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LJ. ^ 1 -*•' • * -
A'STATE AS TO A PIUVATH IJfijilflDCitt,' AND THE GLORY OF. A* .STATE iVt^E C03f3105I PKOf EBTT OF^AJLL ITS CITIZENS.'
MACON, GA.', TUESDAY MORNING. 'JURY 23, 1850.
VOL-rXXIV. .NO. 49
She ©corgia QlelcgrapI),
18 PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING
0Y BAY Ac BOSS. J ‘
Terms: v ^ .>•
forthe paper in advance, per annum, $2 *>r
If not paid in advance *3 OO-
If not paid until the end or the year *3 501
Wo naner discontinued, except at the option of the
pjblii^er, until all arrearages are paid.
8r ? ““dor vary peculiar obligations tocherial.
a f pint of compromise and concession.' If I’were
10 Wft at this question as a party man. ]
should deprecate moat bitterly an appeal based open
'mentof'theaccuj ttH* * *jgroa “ nd d "’' nri * t ''“’"P
qnsrters, is truly surprising.
SSR&&&SF**'
tionsto doall that i
aon’trsctin?- • ' * -
Advertisements not specified as to tl
)(shed until forbid and ebarsed aecordv vplK , - ^
Uaxxmcx* and Obituary_N»dees exceeding tea
tisas. will bo charged aa adyertikfcnb
, '•*)) letters directod to this Officehr the Editors on
toslnoss.mait bo rost Min.to injure attentionJ
JUDGE JOHNSON’S LETffEn. ***^
MACON, Jnr.c 2Fth, MJO,'
nria Sia A number of your'friends’ hero repo-
•in* *rr*t confident?* i» yoonphUricaf intelligence and
Mtriotisnj are very desirous ofhaving your vihvg* in
Nfsrsnee to the great and. jfcponaoa question that
uitates the public mind.. .Wealtado of-conr»p
to the Slavery Uaestion..and^ss it.iaprcseotpdtd : y
is llr Clay's a*called Compromise Bill. . |
t'ieftl Doitram. a* it has been aptly called, 1
tlistoueht to aatisfy the Southrona.it'^a'.verd thin
diisuised fraud aponmireohstitritkmal'nght*? Wh
nesrara ought to satisfy tbp StiOfln and ought the
5“*^*5*!'dcro«ra my position i» well ondersttmd and
mere lore I need not seek to sbo'w roy seal foe Demo-
l*y.ah attempt to assiciatothe doty of the tooth
-5 dmevgeacy with either its psKltlsSory
P* future honor. My motto is, let all pnttiesof the
aaxtof ArfftiloaJ • .. . . v
• But the southern oppononta of Mr. Clay’s bill j
JjJf e’krd. whether they do not admit the right of
tho inhabitants of a territory in forming a State
1 constitution, to deride for themselves, whether
Page 184. ML Semple, the President of the con*
ventiqp.said:■,. .>
." i-* 8 ?^“^e r 'Sath* oMjfcuipoto repeat a ennverta-
non which has a direct bearing upon this matter.
’ There ia a distinguished member of Compress", who
lj!8Ss?sr , ffiKS^'- s *' : * fc a
saBsamtammamamaaa
it is not. By answerm* any or „.
or soy r therthat might strike you iu rofercr
ynuumgroatlyohjige^^ ;
- LARIvTN GRIFFIN.
..JORN-Jr4<)NB3e-‘
R. A~Lv ATKINSON,
A H.COWIU1TT,
J.M. GREEN,' ••
, . -8AN.J.RAY.,;... .
• Hon-H.V.Jonpsox, ... uv'vfivnV:',
Milledgeville.
M»tnt>cT.v«.t.r.Ga. Jcly. 4t_h,
Gentlemen—I aid honored by the receipt ofyour let
itrof the 28th alt:, asking ray view*, of the Slavery'
Uoestiou, “*s it is preoented to os,; in Mr. Clay 's'so,'
not Mr. Clay’s bill carry out" fully tho southern
doctrine of non-interference, in reference ia Utah
anaNow. Mexico ? These questions are plausible
and specious. But they entirely ignore .1 ho.facts
nud consideration* which expose tboir fallacy.
As a southern.man. I would ont oppose the ad
mission ol California, because her constitution
prohibits slavery.' Oil this subject, in a speech
S ivered in the Senato of tho United States on
88Ur of February, 1849, I.'oxpresSod the fol
lowing sentiments, And I repeat them here: :1 '. r v -
.■'lat ltpot bo inferred from wlpit-I bamdaaid Bait 1 -
would oppose the admission of aStateloto the Union
on tbe ground of its being a free State. I have 00
such feeling. Jf California and New Mexico shall bo
part of
I - ,_ vi -P WHIf
cipate in the formation of theircivil and aocial ayatero; 1
•lection to the Bench, l have »e<tnloosly apod aloof
from pnrtv pulific*. .1 shall continue to\do 90. But i ‘
the que»tttmaprrtpoundediAjpoH*ttdf. are nptof that '
rbtrseter. Slsvery.in all it»'a*pccte, rises above* 1
party. It is too important.tfKtprgPhic. too vitaltnih#'
wellbeing of tlie South and tho harmony of this girat
Confederacy, for iu desttnr iver to be United with
tbs mutatinps of party.. Thus regarding it,-1 <10 not
depart Irora the course prescribed for myself try return
ing a pro.npt sod frank response fo jour call. *•;.
You presenrthino propotitiona upon which yoo dp,-
tire my opinions, viz: •* , - - .
1. Is Mr. Ciavs Corapromitcy “V measure that
ourht to satisfy, the. adutb; oi'is^it *,# tljjelydw-
cuised fraud open our Cnnstft Jtinn«> right* f •
IiimwnRw‘Hpl'm'1
« -r ■ -r- -„ _r..‘.L.
'■What pleasure ought to a
istythc south,' and',
onght the line of 36 J JQ'. tO bp tne cXtfettic'fmlit of ahr
Torire«,ion» I” • ’ . .'*
3. "I« this a pvatticnl qacltidn-ot-not—Alavery S
the territories l’’ ' VTr "**t •.<
These qnettiona opon ri widn frcld -fhr. dim nsaion—
one wliirh cannot ber explored ip n communication of.
erference, aball exclude slavery, and at a proper
-time the people shali.fiha Seate constitutions, proiii-
biting its existence, I 'would cheetfally vote for their
admission,even (hopgb they hg-free Sates.” -
U it asked then. why-.I oppose tho adrois
. • , .. . de«tr«toobtaln.tH the in
formation possible in relation tetbe atate of tliincs on-
tbe other side of the mountains. I asked him'what
wm the desire of the people in Congress. I obser-
ved tohim that it was not the desire of the people of
California to take a larger border than Sierra Nevada,
nnd that we would prefer not embracing within our
i S ,u Jt.* 1 jf desert waste to the east His reply was
* For God's aake leave ui no territory to legislate up ■
onin Congress.’ B even ton to state then .that the
great object in onr formation 'of n state government
putt.isais rarther legislation—there would be no
qneatien as to onr admission by adopting this coarse;
and that mil subject* of minor importance oonhj aftcr-
warxls be settled. I think it my dqty to impart that
information to the convention. The conversation took
place between Mr. Thomas Bptler King and myself."
7 C Now, why .was it, tiiat people South ol. 38°
40f>*Orp Opposed to the -State organization anil
not to be included'within the Jimits of- tlie State
proposed to be' formed.! IVliy was tlre lipe.of-36 0
SO 1 deaiguatrdl. Is there nothing significant' 5n
this foot!' Gam the. object h'e^mi*tak«i 1 '-Doe*
anyman doubt.thal it bin] reference to slavery 1
Can the conviction bp. resisted, thqtthey. desired'
to decide that qiieation for theroselve*, free' fropl
-controlling influences •‘of the populous regions of.
San Frncisco and the gold mines! }\ l
' I must venturo'a.siugle. other quotationgto'shovv,
that the people were;not fully represeuiled ip the
Convention. Mr. Butts, aiiother .delegate held
the following language? page W3.. . • - y -r
"Yes, sir, I am toll] there are thirty thmunnd free
men inthiapxtont of ppqntry-gatt of Sierra Nevada,
which yon’propose to include-in your Ifonta. Are
they.in thedijtrictof Sonoma or Sacrameiito'. or Mon
terey ! Thirty thousand people unrepresented!. Do
yuo know air.by what .vote of. my' constituents I att
upon thin floor. I will tell yob. 1 received niosty six
votea—T.whq am modestly'requested to legixlntefor
thirty thbaaand people loevet saw.'arii dent here • by
ninety-six votes. My colleague, it itsptn, who makes
this prdpositiho. received tome twenty^Or thirty more,
and aa for the remainder of my colleasues,' I ,be)icv'e
they are even wotxe off thanJt au.'d. .' < ■ ;
coortenn* consideration, that it'is due to .the deli
cate and tender sensibilities of gentlemen,'. Jfom
the free States, who visit Washington on hasiness
or pleasure.. .To have countenanced snch a prop
osition,-a few years ago. would have, subjected
any man in theSouth. to the unmitigated tndiga-
lion of all men of all parties. It was considered
unconstitutional—that Congress had do jurisdic
tion whatever over the subject. Was that opinion •
right or wrong! Or haslbeconatitutionrhaDged!|
t read it now as I did then. But I drop the sub-
ject without further comment. The onus rests
upon those whom presidential aspirants, have
cajoled, to show,' that any, end what concession is
made by it to the South. - ■ . -.j-; . >•
The snrrender of this point by^the. South were
tolerable, -jf it would silence the yelping and
howling; of the despicable pack of abolitionists.
Bnt like ibh scent of blood to ikjjjwuy panther
it will but wbet their appetite, and they will
become ioilder and more fierce, in their clamors
foraboliiion ia the District, and the suppression tf
tho siavetrade between the States * For be it're
membered,Ihe committee of. thirteen* distinctly
dgflined lo deolare^thatabnlitiofi iji the District is
vneoiutiiutional, and tif report a bill, for that pur
pose, on the, grtiuiid or iaexprAieney. But who
does not know, by tbe biaiory of the pasl, that' fn-
crpniicnry will rapidly vanish before the rampant
zeal of an' irresponsible-ao<l inconsiderate ma
jority ! -Who doesqnt know that it Will b® con-
ffomed like stubbie by tho holy tire of such godly
politicise*, as believe in nnalldgiance higher than
thatrwhich'.they owe-lo the constitution, they
haveswornta support!- Perhaps it will be iu-
•tructive;general|v.aiidto8Uch especially, ■* fa-,
vhorMr.-ClXy'a bill, to read tlie follovving.article,-
extracted from the ‘.‘AiAer/y Qrtrd'' of tha>'Ainor-
aqnare-. miles of slave territory to bo added to
New Mexico. It requires us to yieled lbe right
to Co.ugrcss to legislate on theVubject of slavery,
m the District of Columbia.. Jt requjres us to ad-
mit bv impliraiii.n. the l'iglit "f r .tigress to puss
the Wiimot rroviso—nu mp'i. -r'oo ir.-e-lstabk.
:Mrt)»jMOwMof-Mr.-CUyy report, that it was
DoTaeeme3iexpedieolor net.-.-sar■>•. to attoch.itto
the section cresting temporary'governments, for
Utah and New Mexico. It requires us to enter in
to bonds, upon affidavit of ourfugitiye.siaves, as a
conditfon precedent to rpe exercise of a plain,
positive and unqnalified constitutional right to
have tKn* delivered art dcinond. In a word, is it
not obvious from the provisions of tb'e bill and the
report of Mr. Clay accompanying i'. that it. wa*
the object of the Committee at every step, to bow
to, and satisfy the prejudices, and demands of tbe
non-slaveholding States ! Andforall these vacri-
fices, jti* said the North foregoes tbe Wiimot
Proviso as to Utah nnd New Mexico. Wonderful
concession this, vieyved in connexion with, the.de-
cTaration of tbe.Cpmmittee, iu. their report, that
the’Proviso-was unecessary !■ And those who do
havomo terrors for "me. Fqr whoever may be a
‘’faellonettr’ I feet abd know (hat I am not;—
Whoever may be an t - ogi/o/or.’ J J. feel nnd know
tjiat I am not. VVhoever may be a "dunaioniri '’
ITeel and know thi{t I hnve b?eij educated ih sen->'[ _— , , . t
ttinents of habitqul reverence for the Union. ' But I tant. such-a’division of the terrftories would eira
||—1? — o •-— * hie the South to maintain her strength iu'iheSen-*
tbe abstractions of Mr. Calbonn. ^ But that does
not vacate its truth, ns a proposition of political
philosophy; "and-nfew fleeting years will bring it
home to the southern mind, with the power of over
whelming- practical 'demonstration. For expe
rience teaches us, that we have nothing to hope,
Irom the justice or magdauimity of a -Northern
majority. ;■ • ; ’■ -r*r-.
How then, I osk, in response to your Second
question, can the South accept less, in a division
of the territories, than what lies south of the par
allel of 3G 30? This should Indeed be the ex
treme limit of onr concessions?"
A division by this line is for from being a just'
apportionment of tho territories. It gives tho
Nqrth fully two-thirds of the whole;.but I have
always beeu willing to an adjustment upon this experiment.
basis; as a measure of compromiu to tarn'tie Ueion. ‘ Bnt it is said", that’ this would lead to
It is the Compromise of tbe North herself—pro-
pqsed by herself, upon the adi0' M i o u of Missouri;
and literally forced upon the South; Let her not'
now repudiate it. Let her be held to her bond.
Having been an long acquiesced in, and fceing
well understood.by the people, it would probably'
do more tn promote qqjet and harmony,,than any
plap of adjustment which could be diA'ised. '•
Moreover, the parallel o.f 38 30, is vorv nearly
the linewhich nature has fixed, by clifhslA, soil
and productions, north of which slave labor has
not proved to be permanently'profitable in. the
Vilited States, and would not probably be carried,
even if- unrestricted. And what is moa'l irapor-
: current of patriotism and inteiiigence of wliicb I*
belfovo they are tho etipotlfents, that I would
present the appeal. Let the Soutli united’ tender
tho Missouri compromise as her ultimatum let tho
issue go before the people of the North at their
next election*,and my word for. ir, it u-ill draw
foriUr. ityJi^W’raWout from iu'atuuiii. rs, nil their
dormant patriotism. They will calcuiate the value
of the Uuion—the-irtipoftance of Southern agri-
riculturei.-to all their interests'of navigatin;i, man
ufactures and commerce. rex pec t nothing from
Congrea* ai pojv orgnni/o,i. ft.it with such eu
issue Before tbe Northern people in tbe nest eleo-
.tions, 1 should hope sangiiinely upon such a change
of representation as'.would place adjustment upon
that basis beyond doubt. The object is worth the
it fs-revertneehot so bliud. M . to make me- bow
down and worship it, when . it is used by
ghtuiot toaatifv th.
With these stubborn and siguifiennt facts blazon
ed to tbe world, who'can say, with truth, that in
opposing the admission of California, I. repudiate
the doctrine; that the people of a territory, inform-
log (heir Stata'cdnstiliiti'in. have the right to de
cide for tbemseh-es, the question- of. sfovary ? So
far from this, whilst on the one hand,' I refuse "to
•aoctibn and.approve, the Iniquituous conduct of
Congress, wbicbhna resulted 111 the exclusion of-
the south, on the other. I insist that the voire of
the people of paliforoia.-Soulh of S6 C 30' shall Be
fairly consulted. I insist, that it shall not be sop-
pressed and it* utiereoce'choked, by Abe heart-
less gang of public plmiderer* from the free States,'
who swarm about the gold digging* and environs
cxtraded irom tnc .xiwf/tf vw®» quit®. . Amor* | r ° . • > j. - - a i* - *
ican and foreign ai.U.foyrry Society." which I 1 denounce,!, as a t’very tbmly diguised fraud
find an liwalr r*.Sw». aienled .» a «P*«7 ®0r COOS.tlt0tU.0al .fight*. . . ' ,
But ibis bi|l is offered to the South, Jflrthe price-
of peace atid harmony to tbeUtiio'hr We Vi»e pre-
iinpdos in boundaries by Congrrks, who alone has
the.'right to prescribe and fix them. It isnota
territory orjiioizcd into' a temporary goyerqmeut.
who olotte hair ibe right thus to organise, it. I op
pose ir, because Ihe people -there ere not, iu any
constitutional sense inhabitants thefeofc'" They
have as a people, 1111 permanent, interest in the
soil—no political rights over it. -' TI16 greatipaka hf,
thrtn are adventnteix. who hnve gone there, with-
nut any intfption of permanent location, but *ini-
piyip prey.npou the mjne*, which nro thc com-
uj jWinperty of ell the State*. They have no.
In ooicr
Snath nagiit
mi»e,
theS^Mh! 14 O^^a^’itirStolS^^af^'Wtho 1 toos*T«rpobfa-isndf‘fln*uihorired ; psniTaiirm. To
’admit it as a S.’ale. under eoob circunutoiMr*, u
not milv to,*nIictftm -anst rainy «uch usurpniloir,
(.to luflic * *
•cqaisitinn by thr <ik|twtgnMSfX«aaUi lt*pql,lM.
of Uia provinces oC. O»irforpisf itaAJ4eWllexico.''Coio- — .
prising *r. area, of territory, forcer than tbj oanmul Jnit to inflict decp.pei inuucut and degradiuginju*-
thirtecn stste* of lliiallninti, . his.tlte fiyit .of.cultr, tice upon file South. : £
pton toil common blood, and commbti troaanrC; and
catcqaently it fo thecodir—~
Itates of this Conredrncy
havincati nndivMed ihtfi. - ,-P®. ■. .HP!
treat of the whole. Serb Itftlio doctrine Ojir e ••t'V;
holding Stitev, *»)eranly procTaimed by the ptipblar
meetings and letffolativoaase'tnblie*. NoVdo I haow,
r rtfoVsnrthFm efofea.
. ir fs ro olivfanslj*
I think it might ta.be to every,SiMilhem xosii Il.Ua.
frand upon'lhe Simth: Il.s* a fraud upon the pep- .»fovc anil ;talfe%im ur he'd before any
plenF,California, wuiih ol 35° 30 1 ..- ", . Circuit or Diftrict'Courts of-tlie
If (bat part of-'Mr. Clay’* bill, which establish'-' " MBMWMtl it
esi territorial governments for Utah' nod New Mex-
all places under'erclosire'iiatipba! jnrisdictior.and 10;
all states cfe'Sted. out af-sfny territory Of the United
SUtes.ii unconitUiitionol."—Page l6tT. ~ ,,
• Yet Snbthern'men .vainly Wpe to quiet this.agi
tation, by fulluwiDg the jenJ of. Mr. Clay, in sup-
presping the.Have'trade i»ihe IHttriet. I. Would as
.soon-expect to extinguish a burning pile by pqur-
iogojl uphnits Hanics. "A '.-.l'.. j. *
l Thel«?t pill, in this feculent box of_nniiseous
nostrums, is .that iir relation to the aUr?endCr of
fugitive s|h>cs. - The provisTon of the Constntion
touching this subject is in tlie f.illnwing words:—
‘no person held to servicaor labor in oiiestate.under
tbe law* thereof escaping Into another, shall in
eonseqnense ol any law o( regulation tbereih, be
discharged frtmi sucl, iaiior or -service,-' bat shall
bq delivered;up, on claiip.of tbe-pariy,-1n , whom
such'service or iaboar shall bq due,’’ ^ee. fl. Art.
4N Tbe eonstilQtinn was Adopted by the States ih
gobd faith, each trusting to the honor noil fliteKVv-
t>f. Ihereji, to execute-it* proyfoluii*. ; Under, this
view, the framers cnnteniphitril. that:’tile' State
legislatures should; and lynnld-provide^ by law.
fur the capture of and delivery of .fugitiveslaves
Hence, we find no ' Ipgistitibn. by Congress, on
this subject, until l?9:l'.'. Thnt-act ntnborixed any
owner'or hi* agent to sri/.o or arrest Ids fugitive
wmmm states,
reiidinger being within th«-State, or before..any ,
uiAgisii'att) of A-cotiuty, 'ciry or town corjiorate.
•wlioreinAuoh seizure' ur arrest shall bo made, and,
show either by oral-testimony be aflvfovh, tb'ai
her mooring. The.popti'lar'diind is faiutantj wea-
ry.frojn this perpptiml excitement. _ iFjie" corin' try.
needs repose. 'It is rTnie, thai. this -weartiTg' And
tearing agitation should cease', arid that tbe.liieling
of fraternal kimlliess wjiicb apiiiuited the bosoms
'of the |ifople t in th« better days oF tbe repuidjc,.
should liel-eitored-' But liber*I" and humrtiMtriig
as are these corieesstri/is. whitli tlie South is Asked
ate and secure to her whatever future acquisitions
of- adjacent Mexican territories, may be made,—
lit alluding to this, I would uot be understood ps
desiring snch.acqnisitions Bnt I belive they will
come—events will bring them in their order.—
Then, let tlie South see to it now, that she place*
herself in a position to receive into her lap the ri
ipeninit friflt*. of the future. Does any-one doubt,
that at no very remote day, Canada will.befonnex-
e<I to this Union T It will he a.free Sthte. anjradd
Let us then Antici-
IVilmot Proviso. It prohibit! the terr torial leg's-
latures from pasoing any Jaw,; respecting-ther es-.,
tahlishrnent or abolition of; slsyenr.'- ^Ac'Si.**,
certily tne same, which eiiun warraui me toaster
,.m r«a"novin» his slave hark whence fie fled. -It also.
amentUd, it'provides,-that when iliVv slndl ftp- . impuked a penalty on" any person obstructing or
ply»iliey shall bqadmitted into the .Union, wbe-. i-hiuderiq* such claiiriaiits or baftoringVii'fll fugi-
the'r their constitutions permit'or,forhi.i- slaiery.- IjivVelaves^-Thissta'ute is nmpfe iii.it* |S covisions,'
In a word;ft icsrCs the* question of sfacVry pie-‘j jf-l^U people AikI legisls.lurc* of Iburfree Stotos
eiselv where it Wa* left bv the " CliyInn conlilfo- ’ fi,-,l.vor.i»imvl foithlu! lo'their constitutional olrii-
cloud was not--larger than a man’s hand : now it
Barkens the heavens and shakes (he eafth with it*
thunders.— -ltyqmnjchcrd with a. few contempti
ble societies, composed of forinlics and qilly W0--
‘metr. but uow. jhey bave m'iltiplied and increas
ed, like the frogs and lice.of Egypt, in the,days
of (l;iiI*i(VengA»iice,‘Until the wlidlofaod, N'ortii is
infested.-.'. FttUiia sqntiment utin'dei'lfiafr control,'
and puiiiicjans court their favor and obey tlieir
beheste.'xTbe south has yielded.to thuir demat;ds
Mild submitted to tbeir Tns6jeiy:e,Sin|il they now.
uotoidy require the exclusion of slavery from all
thp’terrjiorjfes, Snd irshbolifioa irr^tha ..Djdtrict of
Cldiimbio, fofts, dock-yards,..fitc.rliot universal.
cmnncipaljon is openly avoided hs tbeir otiject.—
Ihave beffirettin Ihe.fJAjtnnqtBepo'rt of thtf Afnrir-'
•ican and Foreign Anti-slavery Society," adopted
nt'a meeting, beid. in New York on the : /th qf
.Vl»y^l8u0,irbih wjiii.li I have already mads ex-
tfocts. Tl isn volnniu orifS.pages.*dr'awnjip with
tlhfuiti-r
cisely where it Vv»s left by lho." CIijt«ncompfo-.f had- retiinined futthlof lo'their eouilitutioioil obli
ini-c." While’Mwl the honor of a seat;in th« •'Instead of this, liowcjer lhey:threw in?
Seiihto.cf.thoi'UaileilStates'/1 voted’ fur that'bill. r k &pcrjl>lqpl^itac-les is* the.wiiy of its ^execution;
| teiid-.-Witliio-thtrlimt fewoyeSr*. they have passed
laws, imposing heavy penalties upon any oi tlieir
has Ihe oil
of the Carted
npstpr in tho recap,
\ldrsn nil-pervading
All lhis must betfderated,*f alt things had been
M both’ seclioua of tin;
ursued eneb u course
M. ..f--j 0 preVeftt emigra
tion from the Sontbcin StutC8 to California, and
thus (o exclude them, from mi equal.voice, in tlie
. formation of the constitution which she olieis —
* j Tliev have refused to organize territorial gov-—
-.4 mcnfo. They have'ever hcld_ 1bq Wilirtot
'! .vino,in torro*. pver.tha heads
J ,'ple- They refused lo adopt,
i.v of iho Slates and theif common Interest.in tho tar- 1 nying, that ilio coti»tJlnttoi>, by virtue of . Ihe McX-
ritorif*, vet intist*.' Hi fit entifc'^orfuee,*, * c ' nn uejity [of crssioo,. oxlcmleil over Jbo Irenty
slavery shall bn prohibited, by ConereSS.'which, 1? 1 a/qi'dred; And when it waS- propofed- by ,M -.
o carry bis slaves mto noy imuury
States; that the Mexican laws pn;. j of Vs fiigitivn’
bihitnry-Of-sfove^y. wcre ubrogai^d
cation of.the treaty pf peace, aiultl
ivcr.iaxecpgurejil as property iu tne eiaicc, oy . arntcctait, nnd, 111 ySSSniwicpI owners novo
titutioi), VTonU.fjc conidroe.t Bud hdjtirfgt'if I h c 'en mobbed and murdered ju tbe ritlciOpt'to re-
tbri VtrttttWtlifim jvpntlAc qbligrrGJiiy ^
to be propoi ty by tlie snpreme nonet, iu the, to r rt- gi,in theif property, 8uch - viulatjuns of.pdblio.
tnr'ics. I ha' e seCn iKikrguknent, Iwm any qnar- < (isftU between foreign State*, is-» g®o<j; cause of
ter to shake tbeso opimmis', I 'would -ihcreturo, .1 ivac, and iVould, loug ago, have- engendered it.-
under similar'circumst'at'Ce.A give the same vote I* this the IcelTiig wliirh ought- to actuate >i*t«r
a'oDttl ai * measure of Ccatpicanitr. _ JTif bcoonse ^tatc»V.uiiKcd n tby ban Is ct'n- enir.mon Union ?
as" I !~ a a/, ... ,, anhlainj still* fdnlllYA wliW’ll (* . .. si, .. C * 1, I.. rv,1.,. Iiinn s f f 'Is* i-on *\T e
nliilily, rind no-doubt (attlifuitj -reflecla tbe arfti-
slavery sentiments and'designs of tlie fcke States
of- this Union, - Itcon tains ajrintisiicaiirr^qqnt, ..of
the action of nenriy every reiigioiis and.ecclesW9-
licnl association in no>free S!atrj. rhi>v»iog"tbeir
deep wrought hostHdy to the iiistimtioii of slavery,
and t heir tiuaiteiaoJctletenmnitllntwneyerUi cease.
thyir'Jnborsnutil ji'shall beubulislicd. Anufriitn•
a yicw ol 'the.whole, jb'e replntdfa'.vathjsgcueral
'-arid sUkragcbnchisioit* , ’• r " . '
■'"Rayfnjrta'Emi this'nnnual survey'of the afttislavc-
err longlt-wfil be iinivefs'allyxr'eatfta Asa disgrace, a
reproach, nnd a curse.''.—Page tvV-- 1 • vVf»* • W
. Tito Society rocptttW.ecdvut’altJ
ipittee tonppoiut,collectors ill the different States
to solicii fundsto enable them to send aaenlS Mtid
pubijeationsinto the. new territories; It endorsed.
tbe info moils. senfimeutofSe ward,: by fin-' follow,
ingresolqtionJ.,-'.».
. "7?<- u?cc</, Titif'jtv tfio fongittuje. of srinator'Sew* •
“»*“’re is atiigber law tlian thfl f-onatiKttion;"
c.fon^uage'iifSirAViUisbi Blackstnne.-Jino
lV1 . , ,-Wii are of any valiaitjv, if ciiritrarc totblsff-
J r . (js<«Hhnt all oofopremise* betytqjsn'riKhtjaim, wntnAf'
• i ...J _n « s which are repugnant to humanity nnd.
and yoict.".- O’ ■.'• * -.
.: fropi'.1 lie*e \nnd A tI(an*Ati>l : ojhrir
the auli-slnv^rjr seritbrient of the lice
oiir cbildren to be ‘overwhelmed by evils arid car
lamities,-which by-tirooly and united^ action, we
tnuy,possibly avert. ...... .
You'qahnot.foil to perceive therefore,"jn reply to
your last question, rbst I regard tlie subject of
afovery in thb territoriaa, as not only practical, but
vitgf. Uf»p.u rts proper and equitable adjustment
depends the paivatiun of the Union as well as of
tbe Sootfo ,. , > V ( j
Brit I presume your question fs addressed main
ly fo tbe poiiir.whetber slavery would probably go
tn.qny part of the territories, if left untriyn melted.
Upon tbisaubject, I entertain no doubt. Where
ver, the wages of a laborer range from $10 to $16
per day, slavery, will go. It is the cheapest and
mast productive. Ttii^swollen.'state of lliiugsin
'California, of course cannot last always . but will
thetitrie everadrivo when it cannot bemore-profif-
aldy worked by sieve hibor ? lii the speech before
alluded to, l expressed .tli6’ following ojtiuiotis.—
They feiriainltrichaiigcd
■■“The south is sought to be placed in.the altitude of
factious ojip'osttfori to the organization of these hetr-
ly-acqnireii territories, pn the, ground that their cli-
mate, Spil, aii(t productions are nnsuited to the. em-
ptt.y meat ol slave labor. T VhsIl iait consider at lencfh
the geograpliica.l position andieatures of . oar Pacific
pussessious. If focertaialy true that much the larger,
portion of tlieih is unfit for. the cultivation ofrice. cuit,
tori, sngar.Shd Sfcjecpi’flta surface is marrCd-by irtj-
meuse rangeXVif moriotairis and trackless deserts, On.,
fit for the,hahitatiencf man. But who wjll deny that
slavelAbor'canbc profitably employed in' wotking the
. goltkmfoesnl Calitorpia? Itis cheaper, and it cost.the
owner nothing but tlie food and clothing of jjfo opera 7
;/tye*^ grid the ndgrn far excels' jhe White "man tq ca- *
pacity tb endure exposu'rfe*to afedrching snn'. drrtch'--
inq ruins, arid.-tlie'hardships peculiarly incident to'
the business of mining. Besides, there is ucousider-
ablriportion.pl'these territories—euoogh for tile form,
ation offtuiror five states of average dimensions—
the forma*
tion of sectional or geographical parties. Bait so.
It fs a sectional question. It concerns the South
peculiarly, and therefore' it is' indispensable to our
safety; that the South unite unanimously, upon
some common ground'of defence nnd vindication.
She never willbavejustice done without it. This
will of coin-se, lesult in the formation of sectional
parties—an evil which it were desirable to avoid,,,
bat-.a'much smaller'evit tiinn that with which are
threatened; Besides tlie South would not be res-
pobsible for it. She is the parly aggrived—she is
assailed hs a section, by tlie North as a teclion.—
Wby then shpuid v/e not unite as airc/itm.iti-soma
common mode of defence. Is it unpatfiotfo to
:exercise.the right.s)f sell preservation! But it'
ibis!be an evil, it would he but temporary in i’s
duration. .It would pass away with the caaso that
.gave it birtb. When the slavery controversy shall'
have been settled, parties will naturally resume,
their iiatHjpio, according to- fljetr respective go-'
litical prieciples. | -
■ IVhat l would-esy'theni iatbis, let the Smth in
and out.q!'Congrvss. ’nnito^in'opposition to Mr.
eiay’«,bill.and de'tn&ridiug. that tho North adhere
totfio Missouri compromise,-let-our representa-
tfve* defeat;'as they.haye* the. power to do, every
other'plan of adjtisfmerit. Lef tbia be dene, by
afl legitimate pacliameiitnry means, if uccd be,
nhlil the'expiration oT the present ;Congrcs*.—
tojtbe sfrqngth of,th.e North.
pate events arid brovidclor' tbemi' We live ubt'
fi>r,tbe.preannL'b°i lWo-abd' act for tbe gener-,... ,
atiorikthat are to come. God in his providence 1 Then let jhe,issue bq.distinctly, rosde before th«
vi -\ssighri(f this position, anti we cauUot shrfnV kpeopjo of this broad, confederacy, North and'.
thb obJigiitlpir.it imposes.'"-LelVs riot"teave I South. This is die proper mode of testing this.
n ljuttineaf, which doe* not
■ t *tri!oa*contest. .. ^ ; r , ■ r-ri^B
Does the diposition, wliirh Mr.-Clay sbiu
to ninko of these I
ifdlMf.’s.'.BHRBi
hr less than an equal partition of the
daily, if, along with ik the #qa4lity of the
**Vh«thenmrosho-^rovfoiortaoCthi* Ttfor-
e»ec tolbc:oterri*< rieaX It pwpoiM'to admit Jfo'i-
fornia as a State..with har preeaqt q'Vanfoatum^ and
will**»ecnre onefootof tqiritdrj^ xir tho
Rtatos ? I liavo. a«*ar seen if <teteftjle|h hy »nyj
aonlhern senator, who h»s advpcateo fho lull m a-oe-
bste. that *ucb woalrlkp ifIs effect,- Is npf the absence
of such a preteriitiman eloquent, bat fRrtnjslleiice.
Ia it not aqnsl to a Jnunilfotinp confession, .thst .the
igasa? uSK&assKKi
’hand,disjikoaancy in the other.- SoofhWn ■toi" jfo.
UriJted-'Stotes.Vy 4tobe 6^4^
forevar coneliKled fmil/Mtoppinl, Jlpm deoynig . - ‘ t.
.. t IfT ti« tl..*' f?iss flrnrn?.* T'TJlrt Hflt
iwristico a ltd Insnh, ever offered to a peoploefotm^ B
•rrigfoBeftoitnien! I* it not >nd \vitbout> a^^, _. - .--v-
aoutbern- heart jsnot fired.xaith indignatfon; nnd thriroa>e for ,mrjrtasw§|t, onleM>.ij^ri tojiaoilpp-
,.!Ti:«,rapfiayt»jifar BOPtfLIo undviPglHiaUtWb? - fp.Jba-f:»p!ic.a.phNortkcri) fonalfoistoJ/-- .
■*l!&iS&£!lFS^-S*2SW.B5ife,AV>ni*iw 1 t*r
Tact, that lhe'peopfe of that portion of California, I
south of ltd parallel of SO*. iroriB latitude, did,
* . *1. J C>./. sseouniWisin > fhrilf
Coocrosaaretbreritened, .tbak unlew.tkto b}«i not "deirito • State organization;, they tirofeiTed,
pass. Califuruia will be admitted *ep»retejy; and lerr i t ori*l comlithm. so,M' to instruct thmr defo-
trembling nl fi!artoe>H.>Uth<riDm«T*fheuia.dn*d' S " ‘ M 1 v
feelings of despair, ouusept to vote ori„ < u U*** t
Unt U done ” Would to God. they would take
cottiaga sod oppose it'to the bitter cm), under the
eoovjctioo which will, in doe time, come Upon them,
that if (Wts-tAefc*! that can ft done, tn* axarns
(to sirrxa THAX THB WORST. . •
It is insisted by s.ie, that Mr. Clay ’b.ll../»eal-
trrnativ* of the plan proposed by Ibe *<l«infatrotiob.
It fo contended that the dpfmi* of the,former, .riricef
•srily secures the adoption ol-the latter. This ts a
folio'issue Ilfs baked npoa the- essumption tbat
the south iabouad to submit to one or the other of
these schemes. I vieldto no eoch assumption. In
behalf of the sooth, es an indrvtdttoL I accept no
such iune. I reject it a*un worthy of hqr. honor and
bamiliatiog to her pride. The. presentation of the
question under this' aspect; may tm a yory (Mw **J
to rally the opponents of the Preeident.et tlie toc*in
csU afpnrlo, in support of, Mr.Cfoya measure, vuthj
the view ol crippling and Weakening bis administra
tion. But far higher lhairthfa.1*-the stand point from
which the southern statesman should contemplate
this question. • With him it. »booid be regarded as
•st.rilcge to associate with |t, the idea ofpsrty.—
The oaly issoe which he can accept. is tbe defent of
Mr. Clay's bill <u the one hand, aod. as its o*fg el-i
ternatice, justice to Ike South, on the other. To me.
General Tsytnr'a plan i* anj marri odioal, becsnSe ho
it thol**d«rof:a\Vhi»ad|mni«tration, and Mr. Clay’s.
oetneom acceptable, hecaued Uka "a wolf iu sheeps’|
clothing," it comes baptised with the misnomer of
Hiwilupriir.. Asa sMtberiflnttn, I scorn both. The
roath is not bound to submit to either—if sho- vrill* it. |
sho has tbe power to defeat both. I do no; therefore
view them in contrast Mr. Clay's hii l is tlie measure
before the eoustrr. and the course of the south in ref
ptXaoe to it shouidbe decided by sn examination of it
*In certain qusrtsm, also, powerful appeals are
made to the Democratic parity to npite jnlhosnpport
: me-or r,, . 1.! n 1.. ta.r •• • 1
thst of the adininistrstion of Mr. Polk. . They are told
thst they brought ol the sanaxation ofTexss—
thst the annexation of Texas Ird to the war with
Mcx;ci>—that tbe war with Mexico resulted.] n the
..-•lalsitionof these territories—thst U,c ui'.piisita n
Of tlivsc lerritnrips istbeo- rasionof jus fearful con-
kruv*my h< MinjfJPtduott-kfovehOTfAi 1
iajj»u-;.;s ; tr/ro the dr ssdcretioparty are mainly rpS.I
feasible, for the existing state of thing* and rossc.
proceed irige. . ' r -V ' '
Mr. Gwinn used tho following language, page
195; .<6£i .7
«• Sir. are we not bare forcjrg k «t*to government
i noti a portion pf the people of ^eliforr.!*. wJ>o*edel-
< cates Smre, by their recorded votes, stated the fact
that theirconstituents ere oriammoosly against a sjato
foverritnent, and in fovorof a terrilonalorginiizationT
])<-. yon not expect apd reqairp that they shall sustain
this government and become A part of it P If not. let
ns require theirtfelegates to retire from this conven
tion, apply to Congress fora tern tonal government,
and exciode tbomfromonr state honnduy. Gentle-
men affected tobelievo thst. in tsklng in a large ex-
■:rnt M territory not represented here, and fromwforh
,0 opposition to oar action ins become known,
'“o. P wT.redoin 5 .gre.t act of i.just.ee to Base
people; when nt the same moment, "e have
here before ns the direct protest stainst a *»‘ e 6®’'
crnmsntof a portion of the lohahitsnUofthis temto-
rv who are represented. Botdo we stop—do wo re
fraio from committing this act of injustice? No, sir,
we go on and’ include them; we never think of.fij-
• rlnriinc them. Thoy bear the expense of a state po-.
vernment. whfie they prefern territorial covcroment,
but rather than snbmit to a separata
ran the risk of getting no government at all they
waive their objection*, and act with us.’
Wo all know whst 36 deg. 30 min is- Jt >* tbe
great bone of contention. North hfthst **•?*£??
contest: aonth of st there is a contest. If Gcc *'l
med will look where this line strikes u, \ th ^ ,
will sewthstdot l
control nfwijtlisawtfc*?^ .'
i*»thex.territory after ibp-.treaty, nud reiii'jirott
imumnder lb»t dominaot'slovery roffnenco which
now prevail* in Texas. And it inch were not the
daSigh df Iho-confm inert *«Stl >fiere voter, auy »ra-
eeredesfiwto torider a proposituin of Compromise’
just arid foir. wby «>it erect .W*
miles 'into a seperoto territorial government 1
The reStori is olrvious. Itis wnv uudcr thejnns-
dictinn of laws wijicb.toierate slavery. ^TJieslnve-
holder of the South can remove there in saf ety.— j
Such territorial organization yyonld - result _ in tbe j which Con;
foniuitipri of One or two jf riot tnore sjSva States.4 tor. - -FoUi
l,y'n' white mair.fn sqjrvjfrijle, hss to-do, .ia to-pres
fer jiis (xttiHon to a’jiistice .tfi the Inferior Ctorirr
opthe CiiOnty, oel'ing fiirth tfie htoto, ap<j.-iYis
made bis. dutv to errquireintothem. . If .thebe'he
« probable ground, to believe,"- that the complftidt is
'WellforiIideii. hoi* to'order -tfio' irfgrn/tuUt'*thb.
'.cristody pf tlie Sheriff, until the pretended-owner
sliall enter, into'bond, with gOe.J swm’ity. -not' to
retnrive; or attempt to remote, such negro, . until;
tlie cause i» finally. jUljptlfoated ti v/ tlje Inf r : <ir ■
'bonrtl.' ‘So for, a* Geoi-gUt is coneerneil. arid l '
dotflit not j» is trne of alt the Smith . States,
'there prevails a most -wholesome state of public
opinion.on thii-suhjact. It,brings the pretended
owner itito'cuiiteinpt; qnd-it serures'the negro's
fair nqd ii>i]Virtiai trial; Theti wifere is the peies *
Vty 'of itn posing’be terms-offered by t'lis-sonialfed
Compromise ? We are 'pdd very candidly, by
Mr, Clay, the chairman, in hfo rojmrf, lbat.it 1* all
done, {‘/a deference ~of; the Mis ps 'aid prejudices
which prevail in the noa^siaieholdorg Stales *’•; Klosf
‘we, at every Ktep wo take, doffatjr hats ami triake
au obsequious' how to Uie.aiitrit of Northern. ,ag,
gressioa I 1-. ‘T-w. •»■»-'
But waiving these consideration*, t reriljr bfc-
: : *vo that this or any other' mode iff recap?orri,
) Congress mighrdevise, will be a. dead let-
Public sentiment and .feeling at the North
But Ibis proposition is wnrso, man 1 umc laun. N01 , ... .
to tho South. Texas was annexed to the United ; view :if securing the acquiesce ol Ineooutn in tne
Slates, under Jesotolions, solemnly recognising admis-ion of Csliforufo- Bnt this,desideratum
the Missanri.Compromise, by which itissti|>ulated ga ; n e.J. and in less than five years, it will he re-
tbat BQcb Slates n.** may be furmed Soolh ol 36ile". j pealed or sf» nrnuncled 8^ to transfer-tbe trijil by
30mil) , shall be udmiltft) into tbe Uuion. with or j ur y t from the State whence tho Blare may es-
wilbont slavery ns each State, asking admission, j CB( ,„ that of recnptore.Tlien it will boa mock-
mav ,h.-ire. Now upun what principle of jostn e , ury i, dried. Bead the following resolntion, unan-
can a sabseqnent Congress disturb and defeat (his j ; mn unly adoptni by the American BDd foreign an-
compact! Admitting their right, is it equitable. ti.Mairery Society, taken from the same report
is it consistent with good fail hand public honor? j f rom which I have already quoted:
If there boa necessity for snch a purchase, (which
I deny,) to quiet the question of boaudsrv and to
overt a conflict between the federal and State
authorities, does not good faith demsmL that no
disposition ofthe territory so purchased, should bo
made, hat what is compatible with the true spirit
and meaning of the resolutions of. annexationl
Doe* it not demand that .1 bo organised into a
seperata tofritory, withall ibo ngbts ^jnchiqg the
subject or slavery, positively and affirmatively
secured, which belong to it, under tho resolut.on,
ofannexation ! But theseoyerwhelmmg consid
erations of public moral
disregarded : . Texas, poor and in debt, is son c ht
to be bribed into the arrangement, at the price of
-mne *1 j 000 000'; and the patient, aggrieved am
some «i i-yoy «- * ihe mo rnt renn-
Resolved, Tbit it is onr solemn conviction, that it
will he a heinons sin in us, to lend oar aid in subject-
ineany of oorfellow-raento tho atrocities of Amer
ican slavery, and we do thereforebefore God, pledge
ourselves to each other, tiiat we will incur auy penal
ties which unprincipled politicians in Congress may
think it expedieotto impose upon ns, rather than be-
my * fugitive slave, or assist in bis capture-- — Pag*
10. ; . v- tv
With snch a declaration by that association, re
flect! .g truly, is it doe*, the antifolavery sentf-
ments of tho free States—knowing hew deeply
depraved i» the great mass of tlie Northern mind
nnon this subject, and their utter infidel ty to any
Compromise which even squints towards justice
to tiie South, I have no hope of any efficient le
gislation by Congress
strength
tVfiial confidence c-nu wu reposp iti tltocomproml-
•esof a-people, who. tolerate, the, pn'iiciplivlhnt
“thereis a. pow.et:' higher.-tlrah. tlte.cptftjtttit.io'n-I
in obedience to which, they aye bound to contend;-
foi universal ethnnrlpaiimi?. If. they will tot at
inuight:lhe |M"»rit'<t»ua,. win they lie'likely to hi '
n comprotnise 7 ' -No.-uo^ end. moat e«'pecinl!y
■itlie-a justhn'e trt tiieSoirth.';',' Whkt possible -
.dticeriient can 'ihe Smit frhave, to' vote lor a hilj; 1
which surrender* hi), and leaves the storm J'et
abroad; unabated in it* ringhr-!'
But I gofnrtlier—This turf is not only impotent
tq-reatot'uitstltjhliy au i repose to the o*>uutry.,h , it
ili’t should'become a hiw, Ivettlv believe jt, will
be tbe death Kiteff of- tfieTbilon./. It ty 'true, the
South may submit to it for the present,.. .Tliere
may be. u<t immediate-couvulsuin. leading to revn-
luliori or secession. Tlie' masses nt tficSoutjl love
the Uiiion; and while-evils are: iu the ttiisty Vlie-
tancfr. andilo not come home with-tangibto reality
to tlreir'hearthstone* ami iulerests, they ar* jlispro
oied tti pot off IhUVvil day. But let ' Mr: Clay's
biHTicco’tne a htw, nnd by its operation.all lhe ter
ritory of the United States appropriated to" free
soil: and vhe'chlld is flow born' wbo'.tvill seeAbe
dayv when tbe-Sonth must choose between■ disso
lution mid nbpUtfon iu tbe States.. Upon this apal-
trig proposition, l-present but a single fact. Ac-
cording to receiit estimacs, the territories of the -
United States, rintsideof tbe States, copfohi abbot
1.862,009 square mile*. Tbi* will make tliirly-
seven States of 50,000 square miles each. It may
never be divided into so many, but having the
majority in"Congress, theaboUlioDists will be quite
shre to make ns roany'new States out of the ter
ritories, a* wiH secure to them two-tbirda in both
houses of Congress. Thisjs already foreshadowed
by the amendmeut offered by Mr. Hale, of New
Hampshire, and adopted by t.he Senate providing
for the' future division of -California into several
States. Does any mao donbt that this will be the
result, if slavery is excluded ? How can hedoubt,
in view of the zeal and avowed-object of the nb-
olitioiiists? If they bad the power, does any
man doubt, tbat they would exercise it!. If the
constitution should present auy obstacle, would
they not amend it to suittbeh-owu policy and pur
poses? Here I leave this point., Let southern
men ponder it. If they love the South.—if. they
love tba Union, iet them dash from tbeir tonch
tbi* odious bill, as they, would a gqnnllid reptile;
for iu breath is deadly poison to both.
Tbe above paragraph explains’, the emphasis of
tbe remark in tba first part of this communication,
that the South ought to accept no compromise,
tchich does not secure. to her a portion of these terri
tories. andg*vefinality to ihe controversy. NotKiug
will effect this object which does not preserve the
equal strength of the South in the Senate of the
Uiiited States. Here is tho only hope for tbe
South. In the Representative brancb-pf Congress,
we are already overpowered. Tbe equilibrium
states. These are Arkansas, Tennessee, and North
-Carolina; which lie immediately adjacent to that line.
Do they not profitably employ, slave', labor? Farther
south are Texas, Louisisua, .Mississippi. Alabama,
Georgia and South Carolina. In all these states cot-
toh-constitutes the staple product of agriculture, and
in several of them rice ariiisDgaf aremott advantage-'
oasly cultivated. The southern parts of California and-
New Mexico,lie-in the same eastern and western belt
of latitude. Why.'then, will they not yield the Same
agrieultantl product*, and consequently afford profita-
bifrusmploynieut for slave laKirT, Sir, jjt.iaalUmistuke.
A large portion.of our Pac ific territories is suited -to
slavery; nihd I will Add. that po Rind of labor will, de-
velope so rapidly jts'iannftosc resources, and prepare
jtfo'tthq'a'liodeof euterprise'-and elevated civiliza
tion'.' -Let not-the'sooth lose sighs offjhose facts..Let
her not bo decoj’ed tromyigilaucC over her rights, or
charracHioto insensibility- tb legislative aggression,
by the siren song, that JhpBe territories ere not adap
ted to slavery•' ^ j.. r f -,’
■nie.se,■ geut!emeri..Bro joy .view? frankly ex-
prefsed, I bayej>t»t.n;fow more words to add. II
.Jibe true.as is »sserf*d,jtpat Mr. Clay’s. bill.“ts
the best tre vdh do." wlierefote is it? 'It is - because
the Sonth, united as one. nian. does, not inflexibly
nnd peremptorily'*demqnd mote. She is- divided.
jTbispugbt riot to be. y It i« a question otf which
bee pepTe'ahoiild'be a rinit.,' I liave always- life-'
'lieved, and believe still', ttiat (The South, by * union
anJ firmness has tho-powet' to dictate the terms
upon which this agitating contest shall be.settled.'
The Northis.uotypt prepared.' fordistuifon., Jler
inieresfs whp Id com pel her. it i]ie"-crisis should ar-
rive, to'a'wardtb' ris that justice whicbli^r 'patristic
ism withholds.' <, .—
This then, is the jangqnge whioh we Jmid to'
the North. . The-Southern - Slate* ore co equals
,wKh tlin Northern, in all lheir rer«lipu« to.the con
federacy,—and 'wliile, with fidelity and cheerful
ness they-beat iliitirprliportyiii t»f frit brifdens they
detnaml in eqrtnt participation-iq-ils benefits and
blessings:. .TliVsff-je'rriiorie*. .hre ;the. common.
; propetny.ofe.il tho. Stjites. »pd,iti -their appropria-.
Iftni and enjoyment,’weliisisitifoittbis co-equality
of Siates- shall.be recognised—that. tlie Soutb-
sliail not be excluded front.IhVm and the whole
monoplised by the'Niirtli. \Vo tell tbenv that
slavery existed befi ,re" jliedofriiiitihn of the con-
stittirioti ;-thai it fs sanctimied and shielded by
it a/id ibaMliey with ns, entered into the compact
- witha frill knowl -dge o(ita.existence. If is deep
ly writaght info Ibe very, finme-woik of our
political, civil aud sociiff organization ; Jtt'il • that j
et-nsritiitinn is'ihe cbirimon mbiter ofl
testing I _
question. Let the. ballot box speak. This will
rally (be virtue, patriotism nod intelligence of tho
masses it will illicit am}.’draw forth iuto nclivity,
that deep sealed aniil.profound veneration for tho
' Union, whfohjjn ail pklt emergencies, ItaS: proved
sufficient to save it' from overthrow and dismem
berment. It will doubtless blast the schemes of
presidential aspirants and political tricksters. It
will dispel the hope of many a poor drivelling
demagogue who is clinging to theif skirts; ready
to barter country, .for 'office. Rut these- effect*
wotildbe'tbe first fruits of'A glorious result and
the harbingers of,a brighter day for tho Republic.
Thisquestien can Wfeve^fre'.adjusted by politicians;
and especially i* the present Congress whollymn-
fit arid incompeteritno thetask. Let it, 1 reppat,-
be referred fo tho people. LelsHfotherri mem ber*
of Corigressact in concert with, ;bi* distinct view,
WhVdrio say what wifi be the efi'ect or such a test
ol public sentiment; when the proposition is pre
sented in ConhexiOri with’ the ’’fearful-alternatives
of its rejection ?. Lwould cling to this Union until
all-hope of justice “ is clean gone, forever’^ I
would:'appfcal-to the people of- tlio North by point-'
iogTio'tbe. heroic- and thrilling memories of tbe
past and The hriglit auticipations of the future—to
thd value and wisdom of oiir blood bought consti
tution and liberties-, titir common inheritance from:
a glorious ancestry/.-' By these, and every consid
eration llfat can move men to high end honorable
purpose, I would appeal to them for.justice to the
Sonth as the only tiiean*pf perpetuating tbe Union,-
Wifi the appeaj bein-vaiq! What friend of the
JJriibh will refuse to trust this great issue be/ote
that sovereign-.tribunal of last resort j '
Wby then ape -we djvided ! The explanation
is easy bnt 'atoiining.. Tho game for" the Presi
dency add its dependent fovors-is being played nt
Washington. The Vice Presidency. Cabinet ap
pointments, ^foreign ^Missouri, &c.; loom up in tho
future, and catcli *>'•• entrau -ru f.-.-e ..I n li.itnm*
politicians.* To securo these prizes, national party
organizations must be preserved at all hazards; and
for this purpose, political aspirants become very
expansive, verv catholic and very riational in their
pafritotnnti. This leads to great liberality and a
most holy horror at every appearance- of section-,
ril feeling. Under-the tnellowltig influence of
such ia temper and such sentiments, how easy it
is for.this ctaks of-politicians, to view with favor
any hill; short of open'surretider, which will save
tKe iOfegrity of-their respective parties, and thus
enhance their prospects for Official honor*. They
commit'themselves, and tbeir friends at. home es
pouse their catise. Hence our divisions. They
are widening and deepening^ and I foar they will
utterly parrilize the energies of tbe south arid make
her an easy prey to aggression. So long as onr
respective national party organizations^ serve to
sustain the.coristiltition and a right .administration
oF'the-governmeriif so Ipngas they servo to pro
tect the SonlS from insnlt and injustice, 1 hey are
vi-eD^-we sbouid bail our Nortlierd brethren o*
allifs,in such Organization*. But-w-lieu they fail
in these ends.-nnd aye valuable only as they pro
mote the elevation of this or fh'nt man to the Pre
sidency and his minions to its subordinate honors;
I say let them be desnlved. tel us without dis
tinction plant ourselves upon the platform of the
M issouri Compromise, and resolve tohold no com-
milrlion or fellowship with nriy man or party north
of Mason & Dixon’* line, wltq shall refuse to como
up to it; and then the reaction St the North
wilTbe eqoalled ouiy by the signal triumph of the
South ' ***.*-■-
I am, most respectfiiily^ .
Your friend arid fetlow-cifizen.
H ESC H E L V. JOHNSON.
Messrs. Larkin Griffiiil, -Johu J. Jones; R. A. L.
Atkinson. A. H ; .CMqu.itt, J. M. Green, and
Samuel J, Hay. -ftlaeou, • G«-
- .. CliflUGU W. JORDAN;
A TTQH-NEY AT LAW, Hxtvjiiasvitir.. Ga.—
A. Practices in ttje' ieverai counties oftheSoothero;
Washiagton.ol the Middle, Wilkinson of the Ocmal-
gee, Houston of the Flint, end Dooly, Somter, Lee
and Baker of the Southwestern Circuits. Business
entrusted to his care will meet vfith prdxnpf atten
tion. C?*Oflice «tHuyktnsvlUe.. ,.
sept 18 ; ■ ' V . , ?y
A. & JeCOCIIBAS,
in't'lifo convention south ofthatline. except those cast ['"."rtgntcd Sonth is insulted by the insolent req
sosinst a state government. The representatives ; i, er p «rt of the purchase money, to
south of it.’* •: r-\ ' '*
or tbe fearful scenesof disunion. Our system ot
overnment cannot exist without it. 1 know that
• - —* * r po];.
e o
while that' es-ttstilnlion .
onr right* end each section- demands rigidly H
recoghitian of its own InterpiV.talion jifthepowers
of Congress overlhe territories, we. have concess
ions to make. Wo stand "niton" the imoriitable
prhiciples ol troth and justice nudjdare. vindicate
them at the price of'life fur tune nnd snertd. Imit*
nr.’’. • But seeing that a pertinacious adherence to
these antagonistic positions of the North and South,
may lead to conflict, ami dismemberment, we'look
around h> find sotne common groaud of compio-
miseon which botb'ean -‘aland Consistently with
their honor aud Momethiug.likejnstice to ourselves
The bistoi-y of the past furnishes iis with the
“Missouri Comprdmise.” It grew ciut.of precise
ly the same contest. It was acquiesced in reluc
tantly by tho South. It ha# stood _ for-thirty
years; nnd it may now almost he ssid to be a
patt Of our constitution, Totbia-platform, elect
ed and consecrated by the wisdom arid patriot
ism of onr forefathers, we invite the North. There
let us meet and shake bands as brothers. It can
not be humiliating to the North, it first originated
with her; it ia more than just, siuce it secures to
her two-tbirda of all tho territory, in question-
This then is ihe proposition which the South now dis
tinctly tenders. Let herunile iu offering it as her
sineqva non—her ultimatum. .'
But His said, the Mjssouri compromise is out of
ihe questiou—tbat the' North never will agree to
'it. How is this kuown ? Who is anthonzed to
make the canouncetnent t The inference is dedu-
ced-from the action of Congress it nnd the tone ol
ambitious politicans. and I admit that the infer
ence is legitimate.and may.be trne.Bnt the masse*
of the North have not yet been appealed to. The
Missonri/compromise has never been presented-
to them as the only adjustment which the Sonth
wifi accept. No man perhaps takesa more gloomy
view thanT do, ofthe otter aud general depriva
tion of the Northern mind, in relation to slavery.
In another porttdb of this communication, I have
sketched, the picture in colors dark. But Ido not
intend thereby to include every man of the nnn-
slaveholdirig States, ns utterly hostile to the South,
and deaf to the voice of patriotism and justice.
I do not intend to ignore the fact, that, in times
part, there havo been many, and-tjiat there are
ev--n yet a few, who are willing to abide the com
promises of the constitution. They have my beai-
ly than’ts. arid l sympathise deeply with them
A TTGRNEYS AT LAW—Inwi-VTOV. GgoRou.
J\. Having associnted-theraselyes in the practice ot
the Law, will prentice in the coaoties af WilKinson,
Baldwin^. Washington'and Bibb, and in all the cOnn-
. *-># R." COCHRAN;
ties oftlie-Soothapn Circuit.
-a. c. CDCHRANj "
'feh 26 ' ’
. '■ a*. ' - K. SA.X-AHE, , V ..
A TTOttNBY AT r AW-Tali.aHasM;*. Fpa—
f\. will attend to any business eutrasted to hiscuro
in the cOuDties of Middle Florida, or adjoining comi
ties in Georgia. Heft petniitt'ed to reler tq the fol ;
lowing ge'ntiemen in Georgia: ■ r ,v
His Eircellency Gov. Towns, Milledgeville. Jr
Ho». H.'V. Johnson, Milledgeville.*. ...
11. A. L: Atkinson and Satn’l3-Ray, Esqs.Macon,
apl 16 - ■ ' ' ■ ’ ■ =«
JAMES. ?Y. TVilBH, - ' ,
A TTOBNEY AT LAW Sc GENERAL LANli
A. AGENT—Austin. Texas—Will attend to tbe
collection of Foreign debt* it* Texas. InyqstigatioU
of land titles, obtaining patents.’payment of Taxes;
and every thing pertainingtba General Agency.
RefertoDr.Thos.H,.LamiK.-H 0 “- A H. Chappell,
and Henry.I. Laraar. Esq., of Macon, .Ga., Dr. H. P-
Saead. Talbotton. Go.; R. R. Howard, Esq., Coiam
bus, Ga., grid Francis D. Clayton, Esq., Sparta, Gs-
V rio*27 y ' ■ > 15
Notice.'-
T HE undersigned have associated tiicmsckes t'i
the Practice of Law, adder tfcc firm of GRESH
AM" Sc JONES, and will attend promptly, to all pro
fessional bnsineskentrusted to them. Office on Mol-
berry street, one door above George Jones crockery
store. - JOHN J-GBLSHAM.
jan 29 24 JOHN J- JONES’.
they iai! or.
- by ozet befoft
tb a ruthless eoytho of
r ” »' '"irr-
Law IVoticc,
J AMES J. SCARBOROUGH annonnees to bik
old friends and the pablif. tbat be retnrns to the
practice of the Law. and will attend the Superior
Courts of Bibb. Twiggs, Houston. Pulaski, Dooly.
Sumter. Lee. Baker. Thomas am- Vpcatav. Office at
presentat Jeffersonville. Twiggs couiiin. but nlUr
No-ember next will be at; Ms
feb 19 S7
J. J. -tCARBOROUGH.
Slew' Partnersliip.
rerESSRS. WOOD * BRADLEY, having asso-
:?| Ciated with them Mr. GnrsviLt.S W oot>. in the
Cabinet. Furniture andCIiairbasinoSS tne same wi.l
be hereafter be conducted undcr the name ami stvle
of WOOD, BRADLEY Sc CO., and solicit for tho
new concern a coatinnauce ofthe patronage so liber
ally extended tothe late firm.
THOMAS WOOD.
SLX3AH A. BRAjjlsEY
’ir GRENVTLt-T W<KC'