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H.«'l*ric«of lltio V»l»T fW
t»*' ‘ , u! c p r annum, if paid iii admnre,
yT"’»• ® ,j. ^ |,-,|-,, r '. j| I( , expirationof tbo
0ti*”' 1 '' ! |f|,.n frt In- applied. fur h» the
w , 7Vn JMhiri and n Half
Ifr■■■' . .. )>v ,. rv without exception, to
,,r r " i J]|e XiLitottacH tn new «ul»cnlw-rs
3 rtl,Jpr *..", anan>*«i ’■f** 1 * #<«* *•» Venre aum-
j b** * cfn ‘ • * . ■ . .
** w tJpt .r,J,-iK-u r^peiifu'b'< 1 ' ll ‘ ui f' ;d - -
^^SJnT’S message/
f * !*• 1 "" ■ „fti? H 'U>* of
. - n lr ,,,.-irr* that the President ahull,
f f <' r ' , -i ,ii,iv recommend in the min-
r ,'i tl* l ‘n--1 mh nrtwurw ns ho may judge
<• S'';. r ,...|„.i, i:f, hut nU© that he ahuit give
*"** ^a |i;f fta'e of 'the Union. To
txpoailion of ail lor-lti is m
"of ihe comitrr, domestic or
•rotialiy concern lit© general wel
irminjt his coontimtioaul dnty in
liie President «h/oa not speak merely'!*
j toiivitiieus. hut us the executive min-
ut-rmneid. enabled by his position and
V his official obligation*, to scan v it!, un
pM C P tie iblcresW of tho tfbojfl, and of ivory
s/ttion "it the domestic interests of tin
Of the , u|IVi mines, ninmtlactnrec, imvigi
u ’•'I* Jmmvrci', it is necetisnrv only la »»y that the
wr ii\'of the county, ini contiiiiiou* und
aft-* !, •Mvit.eut in wealth mql population, til'd in
t- -‘‘’ll| ubiic well being, attest the wtadnm
pr.we*^* w ' a:K | ;V,e prerinuiment spirit of inielli-
k' ,; 'jLinotism. wbiell imlwillislimtliiigoccasion-
'i' : M t opinion or notion ntMlBiny Irom
■I nt'ff i, a * diamignisihedand characterised
.ft'eofdutiit' 1
,-a wriTins— suvebt prBsnwfj—jcs.vsas.
jirrsiticutial Election
, r , ? i j„| C! tuI between the. termination of the
» — - f the prevent sessions
M i< r i V"-. -gc
; 7*£ i
tif*
VOL. XXXI.
MACON, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER, 9, 1856.
m]
1 0- O
urn
m
NO. 18.
Advkktisks:knr*»at tli*- r* pillar rliar^e w il! be Out
Dollfn- j>» r.sf|ii,'tn* «*t' 10 hum or fax, for tin* first in
sertion, umi b'-ft.y ('mis. fur inser
tion. All Vutvertis •miMits not ns tune,
will be jnibli^lieil until forbitl and olwiitjod accord-
inply
(Tiutuakt X'Tkk.- not cxommUm^ ten lines, will
bo published ^rali-» ; but r>>*h >jt tin* rate of One i)cl-
Ur* for every ten manuscript iues exceeding that
.number, must accompany all longer tMticca, or they
will bu cut short.
£^"Tho TKr.Kc;RAi’H goes to press at 'i o’clock,
Monday ftvenmgs. Adn.Tti«ers will oblige by hand
ing iu their favors, as early ns Saturday, If possible.
I hero <
which f ;
r*** F l
, nT^"
I rr»w
.tie S'
Jtl'h
■ until-'
1st*
^m"-!r»S"'b® I'ttbhc otir.d bus" hern, occupied
>f „f fvlcvtinir, for nmiihor cousiinniouiil
i and Vice President of tho United
iPn»>
satrn
«tU'
yniinatien r f tlte perron*, who are of ri"hf,
T " , ™ c tiT, to iicsldti over thoadministnuion
j ! .rrament. is. under mtr system, oominit-
I Stair* and ihe people. We "eppeal to them,
'„sc* aroaoueecd ill llio lot ids of law. lo
* ,<*nueercr they will to Ibu Li;;h post of Chiet
o’i y.m it i* that Ihe Senator* rei>renent tho re-
.Satfj of the Unirtu, und Ihe uiemberR 4 the
rf.Vlicii'sfn atives Ihe several constitn-ucic* of
,,, tlw I’m-siilent tvptesenis the eggresjate
o’, f t*u' L'lhted Slate*. Their elvcton of him
,liri and s'.lcuiu act of the solo sovereign au-
[ I...,il the I'atun- ....
it i, imporhUt to misapprehend th.' great pnn
*hi5T l*v their recent politic >1 aclion, Ihe
tiHeof ticI'aiied Stales have sanctioned und-an-
sawted the conftitut : otial .equality of
■tiirj*!! oftbe States of the Union as States;
ikr luK nfurtaci the constitutional eqydlltV of each
ad of the citizens of the United States as cili-
rbrtinr their religion, wherever their birth
| Jrtisr rcsideaee; they have maintinned tho in-
^ ol tho constitutional rights of the dtirep-
• hc.muof the Union; and they hive proclaim-
I ei :1, r devoted and unahcrqfo Bttacfiment to Iho
l>i-5 :ad to the Constitution, a» objects of Interest
i-vu-ir to all subjects of local or sectional controver-
|,1 tiesjfoeuatu of tho-rights of all. us the spirit
| ,4 tie fscaec of the liberty, peace and grtatncssol the
J t> i in- this, they lmve at the same linio cniphaU
i-dlr trr.ilearned the idea of organizing in these
fstid states mere geographical patties; of inar-
[ tK-’ :a hostile array towards each other tho dif
r.-t ;gts of theemtutry, North or South, East or
ay-tret of this nature, fraught with incalculable
I livtsf. »tul which the considerate eense of the peo-
p, la reject.'J, could have had countenance in no
<f the c unity, had they not been disguised by
oiratepiaasiblein oppe*ranee, acting upon an ex-
statas o) the public uiind, induced hv causes tom
I jaw ia tlirir character, and it is to he hoped transient-
*'ieir:r.l!ceace.
IVlift liberty of association for political objects,
I id At widest "scop <ft discussion, are the .rccvivai
I ud ftdirary conditions of government In our couij-
tty. Oar ustitutions, framed in die spirit of couh-
I t-xt :a the iutcliigenco and integrity of the peo-
|; J-. ia turbid citizens either individually oras-
s-attel Kiietlier, to attack by writing, speech, or
ur oka' methods short of physical foi-oa, the thin-
piiathis sta the very existence of the union. Un-
Irr the jbtlter of this groat, liberty, and protected
| hr hie Un» ua 1 usages of llio governnijut they as-
ul, sswia/i'-i.s have been formed, in some ot the
bates, of itnliviVnils, who," pretending' to seek only
I ts jurenl tho s; rend of ths institution of £ I avert'
| ii:e the present or litture indioate. States of the
'Me, »r* really iullauted with desire la change Ilia;
tioie iaitmuicus of existing States. To eccom-
u their olij.'ci-s they dedicate fhisuiselveJ to the
m tiskof deprectatiiig tho government or gun i-'
^ which stands iii their wav, aud of caiutunit-
f, viht iotiiVcriintnate ioveeiirc, Uut only tile
en cl particular Suites, with wnoso laws they,
if silt, wit all others of their fellow-cittz -ns through-
i tie com,try, who do not participate w ith tbeitr in
I Utir,arolu opoH jibe Censtnution. framed andadop-
Wbr car fathers, and claiming (o-lhe privileges it,
fuecurctl, aod the blessings il has coafereu, the
| ro4,tni;,port ..tulgiatelul reverence of thoir children,
levscittai.ljcct which they well know'to tea re-
r »»rauy one. They *r* perfectly ttwaru lb»t the
e- rge in the relative condition ol the white and blsck
■Xwuiitie»l«>eheldi:ig 8iate«, whichlhoy would pro-
•-V,ubryood thti a-vful nmhoiiiy; that to them it
*»leieigu object; that it cannot be eflected by any
k*r$it itistremcalality of theirs; that for them, tincf
tt»Mit«»f which they are citixena, the only path to
>•» Kcstnplahmeat is ihrmigh bnroin'gcities atul rar-
t;y add*,kiul eUiigbleted pojiuiatious, sod all there
a»»i tcrtihle in totcign, complicated with civil and
•vrl* w.r; and that ths tirst step in the attempt Is
*»iteb'e disruption of a oountiv embmeing in
! lds,mi « degree of liberty, "and an lanuunt
* “dtvmuaj «nJ public ptorperity, to wuich there
“» p»ta!«| in Iii,lory, mid substituting in its place
V;.t gnvc rumen Is, driven at once and iuevitubly
““au tal tlerxvtaticn and fraricidal earuage, trane-
, ., 'a#now peaceful and felicitous brotherhood
•totra>t |iermanneut camp of armed to on like the ri-
^tttiwcliiesiif Kurojio und Asia. Weil knowing
.sue!) only, are the means and the cou*e-
c,,ij their plan* ondjmrp rsea, they endeavor to
iri- f iliei-Mpie „| the L nitcJ Suites lor civil war by
^ "{oerjthing in their power to deprive theCoustH-
•» «,i the laws of moral authority, undcr.oiue the
• vt the l won, by nppesi* to passion aud KCtbn-
“ by indnetriuuting its people with re
u ’-at tuircJ, and by ed-tailing them to stand tree to
rather thou shoulder to shoulder us
bnltj the agency of such unwarrantable Intcrfer-
: ' ;tc:ga and domestic, that ths minds of many,
Athens, have been so inti tuled into the
't>-tc candcmnatinn of the dmnestic institution
in a state of mutual hostility, rath-
vr ih^n hllnw magistrales ofucommon coimtir, ocncr-
tt y snbaiBtiiqf under tbe protecteclion ol one well
f rowiallr r' li0 |"" Th "^ h . ere t aggression was
f d owei by i-eiictton ; and the attacks upon tlieCon.v.i.
Heil rv a , r mnl dl,i , bl,t serTe 10 »i*e up new bar-
ncrR lt*r ».s defence sod ^eciuitj.
ihe third stage of ibis'unhappy sectional enntre-
v. rev was ... connection with IheTganizntion dfSST
torw gorernmen.^ and tho admission of uew hitates
ml. tho ftii'm. \\ lien it was proposed to admit the
2g!* 1 bv Mparetlon of territory from that of
.Jais acUiisolts, and lue Slale of Mijifouri, formed of a
portion of the territory ceded by France to the Uni.
ted Mate*, representatives in Congress ol-iacted to the
wkniMion of the lutor, unless with condition* suited to
iuii litpiUr vie ws of public policy. The imposition of
-licit u condit ton was successfully resisted. Bui, at the
-ao-c period, the question was presented of imposing
v ».usIti*u tli I DC Uttmcmtu uinuiuinni^
h ■ T V', rB ,State*, as at length to pass insensibly
- - to, i.jtaiiv passionate hostility rewards tbe ; r
uud thtis finally to fall
icopowy w j,(, t | )B n vowed tmd active
ei,. ., j* vODStitiuroo. Ardently attached lo lib
tej 1 1 ,Be , 1 * <bey do not stop to cousxler prac-
v,-“« hist.l.jrcfs t tier would attain can be accom-
••t r,n vrt that, even if theevil were a* great
ta; a'”,™ *'* Fe no temed y to apply. Bod
,: tvv..i 0 V* °ttl.v aggravated by their vioteuca, and
hn,.| ! ? , ' iu ”' A question, which is <-na ol
t"» irfivi 0 " 1 u ** *boproblem* of social institu
**ni*ni» *°d >tar«wtan*bi]>, they treat
|Of, ,lu g Uitimpenmco of thought and him
-t.'iutt'i i '7"* .brUy 1 extreme?. Violent attack from
‘ 1,5 '''vrimbic constipteuccin the groplh
l-' .-'j, , ““sfy dclianc# at the rioiilhl Thus in the
' v< - had renehed that constimmatfoo,
Uti,j ,r ,ce 01 lile people has now so pointedly re-
•«i(Jai« “* ,u *"?P’ofnjiortiun of tha States, by a'
tn<,j.i r'" ;ll,lu » and movement, re usurp Ihe con
1 f r '>;«ent of the United Slate*.
*ha j, cor' irf ' ®*®* vc, hat the great bt'dy of tho*
"ntrty took this’ fatal step, tire atticerely
»tt;j ‘•J*.J< on »tilntion and the Union, They
;,, kotiiB» *hbeiatioa, shrink with unairoctdK bor-
;^ cr i - ®" D 'viott* act n( disunion or civil war.—
"kuii u '»toa path, which leads nowhere,
ta. 0 | C i 1 ' 1 ijifacd distinioB, upd which has.
' t « tt. t e 1 u ^ e1, ^ hev have proceeded thus
‘-Soi/.c l'j c,! “»ta cnnsrqnettce of the stiecespive
*t .'.j,. Ml'togicss having consisted of a Setie* of.
dwithiti (•—.?* * !:c “ "'hieh professed to bocotifin.
‘ l; *W«d iSl' 0 "* 1 “d IK'Sceful limits hut,which
HtCir th,. ; lrccl - "hat fetv ruen wcie tvilling to do
Jn this connection it should not be forgotten that
l' ranee, of her own accord, resolved, for considerations
ol ihe, most far-sightod sagacity, to cede Louisiana to
the United Stales.and that accession was accepted by
the United State*, tbe latter expressly engaged that
the inhabitant* oftbe ceded tei ritory shall bs incor
porated in the Union ot tbo United Stales, and admit-
ted ns noon as possible, according to the principles of
the hedetul Constitution, to tbo cojoymeitt of all the
rights, edvantago*, and immunities of citizens of the
Loiled States; and iu the meantime thev shill be
titHintatncd aud protected in tlte free enjoyment of their
Ibnt nt\;, and the religion which they profess”
—-that is to say, while it remains, in a territorial con
dition, its inhabitant* are maintained and protected in
ths free epjovmeot of tbeir liberty and property, with
a right then to pass into the condition of Stale* i
footing of perfect quality with the original States.
The eimtunent, which established tbe restrictive
geographical line, was acquiesed in rather than approv
ed by the State* of the Union, It stood on the statute
book, however, fora number of years; and the people
ol the respective States acquiesced in the re-enactment
of the principle as applied to thu State of Texas; and it
was proposed to acquiesce iu it* further application to
the territory acquired by the United States from Mexi.
(O. Lilt this preposition was aocccsaftiHy resisted by
the representative* Irom the Northern States, who, re
gardless of the statute line, insisted upou applying re
striction to the new territory generally, whether lying
North or South of it, hereby repealing as a legislative
compromise, and, on the part ot the North, persistent
ly violating Hie compact, if compart there was.
Theieupnn this enactment ceased to have binding
virtue i.t any sense, whether as respects the North or
the South; uud so n rltect it was treated cn tbe occa
siou ol the admission of Ihe.•state of California, and thu
organization ol the Territories of New Mexico, Utah
and Washington.
Sutn was tbe stale of this question, when tbo time
arrived lor the organization oftbe Territories of Kan
sas .md Nebraska, iu tbo progress of cjnstitutiooal
inquiry and rellectiou, it haa now at length come to be
seen clearly that Congress dots not pusscss constitu
tional power to impose restrictions of this character
upon any present or fntnre State of the Union, inn
long series of decision*, on tbo fullest argument, and
after the most deliberate consideration, the Supreme
Court ofthc United Slates and finally determined ibis
point, in overy form under which tbe question could
arise, whether as affecting public or private rights—
in questions of Iba public domain, of religion, of navi-
gat ton, and of servitude,
Tho.-event! States of the Union are, by force of the
Constitution, co-uittal in domestic legislative power.
Congress cannot change a law of domestic relation in
the Staio of Maine; no more can it in tbe State of
Missouri. Auy statute which proposes lo do this is n
mere nullity; it takes away no right, it confets none.
Il it remains on tbe.statute-book uurepealed, it remains
those only as a monument of error, and.a beacon of
warniug to the legislator and the statesman. To re
peal it will he only to remove imjpcrlection from the
statutes, without uITVcting, either in the cense of per
mission or of prohibitum, tbo action of tbe States, or
of tbeir citizens.
Stilt, when the nominal restriction of this nature,
ulrcady a dead letter iu law, was in terms repealed by
the last Congress, in a clause of tbe act organizing the
Territories of Kansas and Nebraska that repeal was
mode the occasion of a wide-spread and dangerous agh
lulion.
If was alleged that tho original enactment, being a
compact of perpetual moral obligation its repeal consti
tuted an odious breach of faith.
Au act of Congress, while it remains unrepealed,
mote especially it it bo constitutionally valid in tbe
judgment of those public functionaries whose duty it is
to prnnuunceon that point is undoubtedly binding on
tbe conscience of oach good citizen of the Republic.
Uut iu wbut sense con it be asserted that the enactment
in question was invested with perpetuity and entitled
to .no re--peel of u solemn compact? I let ween whom
tvss the compact ? No distinct contending powers of
tbu Uovernment, no ssparate sections ot (tie Union,
luMtiog os such, entered into treaty stipulations un tbe
subjeht. Il was a mere clause of au act of Congrew,
and ffko any other controverted matter of legislation,
received its final shape and was |>a«ed by compromise
oftbe conUictiug opinions or scutiments’of tbe mem
bers ot Congress. Uut if it bad moral authority over
meu’s consciences, to whom did this authority attach ?
Not loiito-e of tbe North, wbo bad repeatedly refused
to confirm it by extension, and woo bail ze dowdy
.striven to establish other und incompatible regulations
upon tbe tmbject. And if, us it thns appear the cum-
pact had no obligatory force as to the Nut th, of course
it could not bavo had any aa to the South, for all such
compacts must be mutual aud of reciprocal obligation,
It has not uufrequently bappeped that law givers,
with undue estimation of tbe Talue of the lutv they
give, or tn the view of imparting lo it peculiarstivugtb
take it perpetual ia terms, but they cannot thus bind,
the conscience, the judgment, and the will of those
who may succeed them, invested with simiUu respon
sibilities, and clothed with equal authority. More care-
lul investigation may prove tbs law to be unxuuod in
princqtfo. Experience may show it to be imperfect in
detail and impracticable in execution. And then both
reason ar.d right combine not merely to justify but to
require its rc;*:al.
Tbe Constitution, supreme as it is over all the de-
ptirtmeuis of tbe government, legislative; executive,
end judicial, is opeo to uuiendmeat by its very terms;
aud congress or tbe States may, iu their discretion,
propose amendment to it, solemn, compact though it
to irutii is between tbe suvereigo States of the Union.
In tho pruseut instance, a political enactment, which
hud ceased to have legal power or authority of any
Kind, was repealed. ‘J be position assumed, that Con-
gross had no moral right to enact such repeal, was
suange enough, and singulstly so in view of tbo fact
that Ute argument camu trout those wbo npeoly refus
ed obedience to existing laws of the laud, having the
same popnlar designation and quality as coinptumisc
arts—nav, more, who unequivocally dLregaided and
condemned the most positive acd obligatory injunc-
tiuoauf tiic Coustiiution iUelf, aod sought, by every
means within their reach, to deprive a portion of [their
■ of those rights
fuuda-
Of course, these imputations on the intentions of
Congress in this respect, conceived as they were in pre
judice, and disseminated in passion, are utterly desti
tute of any justification in the nature of things, and cou-
trefy toail tbe fundamental doctrines and principles of
civil liberty and self-government.
While, therefore, m general, the people of the North
ern Slates have never, at any time, arrogated for the
federal government the power to interfere directly with
the domestic condition of person* in tbe Southern
States, but on the contrary bare disavowed all such
intentions, nnd have shrunk from conspicuous affilia
tions with those few who pursue their fanatical objects
avowedly through the contemplated means of- revolu
tionary change of the government, and with accep
tance of the necessary consequences—a ciril nnd ter-
vile war—yet many citixens bavo suffered themselves
to be drawn into onccrancesent political issueofngita-
tion after another, appertaining to the saute ret of opin
ions, aud which subsided as rapidly us they arose when
it came to be seeu, as il uniformly did. that thev were
incompatible with Ihe compacts of the Constitution
and the existence of the Union. Thns, when tbe acts
of some of the States to nullifying the existing extra
dition law imposed upon Congress the duty of passing
a new one, the countiy was invited by agitation to
enter info party organization for its repeal; but that
agitation speedily ceased by reason of the impractica
bility of its object. So, wbeu tbe statnte restriction
upon the institution of new Stater, by a geographical
line, bad been repealed, the country was urged to de
mand it* restoration, aud that project also died almost
with its birth. Then followed tbe cry of alarm from
the North against imputed Southern' encroachments :
which cry sprang in reality from the spirit of revolu
tionary attack on the domestic institutions of the South,
and alter a troubled existence of a few months, has
been rebuked by tbe voice of a patriotic people.
Troubles In Kansas.
RriJhu’■Htreewveiy against me coest:-
-n. ® '* 01 nearly one-half of the thirty-one
■"otj or ibe Slavery fgnescion.
»’"*>» r ^ ac, s of indirect aggression, the
■ -n&fct , ugitution, by cJi'zens 'of the
-•(ti-ara. 11U Ueogrcra uud out ci| it, of the quee-
J*ta£./ , !' ar ' c 'P m ' : '>n in the southern Status.
fi’'!?. P a 'b Ot *ri| (.-oneisted of
****><»* ot' 110 Northern Stale*, and in be' ernl jt
^ f VF D “fon 1 s» aimed U> facilitate tbp C*.
T' Hni-in ii " lo rervice in tile Sotitfic ri States,
it* law n, • r extradition when iciitilrartl accor-
'* J n vtritip ol express provision* of the
, Sttttj ar J ,| 1 Promote this object, ligU.utiro #n-
ti-liu !Tf xrreaRs ivereudopied l«» lako away
'jol. la urd-V'T- Uonstituiioh solemaly gnat*
fihcottn-;' ^'"nuliiy *be then existingaet ofCon-
" 'ncextiudition of fugitives from ref.
S'*'' S' Ftales, forbidding their
i? * ** patiaUies. to participate in
f- titt m kc 0 Uongrese whatever. Iu this
v.^ltoriii,.«t^K v7"-' ,aioM ' co^erStion betw-rep
t* l,,f " f the main? P n,!,,1 Htale* and of the several
' -e Vinci, „? mtvtOBiieo of their, ooaiwou ruatriu-
v mrs ° rtl,e Re P llbiic '
h*?S**“ S'MsM* C3C> e 16 bo fre-
tVlfcompelU*!, fortbesup-
*ii! a, * 1< rize q,'- 1110D '* nd 11)0 vindtearion of itspuw-
■ ’he eiLv:“. np Pl?! u,m «'' t ' of new
». aaw * Uuv: * cnurir-
fellow-citizens of tbp equal enjoyment of those
nnd privileges gnraraniied alike to all by tbe
im-nial coujpuc! ol our Union.
This argument against tbe repeal of tbe ststuto line
in question, was accompanied by another of congenial
character, and equally with the former destitute of
foundation iu reason aod truth. It was imputed that
the measure originated in the conception ot extending
the limits of slave labor beyond those previously as
signed to it, aud that such was its uaiural as well as
intended effect; and ihese baseless assumptions were
nude, iu tbo northern States, tba ground of unceasing
assault upon cutuiituticasi right.
The repeal in terms of a statute, which was already
obsolete, and also mill for unconslitutionaltty, could
have no mllueueo to obstruct or to promote thepropa-
gatiouof conlltctiog views ol political or social institu
tions. When the act organising the Territories of
Kaunas und Jifebnuku was psswod tbo inherent cfloct
upon tint portion oftbe public domain thus ojtened to
legal settlement, was to admit settlers from nil the
duties or the Uniou alike, each with lmr convictions ol
public policy uud private iuterest, there to found in
tbeir discretion, subject to such limitations ns the
Coostitotion end acts of Congress might prescribe,
new States, bere-after to be admitted into the Luton 1
It was a tree held, open alike to all, whether tho stat
ute Itoeofessunied leatrictiou wero repealed or not.
That icjteal did not open to free competition of the di
verse opinion and domestic institutions a Held, which,
without such rejieal, would bare been dosed against
them; itlouud that Held of competiou already opened,
tn/act nnd in law. All tbe repeal did was to relieve
tbe statuta book of an okyectiouable enactment, uncon
stitutional in effect, and injurious iu terms to a large
portion of tbe States. •
1 It is the feet, that, in all the unsettled regions of tho
U iff led fjtale*, if emigration be but free to act in this
tespert for itself, without legal prohibitions TO cither
side, slave labor will spontaneously go everywhere, in
pretercnce to dec labor r Isit tbe fact, tbst tbo pecu-
itsr domestic instilutioasof the dombem states pos-
se.-s relatively so msch of vigor that, wheresoever an
avdnuo is freely open to nil the world, they will P* De
trale to the exclusion oftbore ot the Northern -dates.
Is it theluct, that the former enjoy, compared with th
inner, such irresistibly superior vitality, fodapsraUnt
of.clitnate. soil, sud all other accidental on corn fiances,
aa lo be able to produce thu supposed result, m r-pdeol
Ibeussumed moral aud natural obstades to its occom-
nlitbmtfnt, und of ths more m terous jmpulalion W
the Northern States? - '.
1 be nreaniont of those wbo sdrocate the enactment
ofnow ia»sol restriction, audpondemn tbs repeal oi
old onekln effect, aver* that tbeir par.icnl.tr views ol
gore, nnieut bavo no self extending or ” ? -;^ ta .‘ l " n ^
; iver ol ilHie own, and Will gouonhere unless tore o
ov ac of Conga— S. And if Congrsssd* but pause lor
^.^Klicr of stern /cosrsion : il it • ‘ - 1 '
• , irvUre expetinient ofleaviDgnientojo-lgeforihem-
olves v*bat t'.Mltuiions will be=t t edit them; if it be
nut -strsinee
[Kiut; if ft
spirit of hte
, xtend Mavc
Jtilted Malt
OF this last ngitatien, one lamentable feature was,
that it was earned on at the immediate expense of the
peace and happiness of the people of the Territory of
Kansas. That was made the battle-field, not so much
of opposing factions or interests within itself, as of the
eontlieting passions of the whole people of tho United
State*. Revolutionary disorder in Kansas had its
origin in projects ofinterTention, deliberately arranged
by certain members of that Congress which enacted
the law for the organization of tbe Territory. And
when propagandist colonization of Kansas bad thns
been undertaken in one section oftbe Union, for the
systematic promotion of its peculiar views of policy,
there ensued, as a matter ol course, a counteraction
with opposite views, in other sections of the Union.
Iu consequence of these and other incidents, many
set* of disorder, it Is undeniable, bare been perpetrated
iu Kansas, to the occasional interruption, ratbrr than
the permanent suspension, of regular government.—
Aggressive and most reprehensible incursions into the
Territory were undertaken, both in tbe North and the
South, and entered it on its northern border by t be way
of Iowa, os well os on the eastern by the war of Missou
ri; and there has existed within it a state of insurrection
against tbe constituted authorities, not without coun
tenance from inconsiderate persons in each of the great
sections of tbe Uuton. But the difficulties in tbe Ter
ritory h*ve been extravagantly exaggerated for purpo
ses of political agitation elsewhere. " Tbe number and
gravity of Ihe acts of violence hare been magnified,
l«irtly by statements entirely untrue, and partly bv re
iterated accounts of the samo rumors or facts. Thus
the Territory has been seemingly filled with extreme
violence, when the whole amount ot such nets has not
been greater than wbat occasionally passes before us iu
siogle cities to tbs regret of all goodyutizena, but with
out being regarded as of general or political conse
quence.
Imputed irregularities ia tbe elections had in Kan
sas, like occasional irregnlarities of the same descrip
tion in tbe States, were beyond tbe sphere ol action of
the Exicutivc. But incidents of actual violence, or of
organized obstruction of law, pertinaciously renewed
from time to time, bare been met as tbey occurred, by
such means as were available and as the circumstances
required; and nothing of. this character now remaius
to affect tbe gencraf peace of the Union. The attempt
of a part of tbo inhabitants of tbe Territory to erect a
volutiouarv government, though sedulously encour
aged and supplied with pecuniary aid from active
agents of disorder in some of the States, has complete
ly failed. Bodies of armed men, foreign to the Terri
tory, hare been prevented from entering or compelled
to leave it. Predatory bands, engaged in acts of ra
tine, under cover ol the existing political disturbances,
taro been arrested or dispersed. And every well dis
posed person is now enzblcd once more to Unvote him
self in peace to the pnrsuita of honest industry, for tho
prosecution of which he undertook to participate iu tho
settlement of the Territory.
It affords me unmingfed satisfaction thus to an
nounce tho peaceful condition of things in Kansas, es
pecially considering tho means to which it was neces
sary to bavo recourse for the attainment of the end,
namely, the employment of a part of the military force
of the United States. The withdrawal of that force
from it* proper duty, of defending the country against
foreign foes or the savages of the frontier, to employ it
for tbe suppression .of domestic insurrection, is, when
the exigency occurs, a matter of tbe most earnest solic
itude. On this occasion of imperative necessity, it has
been done with the best results, and my aatislaction in
the attainment of such results, by such means, is great
ly enhanced by the consideration that, through tbe
wisdom and energy of the present Executive ol Kan
sas, and the prudence, firmness and vigilance of tbe
military officers on duty there, tranquility has been
restored, without one drop of blood having been
shed in its accomplishment bv the forces of the Uuited
States.
The restoration of comparative tranquility in that
Territory furnishes the means of obsemng calmly ami
appreciating their just value, tbe events which have oc-
euri ed there, und the discussions of which the - govern
ment of the Territory has been tbe subject.
We peroeive that controversy concerning its future
domestic institutions, was inevitable; that no human
prudence, that no form of legislation, no wisdom on
the part of Congress, could bare prevented this. It is
idle to suppose that the particular provisions of their
organic law were the cause of agitation. Those pro-
visions were but the occasion, or tbe pretext of an agi
tation, which was inherent in the nature of things.
CongrAas legislated MiBBt subject in such terms
were most consonant with tbe principles of populai
sovereignty which underlies our govei nment. It could
uot have legislated otherwise without doing violence to
Mother gnat principle of our institutions, tbe inpre-
scriotible right ol the equality of the several States.
We petceire, also, that sectional interests nnd party
passions, bare been tbe great impediment to the saltH
uty operation of tbe organic principles adopted, and
the chief cause of the successive distuiuunces ia
Kansas. Tbe assumption that, because in tbe organ!
notion of the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas, Con
gress abstained from imjiosing restraints upon them to
which certain other Territories had been subject, there
fore disorders occurred in the latter Territory, is em
phatically contradicted by the fact that none have occur
red in the former. Those disorders were not tbe con-
sequence, in Kansas, of tho freedom orself-gorernment
conceded to that Territory by Congress, but of unjust
interference on the port of persons not inhabitants of
tbe Territory. Such inlet ference, whoever it has ex
bibited itself, by sets of insurrectionary character, or
of obstruction to processes of law, has been repelled or
suppressed, by all tbe means which tbe Constitution
and laws place in tbe hands of the Executive.
iu those pat ts of the United .States, where, by rea
son of the inflamed state of tbe public mind, false Tu
mors and misrepresentations have the greatest curren
cy, it has been assumed that it was the duty oftbe Ex
ecutive not ouly to suppress insurrectionary move
ments in Kansas, but also to see to tbq regularity ol lo
cal elections. It needs little argument to sbowthat the
President has no such power. All goreroment io Ihe
United States rests substantially upon popular election.
The freedom of elections is liable lo be impaired by the
intrusion of unlawful voles, or the exclusion of lawful
ones, by improper influence, by violence, or by fraud.
But the people of the United .States are themselves tbe
all sufficient guardians of their rights; and to suppose
that they will not remedy in dne seasau, any such inci
dents ol civil freedom, is to suppose them to bare ceas
ed to be capable of self-government. Tho President <il
the United /States has uot the power to interpose in
elections, to see to their freedom, to canvas* tbeir votes
or lo pass upon their legality in the Territories any
more tboo in the States. Jfbe had such power the
K rcrnmant might be republican in form, but it would
a monarchy in fact; and if ho had undertaken lo
exercise it in tho caso of Kansas, he would bare been
justly subject] to ths charge of usurpation, and of vio
lation of the dearest rights oftbe people of lira United
Suites.
Unwise laws, equally with irregularities at election*,
are, in jieriods of great excitement, the occasional inci
dents of even tbe freest and best political institutions.
But all experience demonstrates that in a couutiy like
ogre, where the right of self-constitution exists m the
completed form, tbe attempt to remedy unwise legis
lation by a resort to revolution, is totally out of place;
inasmuch as existing legal institutions aiford more
prompt and efficacious means for tbe redress of wrong
1 confidently trust that now when the peaceful con
dition of Kansas affords opportunity for calm reflection
and wise legislation, either the legislative assembly of
tbe Territory, ur Congress, wjt see that no act shailro-
maiii on Its statue-book violative of the provisions of
tbe Constitution, or subrereive of the great objects for
which that was ordained and established^ and will
take all other necesssry steps to assure to its inhabi
tants tbe enjoyment, without obstruction or abridg
ment, of all the constitutional right*, pririlege", and
immunities of citizens of the United Stales, as enntem-
Uuring the fiscal rear the rteehit* from cu-t'tti* | r<md company, nnd commend to their early and fo-
were for Ihe first liiiie. more tlfan' aixtv four million I VAWlile c-misideratibn the suggestions of that officer
of dollar*, and from all source*, seventy-three million I in relation to new contracts for mail transportation
nine h.uftdred and oighteeu.tbnusand one hundred and L unon that route, and also upou the Tehuantepec and
forty-due dollar*; which, with the Wane* on : hand 'up [ Nicaragua' routes.
to the 1st of July, ls.V>, made the total resources
the year amount lo ninety-two million eight hundf«I
and fifty thousand one hmtdred nod --rentsort (foliar*.
Foreign ISclations
-lire United-States continue in flic enjoyment of
The expenditures, including tinee million of dollars in I amjcHbii- rclations with all.foreign powers*,
execution of tbe treaty with Mexico, ntnl' jpdlitding I 'Uheu my Mat annual message wits transmitted to
sums naid on Ar .h A wnblte rf/hf. enJn'Hod' in Congress, two subjects of controversy, one relating
four hundred .*! one dollBry .^ including ;ho <af. j
the Upitcd State* and (Ire.-tt Britain. Of the pri
•fress mid terraitia/ioii of tho former question yo
were informed at tho time.; and tho other is now la
the w«y of satisfactory adjustment.
Tire object ot the convention between the United
states and (/rent Britain ofthuilUh of April, 1850,
was to seenre forth* benefit of nil nations, the nett
irality nnd the common use of any transit way, or
InferocOitBirt communication acres* tho istlmuls of
Ihuiama, which might bo opened within the limits
ter, to seventy-two million nin« : hundred uncj forty
eight thousand seven hundred and ninety-two Julian',
the payment on this account having "amounted to
twelve milhou seven hundred and peventy-six thoti' 1 '
sand three hundred and ninety dollars
On tho 4th of March, 1833, tho amount of the pnblie
'debt was sixty-nine millions one hundred and twon
ty-niuc thousand ntnehnndred'mid thirty-seven del
lire. Thorn trail u subsequeti! increase of two mil
lions seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars for-
fho debt of Tttta—making a total of seventy one I ol'.Coutral Amerhyi. Tho ureteuaions subsequently
million eight hundred and se.vonty-iimp thousand asserted by Great Britain, to dominion or control
nine hundred and thirty-seven t dollars. Of this the over territories, in or near two of the routes, thoso
sum of forty-fivo million five hundred and twenty- J ,>jXiotrugtid mill Honduras, were deemed by tbe
five thousand three hundred and nineteen dollars, I United States not merely incompatible with the maiu
iiicltidiiig premium, lias been discharged, reducing object oftbe treaty, but otqmtted even to its express
tbe debt to thirty million sevfiW hundred-nud-thirtyr I stipulations. Occasion of.controversy on this point
seven thousand one hnudred aud twenty-nine dol- I fins Ijoeo removed hv so additional treaty, which
lare; *11 which might be paid witliin .-i year without I ol ir mii-i-ter at London lias concluded, tad which
embarrassing the public servieo, but being not vet I wiil b« immediately submitted to the Senate for its
dne, aud only redeemable at tire option of the hofd- J roosideratim). rihould tho proposed supplimwital
er, cannot be pressed to pnviheut by the govern- I arrangement be concurred in by nil the parties to l»o
metlt; _ . ' . 1 | affeetorl byif the'object* ronti-mplstcd by the orii;-
On examining the expenditures of the Ja*t fiv
years; it will be seen that the tt Vers go.'tied (toting
payment? on account of the jiulijic debt and ten
millions paid by treaty to Mexico! Ims been hut
about forty-eight million dollars. It L believed
that, under an economical administration of tlio gov
ernment, the average expenditure -for -the ensuing
five years will pot exceed that stmt, unless qpf inor
dinary occasion for its increase should occur. Thu
acts granting bounty land* will soon have boon exe
cuted, while tho extension of our frontier settlements
will canso a continued demand for la'nfld Aim ititg-
inal convention will have been fully attained-
The treaty between the United "elates and Great
Britain, of iho 5th of June, 1854, which went into
effective operation in 1855, put an end to causes of
irritation between the two countries by securing to
the United States the right of fishery on the coast of
tho British North American provinces, with advan
tages equal to those enjoyod by British subjects. Be
sides the signal benefits ol the treaty to a large class
of our citizens 'engaged in a pursnit connected to no
iueoiistderable degree -with our untiomil prosperity
^^HHPHand strength, it has had a favorable effect upon other
meuted receipts, probably from that scarce. These I interest.- in tho provision it liindo for reciprocal t'ree-
considemtions will justify a reduction of the reyen tic il»m of trado'bettveon- the Uiiited States and tbe Itrit-
from customs, so as mit to exceed fortyleigb tor fifty 1 isb provinces in America.
million dollars. -I think tbo exigency tor such redttc- I Tbe exports of domestic articles, to those provinces
tion is imperative, and again urge it upontb-- coii- I during the last year amounted to mnro than twenty
,iteration of Colfigress. . I.ttko millions of dollnrs, exceeding those of-the pfe
The amount df reduction, as well as the , maimer I ceding year by nearly seven million of dollars; end
of effecting it, are questions of great nnd general iu- I the imports therefrom, during the same period,
terest; it being essential to industrial enterprise and amounted to inure than twenty-one millions—ail iu-
tho public prosperity, as well as the dictate jefob- crease of six millions iipoii.tlmse of the previous year,
vious justict, that jhu burden of taxation be made to I The improved condition of this branch of ourcom-
rest as equally as possible upon all classes, and fill merce 'U mainly attributable to the above mentioned
sections ami interests oftbe country. 1.1 cult LtyeaiY.
-I have lierstofore recommeuded to your causld'-’p" l»rovision wits made, in' thV first article* of ilm’.
oration tho revisjun of tho reveutto laws, prepared treaty, fora commission to dcsiguitn the mouths'of
under tho Uirectioii of the Secretary of the Treastt I the rivers to which the common right of fishery, on
ry, and also legislation upon some special qUeettiw* [ tho const of the United States and the British PrO-
affectiog the business or that deportment, more es- I vioces, was. riot to extend. This commission has
peeially tbe eiiaetDtept of » law to ptmisli the sb- I been employed u part of two seasons, but without
t-traction ■ ■ or papers from the files of mui-h |tnigri-sslti Rccoinplislinig th* object for which
tho government, mid requiring all sucli books and Lit was instituted, in con.-cqueiK-e of a ieriouH .differ-
nil other public property to be tn rued over by the I cnee of opinion between the commissioners, not ouly
out-coinv offic( r to his-successor: of n law renuiriiJtfM «« t.rthi, nrei-oo nsiot trlit-r* tlis ri vers T enoin.-i h•
are com’eniently AcCessihie-. I-resort to -tliuutapiVago providedforbv tho trinity
existing penal provisions to nil j . 'Tho efforts pvreeveripglv prosecuted siiu-e the
Como possessed ot public money j oomuiem-onieot of iny iidmini -tratibn, to relieve our
wise, und who shall refuse or ne- trade |o Ihe Baltic from tho exaction of sound due*
nd, to pay the same into the- freas- I-by Ij|or.mark t have not. yet been attended with site-
attention anew to eirf-h offhesw ] c"s-. Other g<• veriiweiife. havq also sought to ob
tsifl 6 like l'Girf to titeir cotdnierce, nml Deiimnrk
The Anriy. I:>vhsthus. induvml to propose au jrratigcmyttt to nil
. ,. I tlie EuropeanI’ow'ers intrrfisted'lu tfie sulnficf: niid
The array ilunng the- past vear has been sb con- I t ; H , m-inper iritvhicit Iter iiroposition was: loceivcd,
stxnlly cfiiployed against hostile InrUaits w vtarldus jvan-auJing.lier to believe flint a .satisfactory arrauge-
qnartere, that it causcerccly be said, with. nropn< f t?*'j'SSf witbtliein could so.in be com-lmled. she made
of language, to have been a peace establishment.
ries, where the si
and a law to ext
tereons who inn
»jr deposit or otl:
gleet, on due dei'
ury. I invite yl
object*.
Its duties have been satisfactorily performed,. and
we have reason to expect, as a result of flic yealp'a
operations, greater security to thu frontier iuliabi
tauts than lias been hitherto enjoyed. Exten-cv.
combumtiuus among the hostile tnduiqs of the Ter
ritories of Washington aud Oregon at orip time
threatened the devastation of tin* newly fontu.-d set
tlements of that remote portion of the cpuutfjrj—
merit With flii-in could soon be eoiichidt-d, -lib made
ustrong appeal to tliU favenunwIilM temporary
suspem-ipu of d(fii)itcSncttpii| on its ptvrt.in.censider: -
iidhoTthe embarrassment which might result to her
European negotiations by tin iimricdtate adjustment
of the question with the United States. This request
ha* been.'acceded to, upon tl«f oouditinn -that the
.snins.rolleftatl after the I Bill of June fast, and until
fhfi' lotlt of .Inno next, from vessels shit cargos be
lnngiug vr our tuyrelisots, tiro to le* (HUisiiloretl as
From recent iiifocmation, we are permitted tpiiobe 1 paid under protest anil subject to future adjustment,
that the energetic and successfuloperations conduct-. -rt ier( ; ; s - reason lo brlieve'thnt an arrMigcment, be
ed thero will prevent such combinations in fi|ture, j W een Deimiark and the maritime power* of Eiiropc
and to secure to those Tenritones an opportunity to' „„ Stl bj,. ( -t. will bu soon concluded; and that
make steady progress m the develepeincnl ot their, jj,,,pending-tiegotiiitkm will) the United trtates may
Paris. I have tho >atisfaetion of -t-iting, however,
that the Emperor of Rua.-ia has eutircly and explic
itly nppr>,v«u of that modificatioa aud will co-oper
ate In endeavoring to obtain the assentof other pow
ers; and that itamnaee of a similar purport have
been received in relation to tho disposition of tbe
Emperor of tho French.
Tn« present aspect of that* important subject al
low* us to cherish the hope that a principle so hu
mane in its character, so just ainl equal in its op
eration, so essential to the prosperity of commercial
nations, and so consnnnut to tho rentimeat* of this
enlightened period of the wiwld, will command tho
approbation of all maritime jnovera, and thus be in
corporated into tbo code of international law.
Jly views on this subject are more fully set forth
iu Iho reply of the -Secretary of State, a copy of which
is herewith transmitted, to the communication on tbe
Subject made to this government, especially to the
communication of France-
Foreign American States.
The government of tbo United States has at nil
times regarded with friendly interest the other States
of America, formerly, like this country, European
colonies, and now independent members oftbe great
family of nations. But tho unsettled condition of
some of them, distractod by frequent, revolutions
und thus incapable of regular and firm intcruational
administration,has tended toembarrass occasionally
our public intercourse, by reason of wrongs which
to the less happy condition of other,republics]hi A-
merioa, and to place ourselves in the calmness and
ctmsc ions dignity of right by the -ide of the greatest
and wealthiest of the empires of Europe. In our do
mestic relation*; we have to guard against tin-shock
of tlio discontent's, the ambitions, tbo,interests, and
the exuberant, and. therefore, sometimes irregular
impulses of opinion, or of action, which are the natu
ral product of the present political elevation, the self-
reliance and tin 1 resile— spirit of enterprise of the
people of tlio'United S?tjlt<-s.
I sbell prepare to Mim-nder the Executive trust to
my successor, and retire to private life with senti
ment* of profound gratitude to the good Providence
Which, during the period of toy administration, has
vouchsafed to carry the country through mauy diffi
culties. domestic and foreign, and to enable me to
contemplate the spectacle of amicable and respect
ful relations between our> and all other governments,
and the e-tnbli.-hment of constitutional order and
tranquility throughout Iho Union.
FRANKLIN BIERCE.
WxaiitsGTON. Dec, 3, I g.'ri.
PLANTATION 1-OK liKNT.
a sl
It HE Plantation known as tire •.‘Old Baber Place. 1
nov 3.-.--U
Messenger
JOHN RUTHERFORD,
of Macon.
ropy ; time*.
riiHE
J. ? or 8 miles from Macon, is for Kent the ensu-
_ ing year. 1,00u acres in flic place—-430 to 500 acres
our citizens suffer at their hands, and which they are I have been cleared. Apply to
slow to redress. 1 ''''' v
Unfortunately it is against the Republic of Mexi
co, with which it is our special desire to maintain a
good umleretAUdhig, that such complaiuta are most n Ti
morous ; and although earnestly urged upon its atten
tion, thev have not as yet received Ihe consideration
wliieh this government*had a right to expect. While
reparation for past injuries lias been withheld, others
have beeu added. The political condition of that
country, however, litis been such as to demuttd for
bearance on the part of tho United State*. I shall
W1NSH1P, ittlSS cV. COLh'MAN,
Wholesale umi Ketull healers in
FANCY, if S TABLE
DRY GOODS.
4 RE daily receiving their uatwtl supply of F'AN-
CV A STAPLE D1IY GOODS for the Fall Sc
continue iny efforts to procure fur the wrong.* of onr Winter Trade. Tbeir customers and the public ara
citizens that redress which i* indispensable to tho I invited fn call and examine their Stock,
continued friendly association of the two republics. 1 enonr wins on-, geo. 'v. «oss, s.vm l. t. Cat-KHfZ.
The peculiar condition of affairs in Nicaragua in Seqrtmnlrer. 9th.
the early part oftbe present year, rendered it impor
tant that this government should have diplomatic re
lations with that State. Through its territory has
beeu opened ono of the principal thoroughfare*
across tile isthmus connecting North nnd South A-
liierica, on which a vast amount ol property was
transported, and to which our citizens resorted in
great numbers, iu .passing between "
Pacific coasts of tlie United States ~
Milk Kobe*.
J 'UjsT received K.3 Fill; Robes—varving from 816
to 8100. WINSHIP, BOSS A COLEMAN,
sept 9 . —
To Mci'clinnis.
FI have purchased and lire daily receiviti" a
' <,1, ,, ,bl "\Y7"E have purchased and are daily receiving a
. orirae b.n !' W large stock of goods, exprcs-ly" for tlie J?*b-
IkjIIi reo'uired that the exi'tioe Aower iV tint <tate '’iagtrartc. MereIttWiiwillfaavo »,■ opportunity ot
IreplenLshiug their stock without the trouble of or-
should be regarded as a reaponsibio government; i , •. -. _ . , . „
and its miuiater was accordingly received. B..t he w y?JL“ 1 f "Tt,, ^
remained here only a short tune. So(m thereafter ‘ ‘cm lrmn . e ...J\ A /oh
the politioal affairs of Nicaragua umlcrwent uufavor- I se T t9 " I-'''-'” 11 ’- U0S8 * COLEMAN,
able change, aud became involved in much uncer
tainty mid confusion. Diplomatic representatives
from two contending parties huvo been recently sent
to this government; but, with the imperfect infor
mation possessed, it was not possible to decide which
was the government dcfada; and,. awaiting further
developments. I have refused to receive either.
Questions of the most serious nature arc pending
between the United Slates and tho Hcpubiic of New
Granada. The government of that republic under
took, a year sifice, to imposo tonnage duties on for
eign vessels iu her ports, .bjit the purpose was resist
e<l by this government, as being contrary to existing
treaty stipulation with tlio United States, nnd to rights
Carpets aiut Rugs.
T APESTRY, Velvet, Itrnssel*, a Ply and Ingrain
Carpetings -. Druggets, lings, io.. just received
t WINS HIT*, ROSS* COLEMAN.
sept 9 , •
BHutkets anti Kersey*.
P LANTERS will do well to call and examine our
stock of Negro Blankets and Kerseys before
purchasing. W1NS1IU*. ROSS A COLEMAN.
sept ;> . ■ * .
Worstc«l Ore** Ooods.
A LARGE assortment of French and English ule-
, , i"\. rim-. 1 >■ t..iii,.Viu<t received
conferred by charter upon tho Panama Railroad | g aM l off < . r taw low at *
Company, and was accordingly relinquished at that tept " WIN3HIP, ROSS 5 COLEMAN,
time, it being admitted that our vessel* were entitled Messenger nnd Citizen copy.
to ho exempt from tonnage duty in the free ports of I ° , ,
Panama and Aspitiwall. Bril the purpose has beeu I CASH S'J'OKE.
NEW SPRING GOODS.
T HE Subscriber is now receiving n new nnd hand
some Stock of Fancy and Staple
DEY GfOODS,
suitable for the Spring and Summer Trade, among
plated by tbe organic law of the Territory-
Full infonnalmn ia relation (o recent trouts in this
agricultural aud mineral resources.
Legislation lias been rccouiuiciided hv mo on pro
vious occasions to cure detect* in the existing or
ganization, and to increase the cfliciency of tin-
army, aud further observation Jins hut served
to confirm me iu tho view* then expressed, and to
enforce on my mind the conviction that such nicas-
ures are not only proper, hut necessary. _
I iiAve, in addition, to invito tho attention of Con- I uioro speedv settlement of local disputes growing
gres* to a change of policy in the distribution ol out of th.-it lntfireourse.hiive uol vet hern attended
troop*, and to tho necessity ot providing a more ryp-_ 11 nnv ros ults
then be res.uuied gtni t(,-rmiimtod iu satisfactory man
With Spain no new difficulties have arisen, nor lias
much progress been madeintlie adjustment of pend
ing ojhm. , ..
Negotiations eitered into for the purpose of reliev
ing our'coimuer-brt intereourso with tto- Island id'
Cuba of 4pmo pf it*.Iimdaus, and providing tor the
id increase of tho military "armament. For details: of
thoso and other subjects reiatiug to thc.ormy, I re
ferto the report of the Secretary of War.
The Nary;
The condition of the navy is not merely satis fa
Bights of .V'cnfrals.
boon after the comnenceinent of tho late war in
Europe this government submitted to the considera
tion »f all maritime nation*'two principle* for tho
tore, but exhibit* tl « must "gratifying evidences of ‘‘.ewrUy ofneutral commerceone, that the neutral
increased vigor. As it is comparatively small, fit) i* Z'IsZ .Thti£ rntraTnio
more important that it should he as complete**pris- eonta.ihand o n ar. and the othcr, that lu ntral prj -
•thlnfai ill tlu, «l,.mr.„(s ml. tL,t t( .i.A„tH: I J>«rty on lward merchant vessels or belligerent
should be exempt from condemnation, with file ex
ception of contraband articles. These were not pre
sented as new rules uf international law: having
been generally claimed by neutrals, though not til-
ways'admitted by belligereuta. Onc id the parties
•iblo in all the olemeuts of strength; that it should
be efficient in the character of officers, in the zeal
and dhseipUnb of its men, in the reliability of its or
dinance, and in tbe rapacity of it* ships. In all
these various qualities the navy has mai e great pro
gress within the last few years. The execution of
the law of Congress, of February 38,11jj5, "ito pr->-
to the wa^—Russia—as well as several neutral now-
aUrtd»k^OT.agg«.Sfci
tion of fh* Period of their enlistment, and pormhiipg : ^ rUn \„ Kram'C.'iu common with
hMrtbfiulff aped of the state* of,Europe, while forbearing to re
inflnence^ ^ThVappreiitiee^syetam recemly^adilptcd ^ «»
is evidently destined to iueorporate into tho service
■I ■; as n .Trarri •' While tlte question weq : iathfo posUion, the rep-
% namo r uf our uitlK.rttwto .uiii] j nf Riiiulii Franoi* Grcit liritAin Vn**-
calt toprocuru. Sovciral bundred ,Anu*ruy»ii bo».J ; .Sardinia, and Turkey,-fiminbled at
ittl Baris, took into consideration tho Subject ol mari,
sets, and will return wul-lrainei seamen.. Jn: tho J ri, n i» rights. A nd nut forth a declaration containin',
ordoauco depaituient there i* a decided and gratify- , hu twu priuciplei which tbis government had sub
mg indication or progress creihtable to it and 1o tiiri . ‘ d.. v „„ ic, r> to tho consider*
country. Tto riftatooftbe Secretary, of the
ftHL *"r f lowing projiGiitions • I'rivatcoring is nod remain*
brunch of the ser\ ice, 1 < omtm.nd to our farorrtbli J a ^ 0 ]i s | u .,( ' m „i •< Blockades, iu order to bo biuditi
,J? n ' - - , ,, ,, ffitist be etfective, that is to sny, maintained by
.n X « SSSES^4SSJfSrr <crc sufficient really U> prevent access to.ibe opast
alloSt, and two ofThem i.i actno somub Thcfan. 0 f thu enemvand to the declaration flm* coin-
superior model* of naval ardnteoure, and w.tl, tbeir . j ff f ..(Whl.-li had already been
formnUble battery ad^ largely to public strength I bv „,e Uoited States. this govcrnmi.t has
anil security. . . .. „ . i . I been invited to accede by all the powers represented
« l’arl*. except Groat Britain and Turkey. Jo the
oftbe Department m favor ol a still lurtlier increase i^pof lhe two additional propositions—that iu rcla-
ot our naval wreo. | t j on tQ idocgadcs-vtiiere can certainly bo no objec-
Hrin. ‘It is ni'ereh" the dcfiiiitioii of what shall eon-
stiluto the i-tfeuttrill iuvet-nneut ofn blockaded place,
a definition fur ybicb this government lias always
crintetided. claiming indemnity for losses where a
recently revived, on the part of New Granada, by
llio enactment of a law to "subject vessels visiting
her ports to the tonnage duty of forty cents per ton;
and, although the law has not been put in force, yet
the right to enforce.itis'still asserted, aud may, at
any time, be acted on by the. government of that re
pnblie. J • • ’ t _
The Congress of New Granada has also enacted a which will be found almost every article in that line,
law, during the last year, which levies a tax of more | which he intends to offer on the best terms. Also a.
than three dollars on everv pound of mail matter [goodStock of FARl’ETING, OIL L'LOTHS,PA-
trausported across the Isthmus. The sum thus re- I PER HANGINGS, WINDOW SHADES, Ac
quired to be paid on the mails of the United States _ Hi~ friends aud the pubUc nrc requested to give
would bo nearly two millions of dollars a initially, in I him a call. GEO. W. PRICE,
addition to th'e lafge sum payable by centr»c< Wtto L;, mat 4 Macon, Ga.
Panama Railroad Company.-.If tlio only ,,l.j.-,-ti..u ' __ _ _ __ _ _ _ —
to this exaction were the exorbitancy of "its amount JxIAIdL i ADS H A T.T.'R
it could not bo submitted"to by tlio United States. I WHOLESALE \ND RETA11,
The imposition ofit.howevcr, would obvionsly con- T ,-ix-rr { , r\r\~r\cs rt rre ATI T~l
travene our treaty with New Granada, and infringe I I j I \, Y (t( )( / I liS S, | I I | c p,
tho contract of tint republic with the Panama Kail I X1 i_J.VotA4.LJj
Rond Company. Tho law providing for this tax was, j jCflEBRT STREET, Macon, Ga.
by its terms, to take effect on tlio tirst of September I TTl-'4 stock is nmole and assortment complete,
last, but the local-Authorities 1 on the isthmus have J_jL Those purchasing at Wholesale, or by the en-
been induced to suspend its execution, und to await tire piece, shall be allowed a good discount from tho
further instruction* on the subject from the govern- Retail price—both of which shall be as low as any
ment of th* republic. 1 am not vet advised of tho in this market. Please call nnd examine the Goods,
determination of that government. If a measure so j apl 1-ly
extraordinary in it* character and so clearly contra
ry to tre ity stipulation-, and the contract rights of
the Pttuama Rail Road Coiapany; composcd- inostly
uf American citizens, should he persisted in, it will
he the duty of tfie United States to resist its execu
tion.
i regret exceedingly that occasion exists to invite
your attention to a subject of still graver import in
our relations with the Republic of New Granada.
On the fifteenth day of April last, a riotous assem
blage of the inhabitant* of Panama committed a vio
lent aud outrageous attack on the premises of the
rail road company, and the passengers and other
persons in or near the same, involving tho death of
several citizens of the United State*, tho pillage of
many other*, and the destruction of a large nmouut
of property lieloitsfiiig to the rail road cnuipfnr, I
caused full investigation of that event to be made,
and the result shows satisfactorily that.complete re
spousibility for what occurred attaches to the gov
ernment of New Granada. I have, therefore, do-
mamled of that government that tho perpetrators of
tho wrongs iu question' should be punished, that pro
vision should be made for the families of citizens of
the United States who were killed, with full indemn
ity for the property pillaged or destroyed.
Tbo present condition of the Isiliunis of Panama,
in so far as regards tbe security of persons and prop
erty passing over it, requires serious cousideration.
Recent incidents tend to stow that the local authori-
bacoiy: baco.y:
fin A LBS- Clear Side*,
/ U.UUU 10,'ton lbs. Shoulders,
8,000 lbs. Hums,
100 ltbls. Stuarts A & B Sugar,
10 Hhds. St. Crqix
5 Case* Loaf “
300 Sacks superior Rio Coffee,
10 do --Oid Government" Java Coffee,
10 do Ltiguyra Coffee,
300 do Superfine Flour.
I3o do Extra Family Elmir,
3oo Boxes Sperm and Admantine Candle*,
100 Bbl*;Tennessee and Ohio Whiskey.
Fine Brandy, Wines aud Cigars, for stile by
sept It; HARDEMAN Sc GHIEFTN.
Paints, Oils, dlitss, Patty, Ac, 1
1f\ nnn LBS. White Lead.
1 li.UUU 5,000 lbs. White Zinc.
' 000 Gallons Linseed Oil.
lo Bhls. Tanners" Oil.
lo do Whale and Elephant Oil.
d do Sperm Oil.
too Boxes assorted Window Glass.
3 Bbls_ Putty and all the articles used by
Painters, Glaziers Ac.
sept 16 HARDEMAN A GRIFFIN. .
c. Campbell *> son.
Public Lniuls.
Tlio re;mrt of the Secretary of tho Interior pro- :
sent* fart* aud views in relation to internal affairs
over which the supervision of hi* department ex
tend*, of much interoot and importance.
The aggregate stile* of tba public laud*, curing
the Inst fiscal year, amount to lime million* two him
drsd ami twenty-seven thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight acres; for which has been received
the sum of eight millions eight hmtdred nml twenty-
one thousand four hundred aud fourteen dollar*.
During the same period there have been located,
with military scrip nnd land wrirrafits, nrid'for other
rarposee, thirty million ono hundred thousand two
Kindred and thirty aoreo, thus making a total aggre
gate of tliirty-nlue million three hundred 'aiiil twen
ty-eight thousand one hundred and eight acres, Oil
the 30th uf September last, surveys had been made
of sixteen million eight hundred arid seventy-throe
thousand six hundred and ninety nine acres, "u largo
proportion of which is ready for market.
Tho suggestions in this report in regard- to tlio
coraplicatiou nnd progressive expansion of thu busi
ness of tho different bureax of the department; to
the pension system; to the colonization of Indian
tribes, aud the recouimooilatioiis in relation to va
rious improvement* in the District of Columbia, are
especially comnittanded to your consideration.
Post onicc. ,
Territory, will be found in tbe documents cammnnica
led herewith from the Departments of State and \\ ar.
Finance nnd Taxes,
I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the
Treasury for particular information concerning the fi
nancial condition of tbe government, ced the various
branches of the public service connected with the
Treasury department.
Tho report of-the Fortmaster General -presents
fully the condition of that department of tho govern
ment." -Its expenditures for tne last fiscal yenr Were
ten million four hundred and seven thousand flight
hundred and sixty-eight dollars: and its,gross re
ceipts st-ven million six hnudred and twenty'ihou-
sand eight hundred aud ouu dollar*—makigg au ex
cess of expenditure over receipt* of two million
seven hundred and eighty-seven thousand and for-
tr-slx dollars. The deficiency to thU department is 1
thus seven hundred aud forty-four thousand dollars
£ eater tlihu for tho year ending Juno 30, F8W. Of
is-defleiehey, three hundred aud thirty -thousand
dollars is to bu attributed to the additional compen
sation allowed postmaster* by the act of Congress
of Juno 23,1*54. Tlio mail facilities jn oytry part
of the country ha vo been very much increased in
that period, and the large additiou of Railroad ser
vice, amounting to seven thousand nine .hmtdred
and eight miles, hot added largely to tlie' cost of
trane]iortatlMt-
The inconsiderable augmentation of . the income
of the I'o»t Office Department upder tjio rcilpced
rates or postage, «ud its increasing expenditure*,
must, for the present, rnak'e ik dependent to suiafl
extent upou the treasury for support.- Tto recom
mendations of the Postmaster General, in relation to
the abolition of the franking privilege, and His views
ou the establishment of mail steam ship -Hues, do-
serve the consideration of Congress. 1 also call the
special attention of Congrito tho ^fttfentent of the
Postmaster General respecting the sums now paid
for the transportation of mails to the Panama Rail
practical violation,of tlio rulc thus defined has been
injurious to our commerce. As to tbe remaining ar
ticle of the dechtratioli of the conference of Paris,
'•.that privateering is aad remain* abolished,"—I
certainly cannot ascribe tothe power* represented in
the conference of Paris, any but liberal And pliilnn
thropic viow* in the attempt to change the uuques
tionubie rule of maritime law in regaid to privateer
ing. Their propuritiotl was doubtless intended to
imply approval of the principle that private proper
ty upon tlie ocean, although it might belong to tlie
citizens of a belligerent state,should-lie exempted
fnqn capture: amt had that proposition been so
framed ustogivo full effect to tbe principle, it would
bavo received my ready assent on behalf -of the
Uuited Stales. But tlie'inoaauro proposed is inade
quate to tbst purpose. Jt. is true tliat.if adopted,
private property upon tho ocean would be withdrawn
from one mode of plunder, but left exposed, me m-
While, lo another mode, which could bo used with
increased eflfcotiveuess. Tho aggressive capacity
of great naval power* would bo thereby au<;meutea,
wlnhi the defensive ability of others would bo re
duced. Though the surrender Oftbe mean* of prose
cuting'hostilities by employing privateers, a* pro
posed by thu confer trace of Marts, Is mutual in terms,
yet, iq practical,effect, .it would be tlie relinquish
ment of a right of lifile value to ono class df slates,
of essential importance 'to auothor nnd a far larger
class. It ought not to have boon anticipated that a
measure, .so inadequate to the accomplishment of
tbe propostd object, and so unequal in its operation,
would receive the assentof all maritime power*.
Private property ■tirould bo still left to tho depreda
tions of tho public armed cruisurs.
Ui»vo expressed a readiness on. Iho part of this
jovernment to accede to all the principles contained
ii tlio declaration of tho Conference of Paris, provid
ed tlrtf rellitiugto thu, abandonment of privateering
enji he so atniwlctl as to effect the object for which,
ha i* presinued, it wn* intended, tbo immunity of pri
vate property off the ocean from hostile capture. To
effect lliw ohjoof, it is propdsed to add to tuo declar
ation tliat •• privateering is and remains abolished,”
th'e'fdllowing'ameh'dmeiit:
"And that the private property of subjects and eit
izcns.of a belligerent on tho high seas shall bo exempt
rfinni sslriire by tlio public arliiod Vcr-iis of tho otlier
/bclligertirtW. exceptit bb contraband.”
!. This aiooudmeut has been presented not only tf>
the powers which hav^naked our assent to tho de
claration to abojisli privateer'.-ig, but to all other
‘qiarftiine States. Thusfar it has not bee-n rejected
ity any, and ia favorably eutertaiued by all which
*avo made any eomuiiutication in reply.
uing with favor
tlio proposition ot tii-1 Unii-d State*, Iiuve delayed
definita action upon it, ouly for the purpose of con
sulting with other*, parties to tho conference of
Buckets, Ate.
Q A DOZEN Tainted Wood Buckets,
OKJ in •• Toy
50 Groce of Mat cites,
30 Dozen Iron Sauce Pan*.
•30 “ - Tea Keith*,
3 Ton* ot Pots, Spiders tmd Ovens,
•or sale at tlie lowest wholesalo nfire.
it. A. WT-SEfi
°ct -1 Cherry St., Macon, G».-
Liiim, LT-un-itt mut Plaster,
ties cannot be- relied on to maintain tlio public peace I /CONSTANTLY on hand and for sole by
ot Panama, and there is just ground for apprehension j svgRW ~ — -
thnt.it portion of the inhabitants arc meditating fur
ther outrages, without adequate measures for the
security and protection of persons or property hav
ing been taken, either by the State of l’amumt, or by
tlie general government "of New Granada.
Under thu guaranties of treaty, citizens ofthc Uni
ted States have, by the outlay of several millions of
dollars, constructed a rail road ncros* the Isthmus,
and it has become tho main route between our At
lantic and Pacific possession*, over which multitude*
of our citizen* and a vast amount, or property are
constantly passing—to tho security and protection
of all which, and tlie continuance o'f the public ad
vantages involved, it is impossible for the govern
ment of thu United State* to be indifferent.
X have deemed the danger of tho recurrence of
sflones of lawless violence in this quarter so immi
nent a.* to make it my duty to station a part of onr
naval force in the harbor* of Panama and Aspitiwall.
iu order to protect the person* und property of tlio
citizen* of the U. States iu tlicse port.*, und to insure
to them safe passage across the Isthmus. And it
would, in my judgment, be unwise to withdraw tlio
naval forco now in those ports, until, by tlie sponta
neous notion of the republic of New Granada, or
otherwise, some ndequato arrangement shall hav
been niadu for tlio protection ami security of a lin
of interoceanie communication important at tlii
time, not to the United State* only, but t» all other
ui.-tritimo States both of Europe nnd America.
Meanwhile, negotiations have beeu instituted by
means of n special commission, to obtain from New
Granada full indemnity for injuries sustained by our
citizens on the 'Isthmus mid.satisfactory seenrity for
tlio general interests of the United .'States.
Conclusion.
Iu addressing to you my last annual moxsagn, the
occasion seems to me an appropriate one to express
my congratulation* in vietv of the peace, greatness
and felicity which the United .States now posse:
ami enjoy. To point yon to the *tatc of the vnrioL_
departments of the government, mid of all the great
branches of tho public service, civil nnd military, in
order to epaak of tho intelligence mid tho Integrity
which pervades the whole, wonld be to indicate but
imperfectly tho admini*trativu condition oftbe coun
try. nnd the beneficial efioets of tliat on tlio general
welfare. Nor would it suflicu to say that the nation
i* actually at peace at homo and abroad ; that its in
dustrial interests are prosperous ; that tlio canvas of
it* mariners whitens every sea; and the plough of its
husband non Is marching steadily onward to the
bloodless conquest of the continent; that cities and
populous States are springing up, a* jf by bochajit-
ment. fioiq the Luzon! of our we*torn wilds, and that
the courageous energy of our people Is making of
these’United .State* the great republic ofthc world.
Thjeso remit* have not been attained without pass
ing through trials nml perils, by experience of which
aud thus ouly, nations can harden into manhood.
Our forefathers were trained to the wisdom which
conceived, and tho courage which achieved Inde
pendence, by the circumstance* which surrounded
them, and they were tht\s tq.uio capable of the cre
ation of the republic. It devolved on the next gen
eration to oon.-oiidato the work of the revolution, to
deliver tho country entirely from tho iutiucnccs of
conflicting transatlantic partialities or antipathies,
» hieh attach to our colom.il and revolutuwy liisto
ry, aod to organize lip ’-ractical operation of the
constitutional and legal institutions of tlie Union.
To us, qf this generation, remains the not less noble
taskof maintaining and extending tho power of the
United .■states. Wj have, at length, reached that
stag* oftbe national career, in which the dangers to
be encountered, and tho exertions to be made, are
the incidents, not of weakness, but <\f strength, in
our foreign relations vc w attemper our power
LUBBER \VA.\JI'KI> ’
T HE stihscriber will furnish tho whole of tlio ma
chinery, (either new or second hand) fora first-
rate Steam Saw Mill, and Ink - Lumber In payment
for same. None need apply who will not give it«-
dom/drd seen rite fertile laithful performance of th ei w
pift-of the contract. ROBERT FINDLAY
Messenger copy ang in
BOOK MOKE,
I M. BOAUDALYN ha* taken tho Store directly
•!» opposite Messrs. Win-hip, Ross A Coleman, oil
Cotton Av. where .he wilt ha iiliranri to sec his e!d
triends nnd customers. All those .having business
with the Southern Mutual Insurance Company, will
find him nt the store during business hours,
oct 14th
C IIA S. 1» . LEVY A CO.
Columbus Foundry and Machine Shop, Colum
bus\ Oa.
W ILL build * Irani f-lngiues, Roller*, amlall
kinds of Machinery ; Grist ami sei-v Mills.
(dt>~Castings of all kinds at reasonable rates.
Columbus, March 13—tf
New Cro|» iUackercI, Herring, Ac.
1 f /\PACKAGES Mackerel No. 1, 3 ,V a.
I xU 50 Boxes Scaled Herring,
10 Boxes Cod Fi*ii,
- 5 Half Brls Halibut Fin.-,
F’or sale by ASHER AYERS,
oot 38 r,, ..
Corned lleet, lliirknheat, At.
rtA PACKAGES Corned Beof.
4t U 50 Bags New Buckwheat Flour,
5uo Gallons Golden Syrup,
50 Beef Tongues,
35 Piece* Smoked Beef,
For -*le by ASHER AVERS.
OCt 38 _
Whiskey
QAA BRLS. Cincinnati and Tcun. Whiskey in
iOvU store and for sale by
pt • MoCALLIE Sc JONES.
DOR
Corn, Bye and Barley.
sale by
sept 3
McCALLIE A .TONES,
Pencil Brandy, Ate.
•r BRLS. Georgia Peach Brandy,
O 3 *• Nortli CarolitiH Wine,"
For sale by ASHER AYERS,
oct 38
Almanacs for
T ECEIVED and for sal
A nov 4
j. M. BOAR OMAN.
Seed Bye.
ftrvrv BUSHELS Feed Rve, just received and for
4UU sale bv (l.'C'AJIPBKLL * SON.
P 3» '
Salt.
r Ao NEW Sacks Salt, inst received bv
OUU ASHER AYERS.
City papers copy. oct -.-a