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VOL XXII
COUNTY DIRECTORY.
Ordinary—J. F. Carmichael.
Sheriti —J. O. Beauchamp,
Deputy—J. W. Crawford.
Surveyor—B.J. Jinks.
Treasurer —T. L. Williams.
Tax Collector — T. J. Cole.
Tax Receiver—C. R. Carter.
Coroner—Simon Hardy.
Cierk Superior Court—Joe Jolly ;
court 3rd Mondays in February
anu August.
Roau Commissioners—6ls G. M.
J. L, Barkley, 11. G. Asbury, T. O,
Woodward ; 013 G. M., J, M. Ball,
J, E. Hale, J. W. Fletcher; GO9 G.
M., J. W. Minter, J. L. Pye, S. K.
Smith ; 014 G. M., J. W. Holoway,
J. 11. Cole, J. Van Wright; 552 G.
M., D. B, Moore. R. M. Harper, F.
M. Maddox; 012 G. M. W. O.
Crawley, Cornelius McC/uare, T.
H. Nolan; 610 G, M., T. P. Bell,
K. M. Fletcher, J. G. Coldwell; Gl6
G. M.,J. H. Maddox, J. J. Wil„on,
J. C. Barnes.
Board ot Education-*W. M. Mal
let, A. G. Hitchens, J. T. Goodman,
D. N. Carmichael, J. M. McMichael.
E. E. Pound C, S. C. Ollice in
court house.
Jury Oommissionerß--H. N. By"
ars, T. L. Williams, W. B. Dozier,
B. J. Ball, T. P. Ball, A lex Atkin*
son.
Justices Court—Gls Dist., R. A,
Woodward, J. P.; J. G, Kimbell.
N. P.
013 Dist.. H. L. Brown, j, P. ; H.
C. Thaxton, N. P,
009 Dist., W. A. Waldrup, J. P,;
Steye Moo e. N. P.
552 Dist. lames Jolly, J. P.; J.
M. Maudox N. P,
612 Dist., Howard Ham, J. P.; F.
Z. Curry, N. P.
610 Dist., T. J. Collins, J. P.; T.
P.jßell, N. P.
GIG Dist., O. B. Kaowies, J, P.;
J. L. Barnet, N. P.
614 Dist., A. H. Ogle tree, J. P.;
W. F. Douglas, N. P.
city directory.
Mayor E. E. Pound.
Council men—T. J. Lane, J. W. Car
michael, B. I*. Bailey, T. M. Furlow.
CHURCHES.
Methodist—Rev. T. W. Bell, pastor.
Services every Sunday at 11 a.m., 7
p.m. Prayer meeting every Wednes
day night.
Baptist -Rev. G. W. Gardner, pas
tor. Services every Sunday at 11 a.
m. and 7 p.m. Prayer meeting every
Thursday night.
I’resbyterian—Rev. Mr. Pharr, pas
tor. Services every 3rd Sunday at
11 a.m. and 7 p.m., and every Ist
Sunday at 7 p.m.
SBCRET SOCIETIES.
F.& A. M.—Chapter meets 2nd and
4th Monday nights. Blue Lodge, Ist
and 3rd Monday nights.
Red men—2nd and 4th Tuesday
nights in each month.
riion>Mo\ vi, cards.
W W. Anderson. Frank Z. Curry.
ANDERSON & CURRY,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Negotiates loans on real estate. Office
up stairs over the Yellow store, Jackson,
Georgia.
M. M. MILLS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office in court house, Jack son, Georgia.
\
M. V. M'KIBBEN,
Attorney at Law,
JACKSON, GEORGIA.
Dr.O H. Cantrell.
DENTIST,
JACKSON, GEORGIA.
CLEVELAND HOUSE.
JACKSON, - - - • QA.
The only brick Hotel between Atlan
ta and Macon. Board $2 00 per day.
Miss Jennie Wallace Pi op.
dec 14- 12m
DEMPSEY HOUSE.
SOUTHEAST CORNER PUBLIC
SQUARE, JACKSON, SA.
Strictly first-class in all respects.
Give it a trial when you come to Jach
• son. v Terms moderate. Satisfaction
guaranteed.
NIRS. A. M. JESTER, Prop.
decl4-3m
STOP AT THE
Morrison House.
EVER Y THING NEW
A JVEFIRST - CLA SS.
Cmvenmtly Located.
p* Free Sack to Depot
C, R. Gresham, Proprietor
ggggggggggg
III!. NESRUTS LETTER.
His Monthly Talk to the Farmers of
the State of Georgia.
REVIEW OF THE CROPS.
Corn unl Oats Badly Damagitd for
Want of Raiu —Wheat Duinjf Fairly
Well—Cotton Somewhat Late.
Other Farming Nitwt.
Department of Agriculture,
Atlanta, July 1, 1894.
▲ GENERAL REVIEW OF CROPS AND CON
DITIONS.
Up to the middle of June the belated
crops over the entire state, already re
tarded by the unprecedented cold, were
suffering and drying up for want of
rain and the parching winds, which
prevailed over a large area, but aided
to the gloominess of the situation. Had
this condition been confined to one sec
tion there would have been less reason
for apprehension, but the cry of distress
from all quarters gave rise to the most
anxious forebodings. The refreshing
rains, unaccompanied by the destructive
storms so widely predicted and expect
ed, commenced about the middle of
June, and though at first very partial,
we hope they are not too late to save a
large part of the corn crop in the south
ern part of the state-, and certainly in
time to rescue that crop in the middle
and northern sections. Cotton, with its
almost marvelous powers of recupera
tion, may recover from the varied disas
ters to which it has been subjected, and,
with propitious seasons, a fair crop may
yet be realized.
The small grain crops are much in
jured. Fall oats, which were at one
time most promising, have been seriously
cut off. The spring crop is practically
a failure, and th* yield from wheat is
much reduced. In some exceptional
cases the preparation was very thorough.
On such lands these crops show coin-
Saratively little effect of the long
routh, and the yield is all that could be
expected. I have in mind a field of
corn which, through a'drouth of several
weeks’ duration, has scarcely shown a
twisted blade, and has maintained 5
healthy growth and color which, in
comparison with adjacent fields, seemed
most remarkable. On inquiry I find
that the preparation of this land was
exceptionally thorough, and during the
long drouth the roots, instead of drying
up too near the surface, have gone as
deep as possible into the mellow bed,
thus obtaining the requisite food and
moisture for the rapidly growing plants.
This is but another confirmation of
David Dickson’s assertion, that with
thorough preparation and manuring, a
corn crop can be made with one good
rain. The corn in question has never
had a soaking rain since it came out of
the ground until the splendid season of
the middle of June, which places it be
yond the possibility of ordinary disaster.
The general corn crop is backward, es
pecially to the north of a line drawn
east and west through the center of the
state, but
CORN
must be laid by this month. Unlike
cotton, it must mature in a certain
period, failing in this, we have no means
of remedying the defect, and the result
is disappointment in the yield.
Just now all the energies of the plant
are directed to the development of the
ear, and should not be divtgfted to the
repair of useless and ill judged root
cutting. The plow should cut evenly
and smoothly, not more than two inches
below the surface, leaving the roots un
disturbed to perform their perfect func
tions.
Where commercial fertilizers were
used the long drouth has been peculiar
ly injurious,for without sufficient moist
ure, this prepared plant food is unavail
able, and in many cases the corn had
passed the critical period of develop
ment, before the rains came to unlock
the stores, of which it stood so much iu
need. In cases where the fertilizer was
qeed with composts of different kinds,
the beneficial effect of the moisture ab
sorbing humus can be plainly seen, and
Indeed if we desire to secure the full
benefit of any commercial fertilizer, the
safest plan is to use in conjunction with
composts. By this plan a small amount
qf the fertilizer can be made to do
double duty and with far more certain
ty than if applied alone.
It would make a wonderful difference
on the credit side of our yearly accounts
if not one pound of fertilizer was ap
plied except by composting. To prepare
for this, it is necessary to begin now.
July marks a pause in the agricultural
rush of the past several weeks, and be
fore the heavy duties of gathering and
housing the made crops and preparing
and seeding for the fall grain begins,we
can look around and take the initial
Steps towards accumulating
MATERIALS FOR COMPOSTING.
During wet spells or at odd times,
when other work is not pressing, much
can be done in this important branch
our Industry. Where this work runs all
through the year, it is astonishing, not
Only how much is saved, but how much
is actually gained from the ordinary
“waste products” of the farm. Of
course if it is left to the last moment or
leceivea only careless or spasmodic at
tention, we cannot expect certain or en
couraging results, but if a settled and
intelligent plan is followed, with a
steady aim in view, the universal testi
mony is that it pays better than any
ether investment on the farm.
The lot and stalls should be
well littered with leaves and woods
earth, which in turn should not be
thrown out loosely to the injurious ac
tion of all weathers, but thrown into
compact well built heaps, or better still,
put under shelter of some kind. If
Well managed the compost heap is in
deed the farmer’* gold mine, from
which he can expect much more cer
tain return than is ordinarily vouch
safed to the bona fide gold digger. We,
a* fanner*, should study this question
of manure* i 1 *ll its phase*; of feeding
to produce manure* of higheet quality,
of Composting, of protecting and pre
serving, of applying for greatest yields.
A farmer can so manage that after
he tia* anooec ed in producing compost*
of the higheet quality, their most vr *
liable constituents are lost, either by
improper methods of handling or by
JACKSON, GA. THURSDAY, JULY 12, 1894.
mistaken modes of application. Ex
periments at the v irious stations, no
tably at New York, show so ns very
thorough interesting work in this line,
which throws much ligat in questions,
which we have neither time nor means
to elucidate for ourselves.
cotton
has greatly improved. The hot suns
and the opportune rains during the last
days of June have revived the sickly,
drooping plants, and though in some
exposed situation! the frost, combined
with the subsequent heavy winds and
protracted droutn, almost destroyed the
“stand,” the plants that remain are,
in the majority of cases, in a healthy,
vigorous condition. All that is neces
sary now is to keep the upp±r soil con
stantly stirred. Never allow a crust to
remain on the surface. The crop being
so much later than usual, the object of
present cultivation should be not to en
courage weed growth. A good plan is to
plow every alternate row, using a sweep,
heel scrape or extended cultivator, thin
after a few days, return and plow the
rows which were left. This practically
stirs the entire surface and gets a double
benefit from a given amount of work.
CROPS WHICH CAN BE PLANTED THIS
MONTH—CORN.
It is too late to plant corn on poor up
land. But on rich upland, or on damp
bottom land, by using an early maturing
variety, we can plant up to the middle
of July. If intended for forage, the
seed can be put in as late as July 20,
and with ordinary siasoas, tho re
sults will be satisfactory.
POTATOES
can be set out all t rough the month.
The late planted slips make smoother
potatoes and of better keeping qualities
than those planted earlier. The main
care, after the vines begin to cover the
ground, is to prevent them from taking
root between the rows, an 1 this is es
pecially important with the late planted
slips.
RUTABAGAS.
Where desirable, and the seasons are
suitable, it is well to prepare this crop
during the present month, the land
being put in fine tilth and highly
manured. Phosphates are required
more especially, with a smaller propor
tion of nitrogen and potash. The early
sowing can begin during the latter part
of the month, and as soon as the plants
are up, dust with dry aslie* to prevent
the depredations of their insect enemies.
SORGHUM
for forage can still be planted. Cows,
mules and hogs are fond of it, and it is
a cheap and healthful food. For seed,
the early amber is best, because, on ac
count of its smaller stem, the whole
plant, stem, leaves and seed can bo
utilized.
PEAS.
So much has been said and written as
to the value of tho pea crop, not only as
feed for our stock, but as a renovator to
our lands, that it seems scarcely neces
sary to revert to this subject, but it is
of such vital importance that I must be
pardoned for presenting a few ad
ditional facts, and for again urging
farmers to put in as large a crop as pos
sible. A peck or a half bushel to the
acre, sown broadcast in the corn and
covered by the last plowing, will, with
ordinary seasons, give a fair stand, and
if planted before the middle of the
month, will usually mature seed. For
forage, the plantings can continue until
the last day.
Where practicable, the oat and wheat
stubble should be turned and the peas
harrowed in. Experiments at our sta
tion show that the gain is greatest where
the crop is harvested and cured for hay,
and the stubble, with its accumulated
nitrogen, turned under. Asa prepara
tion for the fall grain crops, nothing
has been found to be as valuable
as a crop of peas sown broadcast,
The hay taken off and the stubble
turned under. If in combination with
this fertilizer is used, the yield from
both crops, peas aud grain, is very ma
terially increased. The following from
series of experiments for four years, at
the North Carolina station, shows the
value of peas as a fertilizer for wheat.
The figures shows the gain per acre ip
each case. Mark the fact, that with
cotton seed meal the yield was dimin
ished rather than icreased. The in
crease of the crop from:
Peavines. . Increase.
Bushels.
With no fertilizers 9.68
With 800 pounds kaiuit 16.46
With 800 pounds acid phosphate. . .16,81
With 175 pounds acid phosphate,
87.5 pounds cotton seed meal, 37.5
pounds kainit 14.67
With 300 pounds cotton seed meal. 7.83
Push the fattening
HOOS
as far as possible, let them have the
run of the grain fields before the peas
are sown. When taken from these see
that they have plenty of succulent food.
The loss of the fruit crop is a serious
inconvenience, but the need of this
wholesome food can be, in a great
measure, supplied by refuse vegetables,
sorghum and other forage crops.
PLANTING FOR FALL CROPS.
Land now unoccupied, intended for
fall crops, has a spontaneous growth of
grass and weeds. To get it in satifac
tory condition for clover or grass,
plant peas in the drill and cul
tivate. This will exterminate the
weeds, and the peas will farnish both
hay aod manure. Turn under the stub
ble early enough to haircw and roll the
land in time for the clover or grass, and
we have a seed bed in which it will
flourish.
FALL OATS.
Don’t put off sowing oats until spring,
the risk is too great, but begin in time
to prepare for the much more certain fall
crop, and resolve to sow early. The
fields from which the peavine hay has
been taken will be ready, and Septem
ber is none too early to begin the sow
ing.
To sow in the cotton field is also a
good plan. The Appier variety is among
the best, resists rust, is early and pro
ductive. Se ’ure seed in time and begin
at the first practicable moment.
FA T L IRISH POTATOES.
This crop is attracting attention, from
the fact that the potatoes can be left in
the ground all the winter and dug as
needed, and the southern grown fall
crop furnishes even better tubers for
spring planting than the eastern grown
seed, which have so long monopolized
the market. My attention was attracted
to this fact last year, and I determined
to try the experiment. The seed pota
toes were selected at the time of gath
ering our spring grown crop in July,
those of the smaller medium size being
chosen. These were allowed to dry in
the shade, and were then bedded ex
actly as we bed sweet potatoes in the
spring, except that no heating manure
was used at the end of two weeks, these
potatoes were examined, and those
which showed no indication of sprout
ing were rejected, the others were
planted whole, in the same manner as
spring potatoes, the bed was mulched
with pinestraW, and in a few weeks
there was an almost perfect stand. Not
withstanding the' very severe winter,
we had fresh potatoes from ‘ this bed
until time to plant again in March.
When the bed was plowed up fo'r the
spring planting, the medium potatoes
were again selected, but instead of dry
ing, were planted immediately along
side the eastern grown varieties. The
home raised potatoes were planted
whole. The eastern were cut as usual.
The protracted drouth has greatly re
duced the yield, but up to the time that
it began to injuriously affect both plant
ings, the home raised plants kept
pace in appearance and bearing quali
ties with their neighbors. At the pres
ent writing, though we have had re
freshing rains, they came too late to
benefit the dried up plants.
It is maintained by the advocates of
this new industry that plants from
southern grown seed can better with
stand drouth. The preseut instance has
been a fair test of this statement, and a
fair conclusion may be formed when
the respective yields are measured. For
planting this crop in the field on a larger
scale and for winter protection, there
are full directions in last month’s re
port in the inquiry column.
R. T. Nesbitt.
THE POULTRY YARDS.
Purify the Runs and Keep the Birds
Healthy—Methods of Purification.
Many poultry men who. keep their
fowls confined to small yards clean the
poultry houses, but never seem to think
it necessary to purify the yards. If
sickness visits their fowls, it is a mys
terious dispensation of Providence, for
have they not kept the houses clean ?
They do not think of the yards, whose
soil has become impregnated with the
droppings of the fowls, and upon which
a green thing is never permitted to
grow. Following are methods of puri
fication recommended by The American
Agriculturist:
1. Where it is possible to do so seed
the yard down to grass or clover and
let it bear a crop one year or raise upon
it a crop of vegetables. Of course this
necessitates two yards for the fowls, a
plan that cannot always be pursued.
Or one can, with a movable fence, cut
off the fowls from the larger part of the
yard and sow that to some quick grow
ing crop, like oats, and when it has
grown five or six inches high let the
fowls in upon it. Or one can spade the
yard in sections, sowing oats at each
spading, and thus secure a little growth
from them and a. succession of growths
of green food for the fowls. A growing
crop for one season puts the soil in ex
cellent condition for the fowls, the crop
removing just the elements that were
injurious to the fowls.
2. Spading up the yards every few
weeks, either in sections or all at once,
turning up the soil to the action of the
sun and air. Air is the best disinfectant
we have, and plenty of it will help to
rob the soil of the element poisonous to
the fowls. Spading will do for a few
years, but after awhile it will not be
sufficient.
8. The removal and casting away of
several inches of the soil and replacing
it with fresh earth. It would pay a
gardener to do this, as the soil removed
is rich in fertilizing matter, but few
have been fortunate enough to find the
gardener do this. But even if one has
to go to the expense of the removal it
pays better to do it than to have a lot
of sick and, therefore, unprofitable
fowls.
4. Temporary relief can be had by
sowing the yards with land plaster.
This will hold the injurious emanations
and keep the air in a healthful condi
tion.
5. The soil can be disinfected by a
thorough drenching with sulphate of
copper diluted in water, about one
pound of the former to 100 gallons of
the latter. The soil should be thorough
ly drenched. Of these methods the
simplest is the best—raising a crop upon
ithe yard.
Japan Flams.
The J span plums cons titute a race as
distinct from our native varieties as is
the Le Conte pear from the BartlStt.
I The trees resemble somewhat our vigor
ous varieties of the Chickasaw type, but
the foliage is larger and quite distinct,
j Some are hardy as far north as where
the wild goose succeeds, and for our
1 southern states they open anew era in
plum culture. Nurserymen have fruit
ed many varieties of this type and found
a number of decided value for both mar
ket and home use. The Botan type be
longs to the hardier group, and has giv
en good results in northern and western
| states. Botan, Burbank and Ogon are
familar varieties of this type. The
Kelsey type is less hardy, and is recom
mended for sections below the thirty
fourth degree of latitude north. The
Kelsey, Satsuma and Masu are familiar
varieties of this type.
Items of Local Interest.
Texas is the great sweet potato state
of the Union.
The holly is easily grown and makes
excellent hedges.
W. P. Mossey tells in the Texas Farm
and Ranch that potash is the great rem
edy for cotton mst.
It has been suggested that the cattle
dipping system, tested and exhibited at
the agricultural experiment station at
College Station, Tex., be exhibited at
the Dallas fair this fall.
Given by the Georgia Department
of Agriculture
FOJRTHE MONTH OF JULY.
Some News Relating to Farming, Gar
dening, Dairying, Stock Raising,
Etc., Which Will Be Interest
ing to the Farmers.
Department of Agriculture.
Atlanta, July 1. 1894.
ENGLISH ROTATION.
Can you give me some idea of the ro
tation of crops in England ?
B. H. H., Butler, Ga.
Rotation of crops in England vary as
in this country, and corn, as well as
cotton, is almost excluded, beiug sel
dom planted. The following is a popu
lar rotation in that country: Turnips
or other root crops, barley, clover, wheat,
making a four years’ rotation.
A COMPLETE FERTILIZER.
What is meant by a complete fertil
izer, and what does it contain ?
B. E. N., Dallas.
The noted French writer, professor
Ville, calls a complete manure or fer
tilizer, one that contains nitrogen,
potassium, phosphorus and lime. Lime
as a rule is found in our soils in suffi
cient quantities, so we denominate as a
complete fertilizer one that contains
phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen.
When lime is used as a fertilizer it
supplies one mineral constituted to
plants, that is calcium oxide or lime.
Usually in soils this element exists in
sufficient quantity, and the valuable re
sults frequently obtained by the use of
lime are not attributable to the supply
of this element itself as a plant food,
but to other important purposes, which
it serves. Acids, which some time are
contained in the soil to an injurious
extent, are neutralized by its alkaline
properties; stiff clays are rendered light
and mellow, and it aids also in the de
composition of insoluble, inorganic
compounds as silicates, and it is in
this manner, and not directly, that pot
ash is supplied by the use of common
lime, some of the agricultural limes
containing in themselves a small supply
of this mineral constituent. Sourness is
corrected by the use of lime in the de
struction of tho excess of vegetable
matter.
Some plants, such as peanuts, demand
an excess of lime, or rather lime much
in excess of what is demanded by other
plants, and in their cultivation it is very
valuable as a direct plant food. You
will note that the benefit you will re
ceive from the use of lime will be princi
pally in mechanical effects, and thus
aiding in proper distribution of the
applied fertilizer. We should judge
from your description of the condtion of
your soil that it is very much in need of
organic matter. This is best supplied
by the use of leguminose plant which
contributes a direct supply of nitrogen
in addition to organic matter.
STOP PLOWING.
When is the proper time to stop plow
ing corn? G. M. R., Savannah-
Corn should not be plowed after the
tassel begins to break. In a previous
number of these reports we have given
the root extent of the plant, which i*
much greater than is commonly sup
posed. In the process of plowing more
or less root pruning consequently en
sues. The nearer matuiity and the
larger and more vigorous the plant, the
greater this pruning. It is therefore
necessary when fruiting begins, in order
to husband the resources of the plant,
that the plant should have the full ben
fit of every rootlet and that the process
of cutting or disturbing them should
cease. We should direct our efforts as
far as the weather will permit to having
our crops in such condition, clean of
grass weeds, etc., that when the plant
arrives at the stage indicated further
plowing will be unnecessary.
BEGGAR LICE.
I have heard that the weed known as
beggar lice or beggar tick will
land, also that it is good for forage.
H. A. M., Key ton.
The plant known as beggar lice botan
ically belongs to the gums desmodium,
which belongs to the same family as
the pea and clover, and therefore is rich
in nutritious material. From those
who have tried it the United States de
partment has received a number of
favorable as to its value
as a feed, while green and cured for
hay it is also commended as building up
land. While the majority of those who
have tried it testify to its value, others
have condemned it, however, without
apparent reason.
PEAS.
Can 1 sow peas now with the hope of
receiving beneficial results, that is in my
corn ? I. J. 8., Woodlaw.
In these reports we have endeavored
to impress on our farmers the benefits
to be derived from sowing peas, and to
induce them to use this plant to supply
organic matter and nitrogen, the cotton
being the most expensive of all the ele
ments of plant food. If your corn has
not been laid by by all means at the last
plowing sow the middles in peas, the
improved mechanical condition of the
soil and the addition to the fertility will
amply compensate you for the trouble
and expense. The farmer’s land is his
capital, not the land as a barren waste,
but in its power to produce by virtue of
its fertility. When he adds to its fer
tility he adds to his capital, or when he
permits it to be depleted of the ele
ments to produce he impares his capi
tal, and while not visible, is actually as
much poorer as a merchant, who by
bad management each year, would find
himself with a small stock of goods and
unable to do as large a business as he
did the year before. Therefore we say
plant peas in your corn and thus aid in
maintaining your capital.
NITROGEN.
Do plants get any of their nitrogen
from the air? H. C. 8., Hampden.
While the air Is composed largely of
nitrogen, it is the opinion of chemists
that not one atom is directly appro
priated. No plants appropriate this free
nitrogen except leguminous plants, and
these plants accomplish it through
muriate bacteria found on the roots, that
are actual living organisms. An effort
is now being made by scientific students
of agriculture to inoculate other plants
with these organisms, and thus en
deavor to communicate to them the
power of appropriating free nitrogen.
FOOD FOR STOCK.
Asa food for stock how does wheat
straw compare with hay?
H. L. TANARUS., Bartow county.
It will depend of course to some ex
tent on the kind of hay. One pound of
common hay in the quantity of nutri
ment cordant .is equal to four or five
pounds of wheat straw.
DECAYING'TREES.
" How can I save trees that are begin
ning to decay from knot holes?
H. A. V., Cartersville.
To save trees that are beginning to
decay in the center from knot holes on
the outside an English paper recom
mends to empty out the water as far as
practicable with a pump and then fill
the holes with portland cement formed
into a running consistency with water.
For economy, two parts of sharp sand
or small gravel may be mixed with one
part of cement, which should be quite
fresh. When the holes are filled with
the cement, allow it to set. Then
smooth over the crown with the same
material, rounded to throw off the wet,
just having it level with the bark
around each wound, and over this apply
a coat of grafting clay so as to en
courage the growth of the bark, which
we have known to grow and close over
the cement. The thing is to get the
water out and keep it out in the future.
Clay alone would not do that, but
rather accelerate the decay by allowing
water to enter.
SOUTHDOWNS.
I note that you recommend the South
downs as good mutton sheep for this
section. Will you kindly give me some
of the reasons why you recommend this
particular breed? D. A. 8.,
Hamilton.
Mr. W. W. Chapman, experienced in
sheep raising, thus gives some of the
reasons why he prefers this breed of
sheep:
Because they .of all sheep will produce
more meat at less cost from a given area
than any other breed of sheep, for you
can keep 30 of these Southdowns where
only 20 of the larger breeds can be kept
on the same food and area. They are
small in size, but great in value. They
are big sheep in little room. They are
sheep that produce the greatest weight
where the best points are, for many of
you may not be aware of the fact that
hindquarters of Southdowns are always
one to two pounds heavier than the
forequarters.
This is a merit peculiar to them.
They are producers of fine wool of the
best quality, and although the weight
of the fleece is not so much as of some
other breeds, taken as a whole, the
figures would show a farmer received in
cash more profit from the produce of 50
Southdowns than from any other breed,
if an account of the cost of food and at
tendance were properly kept.
I prefer them because of their hardi
ness, freedom from disease and their
ability to live and thrive in extremes of
heat and cold, for they are to be found
all over the world. On their native
downs they have great extremes of cli
mate to endure, from the heat of sum
mer to the almost arctic cold of winter,
and their fine, thick wool and close
fleece is most essential to their well
being, with which, being impervious to
either wet or snow, they are able to put
up with the greatest hardships, cold and
wet, without any ill effects to their
bodily health or to the quality of their
wool. Thus not only do you by keeping
a flock of Southdowns keep a sheep of
the most valuable mutton breed, but
you keep one whose wool is of the finest
and best quality and is not affected by
the weather in the manner it affects
other breeds.
I prefer them because they will thrive
and live as well where other sheep
would almost starve; because they are
small eaters and rapid fatters and will
come to maturity as early as any other
sheep in the world; because of their
small size they produce just the joints
that make the highest price in the mar
ket.
SHADE FOE FARM ANIMALS.
The following valuable suggestion as
to the benefits to be derived from shade
from one of our exchanges is worthy of
consideration:
“ ‘The merciful man is merciful to
his beast.’ Don’t neglect, during the
months of July and August, to provide
some shady place to which your cattle,
and sheep especially, can resort to dur
ing the heat of the day.
“All stock is better for such a place,
but especially should the ruminant an.-
OFFICIAL ORGAN.
NO 28
mals have It provided. There after feed
ing they can retire and chew the cud in
comfort and derive the full benefit of
the food. If dark as well as simply
shaded overhead, they will enjoy
greater comfort, as the flies will not
trouble them so mush. An old shed or
barn makes an excellent shelter, or if
these be not available, put up a frame
work of poles and cover with brush or
weeds, or both. Such a shelter will
well repay the cost of erection in the in
creased yield and better condition of
the stock.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Great Suffering Among the Crops During
the Month of June.
During the month, throughout the
state, there is hardly a section that has
not suffered from the want of rain to
such an extent as to materially damage
the growing crops.
The early part of the month brought
a drought or rather witnessed a contin
uation of the drouth of the previous
month until all crops were parched
and withering for the want of rain.
When the rains came they were local in
character and sufficient water did not
fall to give the land the thorough wet
ting demanded by vegetation.
Asa result of the season, we regret to
say that a reference to the tabulated
statement shows the present condition
and prospect as to both corn and cotton
that has been presented in the state in a
number of years.
COTTON.
The reports received for the month
have been larger than usual in number.
For the state they show the condition
and prospect as compared with an aver
age of 77. This is 7 per cent lower
than any year for the last five years,
and is due in a large measure to the
condition throughout north and middle
Georgia, which sections suffered most
from the very cold weather late in the
spring. The subsequent seasons has
also been unpropitious for the recupera
tion and recovery of the plant from the
injury previously suffered. In both
sections the condition and prospect is
lower than shown by any report for the
past decade, in middle Georgia it is 71
per cent, and in north Georgia only 08
per cent.
CORN.
Unlike cotton, corn shows the best
condition in north Georgia, while owing
to the dronth, the crop in the southern
sections of the state is very poor.
Tabulated Statement.
Wheat, yield compared to
average g£ jj|
Oats, yield compared to av- 2
erage] i- at ei u; m
cf-ooat- t-
Corn, compared to average.
Condition and prospect... jggjtfcgo g
Cotton, compared to aver
age condition and prospect gg £gggg gj jr
: -< j :
i 4iß i : i
1111 i ;
Kq°o3 :
a | g :
£ i I& %
PSC Q < H
Destroying Weviis.
Place the seed or grain in a tight bin,
box, barrel or hogshead, or if the room
can be closed nearly air tight, pile it in
a conical heap on the floor. For each
100 pounds of seed allow an ounce of
carbon bisulphide. Pour this into a cup
and sink the cup to the rim at the top
of tbe heap. Now cover the heap with
an old carpet or thick cloth of any kind
to keep in the fumes. If the room is
not very large and can be made quite
tight, no covering of the heap will be
necessary, but one-quarter to one-half
more carbon bisulphide must be used.
Keep the cloth on or the room closed for
24 hours; then expose freely to the air,
and all traces of the carbon bisulphide
will quickly disappear. The edible
quality of the grain or its ability to
sprout will be nowise injured by the
treatment. Carbon bisulphide readily
explodes in presence of fire, and no fire
or light must be brought into the room
as long as the peculiar odor of the car
bon bisulphide is perceptible.
Potatoes la North Carolina.
A North Carolinian writing to Coun
try Gentleman says:
We all of us adopt the two crop sys
tem. Our first crop is marketed in the
great northern cities from J une 1 to 15,
and in July we plant the second crop,
which matures in October, Our second
crop has heretofore been used for seed
and home consumption exclusively, but
this year I shall b 6 disappointed if we
do not meet your northern growers in
even terms in the city markets. I oan
not see why it is not entirely feasible,
or why, with potatoes at $1 a barrel, it
will not be vastly more profitable to us
than growing corn and cotton.
At the Texas station millo maize grows
well and resists drouth, but is not con
sidered superior to other sorghums for
forage.
Japan clover has been successfully
grown at the North Carolina station and
is strongly recommended as a renovator
of worn soils.
Governor Flower, of New York, ia
taking a great deal of interest in good
roads, and is talking over the subjeot
with New York farmers.
There is no known remedy for hog
cholera, but whatever contributes to
keeping the animals in healthy condi
tion renders them less liable to its at-