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Wcckljt Oflicial Journal of the United States. Official Journal of the State of Ueergia. THE JEW BRA Will Vikbicat* ns Pusemxs aid ns Polmt or tu Betusucax Pastt, ass Sor- rotT its Hosnms. Bran ass Natural. OE.TEKAl GRANT, The Pilot wio cas ass will scisi m |^? or Stats sarlt theouoh itist atom. ATLANTA, (iEORMIA, : : MAY 24, 1871 OUR TICKET FOR 1872, I Subject to the action of the Republican National Ojuienllrm.) FOB PRESIDENT, ULYSSES S. GRANT. FOE VICE PRESIDENT, AMOS T. AKERMAN. The weather throughout England is fair and favorable to the growing crops. Tbero is a great deal of sickness, this season, in Southwestern Georgia. Fastidious people in New York object to smoking in the street cars. Federalism appears, at present, to be the leading idea in Austrian politics. At the peace celebration, in Philadelphia, the other day, there were 30,000 Germans in line. The Lincoln Monument, at Springfield, Illinois, will be inaugurated about the 1st of July. Boston brags about her “free baths," but New York points triumphantly to her “free fights.” Rochefort was cheered by tho Parisians the other day. A sure sign that his bead is in danger. Hon. C. C. Bowen, M. C., of South Caro- lina, will bo tried for bigamy, in Washington, on Tuesday next The New York Times accuses the Legisla ture of passing laws so framed as to serve the interests of .Tim Fisk and Jay Goold. Franco is coquetting with the Pope. Ca tholicism is able to dispense with so feeble and fickle a friend. Tho Now York Advertiser sneeringly re marks that Georgia diamonds will bring about ono dollar per pound. Mace says he will “ put in ** at Kansas City on June 2d. If Coburn dosen’t come to time he will claim all the “swag.” ‘•State Rights” in its Last Analyst*. Among the Rights of the States under the Federal Constitution, as defined by Mr. Stephana and accepted by the revolutionary party in this and other States, is the “right” of Seoession. Therefore, commenting upon the assumption of an “accept-the-situation- Democrat,” the Newnan Herald says: The only thing settled by tie war was that the at tempt at seeessioa (oaly oae of the many rights of tho States) made by certain States, was abortive. The effort, we aey was e failure, bat the right remained unimpaired, and when tho Confederate armies surren dered, the United States Constitution soli recognized every right the States ever alloyed or claimed. The subsequent legislation of Congress need not now be discussed. True, such discussion is wholly unnecessary, if not wholly impracticable, under an hypoth esis that makes the will of a single State para mount to the authority of the United States. The very hypothesis precludes all argument tonching the validity of the amended articles of the Constitution, as well as of the Recon struction acts of Congress. For, admitting the premise that the “right** of secession is inherent and constitutional, no elaoae in our fundamental or statute laws can be valid that provides against the peaceable execution of this right of secession. Nothing can be more self-evident If a man has the right to mnrder his neighbor, no law having for ita object the prevention of snch murder can be valid. To enforce such a law wonld be to do violence to a “right” inalienable, and therefore subversive of all civil and politica rights! If Georgia, or any other one of the thirty- seven States, has the rbjht to secede, then all legislation by Congress, and al! constitutional amendments by “the people of the United States,” looking to a denial of the right to exercise that right, is indeed “usurp ation, revolutionary, null and void.” Only think of the absurdity of the thing. Here is a State polling some two hundred thousand votes. Of these two hnndred thou sand voters, one hnndred thousand and one are competent to say just when and how, and for what cause the State may secede from the Union. That is to say, one hundred thou sand and one voters in Georgia hold the desti nies of the National Government They have the •right” to perpetuate that Government or de stroy it according to their Sovereign pleasure; and all articles of fundamental law, and all acts of Congress looking to a denial of this ■acred right is “usurpation, revolutionary, nail and void." All such articles of funda mental law,and all such statutes are necessarily "revolutionary, ** because thoy practically deny the existence of a Rioht, by peremptorially denying the right of its peaceable exercise or enjoyment! Hence tho present admirable Government of Mexico is the highest type of a free govern ment, because it fully recognizes tko principle of Local Sovereignty. And since the wars and feuds in that country always result from this great principle of Local Sovereignty, they are clearly “Constitutional! ” The wheat raising belt is said to be shifting to the southward. Texas, it is predicted, will I ccomc tho empire wheat raiser. The present state of affairs in France provas conclusively that Paris is not France. The entire country is arrayed against the insurgent city. Central K on tacky is strongly in favor of the Southern Railroad. The “State Sovereignty * shriekers with their uanal stupidity, oppose the project. The Republicans favor it. When a man fools with poison he ought to die. Mr. Henry M. Bragg, of Brooklyn, tried a little hydrate of chloral the other night, and didn't wake up any more. Served him right Tho LaGrange Reporter criticises the or thography of tho Rome Commercial. Shade of Webster, we invoke thy presence ! The Reporter's audacity is sublime. They refase to accept education as a charity in North Carolina. Teachers employed under the Peabody trust have been warned to desist from their noble work, although they educate white and colored children alike. A Tennessee critic calls Blind Tom a child of song and prodigious performer, and pre dicts that among all the wonders of the age Blind Tom will be remembered and recorded iu the pages of history as the most wonderful. It is a curious fact that most of the great musical composers have been childless.— llaydn, Beethoven, Corelli, Tergolese, Rossini, Spontini, Auber, Wagner and Schumann are among the instances. The Atlanta Sun calls the Rev. Mr. Froth- iugham, of Boston, “a fool.” We advise our contemporary to let preachers alone. The re mark quoted above shows very plainly that ho Sun never heard of Frothing ham before. The Atlanta Constitution says that Thiers “ must go down.” Our neighbor doubtless feels exultant over this state of affairs, as it now entertains the firm conviction that it “ must go op !** We have received another copy of the Deutsche Zeitung. It contains a very well writ ten article on Die Grundzugt des von der lichen Commission Vereiobarten fbrtrages. We do not copy it, however, as it might prove “Caviare to the general.” Tho Tribune calls tho World ‘"an absurdly hysterical paper,” and accuses it of telling “silly fibs.” Now, after snch a slam as that, what can Manton Marble. Billy Hurlbut, and Salem Dutcher do but sit down and tear their hair in sheer despair ? Having lost all hope of ever being able to induce General Grant to accept the Demo cratic nomination to the Presidency, our Democratic triends have picked up Gen. Sher man. The Marietta Journal leads tho way. It is for Sherman. Tho L mdon Saturday Review is trying to bolster up the House of Guelph. Labor lost. Tho English people like peace and good gov ernment, but they an* becoming very econom ical, and they are unwilling to throw away any money upon kings and queens and their pro geny- We are inclined to regard Pyatt, one of the leaders Paris Communists, as being both fool and fiend. He desires to blow up the Hotel des Invalides because that boliding contains the remains of the First Napoleon. Now that the Parisians have sank to the level of brutes it is only natural that they should desire to annihi late everything in the shape of a Maw, living or dead ! The Artof Tslkiag and Cite ArtofWa As a general rale, great military captains are very indifferent talkers. As speech makers they are positive failures. There is very little imagination in the mental make up of a great captain. Frederick tho Great could play his flute, as Carlyle tells us, but he could not make a speech; and he had the good sense not to try. Neither Napoleon nor Wellington were good talkers. Washington and Lord Clive both wrota readily and well, but neither of them could make a creditable speech. Andrew Jackson could barely man age to say “thank yon” in response to a toast General Lee was never guilty of blabbing, either tx-cathedra or upon the Ilia words were few and well chosen. He had net a single element of the orator. General Grant has always evinced his aversion to speech making. He can’t make a speech; he knows it, and has too much sense to attempt it Neither -lo. Johnston, nor Longstreet, nor Beauregard, nor Albert Sydney Johnson were ever guilty of speech making. That pleasant duty was usually left to the “ political Gen erals " and “ cross roads Colonels.” Very recently there was a military reunion at Boston. Some of the ablest and most dis tinguished of the United Slates officers were present There was plenty of wine, of oonrse; and General Hooker seemed to bo laboring under the apprehension that somebody had laid a plot to make him President of the United States. He was constantly upon the qui vire as to what was said to or about him, as well as to what was expected that ho would say in return. He enjoyed the banquet, but hoped there were “no politics' in it! “I came not here,” said he, “to acquire the reputation of a politician, but to see soldiers. I don’t care at all for talking soldiers, but for those who can fight. I am hero not to talk, not to play politician. I do not waul to do either. And having thus relieved bis mind. Fighting Joe returned to his wine and almonds. He, for one, is in little danger of being ranked among “the talking soldiers,” being, as be most emphatically is, “one of those who can fight” General Sheridan was brought to his legs, but he was back again in his chair in about one minute. General Burnside merely remarked that “he came there for the express purpose of listening.’’ General Heintzelm&n was through in a few seconds.’’ General Cas- tar merely “bowed bis acknowledgements.' General Ingalls addressed the company as fol lows: “I am very much obliged to you!” SncU are the specimens of martial oratory. They are golden brevities, such as military men usually delight in. There were, we are told, long speeches and good ones; but the speakers were almost unknown as military leader*. They belonged to the politician olass—men who obtained “handles to their names” and epaulets for their shoulders by raising regiments of volnnteers rather than by planning successful campaigns or storming batteries. Floyd County. Mr. J. A. Stewart, of Rome, is, if we under stand the significance of his latest political manifests, a candidate for the Legislature. He seeks the position of Representative from Floyd county, made vacant by the death of Mr. H. A Gartrell. He is opposed to carrying the State Road lease before the next General Assembly for adjudication. He thinks the State Court is the place to settle the validity of the contract whereby Ex-Gov. Brown now holds possession of the Road. Mr. Stewart is not a Democrat—in the party sense. He is not a Republican. He is not a Radical He was a Whig when the Whigs had an organization. He opposed Secession, and he opposed Reconstruction. He discloses considerable ambition. He hM written mnch since the war; was once spoken of in connection with the nomination to Congress, and would like to be Governor, as several other worthy gentlemen would like to be. Like quite a number of good and true men, bis party has not yet been organized. We believe his platform has never been clearly announced, or if announced, not now remem bered. Bat be is a good man. He is a rep resentative man. He would make a very creditable member of the General Assembly. In*Treating Corrcipondrncr. Lave l>ccu permitted to copy from the records in the Executive Office the following interesting correspondence: LxFatette, Walk eh County, Ga., I May 12 th, 1871. { Hon. Rufus B. Bullock, Governor of Georgia: Sib—I am a Democrat I believe that you and your party are fast driving the ship of State to ruin. I wonld not, therefore, will ingly and wantonly furnish you with a sword to stab my party, which I conscientiously be lieve to be the only hope of the country. Po litical motives wonld, therefore, prompt me not to write this letter. But a great crime has been committed. A fellow mortal has been hurled, without a mo ment’s warning—with his sins all fresh upon him—into the presence of his God by the hand of one to whose footsteps the highways of crime are familiar, and under ciscumstances which constitute tho crime a murder. My duty to the memory of the murdered dead —to the lacerated feelings, the torn and bleeding hearts of the surviving relatives of the de ceased—and more than all, that higher and holier duty we all owe to the vindication of violated law and outraged society, outweigh all motives of a political nature, and prompt me to make the following statement and re quest : On last Saturday (the 7th of this month) one Marcus A Ellison—who says he is the same man for whose apprehension a reward o a thousand dollars was paid, for the mnrder of a negro in Walton county some time ago, (since yon were in office) and who was tried and acquitted for the offense last year, I think--shot and killed Thomas M. Coalter, in this connty, under circumstances of great coolness and deliberation. It was a political quarrel, as the accompanying extract from the testimony before the committing court will show. The murderer is of my party, the murdered man of yours. The murderer has been arrested and tried before two magistrates, one of each party, and has been committed to jail and is now in jail at this place. The evi dence (see extract) has a tendency to show that the man is a Ku-Klnx, and it is the gen eral opinion of all who witnessed the dogged indifference to his fate manifested by him on the committing trial and while under arrest, that he is connected with some band of organ ized outlaws that he feels will come to his relief. Almost every man who has been put in our jail since the surrender, on any serious charge, unless he was a negro, has been broken ont or has gotten ont in some way. It has not been six months since a man was put in it on a charge of assault with intent to murder, and a band of disguised men came at night, de manded and obtained the key of the jail from the jailor, and turned him out in less than three weeks from his committal. I have no idea that this prisoner main in our jail till our Court, on the last Monday in Aogast next I therefore most re spectfully suggest that yoar Excellency order his removal to the Penitentiary or some other safe place for safe keeping. Your Excellency has a precedent for such a course set you by Governor Brown in a noted case. I am a brother-in-law to the prosecutor who was a brother to tho deceased, but I am not related to the deceased, nor was he at the time of his death on speaking terms with me. I refer you for information iu regard to me to our Solicitor General, Colonel Forsyth, and to Judge Harvey. I am counsel for the prosecu tion. Respectfully, D. C. Sutton. P. 8.—We want no troops here. They wonlc only aggravate and make matters worse. But what we want is that the map should he removed to some safe place until court The civil laws are ample if we can only keep the man here. D. C. S. The following is an extract of the testimony in the case as taken down by R. N. Dickerson, Clerk of the Superior Court, a disinterested man, and a Democrat: “There seemed to be a difficulty between them. Witness was iu the house. Coulter and defendant was out of doors. Witness went out to them three times and asked them to keep peace. Witness went out and under stood what the difficulty started from. Elli son said Coulter had accused him of being a Ku-Klux. Witness then went back in the house. The fuss commenced again about Grant Coulter said something in Grant's fa vor which defendant did not like. Defendant drew his pistol and presented it towards Coul- Conlter was on his right and defendant on his left,” Ac , Ac., Ac. wealthy, intelligent and law abiding citzens, and it is unfortunate for the reputation of our tfiate as a body of law abiding people, that a gentleman occupying the important position In one of the most desirable counties that you do, should arrive at the enormous conclusion that the misdoings of bad men can be Q6ed, even figura tively, as a sword wherewith to stab the party which you conscientiously believe to be “the only hope of the conntry. ” Hopeless indeed would be tho county if its onlyclependence were upon a party that wonld shield the man who commits a mnrder because hif victim had the temerity to speak well of the President of the United States. |i Your report is that you are tearful that a man who boasts of having been apprehended under the influence of a reward one thou sand dollars, charged with committing a mur der upon a negro, for which crime he was tried and acquitted, and who has now openly and publicly, as you report, eouimitted a murder, will not be allowed to remain in the custody of the high sheriff of tEe county in which the crime was perpetrated, and to whom the prisoner has been delivered by the order of the magistrates, and that therefore it is necessary that the prisoner should be trans ferred to some other connty jail, or to the pen itentiary. You do not assert that there is any want in your county of the necessary and usual jail buildings and other means for securing and detaing prisoners, but on the contrary yon inform me that you fear that local sympathy with the criminal will be sufficifcfiT'cause of action with those whom you believe will re lieve him, because the prisoner Ifr* Democrat, and is supposed to be a Ku-Klnx, and that almost every man who has been? put in your jail since the surrender on any serious charge, unless he was a negro, has been Igoken out or gotten ont iu some way. Now, sir, as yon, being a lawyer, are well aware it is not ly the privilege under the law,but the duty, of the sheriff to summon any number of the good and law-abiding citizens d| your county to aid him, when necessary, ance of his official duty, and tha^ of the Ordinary to provide for expenses incurred in that conAction; there fore, until this effort to enforq the law has been made and fails, I am unwi mg to admit that there are not a sufficient nt aber of good citizens in yoar county ready anc rilling to res- Are Wc a\mtion ! sr J. XORCEOSS. , in the perform- thajit is the duty le necessary ent to which The New York Tribnno asks, “ Shall mur der be punished ? ” Certainly not H. G. is evidently behind the times. Has he not heard of Maithns, and his terrible statistics? Has he not read what Lord Amberley said the other day about the alarming increase of pop- nlation ? Under all the circumstances it | John ^ 1>og . n Dan. Voorhees have the wonld, perhaps, be better to let mnrder go no- flnegt , oicM of any two men in Washington. punished. It relieves this suffering sphere of its superfluous humanity, and then it is popu lar. As an evidence of this fact we point tri- amphantJy to the verdicts of American juries all 0T67 the country. The New York Central Park is to have t nice little pet in the shape of a cinamon bear. The brute will only weigh abont eight hun dred pounds. Executive Department, i Atlanta, Ga., May. 20, 1871. f D. C. Sutton, Esg., Attorney at Law, Lafayette Court House, Walker county, Georgia: Sib—I am in receipt of your communication of the 12th instant, forwarded through Solici tor General Forsyth, from Rome, under date of tho 18lh instant, wherein yon inform me that a prisoner has been committed to the cus tody of the sheriff of Walker connty, charged with the crime of murder, after the proper preliminary proceedings, before the magis trates, and that you have fears the prisoner will be unlawfully taken from the sheriff’s cus tody and set at liberty, and for this reason you suggest that I issue an Executive order for the removal of that prisoner to the penitentiary, or some other place for safe keeping. Yon also inform me that I have “ a precedent for such a course, set for me by Gov. Brown in a noted case.” You further advise me in a post script that you want no more troops, that “ they would only aggravate and make matters worse.” The above are the material points presented in your communication, but in the opening paragraph of your letter you write as follows am a Democrat. I believe that you and your party are fast driving the ship of State to ruin. I weald not, therefore, willingly and wantonly furnish yon with a sword to stab my party, which I conscientiously believe to be the only hope of the country. Political motives would therefore prompt me not to write this letter Now, the impression necessarily created by this paragraph from yoar letter is that your re porting to me officially in yonr capacity as an attorney-at-law the fact that you have tody of the sheriff a prisoner who is charged with murder, and that in yonr opinion there is danger that other persons sympathizing with bis crime will, by force, take the prisoner from that custody, must necessarily be under stood and accepted as cause for discredit to the political organization known as the Democratic party. In other words, that by so reporting, you furnish me with “a sword to stab yonr party;” a paity which you believe to be the only hope of the country, and that, therefore, your political opinions would prompt you to withhold the report. Uyon this point, I would respectfully sug gest—and I doubt not but that upon reflection yon will agree with me—that in this you do the Democratic party grave injustice. I belong to a political organization known as j“the Na tional Union Republican party,” or in other words, I am a Republican, but I do not be lieve, nor so far as my knowledge extends, do my political associates believe that the party opposed to us is made up of, or, as a party, should be held responsible for the wrong do ing of every sooundrel who violates the law and then seeks to shield himself from its pen alties by claiming to be a Democrat On the contrary, we believe, as we claim for ourselves that the majority of those making up the Dem ocratic party in this State are of the most pond to the call of the sheriff in holding for trial the mi this murder. To accept the would be to assume that the the county of Walker sym] were ready to assist in or pel a murderer because that Heved to be a Ku-Klux, ai a member of the Democratic man who lost his life was “had said something in Grant' the murderer did not like. I do not believe that you ing citizens of Walker con: it to be said that a man your county because he is National Administration, derer shall either be abroad, untried and Iu urging me to effect admit this, you action of Governor Brown named, daring his admini civil administration of Gov< one that reflected great cri and wonld necessarily add of any one of his successors fortunate enough to equal ik dent in believing that Gov< he iu my place, would by his action pie ot V* all in this case to act upon you refer me, and order this prisoner to be re moved beyond their control. With your suggestion, that no troops are needed in your county, that their pres ence would only aggravate and make matters worse, I heartily concur. The military arm of the National Govern ment, without martial law to make it effective, has no terror for evil doers, and can prove no protection to peace able citizens. The presence of troops under snch circumstances would neces sarily aggravate and make worse a con dition of affairs wherein good people were trying to maintain and uphold the author ity of civil law, and were assailed by bad men who sought to create sympathy for themselves by assuming to be members of a favorite political organization. The presence of United States soldiers under such circum stances, without authority to act, simply serves to encourage the assassin by the free dom from their arrest, which he feels even when he strikes down the citizen in their very presence for speaking well of the President, their Commander-in-Chief. For the reasons herein stated, I must de cline to accede to yonr suggestion, and shall hope and believe that when you and the sheriff call on the good citizens of your county to aid you in holding yonr prisoner lor trial that you will find them ready and willing to res- spond promptly and efficiently. Very respectfully, Rufus B. Bullock. It is quite evident that the chief strength, if any strength it has, of Mr. Calhoun's and Mr. Stephens’ State sovereignty dogma, and tho non-sovereignty and non-nationality of Uuited States is derived from the omission of the word sovereignty and the word nation in the Constitution of the United States, jusi as if a large vessel with three masts would not be a ship, because the word ship was not painted on it, or just as if a farm would not be a farm because it had no sign stuck up with the word farm on it, or just as if a covenant could not be a covenant between two or more persons because the word cove-' uont was not written in the instrument that forms the covenant. It is evident, then, that the plendid array of logic and rhetoric, the structures and castles of these gentlemen are all reared, or chiefly reared, upon this light and airy, this soft and sandy foundation ot omissions. I referred to the fact in a former article that the words confederation, compact and alliance were only employed in the Con stitution in a prohibitory and restrictive sense upon the States. And it is clear and incon testable that no State in this Union, unless it be Texas before it became a State, ever has for one moment, or on any occasion, except when in a state of rebellion, ex ercised the rights, powers or attributes of sovereignty or a nation, or has been so regard-1 ed, or so treated, by any other part or people of the world. Whereas, on the other hand, the Government of the United States has through some thirty or forty provisions of the Consti tution, and for more than eighty years, exercised all the attributes, all the powers of sovereignty and a nation, binding the States and the people thereof in treaties and laws, in all relations and forms, in peace and in war, without even asking or consulting any persons, powers or parties except the con stitutionally appointed delegates of the States, and the people who constitute the Government. And all other people, all other nations, and the whole world have so esteemed and so re garded this Government and the whole peo ple from the beginning, not daring to treat or regard any State, or auy fraction of the States, or of the people, in any other light than as a sovereignty and a nation as a whole Again, it is quite evident, it is self evident to those who will stndy and reflect a little, that the legitimate result and end of Mr. Cal houn’s and Mr. Stephen’s elaborate structure of logic and rhetoric, if any such result it has, is either to send the sovereignty and nation ality of this country back to tho British Crown and the British people, or to resolve this Na tional Government and alt the governments of the country into uothing, and leave the conntry and the people in a primitive and an archical state. Without taking into account our late civil war a careful study of the history of the United States from the latter part of the Revolutionary war, to the adoption of the Constitution in 1789, when State Soveignty pretentions were noisy and rampant, will con vince auy one of this. But the main object of this article is to quote some of the sayings and sentiments of the Fathers of the Constitution and Government, on this very question. Are we a nation? Thirty years constant din of this polythistic dogma into the ears of the people, to tho exclu sion of the sound and safe political theology of our fathers, and the revolutious and rebellious spirit the dogma everywhere engenders, the dark and repulsive cloud it casts over our pros pects and heritage, demand that the sayings and sentiments of the fathers, should be often consulted. The first quotation I make is from the ad- ^’kfirete oi uieiLaerui'coL.uuuuu fv*u*oa ATLANTA. ^ Philadelphia A correspondent of the Philadelphia City Item, who has been traveling through Georgia, writes under date Atlanta, May 12th, as follows: From Angusta we made a run at eight hoars to Atiauto, on our route passing many inter esting towns and villager. At one town, Mad ison, I think, some enterprising typo has hung out b» shingle, and is publishing a pa per called the Madison Journal Atlanta is the city of Georgia—rattling, bustling, busy Atlanta —the Gate City of the South and West. Here is the place for capital, .Igjr- enterprise, for energy exerted in every way. Not pat down on the map of tho United States in 1&0; in 1850, a town of considerable importance; in 1800, a city in name; in 18G5, torn, burned, destroyed, scarcely recognizable by those who knew it before the war; in 1871, it is a flour ishing, growing, vital city, tilled with business men, all anxious to make money, and all mak ing inouey, and yet all courteous, kind, gener ous, open hearted and hospitable. People from the north, sooth, east and west are invited cordially to come to the Gate City. Come and bring your capital, your energy, your business talent; come and help to build up the city, help to beautify it, help to render it attractive, and build yourselves homes, where health will be preserved and built up, where the climate is delightful—the winter not too cold nor the summer too hot—where wealth is sure to flow into oar coffers, where the citi zens are peaceable and quiet, whare schools are good, and where yon are sure to prosper in every way. There has been much opposition to the ad ministration in this Btate; bat it has been by tho extremists, those who were disappointed in the results of the war—the failure of the Rebellion. But tho extremists are being completely shelved, pnt away, and a mnch better feeling exists now than at any time since the war. In South Carolina the ex citement is still kept up by demagogues of both parties, but it will gradually die ont The people, not leaders only, were disappointed by the failure of Congress to pass a general amnesty bill, bnt they feel assured it will come at the neprt session, and so they go to work determined to build up their fortunes. We have received a copy of “The English American,” a handsome eight page paper, published by Charles W. Field, at 21 York Street Chambers, Manchester, and No. 15 North John Street Liverpool England. The paper is printed by young girls, and is inter esting and valuable to English and American renders. the Constitution of the United States, when they had completed the work. This address was to the Federal Congress, by whose au thority the Convention had been convened, and by whose authority the new Constitution was to be submitted to the p.eople of the States for ratification. It was unanimously adopted by the Convention and Bigued by Washington, the President of the body, September 17,1787. ‘In all our'deliberations,” say they, “upon this subject, we kept steadily in oirr view that which appears to us of the greatest interest to evary American, the consolidation of onr Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, and perhaps our nrtional existence." In this short quotation we have the gist and spirit of the whole address—the condensed sentiments of the very men who framed the Constitution, for they continue, “this important considera tion seriously and deeply impressed our miDds.” I have italicised the words, “consoli dation” and “national existence,” as I suppose, they were in the original copy. The first and probably the only recorded ex pression of Mr. Jefferson, touching the new Constitution, daring its discussion and adop tion (for he was Minister to France daring the whole time) is found in a letter to Mr. Madison, dated Paris, Dec. 16th, 1786. In the letter this sentence occurs: “To make us one nation in foreign concerns aud keep us distinct in domestic ones gives the outlines of the proper division of power between the -general and particular governments.” “Nation” and “outlines” were words expressive of the pre vailing views of that day. We need not quote from Mr. Jefferson when he was aspiring for the Presidency fourteen years later. He was then writing and fostering in the dark the Vir ginia and Kentucky State sovereignty resolu tions for the purpose of partisan and lec- tioneering capital, and upon which resolutions he is accused by Mr. Calhoun and others of going back after his election. But be that as it may, we find in his first inaugural address (1801) these sentences and sentimentss rising nation, spread over a wide and fruitful land, traversing all the seas with the rich pro ducts of their industry.” His first annual ad dress commences thus: “It is a circumstance of sincere gratification to me that on meeting the great council of our nation," etc. Farther on he says, speaking of the recent election “Being now decided by the voice of the nation, according to the rales of the constitution, al will array themselves under the will of the law.” And so on he frequently uses the word nation and national when the words union, United States, or confederation would do qnite as well Iu a word, be was no longer a Federalist or a State sovereignty man. but a National Republican, and a very bold and arbi trary one he proved to be. But let us go back and quote from the Fa ther of bis Country and other Fathers of the Republic. Washington in his first Inaugural Address, 1790, speaks of our “national pros perity” and recommends “the institution of a National University.” He never fails to em ploy such terms when they will answer his purpose- In bis ever memorable Farewell Address he uses the word nation and national not less than twenty times, and as all know, his heart and soul were set on the consolida tion, perpetuity and gl6iy of the people as a nation. John Adams, tho successor of Washington in the Presidency, in his first Inaugural, 1797, calls Congress “the Representatives of the na tion,” and usetf snch terms as these : “Rela tions of the nation and country,” “happiness of the nation,’-’ “the nation for the national good,” “national income,” “throughout the nation,” “the continuance of God’s blessing upon the nation," and so on in all his State papers, daring the very time when Jefferson was firing up the old State jealousy and pre tended State sovereignty, with the Virginia and*Kentucky Resolutions, and which as we have seen and as every historical reader knows, fell flat to the ground as soon as Mr. Jefferson was in the Presidential Chair, and which were never heard of, or revived thereafter until about the year 1832, when they were brought out from the musty records to back up nullifica tion, secession and rebellion, which was then contemplated, and snubbed by Jackson, yot still kept alive until these destructive ends were consummated. But let us go back and begin again. We will now quote from the Federalist a series of papers as all know written by Mr. Madi son, Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Jay, to explain to the people the new Constitution. In these papers, these friends and advocates of the Constitution, work of their own hands, for they were all in the Convention that framed it, would naturally soften down and apologize for all its features against which attacks were directed^ It was attacked with the greatest severity by mauy, and especially by all those who feared the loosening of their hold and in fluence upon the States by its adoption. Mr. Hamilton in paper No. 1, thus speaks: “ The vigor of Government is essential to the security of liberty. Iu the contemplation of a sound and well informed judgment, the in terests of the people can never be separated and a dangerous ambition more often lurks behind a dangerous zeal for the rights of the people, than under the forbiding appearances for the firmue9.s and efficiency of Government.” Mr. Jay in paper No. 2, says : “This country and this people seem to have been made for each other, and it appears as if it was the design of Providence that an inheri tance so proper and convenient for a land of bretheren, united to each other by tho strong est ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial communities and alien sovereignties. In No. 3: “Although town, or country, or other contracted influence, may place men in State assemblies, or senates, or courts of justice, or executive departments, a more general and ex tensive reputation for talents and other qualifi cations will be necessary to recommend men to offices under the National Government. * * Hence it will result, that the adminis tration, tho political councils, and the judicial decisions of the National Government will be more wise and judicious than those of indi vidual States, and consequently more satisfac tory to other nations, as well os more safe with respect to ourselves.” The chief and vital point sought to be gained by the new Constitution was the right and the power for the General Government to take ef fect directly upon the people—upon individu als—instead of legislating for States as such, as was mainly the case under the Articles of Confederation. On this point in truth hung the question whether the States were to con tinue in a Confederacy only, held together by a leagne, an alliance, or a compact only, to be broken at pleasure by any State, or that the people were to constitute a nation politically and legally speaking, as they had been con sidered by tho outside world, morally and his torically speaking, ever since the Declaration of Independence. In the Convention to form the new Constitution a contest had taken place, not as tc whether the people did or did not then constitute a nation, bnt &9 to whether the General Government should l>e authorized to inforce its decrees upon tho States by the co ercion of tho sword, or by direct legisla. tion upon the people, and iu the “last analy sis” of course by the sword also. In no case did any member of the Convention argne against the right of coercion per se, on the part of the General Government On the de fects of the Confederation, on the imbecility, the confusion, the wreck and rnin it was everywhere producing, and the comparative merits of the two kinds of Government, both Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Madison treat at large Mr. HmmIUb UkM * UiOA. reticul and Mr. Madison a historical view. Mr. M. closes the disenssion on bis part in these words—Paper No 20 : I make no apology for having dwelt so long on the contemplation of these Federal precedents. Experience is the oracle of truth; aud where its responses are unequivocal, they ought to be conclusive and sacred. The im portant truth which it unequivocally pro nounces in the present case is, that a sov ereignty over sovereigns, a government over governments, a legislation for communities as contro-distinguished from individuals as it is a solicism in theory, so in practice; it is sub versive of the order and ends of civil polity by substituting violence iu place of laic, or the destructive coercion of the record in place of the mild aud salutary coercion of the mag istracy." I would like to quote more extensively from these great masters in logic and statesman ship, for the reason that nobody at the Sonth read them since the days of nullification. Almost everybody reads the heresies of Cal houn and McDuffee instead. I would like to quote enough to show the views, both of Mr. Madison and Mr. Hamilton, as to the National and Federal character of the Constitution; also their view’s of the powers left with the States; but I cannot do so without making this article too long. I must close with one other extract from Mr. Madison. In Paper No. 40, he discusses the authority under which the Convention act in forming the Con stitution. He gives the preamble and the res olutions the Federal Congress passed in September, 1786, as follows. The italics are the same as found in the book: “Whereas, there is a provision in the Arti cles of Confederation and perpetual union for making alterations therein by the assent of a Congress of the United States and of the leg islatures of the several States; and whereas, experience hath evinced that there are defects iu the present confederation, as a means to remedy which, several of the States, and par ticularly the State of New York, by express in struction of their delegates in Congress, have suggested a convention for the purposes ex pressed in the following resolution; and such convention appearing to be the most probable means of establishing in these States a firm National Government: “Resolved, That in the opinion of Congress it is expedient that on the 2d Monday in May next, a convention of delegates, who shall have been appointed by the several States, be held at Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation, aud reporting to Congress and the several leg islatures such atteralions and provisions therein as shall, when agreed to iu Congress aud con firmed by the States, render the Federal Con- stition adequate to the exigencies of the Govern ment and the preservation of the Union. ” On these Mr. M. says: “From the two acts (that at Annapolis, and that at Philadelphia, February 4th, 1787,) that the object of the Convention was to es tablish in these States a firm National Gov ernment. 2. That this Government was to be such os would be adequate to the exigencies of the Government and the preservation of the Union. 3d. That these purposes were to be effected by alterations and provisions in the Ar ticles of Confederation, as it is expressed in the act of Congress, or by such further provisions as should appear necessary," etc., etc. Such are some of the views and sentiments ot the fathers, tonching this question, not supposed, it is not claimed that they over looked or ignored, or intended to overlook the importance of the States, or their n< rights and powers. But they did claim and hold that the true and absolute sovereignty of the country was in the people, the whole peo ple, and that their only organ or means for expressing it was the Government of the United States. To this end they formed the National Constitution, and bronght all their powers to bear in favor of its ratification by the people, which, through God, was done Whosoever heareth and abideth by these sen- ments and laws of our fathers, and doeth them, may be likened onto “a wise mau who built his house upon a rock; and the rain descended, and tho floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house and it fell not, for it was founded upon a rock.” And every one that heareth and abideth not by the sentiments and laws of our fathers, may be likened unto “a foolish man, who built his house upon the sand; and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house and it fell; and great was the fall of it” State News. By moil to tbe Bax] THOMAS TON. Mr. A. H. Brown is dead.... The Methodist District meeting will be held here the 5th Sun day in July. LUMPKIN. Some unknown fool, signing himself “Sphinx,” advertises in the Telegraph for a wife.... Heavy rains. spasta. Cotton crop injured by the rain... Another tournament will come off soon... .The tourna ment last Wednesday was a success. NEWXAX. The Lauderdale orphans sang on Friday evening Sunday schools are flourishing.., A horse and mule killed by lightning... .The Bowden Sabbath school have had a fine cel ebration. TALBOTTON. Dr. S. K. Oneal is lying seriously ill.. has been raining during nearly the whole of the present month Cotton prospect blue. Wheat crop will be almost an entire failure, owing to rust. ... Good Templars thriving well. ATHENS. The Banner of the 12tb. learns that Mr. M. W. Park was killed by Mathew Harris, &t a grocery twelve,miles from Athens, on the 6th instant. Cause: whisky... .Tho rust in wheat not so bad as first reported. There will be an average crop... .Mr. Law is announced to lec ture this week. The boys are training their horses for the coming race Hon. Jno. P. King is expected here iu a day or two. He has something to say about the Memphis Branch Railroad ques tion The library was opened yesterday.... A “Rome Stove and Hollow-ware Company” bos been organized. CUTHBHBT. Quite a nnrober of the hands on the Bruns wick and Abany Railroad buy their rations here.... H. I. Kimball was in tho city last week.... Robinson stabbed Osborne the other night and injured him severely. Both col ored .... ltev. R. B. Lester, pastor of the Methodist church, lost a daughter a few days ago. COLUMBUS. Mr. L. G. Schuessler has been elected Al derman of the Fifth Ward to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Capt. J. J. Grant. Business men are in favor of giving $150,000 iu bonds to the Savannah and Memphis Rail road. .. Everybody went to Troy, Ala., on a picnic, last Friday... .The Fair Grounds have been very much improved by the planting of trees.. . .There are now over 1,500 children at school in this city. AUCUSTA. The Chronicle of the 21st says: On yesterday morning the usual dullness of Augusta life was relieved by an earthquake, which pnt in an appearance about eight o’clock. Two distinct shocks were felt in va- Ti<rtaa fortioM of the city, there ueing an inter val of a few minutes between the shocks. They shook the houses a good deal, and frightened the inmates of some of them very badly. The shocks were also very plainly felt at the resi dence of Mr. C. H. Sibley, on the Milledge- villo road, and at Richmond Hill, on the Southwestern Plank Road, both places being about five miles distant from the city. The earthquake seems to have increased in vio lence as it receded from Augusta, and it may have done a good deal of damage in other por tions of the State. The Oglethorpe Manufacturing Company will be organized in a few days The wit nesses in the C. C. Bowen case have left for Washington City. MACON. Superior Court has adjourned until the 2d Monday in June The Colored Baptist Church was entered and robbed the other night... .Katie, the little daughter of Mr. J. H. Otto, fell into a tub of water the other day and was drowned.... The Telegraph of the 21st has the following : A difficulty, growing out of some business transaction, occurred yesterday afternoon at R. F. Woolfolk’s stove and tinware establish ment on Third street, between a Mr. E. Mc Donald and Sidney Ives, in which the latter fired three shots at the former. Ives was ning from his adversary while shooting, but would turn aud fire every chance he got Neither of the shots strnck McDonald, but of them took effect in the thigh of Mr. Janstetter’s little son, Theodore, who was on the street at the time, inflicting merely a flesh wound, from which, as Dr. Green informs ns, he will soon recover. GAINESVILLE. We clip the following items from the Air Line Eagle: ^ The colored population ot this city are abont to erect a house for public worship. Two car loads of freight were delivered by tho Air-Line Railroad, on Wednesday, two miles from this city. We learn that the engineer corps of the Oc- mulgee and North Georgia Railroad will re sume the survey of this road on or about the first of Jane. The bell purchased by the Methodist Church of Mr. A D. Candler rang forth its clear tones on Saturday evening last It weighs 786 lbs., and when it is put in proper position, can be heard some distance from the city. A mass meeting of the citizens of Hall county, in favor of a railroad from the city of Gainesville to Dahlonega, will be held in the city of Gainesville on Tuesday, the 4th of June. All the citizens of Hall county are in vited to be present Several speakers will ad dress the citizens on this important question. A heavy hail storm last Monday, which damaged the crops. . .The Brunswick and Albany Railroad is progressiug satisfactorily. It is to be completed to Albany by the 4th of July, and to the Chattahoochee by Novem ber... .Thro nateeska Fire Company visited the Wide Awakes of Americus. WILKES COUNTY. Mrs. Lucy Crosby dead; aged 88 years.... The Mississippi orphans received a benefit at Washington on Friday... .Cotton crop injured by recent heavy rains Grand Jary of the ooanty advised the Solicitor General, Math ews, to resign... .Judge Barnes, of the Dis trict Court, attempted to hold court last Mon day, but there being no Sheriff, Ac., present, no court was held—so says the Gazette. MACON. Superior Court still in session. The verdict of the jury in the case of Goode vs. the South western Railroad has not transpired Judge Lochrane was in the city on the 19th Rev. E. P. Walton is lecturing on Swedenborgen- ism... .Ten Indians of the Choctaw tribe in the city The Base Bailers are active Six negroes escaped from the guard house Thurs day night COLUMBUS. Superior Court meets on Monday A street railroad is talked of.... Water works are to be erected The Sun says: A regular passenger schedule between Ope lika and Lafayette, ou the East Alabama and Cincinnati Railroad, went into operation ou Wednesday last Trains leave Lafayette at 6 a. m., and arriving at Opelika at 7; returning, leave Opelika at 4 p.m., and arrive at Lafay ette at 5. A small but handsome engine, styled “Chambers,” with two elegant passen ger coaohes, will run betweeu the two points. This schedule will not be likely to benefit us much, unless we can secure a connection per Western Road. SAVANNAH. Aquatic sports are fashionable... The Ad vertiser of the 18th says: Yesterday while the dredge boat in charge of Capt J. S. Keanard, \ was engaged in excavating the embankment from in front of the proposed entrance to the new dry dock, about six feet below the sur face, and a distance of abont seventy-fire feet from low water mark, a small vessel was dis covered imbedded in the solid earth. After removing the top earth sufficiently the craft was discovered to be that of a small schoone* Her masts, which projected lengthwise to wards the river from where she had careened, were taken out of her. There is no telling how long the vessel has been buried sight, in all probability, since the days of Oglethorpe. . .The Metropolitan fire company visited Charleston.... It is said that Gould has been murdered in Florida The Atlanta Ice Machine has arrived.... Recent import dues amount to $41,000. The new Episcopal Church was dedicated last Sunday night. Bishop Beckwith preached last Monday night and confirmed some ten or twelve persons. Heavy rains have injured the ®rops. Rev. Mr. Smith will deliver a lecture at an early day, in behalf of Edgar A. Poe’s sister. The Dalton Citizen has the following: A man named Lewis liale, 87 years of age, living in Bradley county, Teun., near Red Clay, Ga., lost his life on Friday last under the following circumstances: It appears that he and a man named Harris, a near neighbor and hitherto warm friend, got into a dispute about some remark the latter had made, in which Hale gave Harris tho lie, whereupon Harris strnck him on the head and neck with his fist, from which he died that night. Ilale never spoke after he received the first blow. He was buried on Sunday last at the Red Clay graveyard. Harris is said to be a peaceable, clever man, an exemplary member of the church, and tho melancholy circumstance is said to affect him deeply. Hale was one the first settlers of Bradley county, and his tragic end produced universal sorrow in the neighborhood iu which be lived. An effort is being made to induce Swedidfe immigration. .. .The ia9t County Fair was a brilliant success... .The Journal gets off the following: Atlanta sent a train load of her negro popu lation up to Marietta, on last Monday, picnic- ing. They came beating drums and blowing brass horns, and marched pell-mell down to Glover’s grove, where they fiddled, danced, drank whisky and fought like wild cats. We learn that one negro woman shot another negro woman’s nose off, while several more pistol shots were fired and flesh wounds in flicted. Rocks, sticks, and bottles were used freely. These colored troops fight nobly every time they come up here to have a picnic. They went back fully satisfied and hoping that they may never see Marietta again, and we hope so too. AUGUSTA. Some little excitement about small sums of counterfeit money that has been imposed upon some of the bar-keepers Mrs. Lucy P. Read, an aged lady, was run over by a butcher wagon and seriously inj ired on the 18th.... Cow thieves are numerous. Some of them have been arrested.... A. Mr. Gordon, teacher in one of the public schools, was arraigned fqp paddling one of his pupils at a picnic. The case was dismissed by the magistrate.... The Savannah River is in good boating condition. ....Local papers urge the manufacture of blacbberry wine.... Tho turf men are prepay ing for another gm'rnt trot The pt $1,000... Eight days have elapsed since a “pair” of marriage license have been issued. THE BAPTISTS IN COUNCIL. Tbe Southern Baptist Convcntioa—The Law* Day’s Proceed ing*—Amendment to tbe Constitution—Report of Committee on Publication Department —Resolution of Thanks—Orphan Asylum, &c. St. Louis, May 17, 1871.—The Baptist Southern Convention concluded their session yesterday. The attendance was small, as a largo number of delegates had departed for their homes, and others were engaged in tak ing a view of the “future great city of the world ” before their departure for the South. A considerable body left at the close of the session to attend the Convention of the Baptist Church, North, now holding in Chicago. The MOBNING SESSION was opened with prayer by Rev. Mr. T. Sum ner, of Alabama, and tho minutes of yesterday were read by the Secretary. The usual devotional exercises were dis pensed wifh. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. An amendment was offered to the Constitu tion providing for the insertion of the words “Regular Baptist” iu the article defining the qualifications for members of the Convention, but which, after considerable debate, w&s laid on the table by a large majority, on th* ground that it was entirely unnecessary. KAPOBT OF PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT. The report of the Committee on the Publi cation Department was taken from the table, and discussed. After numerous verbal altcr^ tions, all that part of the report suggesting changes in the Home and Foreign Journal was stricken out. Rev. W. D. Thomas, of South Carolina, offered AN AMENDMENT opposing the establishment of a general pub lication department, and urging the Churches and Sunday Schools of the South to co-ope rate with the boards in their legitimate work, which, after a lengthy debate, was carried by a vote of 78 to 17. STEREOTYPED PLATES. Rev. Mr. Van Hoose, of Tennessee, pro posed a resolution authorizing the Sunday School Board to sell their stereotyped plates, and devote tbe proceeds to its legitimate ob jects. Lost. Rev. Mr. Imnan, of Tennessee, presented! the following RESOLUTION OF TH.OtKS. Resolved, That the thanks of this body he hereby tendered to our brethren and sister^ generally of St. Louis for the hospitality tended to the members of the convention dur ing its session, and to the proprietors of the papers of this city for their reports; also to the several railway and steamboat companies who have passed the members at reduced rates also to the hotels of this city who have enter tained the delegates at reduced rates. HEAVY BLOW AT THE PRESS. Mr. John William Jones, of Virginia, got up from a table, where he had been struggling with a mass of newspaper writing paper, and opposed the passage of the resolution. He was thankful for the reduced fare at tl^ hotel* and the kindness of the railroad companies, bnt was not in favor of the bestowal of thanks on the newspapers. The clause referred to was stricken out ana the resolution adopted. The Committee on an ORPHAN ASYLUM IN THE CHEEK NATION made their report, which was adopted On motion adjourned. What it C*«ti to be Kducated at West Point. The New Orleans Picayune foots up the de tailed West Point appropriations, with the following results : We find the amount to be about 316,000. If the corps averages one hun dred and twenty cadets, tho year’s expenses will be about $2,600, so that the four years’ tuition, training and subsistence oi every grad-#*' uated second lieutenant costs to the Govern ment a sum not exceeding ten thousand dol;*rs. An estimate may thus be made as to the cash value of an officer’s education and commis sion, of the extent of his moral obligation to retnrn an equivalent to the Government, and* of the cost of a collegiate course in one of our first-class colleges. The first number of the Daily Citizen is be fore us. It is a neatly printed paper of eight pages, and is full of interesting reading mat ter. The names of the editors and proprie tors do not appear.