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TWELVE PAGES. VOL XXII GROVERJLEVELAND Th3 President’s Long Message Read in Congress. OUR PRESENT FINANCIAL SYSTEM. lie 3laka Number of Suggestions Re garding Reform of the Laws Now Existing—Talks About Hanks and Those Gold Bonds. The message of President Cleveland has been read in congress re >rt the main features o: a .r. Only the reference to the re i cabinet officers, that have •te l a:id matters of less im p av been eleminated. to Congress of tiie United Stataa: T 0 • • 'ubjitge vvithi-i the nations legislative ha sos ■ charged with the duty of making 1 -. r th"_ l ene; tof a generous and free peo’ o.’i avs.sivel.v suggests the exacting obliga lion and inexorable responsibility involved in tlu ir ms’: at the threshold of such labor now to ; n lor.aken by the congress of the United St itcs and in tie discharge of an executive duty enjoined by the constitution, I submit t iis communication containing a brief state uient of the < orulition of our national affairs and recommending such legislation as seems to me necessary and expedient. The history of our recent dealings with other nations and our peaceful relations with them at this t me a klitionally demonstrate the advan tage of consistently adhering to a firm but just foreign policy free, from envious or abitious national schemes and characterized by entire honesty and sincerity. Di ring the past ear pursuant to a law of to i ress commissioners were appointed to the Antwerp Industrial exposition. Though the participation of American exhibitors fell far .sort of completely illusiatiug or national inge nuity and industrial achievements yet it was quite creditable in view of the brief time al lowed for prep ra ion. I have endeavored to impress upon the Bel gium government the needlessness and posi tive harmfulness of its restrictions upon the importation of certain of our food products, and have strongly urged that the rigid supervi sion and inspection under our laws are ainpft sufficient to prevent the exportation from this country of diseased cattle and unwholesome meats. The termination of the civil war in Brazil hat been followed by a general prevalence of peace and order. It appearing at an early stage of the insurrection that its course would call for unusual watchfulness on the part of this government, our naval force in the harbor of ltio Janerio was strengthened. This pre caution lam satisfied tended to restrict the issue to a simple trial of strength between the Brazilian government and the insurgents and to avert complications, which at times seemed imminent. Our firm attitude of neutrality was maintained to the end. The insurgents re ceived no encouragement of eventual asylum from our commanders, and .such opp< s tion as they encountered was f r the protection of our commerce and was clearly justified by public law. A serious tension of relations having arisen at the close of the war between Brazil and Portugal by reason of tiie escape of the insur gent Admiral DaGama and his followers. The friendly offices of our repre.se...atives to those countries were exerted for the protection <>i i the subjects of either within iue territory of the other, although the government of Brazil was only notified that the commercial arrange ment existing between the United States and that country based on the third section of the Tariff law of 1890, was abrogated on August 28. 1894. by the tak.ng effect of the tariff law in force that government sub equently notified us of its intention to terminate such arrange ment on the first day of January. 1895. in the exercise of the right reserved in the arrange ment between-the two countries. Attention to tiie correspondence between the secretary of state and the Brazilian minister on this sub ject. The commission organized under the conven tion which we had entered into with Chili for the settlement of the outstanding claims of each government against the otner adjourned at the end of the period stipulated for its con tinuance. leaving undetermined a number of At leriean cases which had been duly present ed. T .ese claims are not barred and negotia tions are in pro gross for the submission to a new tt banal. ( n j c 17th of March last anew treaty with Chii. in fourti'i regulation of emigration • a s;'-i->1 at Washington, and >n August 13th it roecr od the - cu; tiou of the senate. Ratifica tion < n the !>...rt of Coin.t and formal exchange are awaited to give effect to tais mutually ben eficial convention. A gratifying re ognition of the uniform im partiality of this country towards all foreign states was manifested by tae co-incident re quest of the Chinese and Japanese governments that the agents of the United States should, within proper limits afford protection to the subjects of the other during the suspension of diplomatic relation* due to a* state of war. This delicate office was accepted, and a mis apprehension which gave rise to the belief that in affording this kindly unofficial protection our agents would exercise the same. Authority which the withdrawn agents of the belligerents had exercised was promptly cor rected, although the war between China and Japan endangers no policy of the L n.ted States, it deserves our greatest consideration bv reason of its disturbance of our growing commercial interests in the two countries and the increased dangers which may result to our citizens domiciled or sojourning in the interior of China acting under a stipulation in our treaty with Korea. (The first concluded with a western power.) I felt constrained at the beginning of the controversy to tender our good office: to induce an amicable arrangement of the initial difficulty growing out of the Japa nese demands for an administrative reform m Korea hut the unhappy precipitation of actual hostilities defeated this kindly purpose. De ploring the destructive war between the two most powerful of the eastern nations and anx ious that our commercial interests may be preserved and that the s ld citizens there shall not be jeopardised I would not hesitate to head any intimation that our friendly aid for the honorable rull^ tlon hostilities would be acceptable to both belli g Tc n onvention has been finally concluded for •ht SS-nt by arbitration of ,Prolog ~ “ £“B* wethcr S? Sr sympathy and similarity in tboir torn, of pov ° ~nt - imprest from our people attach doubt of the depth ami sinceruj. c ment. j .lie senate and qv n p resolutions passed to ti * . a * Acting upon the reported discovery *f Texas stock and hoped that Germany will been received. It P tfae inhi bition is soon become f : , mutual interests needless as u s harmfm . bas proteß t*d T ln-t t iSmoviffion of the customs tariff act cgainst t ,at pi on . . nating duty of one wu h imposes adu 3^r com ing from •ent iof one cent a P * boU nty thereon, noun rna a P ao ch duty, is in *“ sand 9 ol the treaty ot * •; ws s-- ~..x- | S > uiu. O. t tlt Te '. on-T a , . lt te lion io uoarvompa.. ' • u / 1 ” r < ;exontam. 13 \ qx itio secret tr,> _ _ .♦->- .*• > 1 a ot the <iuo: ions rais and ‘ w!ts ’ LJ:-V i-1 tte veit ' a a - ree ut — fffffffffffffffffffff v-i reached \t th Grea 1- t , * or.lotions to e iven , 1 0:1 orn ng in o the two goverment* ° nd :rs contiguous no t, Pn i „ ’ sea a -d tae mice in the execution o' t ° C:in lor th b- Kuid tribunal arbitration ami rluf 1 ie Baris regulations t lercin nril K e , U or emeat 01 he tioa of se p iife7n , P r r ? e J lor ’* o™tec understanding has a'so"‘ iterS menU ’ necl - Aq Payment by he Uni - ' ee;l r " a !ie 1 f " r the •ntt-fartlon of au 'm™ “ * -'” <•• by Great Britain fr,r ' ' * i; - a oe made the controversy as to f U rT ■* K ' r ’ in " oul of or the seizure of c_- ti 8 s n r e Sea taking ■*.“ Ve ’* sls ,;nga ' eJ in viu e t t !l !ich 1 e mv nve. lam con ti ~ed o m V e:r,cn ' “P toe • ras men- O’ ea. -fi 1 * U e iUi a e ' aiit.i^eous a.icl i rec*o d t>. 1 t .. , for the pri.mpt payment 0 ° be nlade Tuv.*o. ‘/. t, 1 td sum. nived'*-e r iV, ' rU “ e ail ' l ' ta ’ a l i;ave si*- t o ti • U '"• to ad..ere to theregula trliinnu f '■ ,r ' r the a --arl of the Paris itriounai 01 arl; r o:. a ffi I ".?'.'r** r ’’ s:ir ' t5 -' 80! ’ • e Alas. ain boundary Sf nroflo, at^ V ex:tm,n 11 the question wat rs l “ til ° rod 8 ‘ i the coniiguou* orLi , e V“ llod ’ :a '*! the Dominion 01 idiia ia are in pro^rcSj, . boundiy of British Gumiea still remains in dispute between Great Britain and Veni- Believing that its early settlement on some just alike honorable to both par es, is in the line of our established policy to remove from this hemisphere all causes of dif ferences with powers beyond the sea, I shall re new the efforts heretofore made to bring about a restoration of diplomatic relations between the disputants and induce recourse to arbitra tion which Great Britain so conspicuously favors in principal and respects in practice and which is earnestly sought by her weaker adver sary. Since communicating the volumnous cor respondence in regard to Hawaii and the ac tion taken by the senate and house of regre sentatives on certain questions submitted to the judgment and wider discretion of congress the organization of a government in place of the provisional arrangement which followed, the deposition of the Queen has been announc ®d with evidence of its effective operation. The recognition usual in such cases has been ac corded the new government under our present treaties of extravation with Italy miscarriages of justice have occurred owing to the refusal of the government to surrender its own sub jects. Thus far our efforts to negotiate an amended convention obviating this difficulty has been unavailing. Apart from the war in which the island em pire is engaged Japan attracts increasing at tention in this country by her evident desire to cultivate more liberal intercourse with us and to seek our kindly aid in the furtherance of her lauable desire for complete autonomy in her domestic affairs and full equality in the family of nations. The Japanese empire of to day is no longer the Japan of the past, and our relations with this progressive nation should not be less broad and liberal than those with other powers. Good will fostered by many interests in common has marked our relations with our nearest southern neighbor. Peace being restored along her northern frontier. Mexico has asked the punishment of the late disturbers of her tranquility. There ought to be anew treaty of commerce and nav igation with that country to take the place of the one which terminated thirteen years ago. The friendliness of the intercourse between the two countries is attested by the fact that during this long period the commerce of each has steadily increased un :er the role of mutual con. 'deration, oei.ig neither^*! undated i y con ventional a aJTift • 3 rded b.-Ve; ous rivalry ; , or se. sh distrust- An indemnity tendered by Mexico as a gra cious act for the murder in 1887 of Leon Bald win an American citizen by a band of marau ders in Durango has been accepted and is be ing paid in installments, fih problem of the storage and use of the waters of the Rio Grande for irrigation should be solved by ap propriate concurrent action of the two inter ested countries. Rising in the Colorado Height the stream flows intermittently yield ing little water during the dry months to the Irrigating channels already constructed along it 6 course. In its course through level sands often raise embarrassing questions of territorial jurisdic tion. Prominent among the questions of the year was the Blueflelds incident, in what Is known as the Mosquito Indian strip bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and within the juris diction of Nicaragua. By the treaty of 1860 be tween Great Britain and Nicaragua the for mer government expressly recognised the sovereignty of the latter over the strip and a limited form of self-government was guaran teed to the Mosquito Indians to be exercised according to their customs, fwr themselves and other dwellers within it:, limits. The socalled native government, which grew to be largely made up of a lie is for many years disputed the sovereign;.- oi Nicaragua over the strip and claimed tb right to maintain therein a practically independent municipal government. Early in the past year efforts of Nicaragua to maintain sovereignty over the Mosquito territory led to serious disturbances culminating in the suppression of the native government and the attempted substitution of an impracticable composite administration in which Nicaragua and alien residents were lo participate. Failure was followed by an insurrection which for a time subverted Ni caraguan rule, expelling her officers and re storing the old organization. This, in turn, gave place to the existing local government established and upheld by Nicaragua. Although the alien interests arrayed against Nicaragua in these transactions have been largely American and the commerce of that region has been for some time and still is chiefly controlled by our citizens, we cannot for that reason challenge the rightful sover eignty of Nicaragua over this important part of her domain. For some months one. and part of the time two, of our naval, ships have been stationed at Blueflelds for the protection of all legitimate interests of our eitizeus. In September last the government a Nicaragua expelled from its territory twelve or more for eigners including two Americans for alleged narticipation in the seditious or revolutionarj movements against the republic at Blueflelds already mentioned, but by the earnest remon atrances of this government, the two Ameri cans have been permitted to return to the peaceful management of their business. Our naval commanders at the scene of these dis turbances by their constant exhibition of firm ness and good judgment contributed largely to the prevention of more serious consequences and to the restoration of quiet and order. T regret tkat in the midst of these occr rences there happened a most grave and irri gating failure of Nicaraguan justice. An American citizen named Wilson restding at in the mosquito territory, was mur- SSd bv one Angillo, the acting governor of the town. After some ui lay tae murderer was arrested but so insecurely con..nod or guarded thatlhe escaped and notwithstanding our re -1 , , . ri it is claimed his re-capture ha- 1 been impossible by rea -on of his flight be having given ,75, forfeiture of tneir concession to the rss:c:?rss her recuperation from the distresses of n ess of her re p^ yeakened in resources, her in facing international obligations difficulties in facing and justify our for toTlte<,u/iiSUSlong pending claims. I f in connection Tne "recent gently Purred ! ca!led forth appro death of the Czar and sy m P aihy on iis oerea " !d ! T l,y ,“Cr n-.pe.-t Asafurtner uem Pete -burg was friendship our minister at J tbe directed torepre sealing .nterests of l Uner t in sea are second only to our Russia in Behn * lhe , efor! . been con own. A modus GIV , rve ..ameat restne oluded Queries and live of poaching on the oompre _ headed In arena denned in the JACKSON, GA., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1894. aris award. Occasion has been found t<i urge upon the Russian government equality of treatment for our great life insurance compa nies whose operations have been extended throughout Europe. Admitting as we do foreign operation to nansaet business in the United States, we naturally expected no less tolerance for our o’.in in the ample fields of competition abroad. But few cases of interference -with naturaliz ed citizens returning to Russia have been re ported during the current year. One Krze in,nski. was arrested last summer in a Polish prov i nee on a reported charge of unpermitted renunciatiation of Russian allegiance but it transpired that the proceedings originated in alleged malea-fanee committed by Krzeminski Chilean imperial official a number of years ago. Efforts for his release, which promised to be successful, were in progress when his death was reported. lae government of Salvador being over thrown by an abrupt popular outbreak, certain of its military and civil officers, while hotly pursued by infuriated Insurgents, sought refuge on board of the United States warship Bennington, then lying in a Salvadorn port. Although tae practice of asylum is not favored by this government, yet in view of the immi nent peril which threatened the fugitives, and solely from consideration of humanity, they were afforded shelter by our naval commander and ihen afterwards demanded under our treaty of extraditon with Salvador for trial on charges of murder, arson and robbery, I di rected that such of them as had not voluntarily left the ship be conveyed to one of our nearest ports where a hearing could be had before a judiciary officer in compliance with the terms of the treaty. On their arrival at San Pran cisco such a proceeding was promptly insti tuted before the United district judge, who held that the acts constituting the alleged offenses were political and discharged all the accused except Cienfuegoes. who was held for attempt to murder. Thereupon I was con strained to direct his release for the reason that an attempt to murder was not one of the crimes charged against him and upon which his surrender to the Salvadorean authorities had been demanded. Unreasonable and unjust fines imposed by Spain on the vessels and commerce of the United States, have demanded from time to time, during the last twenty years, earnest re monstrance on the part of our government. In the immediate past exorbitant penalties have been imposed upon our vessels and goods by customs authorities of Cuba and Porto Rico for clerical errors of the most trivial character in the manifests or bills of lading. In some cases fines amounting to thousands of dollars have been levied upon cargoes or the carrying ves sels when the goods in question were entitled to free entry. Fines have been exacted even whea the error had been detected and the Spanish authorities notified before tnearrival of tiie goods in port. This conduct isin strange contrast with t e con siderate and literal treatment extended to Spanish vessels and cargoes ia oar ports in like casos. No satisiaetory settlement of these vex ations questions has yet been reached. The Mora case, referre! to in my last annual mes sage, remains unsettled. From the diplomatic cor.espondence on this subject, whicn has been laid before the sen ite, it will be seen that this government has offered to :on lade a conven tion with Spain for disposal by arbitration of outstanding claims bet ween the two countries, except the Mora claim, which ha Yin' been long ago adjusted now on y wants payment as stipu lated and of course it coild not be included in the proposed convention. It was hoped this offer would remove parliamentary o stacles en countered by the Spanish government in pro viding paym nt of the Mora indemnity I re gret to say that no definite reply to this offer has yet been made and ail efforts to accure pay ment of this sett lid have been unavail ing, 1 In my last annua) m issage I adverted to the claim on the part of Turkey of the right to ex pell. as persons undesirable and and dangerous, Ameri. ans naturalized in tae United States and returning to Turkish jurisdiction. Numer ous questions in this relation nave arisen. While this government acquiesces in the as serted right of expulsion it will not consent that Americans may be imprisoned or other wise punisaed for 110 other reason than having acquired without imperial consent American cittzenship. Three of the assailants of Miss Melton, an American teacher in Mosul, have been convicted by the Ottoman courts, andi am advised that an appeal against the acquital of the remaining five has been taken by the Turkish prosecuting officers. A convention has been concluded with for the arbitra tion of a long disputed claim growing out of the seizure of certain vessels, the property of citi zens of the United States. Although signed, the treaty of extradition with Venezuela is not yet in force, owing to the insistence of that government that, when sur rendered, its citizens shall in no case be liable to capital punishment. The rules for the prevention of collisions at sea which were framed by the maritine confer ence held in this city in 1889 having been con currently incorporated in the statues of the United States and Great Britain, have been announced to take effect March 1, 1895, and invitations have been extended to all maritine nations to adhere to them. Favorable re sponses have thus far been received from Aus tria, France. Portugal Spain and Sweden. In my last annual message I referred briefly to the unsatisfactory state of affairs in Samoa under the operation of the Berlin treaty as signally illustrating the impolicy of entang ling alliances with foreign powers, and on May B, 1894, in response to a resolution of the senate I sent a special message and document to that body on the same subject, which emphasized my previously expressed opinions. Later oc currences, the _ correspondence in regard to which will be laid before congress further demonstrates that the government which was devised by the three powers and forced upon the Samoans against their inveterate hostility can be maintained only by the con tinued presence of foreign military force and at no small sacrifice of life and treasure. The suppression of the Matasfa insurrection by the powers, and the subsequent banishment of the leader and eleven other chiefs, as recited in my last message, did not bring lasting peace tc the islands. Formidable uprisings continued and finally a rebellion broke out in the eapitol island. The King again appealed to the powers foi help and the combined British and German naval forces reduced the Atuans to apparent subjection not however without considerable loss to the natives. A few days later Yama sese and his adherent, fearing the ships and the marines, professed submission. Reports received from our agents at Apia do not justi fy the belief that the peace thus brought about will be of long duration. It is their conviction that the natives are at heart hostile to the present government: that such of them as profess loyalty to it do so from fear of the powers and that it would speedily go to pieces if the warships were withdrawn. In report ing to his government on the unsatisfactory situation since the suppression of the late re volt. by foreign armed forces, the Gorman con sul at Apia stated that peace will be lasting is hardly to be presented. The lesson given by firing on Atu was not sufficiently sharp and incisive to leave a lasting impression on the forgetful Samoan temperament. In fact conditions are existing which show that peace will not last and it is not seriously intended. Listen the king, and his chief are convinced that the departure of the warships will be a signal for a renewal of war. The circumstan ces that the representatives of the villages of all the districts which were opposed to the government have already withdrawn to Atua to hold meetings and that both Atua and Aana have forbidden inhabitants of those districts which fought on the side of the government tc return to their villages and have already partly burned down the latter indicates areal con ciliation of the parties is still far off. Anc in a note of the 18th Ufa inclosing a copy ol tkat report for the information 01 this gov ernment. the German ambassador said ••n’he contents of the report in. Derial governments apprehension that unu existing circumstances the peace conel with the rebels will afford no assurance of lasting restoration of tranquility m the present government has utterly to correct, if Indeed it net aggrevat very evils it was intern ed 10 present not stimulated our commerce with the lands Our participation m its establisiuc the wishes of the was ta p..- defiance of the conservative teachings and warnings of the wise at 1 patriotic men who laid the foundations of oir ftee institution and I invite an expression of the judgment of congress in the propriety of steps being taken by this government looking to the withdrawal from its engagements with the other powers on some reasonable terms not prejudicial to any of our exciting rights. The secretary of the treasury reports that the receipts of the government from ali sources of revenue during the fiscal year ending June 30, 164, amounted to $372.802.4*98.29 and : ts ex penditures to $442,604,758. leaving a deficit of $69.808.2-;o.58. There was a decrease of 115,952.- 874.68 in the ordinary expenses of the g( vern ■ment as compared with the fiscal year 1893. There was collected from customs $431,818,530.62 and from internal revenue $147.168.449.70. Ihe balance of the income for the year amounting to $93,815 817.97 was derived from the sales of lands and other sources. The balance of our total dutiable imports amounts to $275,199,086. being $155,657,625 less than during the preceding year and the im portations free of duty amounted to $379,793.- 538. being $64. 748.675 less than during the pre ceding year. The receips from customs were $73,636,486.11 less and from internal revenue $13,836,539.97 less than in 1893. The total tax collected from distilled spirits was $85,259,150.25 on manufactured tobacco S2B 617.868.62 and on fermented liquors $31,414,788.01. Our exports of merchandise domestic and foreign, amount ed during the year to $892,140,572, being an in crease over the preceding year of $44 485.378. The report of the attorney general notes t’.-- gratifying progress made by the supreme court in overcoming the arrears of its business and in reaching a condition in which it will be able to dispose of cases as they arise without any unreasonable delay. This result is of course very largely due to the successful working Oi the plan of inaugurating circuit courts of ap peals. In respect to these tribunals the sug gestion is made in quarters entitled to the highest consideration that an additional dis trict judge for each circuit would greatly strengthen these courts and the confidence re posed in their adjudications. And that such an addition would not create a greater foroe of judges than the increasing business of such courts requires. I commend the suggestion to the careful consideration of the congress. Other important topics are adverted to in the report, accompanied by reeonmr dations, many of which have been treated ai large in previous messages, and at this time therefore need only be named. 1 refer to the abolition oi the fee system as a measure of compensa tion to federal officers. The enlargement of the powers of the United States commissioners at least in the territories, the allowance of writs of error in criminal cases on behalf of the United States, and the establishment of degrees in the crime of murder. A topic deal: with by the attorney general of much impc— tance is the condition of the administration of justice in the Indian Territory. The perma nent solution of what is called the Indian problem is probably not to be expected at once, but meanwhile such ameliorations cf present conditions as the existing system will admit of ought not to be neglected. lam satisfied there should be a federal court estab lished for the territory with sufficient judges, and that this court should sit within Ue terri tory and have the same jurisdiction as to terri torial affairs as is now vested in the federal courts sitting in Arkansas and Texas. Free Through the Mails. The postofflee master'gcneral believes that it, the near future all legitimate newspapers anc) periodical magazines might be properly" trans mitted through the mails to their gubscrii'vrs free of cost. I invite your prompt consideration c' :hr\ subject, and fully indorse the views of u?c I master general. The total lumber of post off'aee in the ‘ - Stuics on the OOth of June 18 1 4 was 69 80.'J COi crease of 403 over the preeeediug yea.. *o, these 34-8 were presidential, an increase in that class of 68 over the preceding year. Six hundred and ten cities and town* are provided with free delivery. Ninety-three other cities and towns entitled to this service under the law have not been accorded in on ac count of ine firi nt funds. T.ie expense of free delivery for the current fiscal year will he more than $12,3.0 000 and under existing legislation this item of expenditures is subject to constant increase. The estimated cost of rural free de livery, generally is so very large that it ought not to be considered in tne present condition of affairs. During the year 830 additional domestic money order offices were established. The total number of these offices at the close of the year was 13,264 There were 14 303 041 money orders issued during the year, being an increase over tie preceding year of 994,306. The value of t .ese orders amounted to $138,793,579.40, an increase of sll 217,145 84. There were also is sued during the year postal notes amounting to $12,649,091.55. During the year 213 international 1 monev order offices were added to these already established, making a total of 2.625 such offices in operation June 30th, 1894 The number of in ternational money orders issued during the year was 917'82;, a decrease in number of 138,- 176 and tneir value was 13 792 455,5i, a decrease in amount of $2 549,382.55. Tne number of orders paid was 8611*0. an increase over the preceding year of 60 262 and their value was $6,568,493.78, an increase of $1,285,118.03. From the foregoing statement it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year mounted to $165,225,229-35. The number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,436,- 970. The special delivery stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to $343,- 797. The messengers fees paid for their de livery amounted to $261,203,70, leaving a bal ance in favor of the government of $82,487.80. The report shows most gratifying results iu the way of econemies worked out without af fecting the efficiency of the postal service. These consist in the abrogation of steamship subsidy con icts, re-letting of mail contraot*, and in the cost and amount of supplies used in the service amounting to $16,619,047.42. This report also contains a valuable contri bution to the history of the Universal Postal union, an arrangement which amounted prac tically to the establishment of one postal sys tem for the entire civilized world. Special at tention is directed to this subject at this time, in view of the fact that the next congress of the union will meet in Washington in 1897 and it is hoped that timely action will be taken in the direction of perfecting preparations for that event. The postmaster general renews the sugges tion made in a previous report that the depart ment organization be increased to the extent of creating a direct supervision of all postal affairs, and in this suggestion I fully concur. There are now connected with the postoffice establishment 32,061 employes who are in the classified service. This includes many who have been classified upon the suggestion of the postmaster general. He states that another year's experience at the head of the department serves only to strengthen the conviction as to the excellent working of the civil service law in this branch of the public service. Attention is called to the report of the secre tary of the navy which shows very gratifying progress in the construction of ships for our new navy. All the vessels now building, in cluding the three torpedo boats authorized at the last session of congress excepting the first olass battleship lowa, will probably be com pleted during the coming fiscal year. The estimates for the increase of the navy for the year ending June 30, 1896, are large, but they include practically the entire sum neces sary to complete and equip all the new ships not now in commission so that unless new ships are authorized the appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30. 1897. should fall below the estimates for the coming year by at least $12,000,000. The secretary presents with much earnest ness a plea for the authorization of three ad ditional battle ships and ten or twelve torpedo boats. While the unarmor*d vessels heretofore authorized, including those now nearing com pletion. will constitute a fleet, which it is be lieved is sufficient for ordinary cruising pur poses in time of peace, we have now completed and in process of construction but four first class battle ships and >ut four torpedo boats. If we are to have a navy for warlike operations offensive and defensive, we certainly ought to increase both the number of battle ships and torpedo boats. I recommend that provision be made for the construction of additional battleship and tor pedo boats. The secretary recommended the manufacture not only of a reserve supply of ordnance and ordnance material for ship* of the navy but al<o a sapid- f • the auxiliary field. Guns and their apip ira nances shouid r.e provided and kept on h md for both these jurposes. We have not today a single gun .hat could be put upon the ships Paris or New York of the international navigation eom >r any other ship of our reserved navy. 1 _ manufacturer of guns at the Washington navy yards is proceeding satisfactorily, and n- of our new ships will be required to wait lor neir guns or ordnance equipments. An imp. nant order has been is ued by the secre tary of the navy, co-ordinating the duties of the several bureaus concerned in the con struction of ships. This order it is believed will secure to a greater extent ther. has here tofore been possible the harmonious action of these several bureaus and make the attain ment of the best results more certain. During the past fiscal year there has been an unusual and pressing demand in many quarters of the world for vessels to guard American interests. In January last during the Brazil ian insurrection a large fleet was concentra ted in the harbor of the Rio de Janeiro. The vigorous action of Rear Admiral Benham in protecting the personal and commercial rights of our citizens during the disturbed conditions afforded results which will, it is believed, have a far reaching and wholesome influence when ever in like circumstances it may become nec essary for our naval commanders to interfere in behalf of our people in foreign ports. The war now in progress between China and Japan has rdndered it necessary or expedient to dispatch eight vessels to those waters. The report of the secretary of the interior exhibits the situation of the numerous and in teresting branches of the public service con nected with his department. I commend this report and the valuable recommendations of the secretary to the cureful attention of the congress. The public land disposed of during the year amounted to 10.401.008.77 acres, including 28.- 876.05 of Indian lands. It is estimated that the public domain still remaining amounts to a little more than (500.000.000 acres, including, however, about 360,000.000 acres in Alaska as well as military reservations and railroad and other selections of land as yet unadjudicated. The total cash receipts from the sale of lands amounted to $2,674,285.95. including $91,931.03 received from Indian lands. Thirty-five thou sand patents were issued for agricultural lands and thirty-one hundred patents were issued to Indians on allotments of their holdings in severalty. The land not allottod being inalien able by the Indians for a period of twenty-five years after patent. There were certified and patented on account of railroad and wagon grants during the year 865,556.45 acres of land, and at the close of the year twenty-nine acres are embraced in the lists of selections made by railroad men and wagon road companies and awaited settlement.. The selections of swamp lands, and that taken as indemnity therefrom since the passage of the act providing for the same in 1849, amount to or nearly or quite eighty million acres, of which fifty-eight million have been patented to states. About 138,(XX) acres were patented during the last year. Nearly 820,000 acres of school and education grants were approved during the year, and at its close 1,250,303.81 acres remained unadjusted. It appears that the appropriation for the cur rent year, on account of special service for the protection of the public lands and the timber , thereon, is much less than those for previous years and inadequate for an efficient perform ance of the work. A larger sum of money than • us been appropriated during a number of ■ ears past on account has been returned to ae government afe a result of the labors of ■ose employed in the particular service men ded, and I hopp will not be crippled by an q. jijtflcient apnr i-iation. I, fully endorse the 'tnendaiion If the secretary that adequate ~~ be provided for our foi reserves $ S' . iat a comyrehenseve ioreedry system > 5 jr,/ifhrated. '•* "y-xt the close of the last fiscal yeai, on the 30th day of June, 1894, there were 909,544 persons on our pension rolls, being a net increase of 3,532 over the number reported at the end of the previous year. These pensions may be classified as follows: Soldiers and sailors, survivors of all wars, 753,978: widows and relatives of deceased sol diers, 215,182; army nurses in the war of the rebellion 414. Of these pensioners 32.039 are surviving soldiers of Indian and other wars prior to the late civil war and the widows or relative of such soldiers. The remainder, num bering 937,505 are receiving pensions on account of the war of the bebellion and of these 469,340 are on the rolls under the authority of the act of June 27, 1890, sometimes called the depen dent pension law. The total amount expended for pensions dur ing the year was $139,801,461, leaving an unex pended balance from the sum appropriated of $25,205,712. The amount necessary to meet pension ex penditures for the year ending June 30, 1896, is estimated at $140,000,000. The commissioner of pensions is of the opin ion that the year 1895, being the thirtieth after the close of the war of the rebellion, must ac cording to all sensible human calculation see the highest limit of the pension roll and that after that year it must begin to decline. The claims pending in the bureau have de creased more than 90,000 during the year. A large proportion of the new claims filed are for increase of pension by those now on the rolls. The number of certificates issued was 80.213. The names dropped from the rolls for all causes during the year numbered 37,951. Among our pensioners are nine widows and three daughters of the revolution and forty five survivers of the war of 1812. The bare-faced and extensive pension frauds exposed under tne direction of the courageous and generous veteran soidier now at the head of the bureau leave no room for the claim that no purgation of our pension rolls was needed or that continued vigilance and prompt action are not necessary to the same, and the accusation that an effort to detect pension frauds is evi dence of unfriendliness towards our worthy vet erans and a denial of their claims to the gener osity of the government, suggests an unfortu nate indifference to the commission of any of fence wnich has for its motive the issuing of a pension, and indication of a willingness to be blind to the existence of mean and treacherous crimes which play upon demagoic fears and make sport of the patriotic impulse of a grate ful people. The completion of the eleventh census is now in charge of the commissioner of labor. Tiie total disbursements on account of the work for the fiscal year ending June 30th 1894, amounted *l9 365.676.81, at the close of the year the number icrsons employed in the cen sus office was 679, at present there are about 400. The whole number of volumes' necessary to comprehend the 11th census will he twenty five and they will contain 22,270 printed pages. The assurance is confidently made that before the close of the presell'. Cihu’ar yearth3 material still incomplete will be practically in hand and the census can certainly be closed by the 4th of March. 1895. After that the revision and proof reading necessary to bring out the volumes will still be required. The text of the census volumes has been lim ited as far as possible to the analysis of the statistics presented Tuts method w’hich is in accordance with law has caused more or less friction and in some instances individual disap pointment for when the commissioner of .labor took charge of the work he found much matter os hand which according to this rule he was compelled to discard. The tariff act passed at the last session of congress needs important amenedments if it is to be executed effectively and with certainty. In addition to such necessary amendments as will not change rates of duty, I am still very decidedly in favor of putting coal and iron on the free list. So far as the sugar schedule is concerned, I would be glad, under existing aggravations, to see every particle of differential duty in favor of refining sugar stricken out of our tariff law. If with all the favor now accorded the sugar refining interests in our tariff laws it still lan guishes to the extent of closed refineries and thousands of discharged workmen, it would seem to present a hopeless case for reasonable legislative aid. During the last month the gold reserved in the treasury for the purpose of redeeming the notes of the government circulating as money in the hands of the people became so reduced and its further aeplet ion in the near future seemed so certain that iu the exercise of prop er care for the public welfare it became nec cessary to replenish this reserve and thus maintain popular faith in the ability and da- trrmiß ition of the govei-nment to meet, as agreed. its pecuniary obligations. It would have tern well if in this emergency authority had existed, to issue the bonds of ft he gov ernment bearing a low date of interest and maturing within a short period, but the con gress having failed to confer such authority, resort was necessarily had to the resumption act of lS7f>. and pursuant to its provisions bonds were issued drawing interest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum and maturing ten years after their issue, that being the short est time authorized by the act. lam glad to say, however, that on the sale of these bonds the premium received operated to reduce the rate of interest to be paid by the government to less than 3 per cent. Nothing could be worse or further removed from sensible finance that the relations existing between the cur rency. The government has issued the gold bonds for its redemption and the means which must be resorted to for the purpose of re plenishing such redemption fund when in spired. Even if the claims upon this fund wery confined to the obligations originally in tended and if the redemption of these obliga tions meant their cancellation tUo fund would be very small. But these obligations when read and redeem ed in gold are not canceled but are reissued and may do duty several times bv way of draw ing gold from the treasury thus we have an endless chain of operaiion constantly deplet pleting the treasury's gold and never near a final rest as if this was not bad euought we have by a statuatory declaration that it is the pelicy of the government To maintain the parity between gold and sil ver, aided the force and momentum of this ex hausting proves* tai added largely to the cur rency obligations claiming this peculiar gold redemption our small gold reserve is the sub ject to drain from every side. The demands that increase our danger also increass the necessity of protecting this re serve against depletion and it is most unsrtis factory to know that the protection afforded is only a temporary palliation. It is perfectly and palpably plain that the only way under present conditions by which this reserve when dangerously depleted can be replenished is through the issue and sale of the bonds of the government gold, and yet congress has not only thus far declined to authorize the issue of bonds best suited to such a purpose, but there seems a dispositionin some quarters to deny both the necessity and power for the issue of bonds at all. I cannot for a mement believe that any of our citizens are deliberately will ing that their government should default in its pecuniary obligations or that its financial op erations should be reduced to a silver basis. At any rate I should not feel that my duty w-as done if I omitted any effort I could make to avert such calamity. As long therefore as no provisfon is made for the scheme modifying present banking laws and providing for the is sue of circulating notes by state banks free from taxation under certain limitations. It is proposed to repeal all laws providing for the deposit of United States bonds as secu rity for circulation, to permit national banks to issue circulating notes not exceeding in amount seventy-five per cent, of their paid-up and impaired capital, provided they deposit with "the government as a guarantee fund in United States legal tender notes, including treasury notes of 1893, a sum equal in amount to thirty per cent, of the notes they desire to issue this deposit to be maintained at all times, but when any bank retires any part of its circulation a proportionate part of its guar antee fund shall be returned to issue, to per mit the secretary of the treasury to prepare and keep on hand ready for issue in case an in crease in circulation is desired blank national notes for each bank having circulation and to repeal the provisions of the present law im posing limitations and restrictions upon banks desiring to reduce or increase their circulation —thus permitting su(‘ft increase or reduction within the limit of . seventy-five per cent, of CapHai to be quickly made as emergencies arise. In addition to Hlie guarantee fuse! re quired it is proposed to provide a safety fund for the immediate redemption of the circulat ing notes of failed banks by imposing a small tax, say one-half of one per cent, upon the 'average circulation of each bank until the funds amounts to five per cent, of the total cir culation outstanding. Each national bank, except in case of a failed bank shall redeem or retire its notes in the first instance at its own offke or at agencies to be maintained on account of deposits. Another very important feature of this plan is the exemption of state banks from taxation by the United States in cases w'here it is shown to the satisfaction of the secretary of the treas ury and comptroller of the currency by banks claiming such exemption that they have not had outstanding their circulating note exceed ing 75 per cent of their paid up and unimpaired capital, that their stockholders are individually liable for the redemption of their circulating notes to the full extent of their ownership of stock; that the liabilities of said banks upon their circulating notes constitutes under their state law a first lien upon their assets; that such banks have kept and maintained a guaran tee fund in United States legal tender notes in cluding treasury notes of 1890 equal to thirty per cent of their outstanding circulating notes when presented at their principal or branch of fices. I conclude this communication fully appre ciating that the responsibility for all legislation affecting the people of the United States rests upon their representatives in congress and as suring them that whether in accordance with recommendations I have made or not, 1 shall be glad *n co operate in perfecting any legisla tion that tends to the prosperity and welfare of our con ntry. (Signed) GROVER CLEVELAND, Dec. 3, 1894. Executive Mansion. A RECIPE. Minute Dirsetions for the Preparing of .Melon Maijgoes. Select small, green watermelons or muskmelons. Cut out a piece about one inch wide from the whole length of the melon; from this opening re move the seeds with a spoon and scoop out the soft portion in the center; save the piece you cut out to fit in again; prepare all the melons the same way. Make a brine of salt and cold water, put in enough salt until it will bear up an egg; put the melons in a four-gallon jar or firkin and poar brine over them; let them stand twenty-four hours, drain well, keeping each piece with the melon it was cut from. For the filling, to one dozen melons allow two large heads of cabbage, chopped fine; if you can get them use a pint of nas turtium seeds; one teaspoon of ground cloves, one of cinnamon, a tablespoon of salt and a little black pepper, or, if you prefer, one green pepper chopped fine, leaving the seeds out. If you cannot get nasturtium seeds use half a cup of white mustar 1 seed; mix all together and fill the melons full, pressing it in firm: put in the p ece and tie with white twine. When all are filled pat into a stone jar. cover with vinegar and leave twenty-four hours; then put them in a porcelain kettle, part at a time, an l cook them slowly half an hour: put them back in the jar and cover with fresh cold vinegar; add a cup of nasturtium seels and a few pieces of horseradish; the latter pre vents them from molding. In two days pour off the vinegar and heat scolding hot an 1 pour over the man goes: le.t it remain uncovered until cold, then tie up an 1 keep in a cool, dry place.—Pittsburgh Chronicle-Tele- We give our readers the President’s message in full, and when people claim he said this, that, or the other, just re fer to your paper atfd see what he did say. This paper is a part of our coun try and should be preserved by every thinking man. OFFICIAL ORGAN. i COMMISSIONER NESBITT S TALK. Regular Monthly Letter to the Farmers of Georgia. PRESENT FINANCIAL DEPRESSION. Efforts to ltemedy Them by Conventions and Resolutions—Cotton .Manufacturing in the South—lts Influence on Our Ag riculture—Others Itnap Profits Which We Should Have. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Dec. 1, 1801. The expected rise iu cotton has not materialized, and this closing month of 1801 finds farmers despondent and dis contented. This depression rules, not only in Georgia, but throughout the country agricultural conditions seem unsettled, and northern and western, as well as southern farmers, review the year just passed with feelings of dis satisfaction and uncertainty—dissatis faction because of the low price of all agricultural products, and uncertainty as to the causes of this depression, and as to the best remedies for its relief—l have, during the last month, attended three meetings of fanners, one in Ma con, one in Atlanta and one in Mont gomery, tli9 last a representative body of men from all parts of the south, called together bj T Agricultural Com missioner Lane, of Alabama, to discuss, in convention assembled, the low price of cotton, its causes, and, if possible, find a present means of pushing up the price. I attended these meetings because of my appointment as a delegate by the governor of Georgia to one, and of special invitations to the others, but more, particularly, because being placed by the farmers of this state in position to watch over their interests, I felt that these momentous questions should be studied from every standpoint, and not because I believed that the price of cot ton could be favorably influenced by any set of resolutions, or by any con vention of men, however earnest. The result of the deliberations in these con ventions has but confirmed my oft ex pressed and firmly grounded conviction that while resolu cions and conventions may accomplish good in more effectu ally fixing public attention upon the mistaken system which has helped to Slace us in our present straitened con ition, the means of lifting ourselves from ouV agricultural depression is in the of the farmers themselves, and "uch man must be the primary movefe on his own farm in promoting the industrial revival which is already starting into life. To be convinced that this revival is beginning one needs only to feel the agricultural pulse, to talk with farmers from all sections, to hear their openly expressed resolve to plant largely of provision crops and not to abandon cotton, but govern it in such a way as will make it serve their best interests; and then to look at the successful cotton factories already here and those projected and now being built. We scarcely yet realize the important relation which those factories bear to the prosperity of the south. Asa northern man has wd' 1 “Yon have the streams with the po % -the fields with the staple.” These a lvantages have heretofore been only partially appre ciated. We have enjoyed the prestige which our large and, until late years, exclusive cotton crop gave us, but while we toiled for this distinction, others have stepped in and reaped the profit which by right belongs to us, and which we have lost, first, from want of means, and second, from want of appreciation of our oppor tunity. Millions of dollars have been spent to transport the factories; millions more have gone in various taxes, all of which should have been kept at home, here among our own people. But at last, the whole country, and not the south alone, is waking up to the exigencies of the situation. Northern manufacturing cap ital is seeking an investment on south ern soil, the capacity of southern mills already in successful operation, is al most without exception being increased, in some instances has been doubled, and men of all classes are looking forward hopefully to the day when the manu facturing south, as well as the agricult ural south, profiting by advantages so lavishly bestowed, will once more take her place at the head of industrial na tions. In view of these favorable conditions it would not be advisable to practically abandon the cultivation of cotton, as some have advocated, A decrease be ing demanded, how better can it be accomplished than by diversity of orops, itself implying a ne cessary reduction of tht area usually de voted to cotton, and such thoroughness of rotation, manuring, preparation and cultivation as will secure the largest yield at the lowest cost? In an address issued by the cotton growers of Louisiana to the factors, merchants, bankers, plant ers AND FAP.MERS, ocours the following, which clearly seta forth the demands of the present situa tion: Cotton must remain our chief money crop. It must either be raised cheaper or higher prices must be obtained in or der to produoe a profit to the grower. Both can be obtained if the co-opera tion of the factors, bankers, merchants, Slanters and farmers can bo secured iu ie effort. The old policy of having our smokhouses and corn cribs in the west was always a bad one, but it is now ruinons on account of the high prices prevailing, but particularly in meat, which, since the removal of the embargo on American pork in European markets, has commanded almost pro hibitive prices, and that too in the race of a large number of hogs slaughtered. It may be positelvy stated that hog meat will not fall in prices for many ‘ars, on account of the increasing de pid, and that cotton will rarely reach higher figures than at present prevails, with thaaa facts before us. it behooves (Continued on Eighth page.) NO 5o