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THE JACKSON ECONOMIST. |U)L- VIII. ■ Southern Cotton Hills. B lV utiuu-i from fourth gag". as ha could ask ■ a ' ffUl ,h to loud money to his uexgli -81, l .mi -'lah to say, a-e taking B'. , r amis. Properly oonstruct- B n reason why 8..,, factory s stock should B'beknv par. These facts are well B*r f0 our i'.ukms and they are ever B.V, „id M-al enterprise to build Th s they are doing by ad -8^EL...... i<r. one-third payment clue BLm,k prescriptions and holding Bribers’ note and slock as col- M , Wnile receiving good interest B;X a iv.uc -. they are reaping even B a ter advantages in assisting the B ng corporation to get on its, teet, to Kmatelveni.y the several benefits I B T6 mentioned. A cotton factory more money inte the Bank’s ; 1. a r-snlt of the increasing pros of the community. ■ V:;: 0 f o ur bankers are officers of the B. and one promiu ut financier is u ,;n her of factories scattered the State. Bh'Uiercomtsfi.id in the factory a H| e i (lii inves'inent for their spare cap- H from which they reap a doub'e Hit;- The dividends and the dev-dop of their trade, resulting, first. Hem the increased population attracted Htmvn by the mill and the larger conn- By trade which comes from the farm -rs Hiring their cotton to town, attracted Hr the higher prices paid by the mill. Krchants would find a few shares of Hock in a cotton factory a paying iu- Hstwent even if tlie y dever received a Hh'dend, for with the operatives, who He'd ordinarily five thousand dollors a Hcuth, anil t!ie farmers lhe money re Hhed for their cotton fro n the mill produce from the operatives, the Hercliants can reap a large profit, all Hoe solely to the prosenc > of the mill Bhicli their subscriptions aided to build. Hi one town whore I organized a mill ■ompan-, a p-ogressive young mor- Hiaut said he never received a dollar Hrofit on his stock, as he had visited Monroe, Ga., and found that the town Had increased 30 per cent, in population Bince their mill was built and that farm ■rs brought their cotton to Monroe from ■arms 20 miles a way, even going from Blaffion. He argued that with such Boaditions in his town he could afford Bo contribute to the mill to receive these Wvant'ges B hi general, more money in circulation ■till immediately benefit the merchant ■nd help to keep bad accounts off their ■noks, which I bjlievp are not the pro ■due of a desiie on the part of our pec* fcile to avoid payment, but are due large ly to the inadequacy of the $35 a bale ■or cotton they now receive into the fcommnnity to pay its debts. When the IBoatheru people manufacture their cot f JU h w ‘h briug to them $65 to $8 > a Pale and thus treble the money in cir ■culation. I A home mill, owned and operated by |* ae People of town and county, means to the farmers than any other class r° are the most vitally interested lia anything that has an effect on the Price of cotton These Southern cotton factories will, i u time, spin all the cot foa raised iu the South, and thus for e?er re ak the boudage of the cottou powers to the European and Northern Markets. To-day the price of our staple Product is fixed by men we never saw, 0 whom our prosperity is nothing and adversity nothing also. A war in JQtd Africa sends the price of South ® r Q cotton down oue-lialf a cent iu a - v - W hat-would happen if England s fl?‘ re Was broken up? The commerce j. 1 “ Wor ld would be|then disturbed as D f V " r Was since Rome fell, aud South 0r” ls would no lon per support their VQ rs. With enough factories in the nt to spin a ii the cotton we produce l?a' 0m mdr^et * s created and New Or- Atlanta or some great city yet to * 6, a •’°nthern Manchester or Liver -1)001 w bi fix the prices. °^ 3erve d that at the Georgia wh ° fy |° Wns higher prices prevail than i- tl3 farmera are dependent on tv. ' or k °r Liverpool quotations. The th W | COine w ben the mills will buy Bg . t ‘ cotton, gin it, sell tho seed or op f .* m * n °h‘ mill, which will be hy the factory corporation. By ties'a the C ° Bt of S innin g. bagging, 1 War ehouse charges will be saved WINDER, JACKSUN COUIN TV, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1900. aud middlemen’s profits will be cut i.ff —as such charges aro finaliy borne by the farmer—the home mill be a gre.t help to him. Owning stock in ill null he will profit, by the increase, while if cotton is low, manufactured goods are usually high, so his stock will earn en ough to protect him from the loss on tho raw material. Another feature of a homo mill is that among the operatives he will find au increase cash trade for produce. When tha farm can no longer support the icreasing family, thevouug er generation can find employment, in the mill, a neb earn more cleaa money in six y days than they ever did in a year on the farm. Widows and children can support themselves in com'ort and not boa charge on their relations or the community. The day is alrrostat hand when fanning will not support, the peo ple. and some must turn to manufaot uriug. Lot us erect factories to employ iHe hands for the prosperity o’ our State and good of the individual. A small, well-located town needs on ly a cotton factory to rapidly develop it into a thriving city, a commercial riva of the great trad'. 1 centers. Towns with mills have trebled tnfir popular,ion in a few years and developed in size and im portance, The factory cm be easily fit ted to supply electric lights aDd water to tho town, and this I am arranging to do in. several s. No municipal ity need fear to invito the operatives to become citizms as they are orderly, so ber and industrious. In ouo village of 600 there has never b:e;i an arrest, and no policemen ;r i needed. Th it is en ough to show the character o l these people. The mills in small towns pay best, a? they are free from high taxes, high sal aries and the disadvantages of labor on ions aud irunp Icbor. Waterpower, cneap fuel, an l low iusu anco make savings aud add to tne p-ofits of the country mill. There are mills in Geor gia which have decl irodduring the past year from 20 to 60 p.r cent dividends on their capital stock. Even iu such years as ’93 and ’94 the mills worked full time, dec’ared from 10 to ll}4 P er cent dividends aud laid aside money. Tha Jackson, Gi, mill earned $50,000 clear money daring its first thirty months of operation, and will earn 50 percent this year on a capital of $70,- 030. The mills i t Huntsville, Alabama, declared 15 per cent, semi annul divi dends while the Crown cottou mills of Dalton, Ga , broke the record with 10 percent, in cash aud 83 per cent iu stock, representing that much addition ai value in accrual profits us-d iu doubling tho mid this year. As an in vestment these stocks are unsurpassed, as stock iu auy of our best mills is con sidered as government bonds. I do not b slieve there is a first-class mili in Georgia whose stocks are not worih par. Fur the benefit of the small investor I mention the case of a lady at Griffin, Ga., whose husbaud’s estate contained three shares of stock in a local mill. Last fall it was decided to enlarge the mill with accrued profits. This was done and she received five shares for the three she owned. Re cently she sold those five shares for $1,150, or a gain of SBSO over the origi nal investment, and all the time she had enjoyed the large dividends. I predict that 1900 will see twenty five or thirty new mills in operation ia Georgia and as many more companies oiganized to build factories, and I be lieve our people will own over one half the capital stock. Yours truly, CUYLER SMITH. Mrs. R Churchill, Berlin, Vt., says. “Our baby was covered with running sorea. DeWitt’s Witch Hazel Salve cured licr.” A specific for piles aud skin diseases Beware of wortnless counter feits. G. W. DeLaFerriere. ADDRESS BY STEVENS BE FORK SOUTHERN COMMI?* MON Kit OK AGKU ULIUK IN NOW OKL.KANS. SOUNDS A WARNING NOTE Farm r* Urgfrt to Plant but Little Coitou -flii* Year— Manufactur ing Interests Krvived. This day, Wflioh has been set apart for the first annual meeting of the As sociatlcu of Commissioners, looking as it does to the upbuilding of our com mon country aud to the improve ment of the condition of the cottou states, is to me an auspicious one lam glad of this opportunity to meet with you and join in so laudable an under taking, remembering that it is for the good of the present as well as futuro generations. Permit me, therefore, to offer a few suggestions in the begin ning of our meeting for your considera tion. For years the farmers of the south ha ve been drifting aimlessly into a con j dition of bankruptcy aud demorahza tion, greatly to their own hurt and to the detriment of the common welfare. This is not due to sterility of soil, nor to unfavorable climatic conditions. Na ture has not done more for auy section than for the cotton states; nor is i altogether fair to lay the fault of fail ere to our farmers; for, as a class, they have worked industriously in aud cut of season, but they have not worked with any fixed purpose of permanent benefit in the end. I have for years been urging the farmers of Georgia to reverse their methods, if they would es cape the condition# which have resulted from a lack of diversification in plant ing their crops. Tbe salvation of the people depends upon rural independ ent—by living at home and raising home supplies; by cutting off imports and inoreasiug exphrls; and I urge upon you, the commissioners of the cottou-growing states, to call upon yonr people to obaage their methods of farm iug. It is true that for 30 years the balance of trade has been somewhat in oor favor, but maeh oan yet be done along this line. The faruuug interest has been the snb joot of much discussion by the press and people of the south tor the past 13 months; so much so that the people of the rural districts are seeking informa tion by reading the daily aud weekly papers and agricultural journals. This is oue of tho most important mediums upon which this association mast rely ia reaching the farming class, by writing monthly letters upon agri cultural subjects aud questions, to be published once a month in yonr newspapers. The work of reformation has begun, aud it should be the object of this association to reach every home aud cabin within its territory. The last crop was a profitable one to tbe farmers of the south. Everything bought with whioh to make it was cheap—mules, labor, fertilizers, plough tools, farmiug machinery, ootton cloth, meat, corn aud forage; in fact, farm sup plies of every description were exceed ingly cheap, and consequently the crop of 1899 came into the market at a very low cost. Oar people made light bills. The fall being favorable for gathering, and the crop small as compared with for mer years, it brought much better prices, and consequently the people of the cotton states are iu better condition than iu former years. Oar farming ex penses, with a few exceptions in certain nnfavored localities, have been paid and our debts reduced, and we have more home-raised supplies than we bad one year ago. A change has taken place; a different state of affairs exists. I think there ia no donbt that tbe south is more prosperous today than at any time within the last 30 years. Prices have advanced, and our peo ple are more hopeful. Males and fer tilizers have advanced 86 per cent; corn, forage and meat are 16 per cent higher; plow tools and farming ma chinery are 76 per cent higher; ootton goods are 60 per cent higher; so the crop of 1899 1900 will cost fully 80 per cent more to market it than did the crop of 1898 99. I urge you to sound a note of warning sight now. Tell your farm ers to make small bills; to buy for oash, if possible; to plant largely of food crops, and reduce the aoreage in cotton even below that of last year. The ootton orop for 1899 1900 will barely reaeh 9,- 000,000 bales, and tbe average prioe paid thus far has been 7 oents, so that if we again curtail the use of fertilizers and the aoreage in cotton, and produce only 8,000,000 bales next season, we may expect not less than 9 cents per pound for our crop. But, if our farm ers go wild again, as thsy did in 1898 — buy everything on time, plant the whole earth in cotton and make a crop of 11,600.000 bales, the country will be ruined, almost beyond hope. Buoh a crop next season would sell from •>£ to o cents per pound, ana leave us hopelessly in debt. It may be read ily seen that an 8,000,000 bale crop will bring more money than an 11,500,000 bale crop, to say nothing of the cost of mar keting, and what we lose by leaving off food crops. If we oan only induoe our farmers to adopt this method, they will be masters of the situation, and no con spiracy can control the cotton market ana wring from tnem the traits of their labor without a fair reward. The cotton manufacturing interest in the southern states has beoa greatly re vived. Its influence is already felt, and we should give it all the encouragement and aid in our powef. While farmers are raising millions of the raw product, it is tbe height of folly for our business men to sit idly by and see the profits in the manufacture of cotton go abroad. Each railroad town in the cotton states should have a cotton mill. The millions of dollars which pass through their hands for cotton goods should be kept at home. Let us encourage and welcome capital to come among u#, to open up and de velop onr varied Interests; but let the profits from the manufacture of cotton be spent among our own people. Ws produce the raw material, and why not ship to other states the goods manufac tured? The item of transportation, alone, will be enough to pay them abundantly for their enterprise, and, besides, these mills would give employ ment to thousands of operatives, who must be fed by the farmers from their breadstuffs, dairies and gardens. In this way additional facilities for tho marketing of onr farm products will be furnished. That It Is the duty of the state to edu cate its youth has never been ques tioned by the intelligent citizenship of any commonwealth. The sums annu ally expended for this purpose are a profitable investment, making returns in after years of better government, a strong and intellectual people, and a full development of our institutions. It is an evident and aocepted fact that each individual should be taught those branches that will best fit him for the work he will follow upon reaching his majority. Our states have long since provided departments for teaching law and medicine, and the general govern ment is supporting a deiarrment of ag riculture; but, when we remember the thousands of country schools in the cotton states, attended by three fourths of onr boys, a large majority of whom aro unable to attend the agricultural colleges and schools whore the higher bFunches are taught, we are at once im pressed with the fact that these youths, upon whom will depend the duty of supplying the country with food pro ducts, and furnishing the bulk of our exports, are not being fully prepared for the calling that the great agricult ural interests of our states will demand. Agriculture may properly be classed among the sciences, and farming as a profession. The intelligent man wi:l manage his berdß and cultivate bis fields with profit. Information that cheapens the production of vegetables, fruits and cereals will be disseminated among ths cotton states, and we hope yet to lead the world m agricultural production, and to contribute in like ratio to her prosperity. The manual labor of the farm must be intelligently directed, to insure success. The state that leads in the dissemination of information on agricultural subjeots will, in the end, outstrip other agricultural communities in wealth, progress and a full develop ment of their resources. If we will teaoh our children in the oouimnu schools the elemeutary principles of agriculture— facts that have been ascertained by practical tests at efficiently conducted experimental stations—we will add to onr farming population a class of yonng men and women full of strength and vitality, and better equipped than were their father# and mothers for the de velopment of the great interests of the south. The necessity for imparting this information in the common schools seems so apparent—the cost being really insignificant, while the results are "of momentous value— it should not be deferred or negleotod. What, then, is this knowledge that the modern famer must have? He must know the chemistry of his farm; he must know the life and constitution of the things whioh grow from the soil; he must know their manner of growth; he must know the insect life of the lo cality in which he lives; he mast be a successful student of geology and zo ology—especially that branch of zoology which deals wlttt minnte animai mo, entomology. This he most kno.w, and know well. He must know the friends and enemies of the apple tree, of the cabbage, of the grass of the meadow; he must know abont the mil lions of living things that creep, run and fiy. Bat how can the farmer learn these things and thereby ksep his land from wearing out and his crop from de struction? Not by discussing the silver question; not by adopting free trade; and not by a discussion of onr policy in the Philipoines. He mast study care fully the tariff annually levied by the apple tree borers and moths, cabbage worms, potato bags and caterpillars. This is the field for in vestigation. The insects daily chal lenge the farmer to deadly combat. It is a battle to the death, and cannot be evaded. The farmer of today must know the tcience aud philosophy of physical life, the life of the animal and the plant, that he may be successful in his undertaking. We should, therefore, encourage the teaching of these sciences in onr common schools. How delighted the boye and girle would be to learn about wheat and corn; about the apple tree, the peaoh, the plum and the pear; how these trees grow and are propagated; how they may be oared for and protected from the enemies that annually prey upon them. lam clearly of the opinion that it would be weil to eliminate a large part of the trash which is inserted in onr big text books on geography In place of these things we should teach facts abont the earth in the neighborhood where we live. In a great many of our cities appropriate studies arc introduced for the better instruction of the black smith, the carpenter, the engineer and tbe man of affairs. Hundreds of high school boys and girls in the cities and towns at this time are studying the very sciences whioh the farmers’ boys aud girls should know. Science not taught from books, but iu the laboratories, where the electrical machines are made by the hands of the studeuts; where the chemical forces are discovered by the student; where the potato bug, tbe chinch bug, tho grass hopper and the beetle are examined, studied, aud classified. What, then, is the duty of tbe hour? It is to turn our eyes iu iho direction of new things and true things that we must know today. Every oue says educate the doctor, that he may heal us when sick, aud teach us to be strong in body and limb. Educate the lawyer, undoubtedly, that he may do our business in legal form and keep ns out of litigation Educate the schoolmaster, that he may guard, guid, awaken and properly start on life’s way the boys of tomorrow. We favor the education of the preacher, that he may be grand, full rounded, eoul-aboundiug in sympathy, kindness wisdom and hope, so that he may make men’s burdeua lighior aud their lives better; and I say, aud urge, by all means educ ite tins farmer.-th.it ire uiav fill the earth wiih pleuiy, c> j ’V tho frnits of his willing l.;bor rad .au hearts of ail men glad. r--* Him- to Make I)on:nit <- t:< ; •>-. Common sugar four pound®, cf c one quart; let slowly cento to a boil and skim. Add pulverized clou. 1 , on I fourth ounce. Remove from the fire and I stir iu ono-half ounce of cream of tartar I aud ono tabiespoonfui of rose exliaoi * It is now ready for use. Worse Tliitn China. A Nashville paper states that there are children employed in the cotton mills of that city who receive but 6-j cents a day of 12 to 13 hours. One child received 65 cents for three weeks’ work, and u family of eight workers averages S3O a month Is there anything in Eu rope or in China that can be compared) to this condition ? WhlniNlcnl Advertisements. The author of “Pages From a Private Diary” gives some whimsical advertise ments, as, for instance “Respectable girls, about 18, wanted for bottling^” And from a bookseller's catalogue. “Clergymen.—A fine collection of 200 clergymen, consisting of Protestant ministers, Roman Catholics, Wesleyan Methodists, Unitarians and Presbyteri ans, nice clean lot —5 shillings. ” DeWit’a Little Early Risers purify the blood, clean the liver, iuvigoiate the system. Famous little pills for consti pation and liver troubles. G. W. DeLa- Perriere. NO>