Newspaper Page Text
<II)c Georgia iEclcgrapI).
BY KAY A IlOSS.
CITY, COUNTY AND STATS PSINTBSS.
HACON.
TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 4.
CP* SEE OUTSIDE PAGES.
UlO paperstrictly in advance.42 £0
(FROM THE CHARLESTON JtZKCUHV.(
The “ RIcCcllllC 11’oinid*” »«ill 0]>rn>
The ‘■Illcciliiiit Wound* ” slill Oppn.
We ask the readers attention to the article, un-
er this caption, conied on our first column in- ' Abolitionist, to onforco the Fugitive Slave Law
The TZessage.
When we published the Proclamation of the
President last week, we said it would amount to
very little practically, beyond the material it
wuulJ furnish the Compromise Press of the South,
for indulging in vapory eulogiuras Upon the dis
position, tardily manifested, of an Erie County
side, in this days paper, from the Charleston Mer-
rnrv. on the debato in tho Senate. This article
that tho" groat mass of the :• t'llic were satisfied with ' such superficial apologists of this scandalous j af-
that .ettlemsnt and would heartily defend it. And . . Mr. Clay, as cold as a wedge.
yet as often as ho pronounce! the question act- ‘
settled, sni»~ great popular outburst declares it more
unsettled than eve
solemn league and
Ho has even entered into a
irenant with a great shoal of
political worthies, who hive mutually sworn to main
tain. through thick ami thin, that the wounds are all
healed, and to oppose, denounce and ostracise all
persons who shall express a doubt, and even this for-
midable precaution Ins been mocked and contemned,
and the crest boiling flood of sectional hate baa gone
sweeping on without evenreroanising it as an obsta
cle. In the midst of this elemental war.itU still
interesting to watch the brave an l indomitable Clay,
mounted on hia imperial stump, clamorim; furiously
for pearu and quietness, and threatening like Eerxes
to cast fetters and inflict ignominious stripes on the
disorderly sea that defies his edicts. .
■Something ofthis app-r red in the Senate last week.
Tho news ef tho mob at Uoston. and the rescue ofa
fngitWo, from tho officers, in the Court House, prodn
re | a groat ferment in Washington. On Monday Mr.
Clay introduced a resolution calling on the President
for Information as to the facta of the outrage, tho mea
sures adopted by the Executive, and any suggestions
as to additional legislation necessary to givo efficient
operation to the Inws. Tho resolution esme op for
consideration on Tuesday. In hia remarka, among
other things. Mr, Clay pathetically said:
"Sir: l say I liaro been shocked, and inexpressibly
distressed by the occurrence which has taken place.
I had hoped when I first saw the account that it wai
Slot true; iadeed.it was suggested to me that it was
a forgery; lest 1 learned afterwards that it was true,
from a source too high and respectable to permit me
longer to enLertnin a doubt—from a high officer of tho
Oavernmen':. who received the facts from h>» <*wrrs-
pnn-leoeo with the City of Heston, confirming the
truth of the intelligence I had hoard.”
If Mr. Clay lmj attended 'o other evidences besides
his owjfimperious self-will and jealous self-love, he
would have saved himself the crouhle of being “shock
ed and inexpressibly distressed;” lie would have re
ceived the occurrence aa one of the common place
and necessary consequences of that condition of Nor
thern srutiqient.which he has himself very largely
contributed'!.; produce. We in South Carolina, who
are far from the scene of action, but who have studi
ed it with open eyes and without a motive to disturb
the honest conclusions of common sense—we knew'
perfectly well that such result* would follow. We
had all this history in oor mind* months ago, jostas
clearly written aa it is now.
Mr. Clay cannot appreciate event*, even after they
liavo happened. With all the material* ofa joit
judgment before him. he still misjudges. He says:
••Wbat are some of the distinctive features of tjiat
occurrence! It is not simply that the law hat been
impeded in its execution, that the officers of justice
havc;bcen insulted Jc outraged; it is not alone that all
this has occurred in the aanctnary of jnatice, bet the
officers standing at the post where justice should be
administered have been insnltcd, threatened, beaten
down, and the prisoner <n their custody seized and
carried away with exaltation and trinmph, from the
midst of a population of the UnitedStatca of130,000 or
lao.ooo.”
What is this but confessing that the mob, which
was very small in numbers, was the mere executor of
the will of the city! Yet ho proceeds to aay:
“Bat, sir, this is not all. By whom waa that mob
impelled onward! By our own race! No, air, but by
negroes; by African descendants; by people who pos
sess no part, aa 1 contend, in oar political system;
and the question which arilea is, whether we shall
have law. s.nd whether the majesty of the Govern
ment shall be maintained or not; whether we shall
have a Government of white men or black men in
the cities of tbit country."
So Mr. Clay will have it that n poor, helpless shiv-
oring remnant of a down trodden raco. who have ov
er at their peril thrust their heads forth from the
wretched comers to which Northern philanthropy hss
consigned them, have suddenly broke out into defi
ance and rebellion, and arc in aome danger of seizing
the functions of Government, in a population of which
they constitute not a fiftieth part iu number# and not
a thousandth part in power. It la even disputed
whether tho rioters were negroea at all. A Wash
ington correspondent or a leading Vreesoil paper.
Iwastingly compare* the rescue to tho destruction rf
the Tea before the revolution, by a baud of men pain
ted as Indiana, and adds:
I have heard it tnnra than onre intimated in the
more undy ing hate tliau any whicli.the chronicler
baa yet recorded, or which perhaps will over form
e portion of our country’s annul*. The thirty-
first Congress bat passed fewer acta than auy
other session ever held, but it bas done more mis
chief than every Congress held since the organ!-
zatinn of the Government put together. It baa
confiscated tbo rights of oue section of the Union,
in a territory as large a* the area of the old thir
teen, and transferred it to another, thereby de
stroying the equality of our system, and sowing
tbo seeds of a sectional hostility which it will be
impossible to elluy iu the Union. It bas done
Ibis under the false pretence of compromise aod
coneiliuliou; and already, in lest tbau seven
months after the deed was done, that part of the
Compromise, by which a portion of the Sontb
were dupeJ into an abandonment or overy other
right has been nullified and disregarded. It has
appropriated millions of money, and more than
two huudred millions worth of the public lands
lor sectional purposes. Hitherto, despotism has
"I nave ucaru 11 inora iuoa unce umiitaicn in mo . , , , > D . ••
House to day. that the dark complexion, ofsome who been regarded by us good easy Republicans,a. the
assisted in the late rescue were bleached shortly af- j concentration of nil power iu one man, nr in n few
,e A^.*U d ^^r5,Sff™»nd contriver. of the pnvil.g.d individuals. But the majority in Con-
outrace were white men. and the support that cna- | gress have lately discovered or mveuted a new
bled them to accomplish it, and will enable them to j species of despotism. They have fouud out that
repeat it. was the favorite acquiescence of the great I # . eclion# , miljorUy iu ll|al Uody „„ j IIlt „ ei8 ;| y
‘'la Southern Civilization Worth Pre
serving.”
We commence to day the publication of un able
article which appeared iu the last number ol the
Southern Quarterly Review, under the caption
which bends tills paragraph. Tbo writer lias ably
aud forcibly exposed tho fraud to tho South, of
the late measures of adjustment, adopted by Cou-
Since then we have received the special Message
of tho President to the United States Senate
upon the subject of the late outrage in Boston,
which will be fouud in another column, and its
examination docs uot weaken our belief in the
donbt we then expressed, of the President’s sin
cerity in exeentiog the Fugitive Slave Law.
Tbsre is much of wire working, secret move
ments and plans in Ibis flourish of the President
about enforcing the ii ws, which remains hidden,
while a little speck afloat, here and there, gives
uuerriug indications of the intentions of the
tricksters. The Charleston Mercury in its com
ments upon this document, points out these lean
ings so truthfully and graphically that we adopt
them in preference to any remarks of oar own
grets misnamed n Compromise. He has also
ably handled tbo dosliuy ol California, and shows Tho President, it will be observed, remarks that
almost to a demonstration, that both from its pro
ductions and its climate it it especially adapted to
oor system of slavery, and that if tho South had
had a fair cbanco of colonizing tlm country, it
would certainly have become a slave State.
Hit arguments, against tbe shallow assump
tions of tbo Compromisers, one and all, are
thorough and conclusive. Tbe article will be
concluded in'our next, and we commend it to
every true man, as a triumphant answer to the
sophistries of those dangerous enemies to tbe
South, fostered in her own bosom, who, after bo-
truying her in tbe Councils of the nation, come
burac, and oso ell their iullaence to rnnko tho
paopto betray thcmselvea.
'. Dry Goods,
• Our enterprising friends, Messrs. Logan & At
kinson and Messrs. Bostick, Johns & Co., an
noimco the opening of their large aud splendid
stock of spring goods. Seo cords in our adver
tising columns this morning. It it almost useless
to hint'to our fair renders, that these houses so
much frequented by them, are especially attrac
tive at litis time.
ty IVe would direct the readers attention to
the card of Messrs. Perry & Junes, iu our advet-
rising column* this morning.
Ceiigrcss.
This day the term of llto thirty-first Congress
expires. This day completes a period iu Ameri- _ ...
cat. history that will be remembered to be cursed, U * M '•««• •" «*•» way of h.s using the
by every lover of Republican institution, with | and naT * ,h _° f " B,l “ r constabulary and
paper, assumes, ns an undoubted thing, that tbe
Coustitntiou, iu making him Conimauder-in-Chief
of the Army and Navy, bas given to him tbe right
of employing these forces at bis pleasure, iu all
cases that call for, or may be thought to call fur,
tbo addition of any sort of summary force to the
civil power, and that be it tbe sole judge of tbo
necessity ol the case. Ha claims, in fact, aa ab
solute a discretion in tile use of the military
power, as was ever claimed by n kiug of France.
Add to Ibis an established doctriuo of the party
now in powor, that a State against the Federal
authority, is no mure entitled to consideration'
and stands on no more respectable ground, than
a mob at a Court Ilonso, and we must see, in this
assumption of tbe President, nothing less than a
claim of right to wage a civil war, and to turn j
the whole laud aud naval forces of the Govern
ment, upon a State, without tbo intervention of
ou act of Cougrcss, or even the formality of a
message to the Senate. At what stage of repub
licanism have wo then arrived, when tho Presi-
dent puts forth such protons ions, and the oldest
member of tbe Seualo second* aud applauds
them!
But Mr. Fillmore is troubled by an act of Con
gress, which confers upon the President, with cau
tious and reservations, a portion of tho power
which he assumes to belong to the Executive by
the Constitution, and be modestly ntks for tbe
passage of an explanatory law which will remove
repeat ...
body of tho population. The Philadelphia Bulletin in
commenting on the matter, says with indisputable constitute a pure despotism under the forms of
l Tsthi ■
'It Unifies* to aav that this rescue was effected
by surprising the ofiieers. Sufficient evidence has
appeared already to prove thnt the state and city au-
thoritisswero altogether indifferent, and thnt the
real cause why this outrage was committed with im
punity. waa tho perverted state of public sentiment
Mayor Bigelow and Marshal Tnfccy alike avoided
aidiug the U. 8. Marshal, each being secretly afraid
of the popular indignation if he assisted the federal
officer. Gild tho matter aa yon will, this ia its real
condition. A vitiated public opinion, which refuses
to acknowledge any binding moral force in tho fugi
tive law. has,‘in this instance, founds practical ex
pression, negative indeod. but nevertheless effica
cious. Citixens and police officers have stood aloof,
virtually telling tho colored people to reseoe the pris
oner. ir they conld. Even the federal Marshal, by
aomo strange mishap, waa nut of the way, aa if seek
ing to escape the responsibility ol Ids sitnation.”
Mr. Clay's resolution and remarks brought on a de
bate. Mr. DavisofMassai'hnseitipnavcd aenlogium
on the orderly and law-loving character of hia ronttit
uents. Bat he hinted apparently that “Mntnal In
surance Association’ were retpoBtible for this riot.
The following scrap of the debate will explain what
wc mean.
“Mr. Davla ofMassacliuielta. I most be permit
ted to say. while speaking upon this subject, that I
think all attempt* to aoppreta the expression of pub-
liooplninn. to suppress freedom of debate aud free
dom of thought, is unwise.
••Mr, Clay. Freedom of debate npon what subject!
Upon what subject? Open, impudent violation of the
laws of vour country !
"Mr. Davis, of Massarhosstu. The senator from
Kentucky does not understand me. I spoke simply
of discussion upon the general merits and character
of this law.
"Mr. Clay. Well sir, who has been opposing any
discussion upon the geueral merits and character of
this law!
"Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts: Ifthe senator will
allow me. Mr. President. I with to say that I had no
reference to tho senator from Kentucky stall; bat I
think it is a fact quite notorious that thepe has been
great opposition outside of thia senate.
But wo are not particularly interested in tbit ques
tion olhow far tho "Mutuals” have interfered with
tbe right of the Freesoilera tolif.op their sweet roi-
ee*. The other part of tbo delence of Massachusetts
is worth a moment’s consideration. Mr. Davis rests
upon the n«> ortion tbst his constituents are aa order
ly und law-abiding community, as if that, at least.was
unquestionable. They have joat made an infamous
riot, and the defence setup, ia that they are a remark
ably orderly people. They have violently obstruct-
«1 the operation of a law locaring right* of property
of the most important character, and we are told in
extenuation, that they are a law abiding people. But
Mr. Davis explained that the people of Mnsiachnictta
did net like tlris law for the recovery of fugitives, and
this forms a perfect aolation of the difficulty. They
are orderly when they have no temptation lo disorder
and thry abide by those laws which they like. No
people can exceed them in zealoos devotion, for in-
stance, to a tariff law, which increases the profits of
their manufacturers SO percent. By inch a law they
will abide with a peraistWe adhesiveness nnt often
seen in human affairs. They gathered, too. with
faithful **»I around the "Force Bill,” which waa in
tended to wreak revenge npon a state that had hin
dered the'qolet harvesting of the aforesaid profits.
To tbit extent there is no question Massachusetts it a
law abiding Commonwealth.
tint If we go beyond that range which we have in
dieattd by an illustration or two, the assertion that-
this people are devoted to law and order will bo found
to need serious qualification. It is not many years
since a mitt; cnthcred in the suburbs of Boston, and
iiithcdeadofvii.tcr.nt deader night, proceeded to
attack a convent filled with helpless women and chil
dren. They broke open and ravaged the building,
drovo oat the innocent inmates to wander shelterless
over tho frozen ground, and bnrned their home. All
this they did without the smallest eilortofthc author-
i*i,"< oi Boston to st ny so an inhnman an outrage. Tba
law, in tlti* country, at tho Emporor of Russia or
the sublime Porto at Coustuutinuple, who are not
restrained by laws at all. We defy tbe produc.
lion ol a single passage "in history,’where King or
Parliament ever exercised a power more unlimi
ted, despotic or oppressive, than that claimed by
the interpretation* and acta of the majority, in
body goards of the Executive and bis satellites!
Thus tbe Boston riot is to he used, as all North
ern outrages are, as the occasion and pretext fur
arming the General Government, and especially
the Executive, with increased means of assailing
tbe South. For it is against the South, and it
alone, that these weapons will ever be seriously
used. The Boston liot is a god sand to the party
in power, aud they show they appreciate it. It
is said that when Fiesch’s infernal maebiuo ex
ploded, covering tho gruniul around Louis Fbil-
ippe with dead and wounded, before tbe smoko
bad well cleared away, the King clapped bis
hand* and exclaimed briskly : “ Well, now at last
tbe Cbambcra will vote me my appanages, and
the dotations of the hoys!" IVe imagine Messrs.
Fillmore and Clay exclaiming joyously, •• Thanks atituliuu, under the circumstances of baste and ap.
to this Boston riot, wo shall now get tho power ■ parent fraud winch marked that transaction, ami
to make war on South Carolina.” J he will say ‘‘no. but I acquiesce for the sake of
peace and the Usion !’* Ask him if bo was in favor
ofeuttiog offnlaFge part of Texa:, a slaveholdinj
Tit-tors. luge aud Sianlj’.
In reference to tbe difficulty between tbe Hon:
S. W. luge of Alabama, and the Hon. Edward
Stanly of N. C., which grew out of the debate iu
the House upon the River and Harbor Bill, the
Washington papers of Wednesday last, state that
these gentlemen taet each other on Monday pro.
vionsly. aLd, “after an exchango of shots between
the parties, the friends of Mr. Stanly advanced lo
the opposite party, aud expressed a desire that
the'matter should be terminated, and, in order to
nrrivo at an amicable settlement, stated that tho
remarks made by Mr. Stanly in reference to Mr.
logo tvero made by Mr. Stanly in reply to wbat
ho considered a gross personality on the part of
Mr. Inge in bis first remarks. And as the friends
of Mr. Inge stated those remarks to havo been
political, and. as such, should not have a personal
bearing, Mr. Stanly withdrew h:s remarks. And
tbe abovo having been submitted to the princi
pal*. and by them accepted, the difficulty between
them was announced as honorably aud amicably
settled."
Gov. Brown of Mississippi, acted as tho friend
of Mr. Inge and tho Hon. William H. Ashe of N.
C.. ns the friond of Mr. Stanly.
From the Washington Correspondent of the
Baltimore Argos, we take the following sketch or
tho debate iu the House betweeu these gentle
men, out of which this difliculty originated.
“During the discussion upon the River and Har
bor bill, Mr. luge, of Alabama, took occasiuu to
propose a fro forma amendment, as a peg vvbere-
un to baug a speech, showing up little Stanley.
This, of course, called forth a retort from Slnuly,
who hat a penchant for such Congressional amuse
ments, aud the fulluwiug delectable sceae follow
ed :
Mr. Stanly I donot believe the gentleman wants
tbe appropriation ho asks; hut lie bas ufierod the
amendment that he may make au unprovukek fling
at mo. j
Mr. luge—I merely stated facts and drew infer’
otices.
Mr. Stanly—The gentleman said the “spoilia-
tiou of the Sooth"' would take place befuro he
would hear n warning from me. The gentleman
shows he bas little sense and less charity when he
charges me with being unfriendly to tbo South.
Mr. Inge—What did tbe geutleman aay!—Will
ho repeal the remark!
Mr. Stanly—I say you I.avo little sense and less
charity iu chargiug me with unfriendliness to the
South.
Mr. Inge—I say the remark is ungcntlemany and
unjust, aud comes from a blackguard.
“Order, Order!" rung through the hall, aud not
n little commotion was produced—even “Sleepy
Hollow” wakening up!
Mr. Stanly—Mr. Chairman,ho charger mo with
being a blackguard. He bas just shown to the
House and tbe country that be it one.
Thu disorder was now about to gain its climax,
when the Chairman interposed, aud “rap, rap!"
“bang-, hang!" went his hammer.
The Chairman—Persoualites are not ill order.
Mr. Stanly—No! personalities are not in order.
I am willing to let our conduct he judged of by tho
public, and let them estimate his character aud
mine. The gentleman cast the- first atone; he will
mike the most of what I have said-1 shall hereafter
treat remarka from that quarter with tbo contempt
they deserve.' 1 •
Tbe Constitutional Union Party.
Before joining that party let southern men see
what members of that parly have to submit to.
Ask ono or them if be is in favor of excluding
the slaveholder from tbe new territories and bo
will say, “no, but I acjuiesce for tho sake of (mace
aud tho Union .'* Ask him if bo was in favor of tbo
admission of California with her anti-slavery con-
'JTUealrical Criticisms.
The following is part of a Dramatic Bulletin,
which, it is said, appeared in a Dublin newspaper
on the first appearance of the celebrated Mrs.
Siddons in that city. With tho exception of the
first it did, with no accelerated ratio of j
Slave
from the accumulation of property. H ’,_ I _ ncre « , o
[from the southern quarterly review.]
Is Southern Civilization Worth Pre
serving.
(continued from first )
ern States in their sovereign capacity endorsed the
assertion; the Wilmot Proviso was devised and ^
apory and lofty panegyrics w hich appear in the pre3Se d to prevent Southern emigration to tbo new ! taVrf increaii;i'^ratio, uulil the nwner'ivouid c
territory und the whole weignt of Northern preju- I tooigin person, and occupy himself with thoA^
dice, seutimeut and influence, was brought to bear ! rectum of his laborers. No limit can be assign 0 !;
upon the point. It is worthy ofa pas-ing remark, ; , Q t [,j s process, short of tho entire occupation r
that to gain these territories, tho Southern States || )e golden area and the exhaustion of ihep!;i ce °^
Tho number employed have been assumed for jj -
New York papers, oil the advent of some strolling
musical or theatrical star, we never meet with any
critique nowadays in which the “ agony ’’ is
piled up to so dizzy a height:
When she came to tho scene of parting with her
wedding ring, ah ! what a sight was there ! The ...
very tiddlers in the orchestra.albeit unused to the | peases of acquisition.
1.! 1 LI..LI J i:i L.. _ ! While these fl?ltUlll
ed in tho purchase of oslave, and iheirjoitu | a h
would reduce the time for n like accumulation ,
ono- half, til at is to fifty days. Succeeding
chases would yet more reduce the time, in *c
reusing ratio, uulil tho owner would cea"
n person, and occupy himself with the
furnished two thirds of the men, and by the opper-
ation of tho financial system of the General Gov
ernment, will havo to pay three-fourths ol the ex-
Tbe Ilostou Riot.
The Abolition cabal which rules the Govern
ment at Washington, are in great terpidatieu at
present, lest they will lie forced to show their
bands in relation to tbe Fugitive Slave Law. But
the discussion in tbe Senate ou the lato Mob in
Boston, bas led to nothing, anil probably witl not,
at presout. and if theta trickster* can have things
go ou in this way, aud mask their real views, by
firing paper bnllots aod issuing Proclamations,
ibis Bostou riot will be a god send to the Aboli-
rionists; for it will bnvo established the supreme
cy of the *• higher law,” while Southern Compro
misers by their fulsome eulogiumt upon the con
duct of the President, are outstripping the ene
mies of Slavery, in Ihoir own work, by furnish
ing pretexts and palliatives for new outrages
the Congress which closes to day. Hereafter, j ,g B j Ui i ,| 10 | aw> j u the Northern States. Ol course
this country will bo governed only by the forms j we do not fora moment charge such sinister do
or a written compact. The Constitution will he npon a || ,(,„„„ w bo have insisted that the
what a sectional majority choose lo make it. And j Northern Stales wonld carry out tbia luw in good
it will become just wbat it suits that majority ; fultb, but we ask in all candor, is not the course
that it should bit.
of such as declare now, that tbe law will bo eu*
It was hoped by tbo founders of this Govern- i f or ced,afler what has taken place in Massaclm-
ment, that they had obviated tha evils of other j an j other States, susceptible of such au in-
systerns, by clearly defining the power* of every
department of oars in a written Constitution.
But there i« little remaining of that, but its forms.
And in the present condition nnd prospects of tbe
country, unless n remedy is speedily devised, it
will be impossible to preserve, for many years,
what is left -front the encroachment* of a majority,
which, like the robber, makes might, aud not
right tho iuvarinblo guide of its conduct.
eit.v therefore riitiuivrii at it. The Legislature was
appealed to. to umke reparation for the destruction of
property, and they refused, and have refuted to tbit
«lay. Hero i< n law and-order community for yon!
Bat 8enntor Davis wonld answer, (bat at that time
the people of Massachusetts ui.l u : l.hi- the Cat hi».
and moreover that nt all times they havo had a tcri-
ona repugnance to paving for lost property.
During the Mexican war, the President tuado a
eaUonMasisehosetts ‘or a regiment of volunteers,
lliittlist state did r.otliko the war. Tho Governor
•Bowed It to hr- nr.dciMood that he desired the rail to
beoonteaaot n 1 y treated. A few patriotic citizen*
per mod the whole labor of ratline the regiment, a-
ttaiost the power* of nil tho authorities. The Legis
lature refused to appropriate a dollar to elnthe and
feed there-"Mieni while in tho state, nnd the funds
for this purpns# were supplied by n private ritizen!
Wo might recall hero n long train of public meet
ings and diononstrntior.s to shield fagivc slaves from
th- rvcliiinntinn Or 11:td: r wr.-tv, at i1 .h
SI Prealdaiil of ti e United States. JohnQ. A '
Ad vert lasing.
There it much truth very well expressed in tbe
following remark* of the New Orleaua Delta:
“ Aa education it the cheap defence of notions, so
■a advertising the cheap agent of custom anil profit
to men In all kinds of business. It is a moving
signpost, possessing tbo rare power of ubiquity.
If o man pays for emblazoning his name over his
door—oue out of every hundred who pass by, may
chance to recognise it; but if tbe same man place
hi* name, and briefly state bis business in tbe
columns of a populur newspaper, it goes abont
exhibiting both to thousands daily, informing tbe
reader who mny be interested in the information,
of the very tiling which he was desirous to know.
He did trot care, of coarse, to be told that John
Smiih resided in any particular number of any
particular street, lint when Jobu’s residence was
coupled with clump clothing, cheap miliuery,
cheap hardware, cheap furniture, cheap any thing,
it then became a matter of importance—n princi
ple uf economy w th him, to mako Jobu’s acquain
tance. ^ :
It is tbns annul men attract liberal custom to
themselves, and really confer a benefit on the
public, by advertiuing; while others atsnmehigh
rents, fit out splendid stores, pay largo salaries to
clerks,and do oveiything to secure a prosperous
business, but the one tiling needful—advertising.
This they fail to dc and ltenco they do not secure a
fair share of business. To the habitual advertiser
wo havo no advice to offer. He understands tho
benefits thalaccra s from it.snd will bo sure to avail
himself of tho system. But now, when oor city
is crowded with strangers, who are baying every
thing, and buying whero they think they can get
what they want cheapest anil best, let not our
merchants, tradeni, or retailers, bido their • light
under u bushel ’—let them hang ont their sign in
the newspapers that are most generally reed, and
their increased bn lines*, and the profits of a few
months, will point oat to them tho policy of their
trrprelalion by tbe North, ns to iuduco the belief
there.that a large portion of the Southern peoplo
care very little about its execution nt all!
We notice in our Boston exclinuges of the 20J
ult., that a sort afijnati trial oftboso wbo aided or '
abetted tbe escape of the slave Sbadrick bad com- |
tnenced. Th* decision in the case of Elizur ^
Wright, one of the editors uf tiro Boston Com- j
monwealth newspaper, whose trial had occupied
two days, was contained in one of these papers-
He has been ordered to recognize in the sum o p
$3000 with surety, for bis appearance at tbe Dis.
trict Court of the United States next, to lie liolden
in Boston tbo third Tuetday of March. Air.
Sewall moved for a reduction of tbo bail to $1000
or $1500.
Tbe Commissioner remarked that if the pris
oner was notable to givehail in the sum of $3000,
he would be glad to entertain the motion. Mr.
Sewall said that ho had no donbt that be could
give $50,000. bat that if $1000 was sufficient to
bold Gen. Quiimnn, wbo ia under arrest for trea
son,he thought 1000or $1500 sufficient to bold Mr.
Wright. Mr. Hallet said he was not at all dis
posed to have the bail excessive in this matter,
and therefore in consideration of tbo representa
tion of tho conutelbe should tlx the bail at $2000.
Mr. Sewall then became surety for Air. Wright.
With good Bostou jnries, wo have no duubt
these proceedings will cuuio to n conclusion os
satisfactory to the President and bis Premier, as
was tbe conduct of tbe Government Officials in
that city in tbe Crafts case.
State, to add it to freesoii territory, and be will
say “no, but I acquiesce for the sake of peace and
the Union!” Ask him if he was in favor of abolish
ing tho slavo trade iu tbo District of Columbia,
(common property of all the States,) and be will
say “no, but I acqiusce for the sako of peace and
tbe Union !’’ .
Ask him if be likes the anti slavery sentiments
of Messrs. Clay, OaJs. Webster Fillmore and other
leading compromise man, and he will n i_v “uo, blit
I believe they ate great patriots any how. alid I
gn with them for peace aud the “glorious Union !”
Ask him what b is the South gained by the com
promise aod ten chances to one if ho don’t dodge
the question !
Now, wc put it to all honest men, is it fair for
this man to denounce his neighbor, (wbo differs
with him as to the proper mode of protecting
j Southern right* and honor j as a traitor to liberty
and bis country. S-iuro people wont see danger
if it is a short distauco beyond their noses, and
tome act as if they looked upou honor, as only a
varnish, and a poor thing at best.—Augusta Repub
lic.
melting mood.blubbered like hungry children cry- |
ing for their bread and butter; aud when the beli
for mnsic between the acts, the tears fell from the
bassoon player’s eyes in such plentiful showers
that choked the finger stops; aud making a spout
of that instrument, poured iusuch torrents on tho
first fiddler’s book, that, not seeing the overture
was ill two sharps, the leader ot tho hand actual-
ly played in ono flat. But the sobs and sighs of
tho gronning audience, ami the noise of cork
drawing from the smelling bottles prevented the
mistakes between flats aud sharps being discor-
ered.
One hundred and nine ladies fainted, forty-six
went into fits, and ninety-five had strong hyster
ics! Tho world will hardly credit tho truth,
when they are told that fonrteon children, five
women, oue hundred tailors and six coancilmen
were actually drowned in the inuudation of tears
that flowed from tho-galeries, tho slips aud tho
boxes, to iuerease tho briny pond ill the pit; the
wnter was three feet deep, and tho people that
were obliged to stand upon the benches, wore, iu
that position, up lo their ankles in tear* !
An net ol parliament against her playing auy
more, will certaiuly pass.
Tlie New Union Party.
The St. Louis Union, commenting npon Mr.
Footo's account of tbe non Union party be is so
busy forming, ns “composed of all the best men
of both the old ones,” says: This reminds ns of
Randolph’s account of tho “ Union party "which
was attempted duriug Thomas Jefferson's admin
istration. After Randolph had fallen ont with Jef
ferson, he was iuvited to attend a meeting or cau
cus at Washington, to be composed uf the “ bonest
men of all parties.” Randolph says he was late
getting to the meeting, and when he got there it
was organized with Aaron Burr iu tho chair!
While these agitations continued, and betoro
Government could act upon the newly acquired
territory, Oregon cauio before Congress for a ter
ritorial government. In reliance upon the contract
embraced iu the Alissouri Compromise, the South
was willing to allow its organization lo be adjusted
under that comprom so. But tho occasion was
seized to display the power of the North, and im
press the anti-slavery principle upou the Govern
ment. The ami shivery proviso was adopted hy
Congress, and the Bill was signed hy the Execu
tive. Let this be observed. A Southern Presi
dent disapproving, tho measure did not dare em
ploy the (rower given him by tho Constitution to
check the actiou of Congress. This power often
exerted by him, favorite iu its exeroiso to his par
ty, could not stand before tbe forces arrayed t o
compel him to submission. But what matter is
Oregon, again said Southern recusants in Wash
ington! We could not go there with oor slaves,
wo have lost only an abstraction. Wo will seo ill
the course of this article, how accurate was their
knowledge, or how pure their trutli in makiug
this assertion. For the present, granting tho fact,
let ns trace the abstraction. Tho anti-slavery pro
viso was inserted by one of two authorities. Ei
ther to carry out the Missouri Compromise, or hy
virtue of inherent power in Congress sufficient for
tho purpose. Now either branch of ihe dilemma
may be chosen. If the first, then the Missouri
line should iu every case be carried out in all ter
ritories to the Pacific coast. Has this been done ?
If not, then tho Alissouri Compromise has been
adhered In ou onr side, and fraudulently avoided
on tho other. But if the other proposition lie
chosen, then the General Government has full,
exclusive jurisdiction over the subject of slavery
in Ihe territories, and-has used its power tonbol
ish it. 'I he Federal Government then actually is.
at this moment, an ami slavery, abolition govern
ment. This last is tiro alternative chosen by the
North, fur they have disclaimed the Missouri Com
promise, and the conclusion we have drawn is the
••abstraction” they have gained.
Thus during the agitation upon other points, the
steady, strung, onward march of anti-slavery
E3 5 ' Hon. Linn Boyd, one of tbe most active
supporter* of the late compromise measures thus _ . _
repudiates the amalgamation Union projects set ! P Ia “5 e<1 il “1 ful! !° r [' e U P°“ Oregon. This was
, • i • . ... , • , . another gum, and signalized the year 1848. At
on foot m Washington. Wo take this brief note ° “ - J — -•
from the Kentucky Argns. It is to the point.
Washington, Dec. 25. 1850.
Col. C. W. IIutciikn—Dear Sir:—I certainly
uever expressed u preference for uu amalgamation
ticket for the Presidency; and it is scarcely nec
essary for me to add that, us well for the preser
vation of the “ Union ” itsrlf as fur tho sake of
nil great interests of the American people, l am
fur adhering lo the principles and. usages of the na
tional Democratic party; and it is strange that any
one should, for a moment, assign me a different
position.
Iu haste, yojr obedient servant,
LINN BOYD.
foieutenunt General.
The following is the Resolution for the appoint-
moot of Lieutenant General:
• Resolved by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the United States of America iu Congress
assembled. That the additional grade of Lieuten*
ant General be, and the same is hereby, created
in the army, and that when in the opiuion of the
President und 8eniUe, it shall be deemed proper
to acknowledge eminent services of officers of the
army, iu the mode already provided for in subor
dinate grades the grade of Lieuteuaol Geueral may
be conferred by brevet only.
The Resolution passed the Senate by a vote of
32 to 20. as follows:
Yeas—Badger. Baldwin, Bell, Benton, Berrien,
Butler, Clarke, Clay, Cooper. Davis of .Mass.. Daw
son, Dayton, Dodge of Wisconsin, Doge of Iowa,
Douglas, Ewing, Foote, Greene, tinnier, Alason,
ihe commencement of the session of lS49-'50, tho
matter stood thus: We were in possession of
570.000 square miles ot territory, comprising Cali
fornia, New .Mexico and Utah. The power and
wealth of ihe United States, ns a nation, had ac
quired these territories, and the nation had drawn
by far the largest portion of its resources for con
quest from Ilia Southern States. The South uow
claimed uu interest in a portion of these acquisi
tions : anti slavery claimed all. Congress met mid
and Cougrcss bus adjourned. A series of bills
making what has been termed a “compromise"
mi mure has passed, and where are ve ?
Slavery is forever prohibited iu California.
Slavery can’t go to New Mexico or Utah.
A large territory has been taken from tho slave
State of Texas, to be added to the free territory of
New Alexico.
The slave trade has been abolished in tbe Dis
trict of Columbia.
This is the anti slavery progress of the last
twolvo mouths. Nut only have we lost every
point wo made, but additional insults upon unex
pected topics have been heaped upon us. As a
set off ta ull this. Congress bas passed n Fugitive
Bill, (its plainest duly under the Constitution.)
which has ulrendy been practically repealed, acd
which ilstrumers well knew never could be enfor
ced.
But what of all this! Is not the Union safe?
Has not federal patronage increased ? The world
slill looks upon us with admiration, let us join the
North iu her exultation at the success of measures,
which gain for her only abstractions! Thus have
sj oken Southern politicians to mask timidity or
treachery. Let us put their measures to the test.
Miller, Morton. Pratt, Pearce. Rhett, Seward,: _ „ — —
Shields, Smith, Spruauce, Underwood. Uphum, | Begin wiili California, mid see if practically, we
Wales-32.
Nay —Atclii non. Borland, Bradbury, Bright,
Chase. Davis of Mi-s., Downs, Felch. G win. Hale,
Hamlin, Houston, James. Kiug. Norris, Rusk,Stur
geon, Turney, Walker, Wbiicomb-20.
The Senate then adjourned
Georgia. Consua.
Returns from Georgia have been receivrd at the
Census Office, says tho National Intelligencer,
except those from Baker, Floyd, Troup aud Rich
mond counties:
The returns, so far ns received, make the
free population of this State..........501.451
Slave 356,909
853,410
Add the estimated population of tboooon-
ties not beard from 62,200
Com. Jones’Trial.—The Washington Corres
pondent of tbe New York Herald telegraphs to
that paper as follows ;
The verdict of tbe Court Martial npon Com
Jones is disclosed. He is suspended fur five
years; half that timo without pay, chiefly for
speculating with iho public money in California
gold dust. Tbe President approves tbe judgment.
And we have a total of. 920,610
Which, it ia believed, will bo found to vary bu
little from tbe official result
presided
procccilin
upon tho <
tU L-r,
»lrv,
•at distinction
> been nlway/
u hi: i npproi
m.
sail
. foul ami trench.-.
\ land. But we,,,
i! their exists, for
on ths law and „r
«.*, the r« t «*» t
highest public
ready to give these
.!. MV I ' . i.t -ii
rdedby a conipica.
Auburn, whoso ii ' tription
yrd, : "..fa man whosuffer-
>n* crime mfititt the lav*
•rely intended to hint at the
llustratlne Senator Davis's
«r pt3[.*i.iitirs of his State.
The Nc'tv “Union Party.”
ThoNevz Orleans Della says:
“That sagaciona party organ, tbe “Bee,” [whig]
bas been engaged lor some timo past in preaching
up the necessity of organizing a now party on the
broad platform of tbe Uuion. Tho idea has taken
wounderfolly in certain quarters. The fi=hy poli-
ticans, whoso post career and present feeble claims
ntul capabilities stand in tho way. of their prefer-
tho ranks c f the two great political partie g
irons of starting some new
party nrgatii/itiou, through which they may riso to
tbeeoasequunca wllich they arc unable to attain by
the old beaten pati uf party. Tho idea iaquito
an old one. It bas manifested itself in every era
of uur history, aud nun invariably resulted in tbe
discomfiture of thoie who started it.
ment
of the day, are very'
Home of Representatives.
By tbe late act of Congress, the number of
Representatives is fixed at 233, to be apportioned
in tiro several States according to their respective
papulation. The total population of the United
States on the 1st of Jane 1350, judging from tbe
census retarns already received, but yet incom
plete, will be about 23,000,000. Tbia will make
the ratio of representation rather under than over
94,000. If this should bo the result, Georgia will
be entitled to one additional Representative.
Tho New York Tribunoof the 17tb says:
Judging from tho best Census Returns, we are
able to put together, the Representatives of the
several States under tbe New Censns will com
pare with that under tho present, as follows :
States under Census of Stales under Census of
1840.1850. 1S10.1850.
Alaine 7
N.Hampshire... -1
Massachusetts..10
Rhode Island.. 2
Connecticut.... 4
Vermont....... 4
New York.....34
New Jersey... 5
Pennsylvania..24
Delaware 1
Maryland C
Virgiuin ..15
North Carolina. 9
South Cnroliua. 7
Georgia .*.. 3
Florida....... 1
Ohio 21
Indiana....... 10
Illinois........ 7
•Michigan 3
4 Wisconsin. 3
Iowa........
Kentucky... 10
Tennessee II
Missouri.. 5
Arkansas 1
Louisiana..... 4
Alabama...... 7
Mississippi.... 4
Texas ....’2
California.. 2
Tlie Rostou Rescue and Riot.
It appears from tbe following which we tako
from the Norfolk Argot, thnt Mr. Cupebart, tho
-ageotofthe owner of tho Slave Sbadrick, recently
rescued by the Boston riot was ibreatenedjike the
lamented Hughes, with all manner of frivolous
suits by Air. Fillmore’s law and order loving friends
in Boston. Tbo Argus says:
We were pleased, on Saturday Inst, to see onr
fellow-cilizen, John Cupebart, (the euergetic nud
fearless agent ol Air. DeBreo fur tbe recovery ol
his fugitive slavo, Sbadrnch,) back in our streets,
i safe from the fangs of Bostou sympathy and Bos-
' tun law, although, ns wo are informed, many writs
were out agaiust him in tbe bands oflbe officers of
tho law. Not having any peculiar fancy to be tho
taken instead of the taker, mid mure especially
when ho knew there would be no chnnce of res
cue for biro if once in the grip of the Higher Law
men, he prudently kept himsell perdu until bit
business was completed, aud then quietly return
ed to his home. The more light that is shed upon
this disgraceful occurrence, the more hideous be-
comes its features. Tlie imbecility mid coward
ice uf tile Deputy Marshal; Ihe active sympathy
and assistance rendered by tho whites; the inani
fest indifference displayed by tbo civil authori
ties of tbo city tu preserve the peace; the cavalier
refusal of the commander of the naval forces near
Boston to permit ihe uavy yard to bo used as a
place of custody for a prisoner iu the bauds of the
U. S. Marshal—all indicate that there is an influ
ence there existing more poteutial than constitu-
lions or statues, which renders this gem of the
compromise worse than useless, a mere mockery
in tho atmosphere of Boston.
Tux Dandy and the Alarm Watch.—ANew-
England paper, tells the following story of a Trav
elling dandy, who quartered nt a tavern, not long
since, in one of the interior towns or Connecticut.
“He prepared himself tb go to church, but not
possessing that very important chattel, a watch,
and being particularly desirous to cut a da9b, he
applied tu tbe landlord fur the loan of one. Tho
landlord possess ing a very powerful alarm watch,
readily complied with tho request, but previously
wound up the alarm, and set it at the hour which
he supposed would bo about tho middle of tho
first prayer. The dandy repaired to the church;
he nroae with all the grace of a finished exqnisitc,
at the commencement of the prayer, and stood
“ Let Her Went.”—Tbe fugitive slave caso in
Cincinnati, of which we have had a notice by lei-
egiyi pli, was settled most decisively by the tluve
herself. Tho counsel had cloned their speeches,
nnd the judge said he would givo his opinion iu
Ihe morning. At this moment, say* the Cincin
nati Gazette, tho woman stepped forward to the
J ndge and said—
“ I want to go borne with my master. I can’t
fool away all dis time. Let me gn.”
The Judge said •• go ’’—and she “ icent.”
The Ogletliorpc University*
One or ihe most important, nnd yet inoat neglec
ted, duties of those wiro have ut heart the interests
anil welfare, social and political, of the south: rn
portion of the Union, is thnt of patronizing onr own
institutions of learning, and having our children
eduented at home. One ol the most promising and
useful of onr Snuihern institutions of learning is the
Oglethorpe University, situated in a central anil
heallhliil region of Georgia, a few miles from Mill
edgeville. the capital of ihe State. It is under the
charge of the Presbyterian Synods of South Caro
lina, Georgia, Florida, aud Alabama, and is conduc
ted ou the Scholarship plan, each State being en
titled to nominate a Professor when ihe number of
scholar* reaches an amount sufficient lo support
one. The terras of this institution are exceedingly
favorable. Each subscription of one hundred dol
lars entitles the bidder to n scrip, giving him the
educariun of the one faintly of boys, tuition free;
and every subscription of fivo dollars, when paid
in a like manner, gives the privilege of having one
pupil at all times in tue institution, free of expense
of tuition. We observe thnt the following of nur
citizen* are agents fur this University: Dr. Pictou,
163 Carondelet street; S G. Dunlap, 54 Camp
street; W. P. Campbell, 88. Gravier street.—-V.
O. Delta.
Fashionable Innovation.—The New York Alir-
ror vouchsafes this bit of fusliiouable intelligence,
which may be ofsome interest to our Ituiy readers;
"A fifih Avenue lady gave a splendid party on
Friday. Inviting her guests to appenr at 2 o’clock,
p. m. We cannot forbear expressing our admiration
of so wise uml bold an innovation upon tbe fnshion-
uble iniquity of miiluight parties. Thus turning
uight into day isduing violence to ualure; and is
one of the chiel causes of the delicate health and
premature decay of onr Alelropolituii beauties.
“We have not space to dwell upon tlie many ad-
vantages of day-light parties; (gas light within, of
courso-,) but from the success uf this iuitial move
ment to revolutionize tbe fashionable world, we
predict an important change fur the better iu the
social eutertammeuts of New York.”
FROM THE AUGUSTA REPUBLIC.
Augusta Yarns.
Wo noticed n few days ngo, a large nnmber of
bales of yarn being conveyed by drays, to the
steamer Metcalf, to ho shipped to New York,
Philadelphia and Baltimore, via Savannah. We
umlerstand that there were about 400 butes in tho
lot, manufactured by the Alills on ihe canal, near
thiscity, and intended for the Northern markets.
This lact speaks volumes in favor or tho expedien-
cy ant! pecuniary profit of Southern cotton mum-
fiicturera. In time, theso establishments will uot
only supply the borne demand for yarns and oth-
er cotton fabrics but come into successful compe
tition with Northern articles. The high price of
cotton, recently, has had tho effect to check invest
ments in cotton manufactories at the South to a
certain extent, but we do not doubt their general
introduction at au early day throughout the South
ern states.
Statistics of Mount Auburn.—This boantiful
cemetery, which, as all know, is situated in old
Cambridge, WItbjftfour miles of Boston, has cost,
up to the present time. $139,458 81,and the whole
number of bodies interred iu it is 4,647. From
tho recent report of the Treasurer, it appears that
the receipts during the year 1850. from sales of
Total .....233 233
Of course, nntil the Censns Returns are com
plete. no calculation can he absolutely relied on, The sweat rolled offllie poor fellow; iro seized hi'
but tbe above is vory nearly correct. It control j bat. and making one effort for the door harried off I
vary from tbe official result in mure than two or I with his watch pocket in one
invested fund of $57,72S. nud the fund $1,500, for
statuo of the late Judge Story; nud it appears from ^
tiio Report of the Superintendent, tliut 98 lots . chtaery. His gold, hidden fur safety, lies as idly
have lost nothing more than abstract right.
Perhaps it will startle those who have been in
tbe habit uf taking their ideas, either at first or
oecond hand, from the Northern press, to hear it
asserted thnt California is by nature peculiarly a
slaveholdiug Slate. Nevertheless, tbe fact is so.
Wherever gold has been found in any abundance,
it has been obtaiusd principally by slave labor.
No matter what name it bus assumed, serfdom in
some (daces, peonage in others, still it is a great
fact that gold digging lms always been performed
mainly by slave labor. Efforts have been made
to substitute machinery, and English capitalists
Imve expended vast sums upou costly engines for
dipt purpose. It bas all proved a failure. The
capital bas been sunk, tbe attempts have been
nbaiidoneil, and ihe machines now lie rusting by
the side of the mines which are still worked by
slave laluir. There is not just at present suffi
cient iufoi marinu at nur hand to enable us tu trace
ihe process of failure, but the fact is geueral:
gold mines are wrought only by slave labor. Bm
in California especially, the aid of machinery is
dispensed with, in obtaining the rich product of
its plains. Manual labor is the only mode yet
found profitable, and the only mode ever requi
site. Tbe rude implements of tbe gold washer
of California are scarce one grade beyond tbe
agricultural instruments of the most (uimiiive
people. They require no ingenuity in contri
vance. no capital in construction. Ou the con
trary, it would seem that, precisely iu pr»|mrliou
to the complexity anil cost ofa machine, has been
tbo inverse ratio of its success. . A pack and
■hovel for digging, a boal for washing, these are
all the lulmrer requires, to make the gold-impreg
nated soil yield its rich burthen. Tho operations,
simple nnd uniform, require no great skill in their
performance, ami, by the plainest of means, be is
put in possession of the great currency of the
world, as the immediate result of his labor. Ex
empt from (lie usual laws of production, he needs
no intermediate aid to render his products avail
able in the market of the world, fur that which
lie . produces is the standard, by reference to
which exchanges are everywhere performed.
Agency is dispensed wilh: no carrier is needed,
to transport a bulky commodity to a distant mar
ket; no luctor is employed, between the owner
of the yield of the earth, and the manufacturer,
who is to give it consumable form. All the iu-
lerme.liuto processes are uvioaed, except, perhaps,
coinage, upon which the seignorage is so trifling
as not to he worth mention here, and, indeed, for
all ihe large operations of commerce, aud its re
sults to the world, bulliou need not uudergo even
this small operation.
From these statements, it is apparent that, in
California, labor is exempt from the control of capi
tal, a characteristic much distinguishing that
country Irom the rest of the world, whero labor
and capital are found. Of course, this is mainly
lo be applied to tbe gold region. In the cities,
and for financial and speculative purposes, accu
mulation and combinations of capital will pre
serve some of their geueral power. But in the
mines, as all labor it, or may be, equally valuable,
as it needs uo capital to commence witb, and its
products are noteuhancml by a combination with
capital, tbe value of labor is as great to tbe labor
er as it is to ihe capitalist. Heuce capital cannot
biro lubor, because the wages of the laborer will
of course be that sum which bo hopes to make
for himself, deducting the cost of maintenance in
either case. Capital eugages labor for profit, aud
uo profit can accrue Irom such a contract, and
none such will be made. For illustration, if tbe
rewards of gold washing be taken to average teu
dollar* per day, it is evident that the capitalist
caunot pay more than that sum to tbe laborer; it
is equally evident tho laborer will not hire him-
selt for less. He stand* in no enforced subjection
to capital, as he dues elsewhere! Ho has no in
struments of value to provide, no land to buy;
hia muscles and organs furnish Ihe only machine
ry required, aud the product of his labor is of
that one class which possesses geueral, immediate
and fiaal value. Besides, in this, as in all indus
try or u speculative nature, there is tho faith
which each iudividual has in his own good for
tune, which would prevent the laborer’s accept
ing as hire even more than tho average rate of
profits. To what use, then, cun capital, as it is
accumulated, bo put, in the mines ! As matters
now stand, to little or noue, for tho purpose of
mining. Capital and labor are disunited.
But if wo now suppose introduced upon that
nrenn class of laborers capable thomselves of
being property, the uuion of capital and labor
will bo ro-establishod. not iti conflicting but bar-
moniuus relation, as we shall olsewhcro show.
Tbe accumulation of capital will bo expended in
the purchase of such laborers, aud the iucreased
production of good thence arising, will give still
larger nnd larger means of-cnntiuued return and
re-investment. For farther illustration, let us sup
pose the value of a day’s labor to bo ten dollars,
aud tho price of a slave to he a thousand dollars.
Under the present state of things, when a man
has worked for one hundred days he has gained
one thousand dollars; but what cau he do with
this sum, in aid of his labors? Nothing, actually
iiotliiug. As we havo already seen, ho cotinot
hire rnoro labor, he cannot assist his own by ma-
int^rase t ' iaCC *' 11 '* IaJr0 Member n , toe other, amid Iho suppressed laughter of the I have been improved nnd sodded during tho last j as iu the original mould or earth, and his labor
nD 7 C “ C - I whole congregation.” I year. _ . | continues to receive the some' return, only, as at
lustration, aud not for culculation, coateqaeMh!
make uo pretension to accuracy. Rapidity
gain may be over-estimated or underrated, and th
ratio, at course, be not precise ; but the prince's
would, ill nuy case, be the same. r 8
III addition to this, California is not only |L
land for slavery, but it is emphatically the r,|,c°
for negro slavery- This arises from physical c»u°.
ses. The period for working the placers is dor'
ing tho hot season. Ill tho autumn the rainy i e ."
sun sots iu, mid lasts until spring. During it» co .'
liuuance, the tempestuous rain drives man (ram
the open air, the earth is saturated with water
the streams become torreuts, ibe floods sween
away all barriers mid fill all excavations, and Isbu-
is, perforce, suspended, until the elements ha»«
exhausted their career. With the cessation cuacs
a season scarcely more genial. The clouds which
veiled the sun withdrawn from his presence, hii
rays beat down with fierceuess, rendered 'still
more oppressive by tho steam which rises from
the muddy surfoce of the earth, aud. when o&co
the moisture is exhaled, no refreshing showers
fall to cheer the workman, but he must delve on
iu a baked and hardened crust, which reflect!
back the heat, all but insupportable to the white
men. Heuce the trying severity of tho work t u
those who are occupied with it. Letter after let.
ter recite*, in touching languoge, the trials ol tha
miners; the plains are covered with their graves-
shattered constitutions hurry from the spot, t»
linger or die in the homes whence they departed,
and the number of diggers is preserved otilr by
constant recruits from the vast army of emigranti,
whom :he“auri fames” hurries from otherplacnl
But in such time the negro is in circumstsnce!
most Congenial to his nature. Clad in the “ shad,
owed livery ” in which his fathers, for fivo thou,
sand years, have withstood the beatings of a tropic
sun; with u constitution furnished him, in the great
orderings of providence, to withstand its effect!,
lie grows strong, with warmth, and rejoices in thu
heat beneath which the white child of a North,
ern raco sinks faint and exhausted. Aud yet tin,
is the country which wo have so often been ai.
sored is totally unfit for slavery ;' whero it is for
bidden by tbe “ laws of God.” Southern meu,
“ good, easy souls,” have implicitly believed it,
because tuld so to do. Sucli, at least, were the
assertions, w hile it was necessary tu keep South
ern influence from entry upon the domaiui, which
Northern cupidity had marked for its own. Out
now that the deed has been done—now that the
di-foded South has been expelled the paradise of
free soil, and the lldiuing sword guards the gate,,
lo prevent our entrance—it is admitted that coin
atitiition and strong laws wero necessary, tors-
peal the natural luw of slavery in California. Let
us take the testimony ofime well acquainted wilh
■ he Pacific country, and who speaka with no pre-
judice in favor of tbe South. Some lima last
summer Horace Maun addressed a note tn Mr.
Thurston, the congressional delegate from tbe ter
ritory ol Oregon, as to tliafitnes* of Oregon. Cali,
funds. New Alexico anil Utah for slave iiiititn.
ti<>u*. The reply is conclusive. Not only due,
Mr. T. positively assert that California, NewMez-
ico and Utah are uuttirully slave countries, hut h*
goes farther, aud informs us that the profit, „f
slave labor in Oregon would be double what they
are in any Southern State. Italians, whoso pow
ers of work are not to be compared lo thoie uf th*
negro, receive from two to tliree dollars a day;
house hold servants from five to six hundred dol
lars a year The wages of a negro man iu Cali
fornia, for the (last year, would havo bron from
eight hundred lo a thousand dollars, and. from
his knowledge of New Alexico and Utah, ha dor,
not doubt that they, equally wilh California,
abound in gold, nnd would bu ns valuable in tbrir
returns to slave labor. Mr. T. concludes his let
ter with the following sentences:
“ Tile greatest impediments which white labor
has tn encounter iu the mines are the intensify or
tho beat aud tbe prevalence of bilious di,ra,r.
The oue is almost insufferable, while tbe other i,
pestilential; agaiust both of these the negro i,
almost proof.” •• Hence, where 1 a Southern
man, uml my properly invested in slaves. I should
consider the maikeu in New Mexico, Utah and
California, for slave lubor, worthy of a honorable
coutesl to secure.”
We are in possession of private letters, fmns
gentlemen of high iutr lligence, who have been
over the gold region of California, and their tes
timony is to I lie same effect. Even niter the aJ.
mission of California, with her constitution for
bidding slavery, one.of her Senators. Mr Gwin.
hud to urge upon Congress the necessity of n law,
by which peonage would be prevented ; so strong
is the tendency to lliis orgauizjriuu of labor iu
the mines.
Thus California should hare been ours: yet. far
the present, nt least, we have lost it. We hsve
no pari io the heritage of this country. Our birth*
right lias been sold for a mess ot pottage—to uur
politicians. The brand is upon us; nur own gut.
erumeiit has affixed llio aiigma. Our iusrituiious
are polluted, and we mu>t acquiesce in thu edict
und bless the hand that signed it. Biller is tbe
reliediuu, that it has all been caused bv Southern
stipineiicss aud treachery. Who call doubt that,
when, some three years since, the iusulting cry
of free soil was firot shouted, n stern, unflinching
di m ind for onr rights would have made that cry
harmless- Bui Southern politicians assured lbs
people the idle cry would pass hy, the people be
lie veil, and—California is gone! What hove wa
lost T Du we realize it ? Let us look at it
closely.
We have, as a people, lost all right to partici
pate in the result* of a conquest, for which we
furnished a large majority of Ihe means; we bars
lost our equality in the distributed powers of tha
goverumeut; we are shut out, forever, from ac
cess to the Pacific shore, anil from all share in tb*
mighty commerce which is to spring up between
the American nnd Asiatic continent. Commerce .
and civiiir.nriou have run their course from east to
west, until, spaiiuiug the globe, tbe poiut is reach
ed where the West touches thu East. But we
may not stand upon the spot where the men, of
whom the last page of history is being written,
stretch their hands tn those who still occupy tba
soil which was tbecradle of the race. We bought
aud paid for it with blood aud treasure; bat
every inch of that ground is covered, and covered
in order lo exclude us. Take the distance horn
Florida to Maine, on tbe Atlantic, and stretch tbs
same length upon the opposite ocean, and yon
have the water line of Hint vast State, wboio
boundaries wore fixed to wall ns out from the
Pacific. “For God’s sake, take all!" said tbo
emissary of the federal government to tho con
vention of California, when they hesitated upon
such a monstrous usurpation. Id prompt com
pliance, they took all; * we have noue.
Wlmt would have been the effect if the territory
had been lelt open to us. without fear of moleits-
tion? Cun auy oue doubt tho amount of emigre
lion which would have wended its way from tb»
South! By this time, thousands of young inttlh*
gent, active men (our Southern country abound*
wilh them) would have been iu that region, hav
ing each carried with them from one to tire or ten
slaves; their own property or the advances of so
other, (in most cases a parent,) to work opoa
shares. With constitutions and institutions suited
.to tbe work, what limit could bo assigned to their
success! Their labours would have benefited all.
the South. The gold they obtained would bsva
flowed into tho Southern States, or gone into tb®
commerce of tile world, to enhance the vala* ot
our other products. Labour would have been
withdrawn from tbe culture of cotton, and, wbifo
Ihe yield of that staple would have diminished,
its value would havo appreciated. Tbo general
ability of the world to purchase, from theincreaw
of tbe precious metals, would have raised in pne* .
all the staples of the exporting States. The seen*
of prosperity which would have been exhibited o-
pou our area would have been without a parallel
in any nation upon which the sun has ever shone.
Nor would tbeudvantages have ended here. N° r *
thorn emigrants, witnessing the effects of«Uv #Ia '
hour in the mines, would soon have became F ar "
chasers and competitors for the purchaso of slave*-
Their value in tho Southern States would hav*
been increased by hundreds of millions of dollar*'
nnd, iuteparably linked with their value, all otb* r
kinds ofproperty would havo experienced a
appreciation. With the increase of value of da’* 1
would have come iucrenso of comfort to tiro B, , ,vs
himself, for, contrary to tbe fact in other relation*
ot labourer and employer, the comforts of 111
slave always increaso with the ability of tbe
er to render those comforts. The area of pnreba*
sera, extended beyond our immediate lino 1 **
would havo given a direct interest to tens of thott'
sands from the North to understand and dsfoo'
our institutions. Thus wealth and strength woulu
have combined, iu tho increase of our mean*
onr power. This is all lust. Duped, by m 8 * ut
which it would disgrace imbecility to J‘. ,
we havo lost it all. Wo have yielded our light"
we have confessed onr inferiority—we have i 1 *"
teued to the song of the syren,aod,by itienchaO'
ing delusions, have been deprived of a couutry *
rich as if the golden rays which Ihe sun strews up 01 '
hia path, in daily leave-taking of our continent, n*u
been crystallized iutu metal. \Ve liaV© l'’ 1 -* I
more: we have lust the respect ol our oppre**° r3
nnd our confidence tu ourselvos. A most ®eu>
* Debates in California Committee.