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' JOSEI
JH OtISBY.
VOL. XXXI.
MACON, TUESDAY MORNING, MAY If, 1857.
"fiUth* GeorRl* Telegraph.
JLbi Emlffrant Boy.
* ,r , ..«■ from brothers, sisters dear—
s** rMolher-not her voice I hear i
in. foreign land,
f^‘° (lfft r of » friendly hand ;
deep griefd heart and soul,
:|k ^' T> *ori. that might for griefs corn-ole;
'“^toscaes do gentle speak my name,
' , hllt nn more than whence I cam.
these pallid M«*jUhel;
11 LiVslI. my Mother’s grief wUl heal;
brow,none smooth mj oc«ch of petal
•"fri limed fast, let me not long remain
T 14 ^ sorrows that no tears can ease.
-i^S^como clow tho mortal strife,
^Sdofabetterlife.
^juch to Choose.
V(! Champion, a rich widow of only
Summers and in tho rich bloom of
’ Uutv " os in the matrimonial market
T i besieged by three suitors, all of them
Jilting, all gentlemen, and all profess-
unbounded and disinterested uflection
f a ;r lady. Capt. Trevanicn had
h JJ cavalry' officer, but had retired
iIk service. Ho was a tall, dashing
; * -iti, very aristocratic manners, and
^1 pepper, Paul Clifford’s friend,
an “unkimmon fine head of
indeed, it was rumored that his
.£*1,1 cur s were no nature’s gift lqi (
but the Qoila opima of some narosless
JiiH're favored individual, procured of
jj,i,.. the intermediation of a certain
tf - nn . of filthy lucre. The Captain had
btrtid a large fortune.
Suitor Xo. 2., was a young man about
J3, very fashionable, polished and pleas-
He contrived to keep out of debt, but
financial resources were said to be very
| Mr. Claude Careless evidently
d prospect of success.
Tbc'third suitor, Mr. Stanley Moreton,
«art-student, and also cultivated poct-
\ Though very modest and unaffected,
im slightly eccentric in the matter of
jjooe—wore a Reubens hat, and black
iiritcoat, and during the Kossuth excite-
al had serious thought of completing his
ctiiment by a feather—but his better ge-
isssaved him from the solecism. As he
ignite sensitive and timid, had nn awk-
vd habit of blushing, and was silent in
saay.the captain and Careless made
pi of his rivalship, and considered the
ast as confined to themselves.
He Captain proposed after the most np*
and taste of fashion, dropping graceful-
iathe knee, and pressing the lips that
jawed his vows to tho fair hand ho so
und as his guerdon.
When he had retired, Claude paid his de-
nudmade his proposal with great ear-
im. His professions of disinterested-
mere no less emphatic than the Cap-
■V
He painter came next. When alone
ithhe lady of his love, ho found n voico
idth failed him in tho presence of others.
Toeachofthe suitors she gavo the same
Mj-mmely, that sho would return a
r-j.-answer to his suit exactly three
wbfrom the date of his proposal, requir-
ifkim in the intervals to refrain from
or enquiring about her and to absent’
s»iffrom the city. The commands of
rich beauty nrc imperative. Each woo-
r promised a knightly obedience, and kept
I fledge. The Captain ran down to Ncw-
«, Claude went to Saratoga, and Stanley
‘fried his sketch-book up to the White
Imtains.
The widow shut herself up for three
“is. At tho expiration of that time,
Waal to tho appointed day, hour and
-fsle, the elegant Captain entered Mrs.
Sinpion’a drawing room, and surveyed
avlffrora head to foot in tho Versailles
^r, with a smile of satisfaction. He
tu engaged in self-admiration, when a
pit step recalled him to a sense of propri-
*!■ He turned and beheld the widow, but
M veil covered her face. He drew
char to her side and addressed her:
‘'Dearest Isabel,” said he, in his most
■Sitisire tones, “allow me to remove the
;ti0M screen which shrouds charms that
^ never meant to be concealed.”
“ilas, Captain,” said tho widow, with a
ttaulous voice, and drawing her veil yet
^ r , “those charms exist no longer.”
Impossible!” cried tho Captain fa il
alarm. “What do rou mean V*
A 3 *® I saw you I have been very sick.
3 1 a child my parents neglected
bre me vaccinated, and the nvaims of
e «*n pox—”
TV 1 * ®mall pox !” cried the Captain,
r*wng his chair back to the oihtr M* of
^mom.
it ®*’t be afraid, Captain,” said the Wid-
l “hnnll over and I am a dreadful ob»-
■. " 0 ®*hold—but of course that makes no
to 0 ®*your affections.”.
• ’ cried the Captaio,. “it would.
"***n° difference if I wanted to retire
”^.T° U *n the country, to live Ukia Darby
353 ! hut to go into society—to intro-
;-“ ,n y wife at balls and soirees a per-
Uisfigured by u dreadful disorder ! O,
• ma am, the idea never entered my
in my case think only of sentiment, but 1
am too good a moralist and too good a citi
zen to think of persevering now. Fare
well, madam! farewell forever! I leave
yoq with despair in my heart and madness
in my brain!”
Probably no declaration of despair was
ever so hypocritical, and so thought the
widow.
“He loved me for my money as I thought.
I begin to believe that all the men are alike.
If Stanley prove equally heartless, I shall
renounce the perfidious sex.”
The young artist heard of tho loss of his
lady’s beauty, calmly.
“It is a misfortune,” said he. “Beauty
is a glorious gift, but perishable—the true
heart and mind alone remain unchanged
ill death.
“But I am poor, Stanley,” said the wid
ow.
“You give me new life, Isabella,” cried
the painter. “The world cannot say now
that any mercenary views tainted the pure
feeling with which I regard you. Trust
me, you shall never want while I have
brain and hand to work for you.”
“Then take me for such as I am and
was,’’ cried the widow, throwing off the
veil, “both in person and in purpose, and
forgive the fabricated tale which proved
two of my suitors worthless.”
Freed from the veil, her dazzling beauty
beamed on the painter in yndimmed radi
ance, and her hand thrilled to his touch.
Need we say that they were happy ?
From the Wilkes Republican.
Mr. Editor: You will greatly oblige me by allow
ing me a brief space in your valuable colurns, for
the expression of a few views in reference to the
approaching Gubernatorial canvass. I do not wish
to say a word about the time for the assembling of
the Democratic Convention. That will be settled by
the press of the party, acting under the influence of
tho popular sentiment. Nor do I desire to discuss
the merits of the respective gentlemen whose names
have been suggested at various times through the
papers of the State. Conceding as I do their worth
and competency to fill the elevated station for which
their friends have recommended them, I am con
strained to believe that strict justice, on tho. score of
party service, would accord the Democratic nomi
nation for Governor to James Gardner, Esq., of
Richmond. In referring to party service, I would
not be understood ns imitating, or believing, that it
was rendered purely as a partisan. By no means.
Perlinps no conductor ot a public journal in this
State has looked more to the general weal, or exhib
ited nobler traits of impartiality and fairness, than he
has throughout the long period of his editorial la-
bora.
Mr. Gardner has not filled tho public eye in high
official stations, but the marked ability, co mingled
with sound judgement and practical good sense,
which have characterized the paper under his con
trol, have long been the subjects of approbation and
eulogy. Hut why has not Mr. Gardner occupied
high political station T His locality has heretofore
doomed him to retirement so far as the robes of of-
fico are concerned. For this reason and his long
self-sacrificing devotion to tho cause of Democracy,
his friends claim that be is entitled to tho nomination
for Governor. It is well known that he has not been
a noisy aspirant for public honors. Indeed, tho wri
ter of this article, who has known him intimately for
nearly thirty years, cannot call to mind a single in-
tancein which he over asked for political preferment
During many of the best
the active duties of the
Interesting Facts in Relation to
the Submarine Telegraph.
| Condensed from tho Now York Citizen.]
The first telegraphic marine cable ever suc
cessfully laid, was between France and Eng
land in 1850, tie termini being Dover and
Calais, a distance of 21 miles. The work was
accomplished in six or seven hours. The next
wire cable was laid between England and Ire
land from Holyhead to Howlli, in 1852, a dis
tance of sixty-five miles. Others have since
been laid, but the longest was that through the
black sea from Balaklava to Varna, a distance
of 374 miles, put down during the late war
with Russia. But for the first time it is now
attempted to connect the shores of the Old
World and the New, by this most subtle and
mysterious agent. A few years ago when tho
stupendous undertaking was talked of, scarce
ly any person believed it within the range of
possibility. Even men of true science scout
ed at the idea. But then the advocates of tho
Transatlantic telegraph recollected that the
great Dr. Lardncr, whose name stood so high
in the scientific world, had demonstrated that
the Atlantic could never be crossed by a
steamship, and exactly in one month after the
deed was done!
There are, however, serious difficulties in
the way of the present enterprise as any per
son may 6ee by reference to an article which
we copy from the London 'Pints in another
pnrt of tho week’s paper. One of these difli-
culties we have already referred to, and that
is the necessity of insulating the wire from all
contact with water, which is a greater conduc
tor of electricity than air. It is true tliat gut-
ta pcrcha answers this purpose, but it is liable
to be scraped off in some single spot or other.
From this leak the electric fluid would flow
out in large quantity; and the current be so
weakened as to render it insufficient; or by
strain on the wire it might he so stretched as
to become too fine for tne reception of a suffi
cient quantity of the electricity, or it might
be snnpped, and the whole labor be in vain.
A strong wire cable is in danger of breaking
by its own weight, and there is some doubt
about a light one sinking to the bottom, for
we believe there are depths in the ocean at
which a cannon ball would float, (just as it
would on molten lead,) owing to tho enor
mous pressure. But according to the sound
ings made by Lieut. Berryman, the greatest
depth over the telegraphic plateau or subma
rine prairie, between Newfoundland and A a-
lcntia Bay in the county of Kerry, Ireland,
Is less than two miles. Tho accuracy of the
soundings has, however, been disputed by no
less an authority than Maury; but this is at
tributed to an invidious feeling. We make
the following extract from a letter on the sub
ject, which appeared in a morning paper of
Saturday last:
“In 1856, when the telegraphic project
seemed to be on the point of realization, our
government offered to examine the proposed
route between the nearest points of Newfound
land and Ireland. Tho little screw steamer
Arctic, then lying idle at the Brooklyn Navy
Yard, was detached for this service and placed
under the command of Lieut. Berryman.—
Leaving New York on the night of July.18,
| . .-lie reached St. Julius on the 2‘Jtli, and in a
ycara onhs lif'-gFvingupilH, active duties of the couple of days commenced sounding as near
legal profession in which he rose rapidly to a higli the great circle, as possible, passing the nortli
position—he has submitted to labors of tho mostar- I cnc } c f the Great Banks in 120 fathoms wa-
duous unci incessant kind, never halting, or flagging . , t mtervals of 30. 40, 60 and 100
in his ardent devotion to the cause of Democracy. ter , uim ui uuntsu ox m w, v ,
During this long period of wearisome effort ho imlessoundingsweremudcwithcompietesuc-
never received, or ssked reward, (save tho conscious- cess, but frequently involving many hours,
ness of having proved faithful, and the approbation uight aud day, of great expense and hard
obligations. Tho ConttitwiioiuUut has shown the fathoms of line, sounding apparatus and all.
character of the man. It has revealed the prudence Nearing the Irish coast, the distance of the
and sonnd mindedness, and exhibited the lofty talents was increased; great uniformity
ns ysisSf rsssft. ,“4a&5 j*
rights, social and political. These he has maintained of August the party arrived m the harbor of
rights, #
without innovation, with sturdy independence, ex
hibiting throughout marks of high mental culture in
Queeustown.
After recruiting officers and men, and ta-
L r ' e3se )’ou from your engagement—
-n 1 " ee >” said the widow.
no doubt, ma’am” said the Cap-
relieved, “that you will find
, m t/ 3 ' 8 exactly in my situation, who
I ver y happy to—in short,
uJrj, ** s hy°u a very good day.”
parted, vain egotist!” said the
4 * !en he had left. “I rightly guag-
character. You only wished for a
JJrrj"|fe to enhance your consequence
jjyi society, as you show oft’ your
4(7/* horse in the street. Let os see
■Utltss Noughts have wronged jMr.
14* she told the same story.
8 e otleman heard of the loss of
,'y.*hgreat nonchalance.
ii. ij h ! s *. 8 not nil,” said Mrs. Cham-
3 jj. T business man has been with mo
^ '“ondng. My nvcMments were
itej ii ° rtun ate. ] am completely beg-
%*,
nor.
ion.
April 18, 1857
ta, i^krtunate,” cried Careless, ‘Tor
i_r ® 8 ame predicament. I don see
tr*i " r ough this quarter. Now it is
4 £7“ that it would be tl
w ° Persons without
licit
lit of
r c ' so “'' wunoui any income
r 1 l Daxrry onlj to multiply mise-
... ml •°! 1 *° Consider my proposal of
itreyj,’ , y conditional. Doubtless
ra *hUnprincipled men who would
!M£S m0fhi> ViUWa ' ana the P ° 1 ' king in a supply o? fuel, she sailed ok her re
in England and trance political writers and edi-1 turn trip on the 4th of September. Trouble
tors of public journals distinguished for their intellect-1 w itb the machinery detained them until the
ual ability, are called to seats in their Parliamentg, w j, en t j, e „ rcnewc d their work, filling
ft"nonecc?°ary"to urgo^iu*view n£u iho attention up the blanks between their former soundings,
of the public—who can be more competent to fill tho In all tlnrty-five successful casts were obtain-
chair of tho State with benefit to the people and hon- e( j, averaging one for every fifty miles,
or to himself, than the man with praetted talents ..The accuracy of these returns has been
whole liftTto tho*sttidy ™he aff.imof the Common- questioned by a very high authority at home;
wealth? What can afford a better field of study an d as it is allied to another problem of pro-
than that traversed by such a man, proud of bis own digious interest, a few words on the subject
fame, while conducting ajouraal devoted to tho eu- f 0 j eep gea soundings may be of iuterest.—
James'cardner.^ExF Itecently^he rerirVfroTtbe The difficulties to be overcome are enormous,
editorial chair, and but one opinion is heard as to and have been but partially removed by the
his brilliant career as a journalist. Democracy owes I imperfect machinery for a long time in use.
Mr. Gardner a debt 0 *1 «, ra Btode for th0 urrn.,£<>n-’‘V G f i; nC3 have been tried, with ev-
many toning years, in teaching its principles, win- ery adaptation of weight, with the same mi
ning host to its ranks and giving invincibility to its certain returns. With a heavy lead the line
power. Ilis friends ask for him as somo reward bis j g a t ^ p ar t. If light, power is wanting to
nomination as theDemocratic.candidateifor z»vcr- c ’ come t h e friction of two or three miles of
— His nomination will be equivalent to hi. elect-1 ^ countcrc urrents that separate
Josticx. I y 0U from the bottom. Increase both, and
your apparatus is unmanageable. Add to
this, allowance for driftage and undercur
rents, perhaps in different directions, then the
impossibility of ascertaining when the sinker
strikes the bottom—and supposing all these
difficulties to be apparently overcome—it is
discouraging on sounding twice at the same
point to find a difference in the returns of one-
half, and this, too, in comparatively shallow
water, as was the experience of Capt. Platt,
in the Albany. Involuntarily suspicion arises
as to the accuracy of the whole system.—
These difficulties are not overstated, as the
reader will see on turning over the pages of
Maury’s sailing directions. Having^ little re
liance in the system here advised, Lieutenant
Berryman made use of a self-registering sound
ing apparatus, which has for years been in
use in the English navy. To the lead is at
tached, on the principle of the screw propeller,
a piece of clockwork for registering the revo
lutions made by the screw in the descent. It
having been ascertained that this made one rev
olution for every fathom of perpendicular de
scent, self-registering bauds are attached to a
dial, and the instrument is complete. The
peculiarity is, that instead of ascertaining the
depth by the amount of line out, it is told by
the hands of this little machine, which, being
attached to the sinker, descends in almost
a true line to the bottom, escaping there
by very many of the causes ot' error in the
old method. A very beautiful invention re
lieves it of tho weight, and a steam reel,
worked by the engino of tho vessel, brings the
whole affair, with its precious freight, of infu
soria and submarine specimens, to the surface.
These have been subjected to microscopic ex
amination, nffordiDg curious developments, and
proving by their delicacy of form and fragility
of structure that the bed of the ocean is undis
turbed by the currents and agitations of the
surface. Amid these fleecy particles the tcle-
eranhic cable would sink as in a snow bank.
“Such is the machine by which the returns
Arctic have been obtained. T he prejudices of
Not Bttd.
The appended negro story copied from a
Southern correspondent of a Boston paper, is
not bad;
General C gave his black man, Sawney,
funds and permission to get a quarter’s worth
of zoology at a menagerie, at the same time
hinting to him the striking affinity between the
Simia and negro races. Our sable friend soon
found himself under the canvass, and brought
to in front of a sedate looking baboon, and
eyeing the bibo-quadruped closely, soliloquis
ed thus:—“ Folks, sure’s you’re born; feet,
hands, proper bad looking countenance, just
the nigger, gettin old, I reckon.” 1 hen, as if
seized with a bright idea, he extended bis hand,
with a genuine Southern ‘how d’ye do, uncle?’
The ape clasped the negro’s hand, and shook
it long and cordially.
Sawney then plied his new acquaintance
with interrogations as to his name, nativity*
and former occupation, but eliciting noreplie,
beyond a knowing shake of the head or a mar
ry twinkling of tho eye, (tlie ape was probably
mediating the best way of tweaking off the
monkey’s nose,) he concluded that tlic ape was
bound to keep non-committal, and looking
cautiously around, chuckeled out. ‘He, he,
you too sharp for them, old feller; keep dark,
if ye’d jest speak one word of English, white
man a have a hoe in yer hand in less than two
minu.’tes
A Curiosity Shop.
A new curiosity shop has been established
in this city. Among the rare articles it con
tains we notice the following: .
One cake of soap with which politicians try
to wash their hands clean. ,
The identical first glass which has created
all the drunkards. A pint of that exceeding
ly hot water into which people are perpetually
plunging. Also the same frying-pan that mul
titudes have been always jumping out of into
the fire.
The lock on the door through which silty
youths have in all ages rushed to destruction.
The hand of Charity open, with a counter
feit sixpence in it.
A specimen of a bug, which lives through
all th<- seasons, and thrives the more for every
attempt to exterminate it—the Hum-bug.
The potrait of the printer of the Book oj
A shell washed up by tho tide in the affairs
° f The shell of the duck's egg that hatched tho
first quack.
Think before yon speak, think before whom
yo*u speak, think what you speak.
Maury have, liowovor, been long directed in
favor of the old system of finding bottom with
a simple line and sinker; and he pronounces
Massy’s patent to be novel and untried. As
Jo its novelty, it was pronounced by one of
the Lords of the Admiralty to be an admira
ble invention at a time when I rofessor Maury
was in long clothes, (1819.) and as to its be
ing untried, it was years ago copied by ManCT
and thought to work “beautifully- uly (in
scription is taken verbatim from his descrip
tion of his copy, which was then coupled with
the highest praise; nor was the merit wineo
Maury then assigned it discredited by its trial
on board the steamer Arctic. It was there
used iu cons taut contrast with the o-d system,
and in every case of difference reliance was
had on the new rather than the old method.
The belief that the method of sounding ad
vised by Lieat. Maury is anything more than
an approximation to the truth, is shaken l)y a
careful study of his own book, where, in al
most every instance where two casts of the
lead have been made near the same point dis
crepancies occur, at times of one, two or three
miles, which shake our belief in the reliability
of either; and those contradictions are of such
frequent repetition, that we must lay them to
the radical defects of the system. These dis
crepancies can only be suppressed in a tithe
of these returns, and FalstaiPs recruits are
more presentable than tho remaining nine
parts.”
Assuming that Berryman’s soundings arc ac
curate, no great difficulty tjoeil be anticipated
from tlie depth of the water. The cable is the
lightest that could be used and there can be no
doubt about its sinking to the bottom. Should
it be broken by any accident, the portion in
the water would be inevetably lost, and it
would be necessary to provide a new cable.
A storm would be attended with that result,
as was the case in laying the cable between
Newfoundland and Cape Breton in 1855.
Bat there is a more serious difficulty, and
that is the uncertainty of being able to trans
mit the electric current through a wire of such
length; for it is estimated that, though the
direct distance is only fifteen hundred miles
from shore to shore, two thousand five hun
dred miles of cable may be necessary, owing
to the irregulaties of the bottom of tho ocean,
tho currents, &c. No attempt has ever been
made to send a current of electricity such a
length by a single battery. In this country,
when the lines are very long, there aro addi
tional batteries on the way by which the mes
sage is repeated, and the same wire is not con
tinuous for the whole distance; but this cannot
be done in the Atlantic ocean. There is no
island where a galvanic battery could be Iocat-
ted, and the problem is yet to be solved wheth
er a wire cable of such length can be made to
transmit a message from end to end by a sin
gle battery such as is now in use. The fric
tion of the lightning over so much surface of
wire pores will undoubtedly diminish its force 4
but whether it will render it wholly inopera
tive remains to be seen. By scientific men
writing in the (London papers opposite, opin
ions on the subject have been stoutly maintain
ed. A short time will set the question at rest.
It is expected to have the cable finished by the
end of June, and to put to sea with it about
the beginning of July. Could copper wire be
used instead of iron the same doubt would not
exist on this point, for its capacity of transmis
sion is far greater; but its want of sufficient
Arength is a fatal objection. The wire used
is the best iron charto.il wire, and so flexible is
it that the cable can be twisted around the arm
without injury; it is said it will stretch without
breaking twenty per cent of its length.
Should this great enteiprise be crowned with
success there can be no doubt that it will be
regarded as the great work of the age, not on
ly from its difficult nature, but from the ex
traordinary consequences that willflow from it.
Not only will we have instantaneous intelli
gence of what is passing in England, but, para
doxical as it may seem, we shall know the event
before it happens. That is, if a speech should
be mado iu Parliament at four o’clock in the
afternoon, we shall 'have a report of it here at
twelve o’clock, four hours sooner, which is the
difference between tho meridian of the two
countries, that is the sun rises four hours sooner
in London than it does in New York ; so that
if Parliament met in the day time like Con
gress and at the same, hour, we would have
the news of its doings several hours before we
could have telegraphic congressional reports
from Washington of the same day’s proceed-
irgs!
The effect on commercial operations will be
completely revoutiouary ; and so great will be
the amount of business even at the highest
prices for messages that five different cables
would not suffice. The Provincial Parliament
of Newfoundland, therefore, is doing a very
foolish thing, as we just learn by telegraph
from that island, in conceding to this company
the exclusive right for fifty years to land sub
marine telegraphic cables upon its shores. It
is added that similar bills have passed the leg
islatures of New Brunswick and Maine.. This
is certainly very absurd legislation, for it will
undoubtedly turn out that this cable will
not be sufficient, seeing that it will not only
Lave to transact the whole business backwards
and forwards between New York and Boston
on one side, and Liverpool and London on the
other, but of all the principal cities in America;
whilst from the other side will bo sent, not
merely the inteligence from England, but from
all parts of the Continent of Europe; and even
from Asia. We are opposed to monopolies of
all kinds; but a monopoly of this description
is one of the very worst, being calculated to
operate injuriously upon the interests of . the
poor, and to favor the man of large capital.
The day, perhaps, may not be far distant when
the whole globe will be encircled with tele
graphic wire, and a message will be sent liter
ally round the earth swifter than tho sun, and
the boast of Puck, in the “Midsummer Night’s
Dream,’ will be no longer a vision of fairy land,
but a reality.—“I’ll put girdlo round tlie earth
in forty minutes.”
In the Herald of October in 1842, the fol
lowing notice appeared in regard to the first
experiment made in subaqueous telegraphing:
“Mouse’s Electro SIaosetic Teleokaph.
—This important invention is to exhibited in
operation at Castle Garden between tho hours
of twelve aud one o’clock to-day. One tele
graph will be erected on Governor’s Island and
one at the Castle, and messages will be inter
changed and orders transmitted during the
day. Many have been incredulous as the
powers of this wonderful triumph of science
and art. All such may now have an oppor
tunity of fairly testing it. It is destined to
work a complete revolution in the mode of
transmitting intelligence throughout the civil
ized world.”
About eight o’clock on the evening of the
same day Professor Morse, with one assistant,
commenced laying the first submarine tele
graph ever constructed. The cable, if we
may be allowed the expression, was not more
than the twelfth of an inch in diameter.
The copper wiro was insulated by means of
a heropon strand which was protected from the
action of the water by a coating [of tar, pitch
and india rubber. About two miles of this
wound on a reel was placed in a'small row
boat, and with one man at the oars and Pro
fessor Morse at the stern the work of paying
out the cable was commenced. It was a beau
tiful moonlight night, and those who had pro
longed their evening rambles ou the Battery
wondered as they gazed at the proceedings in
the boat what kind of fishing the two men
could be ongaged in that required so long a
lino. In somewhat less than two hours on that
eventful evening on the 18th of October, 1842,
“ the cable ” was laid. Professor Morse re
turned to his home and waited with some anx
iety the time when he should be able to test
the experiment fully and fairly. The follow
ing morning at daybreak he was on the Bat
tery, and had just established its success by
the transmission of three or four characters be
tween the termini of the Hue, when the commu
nication was suddenly interrupted, and it was
found impossible to send any message through
the conductor. Tlie cause of this was explain
ed by his observing no less thau soveu vessels
lying along the line of the submerged cable,
one of which, in getting on her way, had rais
ed it on her anchor. The sailors unable to
divine its moaning hauled in about two hun
dred feet of it on deck, and fiuding no end, cut
off that portion, and carried it away with them.
Thus ended the first attempt at submarine
telegraphing. At that time a small boat was
employed in the operation, but such has been
the progerss in fifteen years, that tho predic
tion of Professor Morse is on the eve of being
fulfilled. Now we behold four magnificent
naval vessels employed in the great work of
uniting two worlds by a telegrape line stretch
ed across tlie bed of the Atlantic ocean, and
connecting points which ave between sixteen
and seventeen hundred miles distant from each
other.
The Depression or Commercial
Affairs.
The depressed condition of our commercial
affairs, and particularly of our shipping inter
ests, is such as to merit the serious considera
tion of the community. Our wharves are
crowded with ships, many of them the pride of
the ocean, and it is supposed that vessels to
the value of twenty-five millions of dollars are
lying in our harbor, most of them without em
ployment; and those that have found some
thing to do have.accepted it at rates ruinously
low. Wo are told that grain is being shipped
to Europe at two pence per bushel, and that
one lot of twenty thousand bushels has been
taken free of freight, merely for the purpose
of gettiug ballast to take the ship abroad to
somo less crowded port. But the same state of
things exists on all sides. Our Southern ports
do not afford employment for vessels at rates
that will pay their postage bills, much less in
surance, interest and wear and tear. In Eu
rope, in California and in China the same tiling
exists. Everywhere the merchants complain
that there is no margin for the profitable em
ployment of capital.
This state of things is due to natural causes
and not to any extraordinary state of affairs in
trade. The period of inflation and vast profit
through which we have been passing for some
time back, has reached its climax, and now the
reaction comes. Prices of every article of food
of use have been carried to a point thatha3 se
riously affected consumption, and demand has
fallen away. Production must again accumu
late its staples at the points of supply until
prices reach their natural relation to the abil
ity of consumption. The pulse of commerce
after its fever of expansion must fall fluttering-
ly low before it cau regain its wonted healthy
beat. Cottonat fourteen cents,sugar at twelve,
and many other staples at like proportion, are
beyond the reach of the great mass of people
to consume in abundance. The consuming
power of the world may be likened to a_ pyr
amid with a scale of prices marked upon it, the
highest being placed at the apex. As the rul
ing prices go up the quantity to be moved by
the operation of commerce decreases with rap
idly decreasing proportion. Here we have the
secret of the present stagnation of trade, and
the clear indications that vast losses have yet
to be incurred either by the producers or the
speculators.
Another effect is being produced by this con
dition of affairs in our commercial and seaboard
communities. Crowds of people are abandon
ing their former pursuits, and are flocking to
tlie newly opened regions of Iowa, Minnesota,
Nebraska and Kansas. Never has such an
emigration from New England and the middle
States before been known as is now beheld
throngiugour Western wave of travel. This
gives 110 promise of an early revival of trade,
although it is full of good for the future. When
they shall have become settled in their new
home, and the earth yields its abundant re
ward to their labor, the rc-action will come
and the healthy tone will revive.
In the meantime, however, speculators must
look for a continuauce of the reaction here,
and the value of merchandise, real estate, ship
ping and sound and fancy stocks of all kinds
will go down. The cost of living must be re
duced, and our people must give up the foolish
ly extravagant habits in which they have been
indulging. Newport and Saratoga must show
less folly in dress and diamonds, and if fami
lies will go into the country for rest and re
creation, quiet country retreats must come
more in vogue than they have been these last
few years. No people on earth has ever ex
hibited the folly, extravagance, wastefulness
aud rushing to-ruin than ours has shown for
years past. Tho crisis is close upon them now,
and if they will not be wise iu time they will
surely pay the penalty of their own foolishness.
Our merchants, shipowners and speculators
will do well to take in sail and prepare for the
coming storm.—N. Y. Herald, May 5.
A Terrible Duel.
A few years since, as a New England gentleman,
whose name wo shall call Brown, was passing a few
days at a hotel in one of our Western cities, lie had
the misfortune unintentionally to offend the sus
ceptible honor of a tall militia Colonel, who was
one of his fellow-boarders. His apologies not be
ing satisfactory, a challenge wassenttoliim, which,
however, ho declined on the ground of conscien
tious scruples. The Colonel, who, by the way, had
won in two or threo encounters quite a reputation
as a duelist, at once conceived that his opponent
was a coward, and resolved to disgrace him in the
face of all the tho assembled wisdom of the house.
Accordingly, tho next day, at dinner time, in march
ed the duelist, armed with a cowhide, and advanc
ing to Brown’s chair, proceeded to dust his jacket
for him in the most approved style. Brown was
astonished. Luckily, he had bceti Lieutenant of
militia in his native State, and he knew the impor
tance of incommoding his enemy by a division.
So, seizing a gravy tureen, he tossed the contents
in the face of the belligerent Colonel, and before
lie could recover from the drowning sensation thus
occasioned, lie sprang upon the table and began
to shower upon him with a liberal hand the con
tents of the dishes around.
“You arc an infernal—”
‘‘Coward 1” the Colonel was about to say, but at
that moment a plate of greens struck full upon his
mouth, aud the word was blockaded—lost forever!
“Ila!” cried the New Englander, whose blood
was now up, “fond of greens are you? Take a pota
to, too?” And he hurled a telling volley of hard po
tatoes at him. “Excellent eggs here—^capital with
call's head!”—and crash! came a plate of soft-
boiled eggs against the side of his cranium.
The blows of the cowhide, which had hitherto
descended upon the Yankee’s head and shoulders,
now began to fall more weakly and wildly, and it
became evident that the assailant, half stunned,
choked and partially blinded, was getting the worst
of it. His courage was oozing out.
“Take a turkey I” shouted Brown, and a noble
old goblcr descended fairly upon the Colonel s head,
and bursting, filled his hair and eyes with delicious
looking staffing. “Here’s the fixings!” he contin
ued, a3 the squash and jelly followed after.
By this time the Colonel was irretrievably de
feated ; and as his merciless opponent seized a huge
plum pudding, streaming hot, and holding it^above
his head with both hands, seemed to bury him be
neath it, lie quailed in tenor, and, throwing down
his cowhide, turned about and made a rush for the
door. _ , „
“Stop for the” pudding, Colonel! stop for tlie
pudding!” shouted Brown. “Pudding, Colonel!
pudding!” screamed all his fellow-boarders, amid
convulsions of laughter. But the Colonel was too
terrified, and did r.ot cease running until lie had
locked himself in his room.
But although the Colonel escaped from the pud
ding, he did not escape from the ridicule which the
affair occasioned. He subsequently challenged
four persons, against whom his ire was particularly
excited, and they all consented to fight, but avail
ing themselves of the privilege of the challenged
party, appointed pudding bags for their weapons.
At length the unhappy duellist, finding no one who
was willing to shoot or he shot at, was obliged
to quit the State.
NO. 42.
Bayard Taylor Takes a Bath.
The Tribune of Wednesday contains anoth
er of Bayard Taylor’s letters, dated Muonio-
vara, Lapland, January 14, 1857. We ex
tract therefrom the following description of a
rather original style of bath in which he in
dulged :
Mr. Wolley proposed to us another luxury,
in the shape of a vapor bath, as HcrrForstrom
had one of jliose bathing-houses which are
uuiversal in Finland. It was a little wooden
building without windows. A Finnish servant
girl, who had been for some time engaged in
getting it in readiness, opened the door for us.
The interior was very hot and moist, like an
oriental bathing hall. In the centre was a pile
of hot stones covered with birch boughs, the
leaves of which gave out an agreeable smell,
and a large tub of water. The floor was strewn
with Btraw, aud under the roof was a platform
extending across one end of the building.—
This was covered with soft hay, and reached
by means of a ladder, for the purpose of get
ting the full effect of the steam. Some stools
and a bench for our clothes completed the ar
rangements. There were also in one corner a
pitcher of water, standing in a little heap of
snow, to keep it cool.
The servant girl came in after us, and Mr.
W. quietly proceeded to undress, informing us
that the girl was bathing master, and would do
the usual scrubbing and ebampooning. This,
it seems, is the general practice in Finland,
and is but another example of the unembar
rassed habits of the people of this part of the
world. The poorer families go to their bath
ing rooms together—father, mother and chil
dren—and take turns in polishing each other’s
backs. It would have been ridiculous to have
shown any hesitation under the circumstances,
in fact, an indignity to the honest, simple
hearted, virtuous girl, and so we deliberately
undressed also. When at last we stood, like
our first parents in Paradise, “ naked and not
ashamed,” she handed us bunches of birch
twigs with the leaves on, the use of which was
suggested by the leaf of scripture.
We mounted to the platform and lay down
upon our backs, whereupon she increased the
temperature by throwing water upon tho hot
stones, until the heat was rather oppressive and
we began to sweet profusely. She then took
up a bunch of birch twigs which had been dip
ped in hot water, and switched us smartly from
head to foot. When we had become thorough
ly parboiled and lax, we desceuded to tlie floor,
seated ourselves upon the stools and were
scrubbed with soap as thoroughly as propriety
permitted. The girl was an admirable bather,
the result of long practice in the business. She
finished by pouring hot water over us and then
drying us withgwarm towels. The Finns fre
quently go out and roll in the snow during the
progress of the bath. I ventured so far as to
go out and stand a few seconds in the open air.
The mercury was at zero, and the effect of the
cold ou my heated skin was delightfully re
freshing.
New Use for Cotton.
A few months since we direct attention to
this subject, stating that some useful substitute
for leather would be a most valuable invention
to the community, owing to its scarcity and in
creasing price. We notice in a late European
exchange that prepared moleskin (thick cotton
twill, with a nap) has been substituted to a
largo extent in France for calf skin leather in
the upper part of shoes, and this arrested a fur
ther advance in the price of leather in that
country. In our own markets, the price of
leather has till now kept steadily increasing.
The principal cause of this, we ai;e told, has
been a drain upon hides from our own markets
to those of France, Germany, and England.
At present, the tide appears to begin to ebb as
regards the price of sole leather, but not of
fine calf skins employed for the uppers of
shoes; nor is it to be expected that the price
will fall,i^s the demand for it is much greater
than the supply. We regret this, for the finer
kinds of it have almost ceased to be employed
in the manufacture of ladies and children’s
gaiters, buskins, &c. Sheep-skin leather,
half tanned, thin as wrapping paper and al
most as tender, has been used-U3 a substitute
for it, while coarse paper, of a most wretched
description, is employed for inner soles.
The uppers of foot clothing made of such
material cannot withstand the action of water;
rain penetrates nearly as freely as blotting
paper, and to use a common but appropriate
term, “ they have no wear in them.” Somo
substitute for such material would be of great
importance for the cheap shoes ot children and
youth, especially girls.
The employment of strong moleskin for this
purpose, as has been done in France, would
be an improvement, and we therefore suggest
its use; it is cheap, light, and would prove
more durable, we believe, than sheep-skin
leather.—Scientific American.
What the English think of our Ac
quisition OF CUBA.
Hon. John G. Dodson, Esq., candidate for
Parliament for East Sussex, (England,) recent
ly delivered a lecture to the English people ot
Brighton, on the subject of Cuba, embracing
the result of his residence in that Island. A-
mong other things he said :
“If Cuba was annexed to the United States
its productiveness and its trade would be more
developed in five or six years under the influ
ence of American activity, than in ten times
as many years of Spanish torpor and misrule.
In a politico-economical point of view, the
world and England especially, would be gain
ers. But however much England, (and the
same applies, though in a less degree, to
France aud other great powers) might gain in
wealth, sho would lose far more in respect of
position and prestige. The possession of Cu
ba would add enormously to the influence and
the strength of the United States, and would
hasten the day, which already seems fast ap
proaching, when they will become the first
power in the world. Yet it scarcely, under
any circumstances, will be worth England’s
while to plunge into a war with the American
Republic, solely to endeavor to prevent it
from adding Cuba to its dominions. Even if
successful iu the immediate object of the war,
she would inflict as great injury on herself as
on her rival. In the natural course of things
America must become sooner or later a far
greater empire than the mother country.—
The Americans have all the qualities that have
made us what we are, with one hundred and
fifty times our national resources, and their
spirit of enterprise is accordingly quickened
and stimulated. The most desirable event for
England would be such a peaceable dissolution
of the Union as should leave two or more
quite prosperous and independent powers ca
pable of holding the balance to each other.
Such a dissolution would probably be rather
promoted by the addition of Cuba to the re
public; such a dissolution would probably be
retarded by the attempt of any foreign State
to bring it about. That a separation will some
day take place, many thinking Americans be
lieve ; the time, however, of it, is perhaps
more remote than the people in Europe are
willing to imagine.
President Monagas, of Venezuela, has been
re-elected for another term, with Seuor Oriach,
his sou-iu-law, as vice president.
The Boston Post understands that the re
port that the ex-president Pierce had bought
a farm in New Hampshire where he intended
to erect a house, is incorrect.
ADTKRTisEMSNTsat the regular charge will be One
Dollar per square of 10 lines or less, for the first in
sertion, and Fifty Cents for each subsequent inser
tion. All advertisements not specified as to time
will be published until forbid aud charged accord
ingly
Obituary Notices not exceeding ten lines, will
be published gratis ; but cash at the rate of One Dol
lar for every ten manuscript ines exceeding that
number, must accompany all longer notices, or they
will be cut short.
Cy'The Telegraph goes to press at 3 o'clock,
Monday Evenings. Advertisers will oblige by hand
ing in their favors, as early as Saturday, if possible
SWANVk CO.’S LOTTERIES!
CAPITAL PRIZE $50,000
Tickets only SIO.
Owing to the great favor with which our Single
Xumbe** Lotteries have been received by the pub-
lie, and the large demand for Tickets, the Managers,
S 8wan Sc Co., will have a drawing each Saturday
throughout the year. The following Scheme .will
be drawn in each of tneir Lotteries lor May, i- ’< :
Class 34—To be drawn in the City of Atlanta,
Georgia, in public, on Saturday, May 2d, 1.-5,.
Class 35 To be drawn in the City of Atlanta, Ga.,
Inpublic, on Saturday, May 3th. lS-w.
Class 36—To be drawn in tlie City of Atlanta, Geor
gia, ill public, on Sadr.', iv, Ma> :< tn,
Class 37—To be drawn in the City oi Atlanta, On.,
in public, on Saturday, May 83d, 1857.
Ct. ASS 38—To be drawn in the City of Atlanta, o.a.,
in public, on Saturday, May 30th, L-><, on tho
Plan of S1NGLE LUMBERS.
3,290 Prizes.
More than One Prize to every Ten Tickets !
simWIBICFA'I! SCIIEJIB!
TO BE DRAWN EACH SATURDAY IA MAY
1 Prize of--
550,000
20,000 is
10,000 is
10,000 is
5,000 is
5,000 is
5,000 is
2,500 is ....
2,500 is
2,500 is -
2,500 is
2,500 is
1,000 is
1,000 is
1,000 is
1,000 is
1,000 is
10,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
.1
, n n ,i * 100 are 10,000
ioo “ :::: »«£• 5,000
APPROXIMATION PRIZES.
4 pzs Of 8225 approx, to 650,000 prize are 8900
4 Kt 1G0 « 20,000 “ are G40
8 <1 80 “ 10,000 “ are 540
x o .. 50 “ 5,000 “ are COO
oj u 30 “ 2,500 “ are 720
o 0 i. o 5 •> 1 000 “ are 500
3,000 “ 20 are c°' oao
3,290 prizes amounting to 8204,000
XickctH SIO—Ilnlvrx 85—Qnnrtcra 8‘A 30.
PLAN OF THE LOTTERY.
The Numbers from l to 30,ouo, coiresponding
with those Numbers on tho Tickets pnrted on sep
arate slips of paper, are encircled with small tin
tubes and placed in one Wheel.
• Tlie first 218 Prizes, similarly printed and encir
cled, are placed in another wheel.
Tho wheels are then revolved, and a number 13
drawn from the wheel of Numbers, and at the satin)
time a Prize is a drawn from the other wheel. Iho
Number and Prize draw n out are opened and exhib
ited to the audience, and registered by tlie Commis
sioners; the Prize being placed against the Number
drawn. This operation is repeated until all tho
Prizes are drawn out.
Approximation Pinzas.—The two preceding and
the two succeeding lumbers to those drawing tho
first 18 Prizes will be entitled to tho 72 Approxima
tion Prizes, according to the scheme.
3.000 Prizes of SCO will be determined by the last
figure of the number that draws the 850,000^Prize.
For example, if tho Number drawing the 850,000
Prize ends with No. 1, then all the Tickets where
the number ends in 1 will be entitled to 820. If tho
Number ends with No. 2, then all the Tickets whero
the Numbers ends in 2 will be entitled to 820, and so
on to 0. ,, , ...
Certificates of Packages will be sold at the follow
ing rates, which is the risk:
Certificate of Packages of 10 Whole Tickets.---*30
• •» “ 10 Half “ .... 40
«i «« 10 Quarter “ ---- 20
i« “ lOKighth 11 .... 10
In Ordering Tickets, or Certificates, enclose tho
money to our address for the Tickets ordered, on re
ceipt of which they will be forwarded by first maiL
Purchasers can have tickets ending in any figure
they may designate.
The list of drawn numbers will be forwarded to
purchasers immediately after the drawing.
Purchaser* will please write their signatures plain,
and give their Post Office, County and btate.
;:#• Remember that every Prize is drawn, and
payable in full without deduction.
£5*“ All Prizes of $1,000 and under, paid immedi
ately after the drawing
All communications strictly confidenticl.
Prizo Tickets cashed or renewed in other tickets
at either Office.
Address orders for tickets or Certificates, either to
S. SWAN A CO., Atlanta, Ga.
A list of the numbers that are drawn from
the wheel, with the amount of the prize that each
one is entitled to, will bo published after every
drawing, in the following papers: New Orleans Del
ta, Mobile Register, Charleston Standard, Nashville
Gazette, Atlanta Intelligencer, New^York Weekly
Day Book, and Savannah Morning News.
apl 28
AFFLICTED BEAD THIS.
Miraculous Cure Made on one of
OUR CITIZENS.
Macon, April 8,1857.
Prof. DeGrath,—Dear sir: This is to certify that I
had a fall, sprained my shoulder and was afflicted for
eighteen days, and lost the use of my arm, and could
not raise my hand to my head, and hearing of tno
wonderful cures effected by DeGrath’s Llectnc On,
and by the application of the Electric Oil I was im
mediately enabled to raise my hand to my head and
take oft’my hat. Thank God I am well* and I chcer-
fully recommend it to all afflicted. Tho application
was made before a hundred persons.
[Signed] Yours truly,
A. JORDAN.
Witness—J. A. Hafer, J. W. Brantley, Chas. II.
Rogers, Lewis Young, Geo.T. Franklin, J. W .Ader-
hold, A. B. Ross, Ed. G. Jeffers, 13. P. Freeman, E.
Price.
Macon, April 8,1857.
Prof. DeGrath.—Dear Sir: I, Capt B. B. Smith,
hereby certify that I have been aftlicted with Rheu
matism for four years, and at times could not sleep.
By hearing of the wonderful cures by DeGrath s
Electric Oil I was induced to try it, ami the first ap
plication of tho Electric Oil I was at once relieved,
aud now have the perfect use of iny arm. Tlio ap
plication •was made before fifty persons.
B. B. Smith, Twiggs Co.
We the undersigned •were present.—J. J. Riley,
J. H. Brantlv, H. J. Cooper.
Sold bv J. H. A W. S. ELLIS, Druggist. Macon,
Ga. Kpl 28 lm
WHEAT FANS*
G RANT’S Patent Fan Mills, the best in use for
general purposes of a Fan Mill and Separator
atone operation. All sizes just received and for
« ilo by NATHAN WEED, Macon.
apl .21
1857. SPRING FASHIONS! 1S57
A FINE ASSORTMENT OF
Cloths, Cassimcrs, Marseilles, and
LINENS OF EVERY VARIETY,
Which will be made up by COMl'E TEST
WORKMEN, in the most approved style.
Opposite Bank of Middie Georgia.
mar21—3m C. H. IJAIKD.^
Fine Ready Made Clolliiin^ l
F ROM the House of D. DEVLIN & CO., New
York, now receiving. C. II. BAIRD.
ALL THE NOVELTIES
IN THE
Gentlemen’s Furnishing Dcparl-
MENT.
Now opening by C. H. 13AJ UD.
mar 24—3m
HOUSE POWERS,
WHEAT FANS,
THRESHING MACHINES,
GRAIN CRADLES,
SCYTHE BLADES,
GRASS HOOKS,
For sale by , „„„
„pi 28 CARHAKT Sc Cl UI).
LIVERY STABLE
BIJSIXESS.
GRIER Sf MASTERSON.
HAVING purchased the
Extensive and Central /
MVFHY STABLER. LA /_V
Long occupied by MASON A DIBBLE, Corner of
Mulberry and Third sts. Macon, with all the stock
and equipments of the concern, are now prepared to
accommodate ihe public in the various branches ot
their business, on the most reasonable terms,
For Csisli only.
[y Carriages and other Vehicles always on hand
for hire, with good horses and careful drivers. A.so
die Horses, for the useof Ladiesand Gentlemen,
sept 16
OLD RYE WHISKEY.
8 Bis. Old Rye Whiskey, I’uro article ; for Sale by
ma y 12 McCALLlE A JONES.
B O.-VDM of the city of Savannah, for Sale by
may 13 E. BOND.
