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Characteristics of Exotic
Beef Breeds: Charolais
Importations of both male and
female cattle into Canada from
European countries in recent
years have received considerable
attention by some cattle interests
in the United States. Semen col
lected from some of these import
ed bulls in Canada is now being
merchandised in the United
States.
Most of the imports to date
have come from France and Swit
zerland. This article is the first of
a series to acquaint you with the
exotic beef breed from which
semen can be purchased in the
U. S. The breeds to be disctissed
are: Charolais, Limousin, Maine-
Anjou, Brown Swiss, Simmental,
South Devon, Hays Converter,
Murray Grey.
Charolai*
The Charolais breed was gain
ing in popularity in the United
States prior to the importation
of French Charolais bulls into
Canada. This is probably why
the initial importation through
the Canadian quarantine facilities
was composed primarily of Char
olais.
The first Charolais introduced
to the United States came
through Mexico (Briggs, 1969).
There are records which indicate
that eight bulls and 29 females
were introduced into Mexico from
France between 1930 and 1937.
All of these traced to the French
Charolais herd book. Progeny
from this importation were in
troduced into the United States.
With an outbreak of hoof and
mouth disease in Mexico in the
early 1940’s all further legal im
ports were stopped. Therefore,
the increase in Charolais numbers
in the United States occurred
from a grading up process by con
tinuous top crossing.
The ancestral form of the
Charolais breed in France is not
certain. It is believed to have
much in common with the Sim
mental of Switzerland and Ger
many. However, there has been
a limited amount of crossing with
the white beef Shorthorn. Selec
tion for a long time was for three
purposes: meat, draft and milk.
Hecent emphasis has been pri
marily for meat production.
The Charolais breed is gnining
rapidly in popularity in France.
Part of the increase may be due
to the increased interest for ex
port purposes. Approximately
nine percent of the total popula
tion of France are Charolais.
Charolais are large, heavy ani
mals though they are not the
largest French breed. Their hair
color is white and the skin is not
pigmented.
It appears that Charolais are
ns heavy at birth as Maine-Ajou,
but intermediate between the
Limousin and Maine-A nj o u
in growth rate and mature size.
The low number of calves
raised during a cow’s lifetime
causes some question. Is this due
to normal slaughter practices or
could there be a fertility or lon
gevity problem? Oliver and Cart
wright (19G8) in their literature
review of double muscling indi-
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f cate that it is well known that the
double muscling characteristic is
present in French Charolais cat
| tie today. They suggest that the
! introduction of Shorthorn blood
; into the Charolais is one possible
source of genes for double mus
[ cling. They have observed that
l the vulva of a double muscled fe-
I male tends to be smaller than
normal, appears to be higher on
rump and follows a rather acute
angle from the ground. They indi
cate that the reduced size of the
vulva is often associated with an
infantile reproduction tract and
that the extreme angle may make
it difficult for a bull to success
fully service a female with this
trait. The twinning frequency for
Charolais in France is 2.8 per
cent.
Evaluation of the Charolais in
Argentina suggest a growth rate
comparable to the Simmental and
superior to Angus. Calving diffi
culty appeared greater for Charo
lais-sired calves than for Sim
mental-sired calves.
Evaluation of Charolais in the
United States indicate that they
grow more rapidly than do the
British breeds and have leaner
carcasses. However, because of
the lack of marbling they do not
grade as well. The cows are larg
er and probably require more
feed for maintenance. Initial
work also indicates a concern for
better evaluation of their fertility
potentials.
In regard to cow efficiency,
Joandet 1968, reports that in
spite of the heavier weaning
weight of Charolais calves, the
production of pounds of calf
weaned per acre is smaller with
Charolais than with Angus. This
was only a preliminary trial and
additional work is needed to veri
fy this conclusion.
If Charolais are superior in
growth rate and cutability but
lacking in cow efficiency and
longevity, then it would appear
that they could be used as a sire
breed to cross on smaller more
efficient cows with better fer
tility and longevity. However, be
cause of possible calving diffi
culties, Charolais bulls should not
be used on first-calf heifers.
PERSONAL
Friends of Mrs. Raymond
Smith will be pleased to see her
out after several weeks illness
with part of the time spent in
Jasper Memorial Hospital.
Mrs. W. C. Dailey and Miss
Mary Downs were guests at the
Sheraton-Filtmoro Hotel in At
lanta where they attended the
state DAR Convention.
Mr. and Mrs. Jackie L. Cook
and family spent Sunday at his
toric Stone Mountain.
Mr. and Mrs. J. W. O’Neal Jr.
and children of Macon spent the
weekend with Mr. and Mrs. J. W.
O’Neal Sr.
Mrs. Franklin Maddox returned
home from Emory Univei-sity
Hospital on Monday. Her many
friends will be glad to know that
her condition is greatly improved.
THE JACKSON PROGRESS-ARGUS, JACKSON, GEORGIA
On The Farm
Production
Front
BY CARL BRACK
lliittn County Agent
There are
many 4-H ac
tivities coming
up in the next
few weeks.
One of these is
County Achi
evement which
will be held on
March 27, 1970. The winners of
community achievement will par
ticipate.
It is also time to sign up for
4-H Camp which will be Camp
Chatham, June 8-12. The cost of
going to camp is $22.00. You
may sign up at the Extension Of
fice.
Cattle Lice
If your beef cattle are rubbing
on fences, posts, wire or any
other object, I would suspect lice.
This is the time of year when
lice reach their highest numbers.
Large amounts of blood can be
removed by these blood-sucking
pests. Some animals die each year
from lice infestations.
Insecticides can be applied to
beef cattle as sprays, dusts, pour
ons and drips for lice control.
If sprays and dusts are used, good
coverage is a must.
Cioarin, Co-Ral, Delnav, Kor
lan, lindane, malathion, meth
oxychlor, Neguvon, Ruelene,
Sevin, and toxaphene can be ap
plied as sprays. These do an ex
cellent job.
Insecticide dusts for cattle lice
control include Ciodrin, lindane,
malathion, methoxychlor and tox
aphene.
Ruelene and Warbex are rec
ommended pour-on treatments
for lice.
If this is a problem with your
cattle, we suggest that you come
by or call for a copy of our Ex
tension Entomology Circular 598,
“External Parasites and Cattle
Grubs on Beef Cattle.”
Use of Herbicides on Vegetables
A number of herbicides are
now available for use on various
vegetable crops that will do an
adequate job of controlling weeds
and grasses. Growers who wish
to take advantage of these new
tools should begin making their
plans now. No one herbicide can
be used on all vegetables; there
fore, it is essential to determine
what herbicide may be used on
each particular crop. Special care
should be taken to insure that
only those chemicals and only
the quality recommended are
used on a given crop. You may
pick up Extension Circular 544
at this office.
Recommendations on the use
of these chemicals are revised
each year and are available in
Extension Circular 544 in my of
fice. All vtgetable growers should
obtain a copy of this circular and
study it carefully before using
herbicides on any vegetable crop.
Also, instructions on containers
should be carefully followed at
all times to insure proper use of
these materials.
Organic Gardening
From time to time I receive
inquiries from homeowners con
cerning information on organic
gardening. Most ornamental hor
ticulturists agree that the use of
organic materials such as peat
moss, leaf mold and stable ma
nures can be very desirable prac
tice in the culture of flowers and
shrubs. The chief benefit from
organic matter results from the
use of those materials as soil
amends prior to planting. They
result in changes in soil struc
tures that can be very beneficial
to the root system of the plants.
Organic gardeners, on the other
hand, place great emphasis on
the use of organic materials to
supply nutrients to established
plants. Many years of research
at agricultural experiment sta
tions have shown that good re
! suits can be obtained from the use
j of chemical fertilizers for flow
| ers, shrubs and lawn grasses.
Since chemical fertilizers are sat
isfactory and usually much cheap
er, they are being used exten-
Butts County
In 1970—A
Census Preview
(Special to the Progress-Argus)
NEW YORK, Mar. 14—What
will the upcoming census reveal
regarding the social and economic
changes that have taken place in
Butts County in the last 10
years?
What shifts have occurred in
family size, median age, educa
-1 tional level, living conditions and
per capita income?
The Government will be seek
ing the answers to these and
other questions in the 19th De
cennial Census, beginning April
Ist.
This national stock-taking is
considered imperative for proper
planning by all levels of govern
ment and by business. The find
ings will serve as a guide for
needed changes and future de
velopment.
No radical surprises are expec
ted to be uncovered by the cen
sus. Local, state and federal
agencies, as well as private or
ganizations, have kept abreast of
most changes through various sur
veys and studies made in the 10-
year period.
Butts County’s figures will
show, for one thing, a shift in
the population structure, accord
ing to unofficial estimates. About
11.4 percent of the population
will be found in the over-65
bracket, compared with 10.5 per
cent in 1960.
Also, because of the big in
crease in the proportion of young
people, the median age of the
local population will be about
1.9 years lower than in 1960,
when it was 26.0.
The “natural increase” in the
Butts County population, which
is the excess of births over deaths,
will come to approximately 6.3
percent, based upon preliminary
figures.
A definite jump will be re
corded, also, in educational at
tainment, meaning years of
sively by both commercial pro
ducers and home gardeners in
Georgia for the production of
ornamentals.
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More GBI Agents
Needed To Cope
With Drug Abuse
ATLANTA, (GPS) With
drug and narcotic laws being vio
lated in Georgia and throughout
the nation increasing at an in
credible pace, the Georgia Bu
reau of Investigation is in need
of more agents to be assigned to
its special narcotics squad.
This was emphasized in the
GBl’s annual report released by
Col. R. H. Burson, director of
the Georgia Department of Public
Safety. The 1969 annual report,
filed by Maj. Barney G. Rags
dale, GBI director, had this to say
on that phase of the bureau’s
operation:
“Investigations of drug and
narcotic violations jumped from
78 in 1968 to 315 in 1969. These
were investigations conducted by
agents throughout the state and
also by personnel of the narcotics
squad. This squad is presently
manned with two agents. There
is an obvious need to increase
the strength of this squad to 10
agents.”
In addition to the drug-nar
cotic investigations, there was a
marked increase in investigations
involving offenses of rape, bur
glary and motor vehicle larceny.
For example, the state auto lar
ceny squad’s activity increased
by 30 per cent in 1969 over the
schooling acquired by people who
have reached age 25 or over. It
will average 1.4 years more than
in 1960, when the median was 8.0.
The census will show that the
incomes of local residents ad
vanced considerably in the dec
ade, although buying power did
not improve proportionately, due
to inflation.
The latest figures indicate an
average per capita income of
$1,690 in the local area, after
taxes, compared with $1,009 per
capita in 1960.
Most families will have to fill
out only 23 questions on the
forms they will receive and mail
them back. From one family in
four, more information will be
sought.
Carrier^
Antique Sale
In Macon
April 15-17
The 1970 Heart of Georgia
Antique Show and Sale sponsored
ty the Sidney Lanier Chapter,
Daughters of the Confederacy, is
scheduled for April 15th, 16th
and 17th, at the Central City
Park, in the long building, num
ber 2, Macon.
Proceeds from the show will be
used for the preservation and
maintenance of the old Cannon
Ball House and Museum at 856
Mulberry Street, the chapter’s
home and museum.
PERSONAL
Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Wat
kins Jr. and daughters, Missess
Ann, Virginia and Rachael Wat
kins, spent Sunday in Jefferson
where they visited Mrs. A. O.
Hood, mother of Mrs. Watkins.
Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Ball return
ed the first of last we.ek from
a visit to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
previous year.
Also, the bureau’s intelligence
squad conducted 29 subversive
activity investigations, 27 inves
tigations into national organized
crime, 98 investigations of local
crime activities and seven mis
cellaneous investigations.
However, the report pointed
out, “much of the work of this
squad is not reflected in the
number of cases worked by the
bureau because this squad is con
stantly gathering, indexing and
disseminating information on
known professional criminals.”
Overall, cases investigated by
the GBI during 1969 totaled
8,299 compared with 7,447 in
1968, an increase of 852, or 11
per cent. Total arrests were
placed at 5,601, an increase of
1,248 over the previous year.
The State Crime Laboratory
worked 13,906 cases in 1969
compared with 11,545 in 1968,
an increase of 2,361. This in
cluded 1,307 in the Savannah
lab.
I \ I ■■■ New electric co-op lines are
being built to serve still un
served areas . , . lines are be
l|Pl|l||pli! I I ing “heavied up” to take care
E9US W incr easmg use of low-cost
'v'. ; IVj electric power by co-op Mem
mwp; < m | As new lines cross the land,
Nl they attract new homes, new
■I , ' farms, new industry . . . foster
“ \s'_ ; i economic growth. What was
' ' P ? 1 once idle land now is a site for
. { p~i Si| new activity. This makes prog
-4 ® ress ar *d economic growth .. -
v ;! - All rura i electric co-op mem
hers aren’t farmers . . . many
Eigß work in the cities and towns
: W . . . operate rural businesses
Fr, . . . But they can all "live mod
lil I ern ” because electric co-ops
1 Jl. IH. J brought low - cost electricity
into the dark areas when no
one esle would undertake the
I job .. . Look around .. . you II
epimbmm see that the electric co-op is a
vital part of our community's
tMtC.
COMMUNITY OWNED • COMMUNITY BUM
• COMMUNITY BUILD EY
THURSDAY, MARCH 19, i 970
Seven Museums
At State Parks
Depict History
ATLANTA, (GPS) To the
thousands of families that take
time to stroll through museums
while visiting the seven state
parks in which they are located
the museums are found to be not
only most entertaining but highly
educational to young and old
alike, in the opinion of State
Parks Director John L. Gordon
The contents of the seven state
park museums tell a variety of
interesting stories, each story ap
propriate to the particular park
and museum in which it is so vi
vidly illustrated, Gordon said.
For example, at Stephen C.
Foster State Park near Fargo
it’s the story of life and the
struggle for existence in one of
the world’s most famous wilder
nesses—the Okefenokee Swamp.
At Blackburn State Park, at
the opposite end of the state not
far from Dahlonega, it is the ex
citing story of America’s first
major gold discovery—a dis
covery made more than 140 years
ago in the surrounding hills.
In a state as rich in history
as Georgia, the State Parks De
partment had little difficulty in
building the majority of its mu
seums around historical themes,
Gordon pointed out.
Five of these park museums
bring these themes to life through
a wealth of artifacts and his
torical exhibits which encompass
everything from Indian lore to
stories of the world’s three great
est conflicts.
These museums are located at
Indian Springs near Jackson;
Kolomoki Mounds near Blakely;
Alexander H. Stevens Memorial
Park near Crawfordville; Elijah
Clark Memorial Park near Lin
colnton, and Georgia Veterans
Memorial Park near Cordele.
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