, two to six
thousand dollars There are many of our southern
friends who would be flad to set their negroes free-
and bring them be-e, if they produced only half ot
that amount. When the terms of the contract have
expired, what would these slaves dof They would
become a burden on the community. And 1 ran to
sore yon. sir,, thousands will be introduced into this"
count-y before long, jf Jon do bot insert a positive
prohibition against then) in yoor constitution—an im
mense, an overwhelming pppulatjpq qf negroes, who
have never been freemen, who have never been ac
customed to provide for themselves.*'
And, in like terms, page 180. Mr. McDongal:
“Gentlemen have risen on thil floor and stated that
they had received letters from, the south, end that
they knew 01 many others who want, to hriog their,
-- -- - ----- , > c eniro lacine ,] n ; el here.end work them for a slioii period in the
front, from the boundaries of Oregon to those of mine> , rid , hen emancipate them, ti this ci natito-
Mcxico~an extent of tea degree* of Latitude,
and extending eastward to embrace the roonn-
tmn range, called lh« Siena Nevada. Thus
tho coast population in California, by a mere dash
of th*» pen, exclude from the commerce of the
Pacific ocean the immense and boundless territo-
ry wh.ch lie befimef. them, with the millioi.3 of 1 that, they can get for them m the slates
^ ' ' ' ich will swarm there at a future that aa foe ! f we ^nd onr con.t
lthongh Nature bereelf | t ®° objection a e a.
vise, by leaving an
t»on it throw** back upon u’S for re-coifsideratinn, Jfc
leaves them the opportunity.of bringing tlieir slaves
here. Jtiswhat they desire to. do^-tocrtntoioirje
strongly objectionable featoro in.the constitution, in-
order that they may bring tfceir ilaves here and work
them three months. They will even then get more
- * gmm '*—*— I look npon
tion to Coa*
s thia.”
I add a single quotation more, to give some idea or
the extent to whinb tbe people in California were re-
! , - , .. j * the extent to which the people in a a morn, a v» ere re*
; 25““ ,be ° Ce l"' be ,T ee u • hB P r 8 ? ? f • presented in this convention. At Jtt.go 193, Mr. BoUS
34 slid 35 decrees, where the chains of mouutaja f
ecuted.”
Yet, monstrous as it may appear,tho fact never. ., .
thele.s remains, that, uuiler the evil counsels of subside into the plain. _ I vYes. sir, I am told there arc thirty t’nn
those around him, amongst the first acts of his ad* ; I will not detain the Secnte by rending trost the 1 men in this extent of country eastof:!
id free
s well
others hereafter to be noticed, and append
it to roy remark* when in print." I allude to
ministration Was. through the military commander ; debates in convention. But I propose to q
iu the Territory of California, to invite the inhabit- from them on the points alluded to above ..
ants found there to H.sembJe jn convention, and
pass laws and ordinances in contravention of
the authority of tbe United Stntes—law, and or
dinances by which the inhabitants Were to defeat
and annul the title 01 the United States, acquired
nnder the treaty with Mexico, which foe coustitu-!
lion declares shall be “the supreme luw of foe j
laud,” aud to wrest from the government of the
da. which vou propose to include i
1 they in the -District of Sonoma.
. < -r (inaiCt Are
Monterey? Thirty thousand freemen unrepresented!
rjo you know, sir, by what vote of my conrtitnents X
. gita'pon this floor. I wjJ] telJ you. I receive* n re y
. , ■ ■ ”"7 ,, ~i ,ix votes—I, who am modeilK reqneated to lecislstct
"A'pimdix containing quotation, ifomtht report*/ for thousand peopie j ne . ? , 5 »w. sent hero
by ninety-six votes, bly colleague, it is true.
makes this propoahioo, recei ved toma euty orthir*
ly mors; aod as for tbe remainder of my f oH&aguei; J
the debate* in the California convention.
ON THE BOUNDARIES OF CALIFORNIA
Mr. Gwin said, 196 oflr.8 report of d«oatee:)
If I understand ti© gentldman from Sonoma, (M*. ■ uvlieve they a van worao oi? thau 1 am*