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VOLUME XXi. >l. V. MOKTBBEN. K. \Y. LAXK. McKibben fcLane ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Jackson Ga. LUCIEN L RAY. ' CLAUDE t HAY, mens, Ua. Jackson G. RAY & RAY, ATTORN E YS. Negotiate loans on real estate lower than any Loan Broker in Georgia. Superior advantages in collecting claims in the South. Practice in all Courts, both Federal and State: Also Supreme Court of U. S; A. by special contract. WRIGHT & BECK, Attorneys at Law. (OFFICE IN COURT HO. BE.) rACKSON, - - GA. M. M. MILLS, lAunsollor & Attorney at Law. Will fraction in all the court*. Me: ey turned e* r al oatate at low rate of inter- Ml Laws time granted with small pay- C ” Stained at eneo without (OVTKtB W COURT HOVTSK.) Ur. 0. H. Cantrell, DENTIST. JACKSON, - - GEORGIA. Up stair* J. W. Bun’s Rock Comer. J. W. LEE, M. D. JAC Kb ON, GA. Will praoiioe medicine in its various Wswache*. Office at J. W. Lee A Son’s drug store. Residence first house west of Mrs Brady's, DR. T. K. THARPE. DBSTXST. FLO VILLA .... GEORGIA. Crown and bridge work and all the la test methods of dentistry, Teeth ex racted without pain. Trices moderate. Satisfaction guaranteed. Feb 14 93 ly. NO TEL 8. STOP AT THE Morrison House. BVMMTTHIN9 NEW ANN FIRST CLASS. SonTwniontly Located, Free Hack ta n*a* C. R. GRESHAM, Proprietor. Wilkinson House. F,rY Class in Every Particular. TV only brick hotel between Atlanta tied Mxcon. Convenient to all business. Mivs. A. E. WiLtiwsoir, Prep. [Wlfrill.. K.; V. 7 V* I “When I began your /C •a ■ w treatment 3 xuos. affo Iwm so/ \ lIY * IT exhantfad by ailments that I oould rot; Before. After. Lost. do %nr work. The aceoEnpanylng Weight $45 lbs 195 lbs 50 lbs ure snow the result of 3 months’ treat- 8u5t,.... 48 In. 37 in. 11 In. trout. I now feel like a rev? bring. IlWj Waist... 40 in. 29 in. 11 in. and pa;as are all gone. My friends are) Hips .... 57 in. 48 tn. 9 In. itirptiseJ. Will cheerfully reply to Inquiries with stamp Inclosed.” PATIENTS TREATED BY WAIL. CONFIDENTIAL. Harmless. No Starring. Send 6 cents In stamps for particulars to OS. 0. W F. SKYPFI. M’VICKER'S THEATER, CHICAGO. ILL ETHERIDGE & KINARD. FIRE INSURANCE AGENTS, Risk taken on all classes of Insur ance. We insure Cotton, Cotton Gins Saw mills, Country Stores, Dwellings , Barns &c. TT> represent some of the *bes< and oldest companies in the Uni- Wfd Sates. 21st Annual Announcement OF THX North Georgia AijicoltaraJ College, AT DAHLONEGA. A branch of the State University Spring Term begins First Monday in Feb ruary. Fall Term begins First Monday in September. B at school in the south, for students with limitfd means. The military training if thorough, be ng under a U. 8. Army officer, detailed by tho Secretary of War. BOTH SEXES HATE EQUAL, ADVAN TAGES. Students arv' prepared and licensed to teach in the public schools, by act of the legislature. Lectures, on Agriculture and the Sciences by distinguished educators and scholars. For health the olimate is unsurpassed. Altitude SK7 feet. Beard 910 per month and upwards. it lewer rates. Etch senator and representative of the state * * n *itled and requested te appoint one pupil ® r * 1 ® his distriot or eonnty, without paying hatriculadou fee, during his term. For catalog or information, address Secre or Treasurer. Board of Trustee*. ttttttttttttttttttt L IST UP DOR T ITNI TIPS. Young man, will you listen while I sing a little song, It is not at all a lengthy one, and will not detain yon long Its truth is only this—you will learn it at ihe last: “The wheel will never turn with the waters that aie ; ast. Now while youth is in your makeup and vigor in your veins, Take lime by the forelock or handle well the reins; Fi.rWe is speeding onward—l know he moveth fast, And “The wheel will never turn with the waters that are past.” our aim should be a high one, indeed you should be men, For time to you is measured—its three score years and leu, And if you don’t be watchfnl, you’ll miss the goal at last, For “The wheel will never turn with the waters that are past.” Let no idle talk betray you, and sacred keep your word, For in the wide creation, you were made to be the lord, And in all your acts in business be hon est to the last, For “The wheel will never turn with the waters that are past.” And when you’ve spent a lifetime in serving soon and late, An angel smile will greet you—he’ll open wide the gate; And when you’ve entered heaven, the truth you’ll learn at last, That a wheel has never turned “with the waters that are past.” D. J. Thaxton. In the Wyoming legislature a bill to suppress gambling was 10-c by a vote ol 20 to 1. Tut gamblers evi dently hold a full ban 1 out there. An exchange rightly says 1 If the well to do church members gave to Christ’s cause the same percent, of tuoir wordly goods that the poor church members give, the preacher’s salary, cur rent church expenses and ex penses of mission work would be pormt ly met. Can’t be beaten ! Mr. J G Wittig Blue Mound, Ills., Writes : “I have used Salvation Oil with wonderful success for inflammatory heuma-s “Orange makes hand some, happy women, because it. makes healthy women, Sold by all druggists. Every one gives it the highest praise. H. Gradel,Druggist, Walnut and Alli son Sts., Cincinnntti, O , says this of his trade: “I sell my share ef Dr. Bull’s Cough Syrup and my customers that have used this preparation speak of it in the highest terms.” Don’t wait until you are robbed to learn that it is safest and wisest to keep a bank account. Don’t keep money locked up iu trunks and hid in old stockings and ordinary iron safes,. The steel burglar proof time lock safe, in the Jacksou Banking Co’s, vault is absolutely impenetrable. * The old reliable Butts and En taw acid and Jackson High Grade fertilizers. Almand, Moon & Cos. POSITIONS GU^li2/INTEND. By The Georgia Business College of Ma con, Ge o rgi a Jhe reputation ofjthe Geor gia .Business College, which ranks al other southern institutions, enables it to do what no other is doing, viz: Guarantee a position to every person of average ability" and good moral character, who completes its prescribed course. Many Text B >ok t lieges are studiously seeking to conceal their lack ot merit and influence, by hinting that no repti able in stiutiou will guarantee positions. Pet. this celebrated college, which teaches real business by purely practical meth nls, no only boldly gives this guarantee, but si making it good in every instance. It hail fifty students from a dozen states North and South, to enter last month; and in addition to placing every graduate, has now on hand numerous unfilled applica tsoin fnmi the best professional and mer cantile firms for book-keepers and stenog raphers, at salar.es of 0600.00 to $1500.00 per annum. Ev*iy young la ly and genfleman, de siring to becon e independent, should write for full particnlars, to JFyatt & A/artix, Macon, Ga. JACKSON, GA., FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1893. ROAD AGITATION HAS BEES. I SEFU L. Several years ago we began call ing the attention of our readers, the dealers, to the miserable conditin of the country roads, and urging them to introduce road machines, with the hope that the use of the same would demonstrate to higwav offi cials, and to farmers, how quickly and cheaply roads might be made and mended by suitable machinery. We also pointed out to them that he introduction of road machinery would be doubly beneficial to them, in the profit of selling the machines, and also in the belter advantages afforded by improved roads for sell ing their other goods. Next, three years ago we began urging upon the Carriage Builders National Asso ciation the ad outages of good roads to the carriage business, and the propriety of making the “road ques tion ’ a subject for consideration iu their annual conventions. Others took up the cry for good roads that was begun and c ntinued in this journal and the agitation gained strength ; out it remained for the general abominable condition of the roads last Spring and eatly Sum mer to arouse every class to the necessity of improving them.— Farm Imp, News. MACADAMS IDEAS, About a century ago John Lou den Macadam inaugurated anew system of road making and road re pairing. His leading j riticiple was that a road should be an artificial flooring, so strong and even as to let the heaviest vehicle pass over it without impediment. Another principle was that the native soil when dry was more resistant than when wet. and that as it had to car ry the road as well as the traffic it should he kept in its greatest resis tance i, e , dry. The best way ol keeping it dry was to put over it a covering impervious to rain, the road in fact; and that the thick ness of this covering should he reg ulated solely in relation to its iai pervrousness and not at all as to its bearing of weight, to which the na tive soil was quite equal. Instead of excavating the native soil he raised the road above it sufficiently to let the water run off. ability he obtained by the practical discovery that stones broken small and pressed together by the traffic of vehicles rapidly settled down face to face and angle ivith angle mak ing as close a mass as a wall. This important discovery has given to us the verb to macadamize—to pav a road with small broken stones. DR. PRICE’S BAKING POWDER. Supplying the Army, Navy and In dian Department, The purchasing agents of the United States Government hare or dered nearly one hundred thousand pounds of Dr, Price's Baking Pow dei in the first five months of last year, 1892. The government exercises great care in selecting its supplies of all kinds, rejesting everything that is not of the best, and the very fact tHat it has adopted Dr, Price’s Bak ing Powder is proof that has found it the best oi all baking powder?. Dr Prices is peculiarly adapted for export, as niether long sea voyages nor climate changes affect it, this brand keeping fresh and sweet for years while other baking powders deteriorate rapidly. It is guaranteed to the govern ment to be a pure cream of tartar uowder free from aunuonio alum, or other harmful circumstances, and it is also the only baking powder pre pared by a physician of high stand ing—Chicago Inter Oeeau. An agreeable Laxative and NERVE TONIC sold by Drug-gists or sent by mail. 25e 50c nd SI.OO per package. SaApSesfrewT |TA Wn, The J a J orite TOOTS POTO3I AV \J for the Teeth and Br rath, 25c. BCRDET’S SERMON Ob LIFE Man born of worn an is of few days and no teeth, and indeed it would be money m his poekei if he had less of either. As for hi3 teeth he had convulsions when he cut them, and as the last one comes through, lo ! the dentist is twisting the first one out, and at the last end of the man’s jaw is worse than the first, being full of porcelian and roof plate built to hold blackberry seed?. Stone bruses line his pathway go manhood : his father boxes his cars at home, th. 9 big boys cut! him on the playgrounds and the teachei whips him in the school rooms. He buysth Northwestern at 110 when ne lias sold short at 96, and his neighbors unlofdetb upon him Iron mountain at 937-8 straightway breaketh down to 521- 2. He riseth up eariy and bitteth up late and he may fill his barnes and store houses and Jo! his chil dren’s lawyers divide the spoil a mung them and say: Ha !ha ! He growleth and is sore distressed be cause it raineth, and he beateth up on his breast and sayelh : “My crop is lost,” because it remaineth not. The late rains blight his wheat and the frost biteth his peaches. If it he so that the sun slrneth, even a mong the ninetiets, “Woeto me for I perish.And even ii the north west wingeth down in forty-two be low, he cryeth, ‘‘would that I were dead.’' If he wears sackcloth and blue jeans then they sa v lie is a tramp, and clad in purple and fine linen, all the people then cry, shoot the dude!” He carryth insurance for twenty five years, until he had paid thrive over for all his goods, and then he lets his policy lapse one day, and that same night fhe destroyed his store, He buildeth a house in Jer sey, and his first born is devoured by musquitoes ; lie pitches his tent in New York and tramp devour his substance. He moveth to Kan sas, and a cyclone carryth his house avray over to Missouri, while a pra irie fire and-10,000,000 acres of grass hoppers fight for his crop. He se - tleth himself in Kentucky and is shot the next day by a gentleman, a colonel and a statesman “because, sab, be resembles, sah, a man. sah, he did not like sah. Verily, there is no rest for the sole of his feet, if he hau to do it over again he would not be born at all for “the day of death is better than the day of one’s birth.*’—Bob Burdette. THE HORSESHOE. Doubtless our readers have often been amused by the importance attached by some persons to the ac cident of finding a horseshoe. It is considered a mark of good luck by superstieiouß people and very many persons even among the enlightened people of our own coun try, cannot entirely divest them selves of the idea that there “is some thing in it.” This regard for the horseshoe is a relic of superstition handed to. us from very remote times, and it is apparently Celtic origin. The reason why it is a sign of good luck to find the article is be cause the horseshoe operates as a charm to keep off eyil spirits. Hence it is nailed up over th? door to prevent the entrance of those obnoxious witches. The magi tell us the Evil One has a tendency to move in circles, and consequently when once enclosed in horseshoe cannot easily get out at the heel. Upon this principle we would suggest that instead of a horseshoe a half-peck measure be put over the door for the purpose of prevention ; for taat presents a complete instead of a broken circle. Moreover, there are such small devils about in these days that one of them could trot ail day in a half peck measure without once suspect ing that he was impiisoned. r j. he North Can lina house ot rep resentaLvs passed a bill appropri a ting $20,00*0 lor tho state’s exhibit at the world's fair - The lates‘ clock is described by the advertisement in the jewelers’ windows: I \\ e have got you at last. This clock keeps on ringing its alarm until you get cut of the bed and remove the oin. v COMMISSIONER NESBITT HIS MONTHLY TALK WITH THE GEORGIA FARMERS On Subjects of General Interest Per taining to the Farm and Garden—Good Advice. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, G a., March 1, 11893. The Ist of March finds the farmers in a most backward state of preparation. The weather has been such, first freez ing and then raining, that it ha3 been impossible to plow the red lands, and even on the gray lands very little has been accomplished. There are draw backs and hindrances to every occupa tion, and these are but the disappoint ments incident 1 3 our avocation; but when difficulties confront us WE SHOULD SUMMON OUR BEST ENERGIES to meet and combat them. Trials ami difficulties develop and make the strohg man; they paraiize and destroy the weak. We still have much to be thank ful for: the unerring return of the sea sons; the blessing of the early and lat ter rain; the perennial hope which springs in the farmer’s breast as he goes out to begin his year's work and sees all nature donning her fresh spring robe; the pleasure of witnessing the soil respond to our efforts, and the gradual develop ment of the different crops from seed time to harvest. Surely the farmer in his work comes nearest to God, and takes its results more directly from the hand of the great ruler of the universe. How important, then, that he study to make no mistake in executing his part of the contract! I hope my farmer friends have util ized these muggy days in REPAIRING, as far as possible, the farm buildings and fences, and in making compost, the latter a most important factor in the farm economy. Every moment, when the land is too wet to plow, can be util ized to the best advantage in giving your farms a more liome-like and com fortable appearance, and even when the rain keeps the farmer indoors, there are many jobs in the way of mending and preparing implements, wagons, plow stocks, harness, etc., for the coming strain, which should not be neglected; and always there are the stables and yards to be cleaned out and attended to, leaves to be hauled and cattle and stock comfortably bedded. On a stranger the impression of a well-kept farm is be yond estimating. Even ONE THOROUGHLY-CULTIVATED, WELL KEPT FARM in a neighborhood is an object lesson to be seen and appreciated, not only by farmers, but by every passing tr**eier. At first it may not seem to exert any sensible influence, but gradually adjoin ing places begin to touch up’; the lands are better prepared; more manure and of better quality is made; more pro gressive methods are undertaken; a spirit of emulation is roused; evidences Of thrift are seen on every side, and ere long the improved condition of the neighborhood is the subject of favorable comment throughout the county. OURS IS A POSITION OF HONOR AND RE SPONSIBILITY, and if we expect to fill it with credit to ourselves and families, we must fit our selves for it as do successful men in other avocations, by careful study and by well-directed energy and diligence. Every moment, every hour is worth so much to us; they are not to be wasted if we expect success to crown our ef forts. The slothful, indolent man, no matter in what occupation he may be engaged, has no reasonable hope for even moderate prosperity. Let us ob serve the methodical, systematic energy of the successful merchant; the “snap” and vim which characterize the suc cessful lawyer or banker. No idling in the hours devoted to business, no put ting off until tomorrow the work which demands attention today. THE FARMER, MORE THAN ANY OF THESE, comes directly in contact with nature, and has the better opportunity of study ing her in her various moods. Why should not he draw inspiration from her perfect work, lying all around him, and portrayed in the smallest plant, the min utest blade of grass—no detail lacking, each complete, of its kind? I understand that there can be NO ARBITRARY RULE laid down by which each individual farmer is to be governed, but in these “monthly talks” I wish to make sugges tions which will not only arrest the at tention of farmers, but which will pro voke discussion on the lines I advocate. On one point WE ARE ALL AGREED, and that is that we will have to build up our lands or stop cultivating them, and that we must make our farms self supporting. But when we begin to dis cuss the plans for accomplishing these much-to-be-desired ends, we differ, be cause our circumstanced and conditions, individual, climatic and otherwise, are such as to preclude the possibility of all working by the same rule. For in stance, one farmer has a large family, man} 7 of the members are old enough to help him in his work, and he owns a piece of good bottom land. Such a man can make his home supplies on a few acres, and then devote the rest of his farm to the production of cotton, or some other money crop, which can be worked successfully and cheaply by his immediate family. Another man owns a farm, the larger part of which is so poor that until the land is improved there is no hope for him to succeed. Common sense teaches him to try and build up a few acres each year, and cul tivate only such spots as will yield some return for the time and labor bestowed upon them. Again, take the weather which has prevailed during January and. February. In north and middle Geor- gia. the lands for the most part being Stiff and adhesive, the continued rair have prevented any progress in plow' In southern and more especially ' Georgia, rain has been need*' small grain crops, and ph *• 1 advanced, and preparat* move on apace. Ic is most gratif the informatk department ents, and nearly see 4 "' r obtainable aTV 11 . from renorfq of „ at • J rom other sr lf corres P°nd - every county S ’ tJlat in uons of s°ine counties thL p i rti eular | nSOT ked of n ‘S Te “™‘ in thf , thf 6 is amr on hand a £L PpU< *; that ' 1 than is usual at this season 1 " cent eaSfm, and that there is evident determination on the part of farmers to pursue such a sensi ble farm policy as will not only bridge over our present unfortunate condition, but jrive us an assurance of future suc cess. The blind worship of cotton is, I trust, becoming a thing of the past for the self-inflicted punishment, which the farmers have had to suffer, has taught them a salutary lesson. Wherever the farmers are studying their surround ing and conditions with an eye to ulti mate results; where they are giving more thoughtful consideration to the reasons which should control them in tie direction of their affairs, good results are beginning to be seen. They realize their past mistakes and are applying themselves to the task of cor recting them. TO THOSE FARMERS, who are still considering the advisabil ity of an all-cotton policy, I would utter a word of warning, it is the far mer who has not thought to provide for his corn crib or smokehouse until the past two months, who is suffering most today. Meat at 12 £ cents, with the lard pressed out, is not a very pleasant sub ject for the all-cotton farmer to con sider. except as it may release him from the thraldom of mistaken methods and policies. And the man who expects to buy his lard, and sells his cotton seed to the oil mills under the mistaken idea that he is making a good trade, pays two or three times its value, when it conies back to him in the lard at 15 cents a pound. The selling of the cot ton seed to the merchant is all right, for in each ton of raw cotton seed applied to land there is S2O worth of oil which is absolutely wasted as the oil possesses no manurial value, and cot ton seed meal is the better fertilizer, but the farmer, who buys his lard and meat is playing a losing game. IF I CAN INDUCE MY FELLOW FARMERS to read and discuss these ideas, even if they fail to agree with me, I will feel that one important stepliasbeen gained, i. e., that these discussions will bring to the front new ideas, and stronger rea sons for the abandonment of our ruin ously false system, and the substitution of better and more remunerative methods. Of course my opinions are not invulnerable. Already I have had farmers dissent from them, and my sug gestions do not always receive the cor dial support of my thinking friends, but I do not object to fair criticism, and the good results of such discussions will be seen later on. If every neighborhood throughout the state would reorganize their alliance clubs, with the distinct understanding that their object is to foster and build up an interest on every thing pertaining to agriculture and to permanently advance every interest connected with the farm, and permit only such questions to be discussed in their meetings, much light could be thrown on these questions fraught with such deep interest to every struggling farmer, and there would soon be a revi val of that love for our country homes, once so general among our people. The friction produced by the ideas brought outin these meetings, when intelligently discussed, would have a most salutary effect on our entire farm econemv. The fruit men, the truck men, have gained valuable aid and information from an exchange of'ideas. If they can perfect an organization to protect and advertise and advance their interest, why cannot the general farmer? I hope the farmers will study the results of the experiments made at the experimental station in crops and fer tilizers for the past season. I WISH ALSO TO CALL THEIR ATTENTION to the paper read before the agricultu ral convention during its recent meeting in Augusta, which is published in this report. From this can be learned the nature of some of the duties devolving on me, as Commissioner of Agriculture. Acquaint yourselves with these duties, and find out if they are being faithfully executed, and if your interest is being protected and advanced. The latter part of this paper is devoted to the advis ability of teaching agriculture in our public schools. Read it carefully, and I think you will agree with me that there are very strong reasons why it should be taught. I cannot close this article without making AN APPEAL for broad acres of oats, corn millet, po tatoes, cane, and only so much cotton as you can produce at a profit. Ordinarily land which produces, only a bale to three acres is worked at a dead loss. Think seriously before vou embark in such a ruinous undertaking. Elsewhere in this report I publish a letter from a prominent farmer, which puts this question in such a strong light that nothing more need be said. R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner Agriculture. Cultural Notes on Potatoes. Here is a summary of the results of experiments extending over a period of three years at the Michigan station: First—lt was found that the seed end is as good if not better, than any other part of the potato for planting, and, as a rule, produces fewer small tubers. Second—A3 a rule, medium sized po tatoes cut into halves lengthwise, using at the rate of 13 to 15 bushels of seed to the acre, will produce best net results planted 1£ or 2 feet apart. Third—lf smaller seed is used, the eyes should be 15 inches apart, and pieces containing two or three eyes about 18 inches. At distances over 2J feet the number of hills is so much decreased that the yield is lessened. Fourth—When potatoes are cheap, it does not pay to use small potatoes seed, but when seed potatoes aw tubers the size of hen’s eggs ir for one year without grea i ' ■ the yield. Fifth— on fp~ or fertilizers c" When mane* . out hau v pound m -*s • J dg. eastern . jJ for the 15 well -° ns f or Planting •>™g to find - rt y rich soil manure a be used with profit. X * e cannot be obtained with w two or three miles, S(X I “ a ,rill b 8 a are - that “‘he best depth Thi<j co, ? T about three inches. Thi KS t 0 b ?/ i^ht for *y seasons. Was when manure was used an a nmlrhw^ the rr.tiro tct-, : ujuwu oeiween iSt elt Can rea4il J be shown iciJs NUMBER 10. HON. r neurrs ADDRESS BEFORE THE STATE AG * RICULTURAL SOCIETY. Work of the Agricultural Depart ment-Necessity of Agri cultural Education. The following address, which was de livered before the State Agricultural Society, treats of two important sub jects. The Department of Agriculture and its relations to the farmers, and the necessity of education relat ing to agri ft ure. The object and aims of the are set out, and the Commissioner is anxious that those who desire to render the Department more useful may be able to co-operate with him in the work. The introduc tion into our school system of studies that would be of particular advantage to those who intend to engage in farm ing and which would invite others to investigate and induce them to make the farm their home, and upbuild our agri culture, is a subject of great interest, and which has been but little agitated *in the State. Few men can succeed at any oc cupation without possessing natural qualification or being fitted by educa tion. Complete success on the farm is no exception to the rule, embodying as it does in its entirety a large and varied knowledge of scientific and business af fairs. The fanner of the future, with increasing population, will have to ask and require more of the soil, and must bo fitted to obtain these results. The ques tion involves the place our children raised on the farm, who shall become farmers, shall take in the advancement of agri culture in the future. We trust that all who see these reports will read with care and thought what is said on this subject. The Work o£ the Department. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Agricultural Conventioi^ In making this, my yearly report, be fore your society, there are two sub jects of utmost importance to which I would like to call your attention, and I will do so as briefly as possible. The first is “The Relations of the Agricult ural Department and the Importance of its Work to the People of Georgia,” and the second is “The Relations of Agri culture to the Youth of our Land and the Importance of its Being Taught in Our Public Schools.” In order to arrive at a better under ttanding of the first, I will outline the principal work of the Department since its organization, seventeen years ago, leaving it to the minds of my hearers to feed on the details, and then explain its present management and the benefits which our State agriculture receives from its work. Before opening this subject, I will state that there is a wide spread prejudice in the minds of aver age farmers against the department, arising most often from want of infor mation as to the aims and the manner in which those aims are carried out—and it is in part to combat those prejudices and give the needed in formation that the present paper has been prepared. About seventeen years ago, owing to the rapidly increasing use of commercial fertilizers, there was a popular demand for some more thorough and effective means of protecting the consumer against fraud in the purchase of these goods, and at the same time promoting the sale of goods suitable to our lands and to the needs of the crops under cul tivation. We all remember the beauti fully prepared Peruvian guano, costing from S9O to SIOO per ton, according to the distance from market; the tremen dous life-giving principles it possessed causing our crops to spring torward a3 if by magic, but we also remember that at gathering time the results were most disappointing. After this came the era of cheaper goods, which in many cases possessed no merit, and were prepared often with no other object than to swin dle the purchaser. The results from their use were not as represented or expected, and the farmers were natural ly disappointed and disgusted. Then followed garbled reports of these results made by designing salesmen to mislead and entrap unsuspecting farmers. Asa sequel suspicion crystallized into cer tainty of fraud, arnl caused our courts to be crowded with litigation, the duped buyers seeking by law to right their wrongs. Our lands were deteriorating and ex hausting from years of mistaken agri cultural treatment, and with the conse quent spirit of unrest and dissatisfaction arose the demand for an Agricultural Department, whose duties were defined as protective and educational. In all countries, as the population becomes more dense and the natural products of the farm fail to meet the increasing demands, commercial fertilizers play their part in solving the problem and with their aid comes the demand for more enlightened agricultural methods, and thus follow agricultural schools, agricultural colleges and departments of agriculture. It was under this pressure, a**" throw around the farmer the p’* of which he stood so much i our legislature in 1876 p Department of untried, it met wi*” icism even frow and promo*' through • bat r ar ‘ tUUou lUi WUWO AA AA w ,aon it was created. All , its history it has had to com - prejudice, sometimes denunciation, often its life has trembled in the balance. Doubtless there have been mistakes, but these are so far outnum bered by its advantages that we should pardon them for the sake of the great Work it has accomplished in securing the farmers against fraud, if nothing y? . aa high -ay be used ■ay decreasing elsd. The most important protective duties with which the department is charged are the inspection and analysis of the treitmndous amount of commercial fer tilizers which annually cover hundreds of th cm sand of tons, and the sampling and t ?sting of the enormous bulk of illumi ’nating pil§ offered for sale in this state- Millions :\re annually spent tar these t ro articles needed and used on nearly rvery farm and in nearly every farm-ht sasein Georgia. The old system of each fertilizer in spector b crag a cliesaist and conducting his own a toddy sis. which was practiced during tl * earlier days when the amount of commercial fertilizers used was by coc tgtarison merely nominal, and the latter s raiS-em of inspecting in bulk, . have both 1 ®en abolished, and our ajrs tem is at pr went reghiated on a differ ent basis, ui in its provisions for pro tecting the farmer at the same time dealing fair! jr with;the manufacturers, 'i** ... C'' .otectibh need, that .atablished our New and „n much adverse crit . thAno fnr whose benefit