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Agricultural Extension • Work Tremendous Factor In Georgia Forty Thousand People Are Cooperating J. PHIL CAMPBELI , Director Exten sion Service, Ga. St. Col. Of Agr. According to statistics, Georgia leads all states in the Union in many important phases of agricultural ex tension work. Georgia has the largest enrollment in Boys’ Corn Clubs, the largest number of farmers, farmers’ wives, farm boys and girls organized into agricultural work . :.d the best pig club results of any state. The extension write of the Georgia State College of Agriculture was in augurated in 1908, and lias grown until there are now 15 field specialists, 84 district and county farm agents and 49 agents in home economics. These and other agricultural workers at the College of Agriculture comprise a force of 200 people working as a unit to carry out a definite program of agri cultural improvement in Georgia. The annual report of the Director of Extension Service of the College of Agriculture has just been completed, which reveals many interesting figures as to the work done by this force dur ing the year ending June JO, 1916. The extension workers ur< the bear ers of usable information taken from the ' storehouse of agricultural knowl edge represented by the College of Ag riculture. No more popular move ment has been fostered by legislation in recent years than this of carrying out information to the farmers. A schedule of appropriations proposed by the Smith-Lever bill makes possible sums of money with which the colos sal enterprise may be undertaken. That Georgia is getting its money's worth in service rendered and wealth ,and happiness created, can be judged from the results which the reports show. 40,000 People Co-Operating The annual report of extension work shows that 41,000 ruml people of Geor gia were enrolled and had done defi nite work in advanced lines of agri culture during the year. Of this num ber farmers and farmers’ wives who are enlisted as demonstrators in home eco nomic work constitute 21,000, the re maindei bc.ng members of boys’ and girls’ clubs. County Agents In Farm Demonstration Work The county agents in farm demon stration work have shown that farm ,ers who have followed methods which they have recommended have more than doubled the yield of corn over the average of the state. The same is true of oats, while large increases are revealed with cotton, wheat, etc. These agents have started alfalfa fields all over the state. They have introduced clovers, vetch, cowpeas, velvet beans, soy beans and other soil building crops where they had never been grojvn before. Purebred live stock has been brought in, more than 50)000 hogs have been inoculated for cholera by these agents during the year, 222 silos have been constructed by them, waterworks, light plants have been installed and a vast amount of other helpful service rendered which is mote fully shown in the summaries given further on. Home Economic Agents Work Georgia now has two supervising and 4C county agents in home econom ics, The Home Economic Agents have charge of Girls’ Canning Clubs, home demonstration work in home economics and poultry club work. Ac cording to their reports these agents were instrumental in enrolling 3,838 girls in canning club:>, of which num ber 1,100 completed their reports, which show that tiny canned 1,268,- 468 pounds of tomatoes which they grew on their one tenth-acre tracts, a product worth $29,555.49. The club members also put up 0,850 jars of blackberry jam, 7,300 jars of fig pre serves, 16,989 bottles of catsup and fruit juice. The work done in poul try clubs is revealed in reports of the clubs. In home demonstration work these women agents had built and introduc ed many labor saving devices and con veniences. Special effort was made during the year to introduce one or two conveniences and these were tire less cookers and iceless refrigerators. About 500 fireless cookers were made and about 175 iceless refrigerators. Over 500 home-made fly traps were made, 76 home-made water works were installed. In all 828 women en rolled as demonstrators in home eco nomics. The county agents visited 8.419 homes, held 3,082 meetings that wi re attended by 85,077 people. They distributed 14,938 bulletins and 13,164 letters were sent out. 20,000 Boys In Clubs Nearly 20,000 Georgia boys belong to agricultural clubs in Georgia, in cluding the Boys’ Corn Clubs, the Boys’ Pig Clubs, the Boys' Four Crop Clubs and similar organizations. Georgia’s average yield of com per acre has increased nearly five bush els to the acre since the Boys’ Corn Clubs were organized in Georgia and to these clubs the increase is largely attributed. The greatest yield ever made in Georgia was that of Ben in Walker county, 1911. His record is 214 bushels to the acre. The corn club boys who made re ports during the year ending June 30, 1916, made an average of 45 bushels to the acre at a cost of 42 cents per bushel as against the general ave-age ,yield i- i the ....c ol lo Li*...,cis. &eata Other Stales tn Pig Club Results According to reports of all pig clubs In the United States, Georgia leads in largest net profit per pig and low est cost of producing gain, excelling such corn stales as Indiana, Nebras ka and Kentucky. Georgia club boys have purebred pigs for one thing. The imrebreds and low cost of feed netted an average of $20.77 profit per pig at a cost of 2.9 cents per pound of gain. Moving Pictures Used A novelty in extension work among farmers in Georgia and in the United States is the movies. A complete liower outfit of engine, dynamo and moving picture apparatus is carried j out to school houses in the country on an unto truck. The very best of j results as to pictures are obtained, j Vast crowds swarm to see the agri cultural pictures, many to see movies for the first time. Field Specialists Visit Farmers No more important work is done than that which is conducted by spe cialists who go out from the College of Agriculture and come in touch with the farmers and help them solve their p; oh; ins. Through these specialists demonstration work is done in beef production such as right feeding, con struction of silos, planting feed crops, introduction of purebred animals for breeding stock, the organization of livestock clubs and holding of live stock meetings. Cream Routes Established Cream routes have been establish ed during the past year for collecting and marketing surplus cream of farm ers. The cream is shipped to tile Col lege creamery and there made into butter. Purebred dairy sires have been in troduced, advice has been given as to feeding, silos have been buili and home-making of butter and the care of milk has been emphasized. Two specialists in dairying are constantly at work among the farmers. Extensive Publication Work Done Besides bulletins, circulars and pos ters, the Editor of the College pro vides 150 weekly papers of the state, a column of free plate each week for a greater part of the year. This plate carries important agricultural infor mation and reaches a large part of the farmers of the state. A news and information service with daily papers is also carried on. A circula tion of 500,000 a week is obtained for items in newspapers. Aid In Horticulture Extension work is done with orch ards in planting, pruning, spraying, packing and marketing; in trucking and home garden work; with canning clubs and with civic clubs in land scape gardening. Two specialists are constantly in the field. Aid In Building And Drainage The Department of Agricultural En gineering of the College of Agricul ture is under heavy demand from farmers of the state for plans for all sorts of farm buildings, for silos, water works, septic tanks, lighting plants, dipping vats, cold storage plants, hy draulic rams, grain elevators, smoke houses, etc. One specialist is con stantly in the field aiding farmers in this line of work. County Agents Work With Crops 34,634 acres corn, 30 bushels per; acre; 9,500 acres of cotton, 1,316 pounds of seed cotton per acre; 500 acres in tobacco, 257 pounds per acre; 6,512 acres in wheat, 16 bushels per acre; 7,683 acres in oats, 34 bushels! per acre; 1,061 acres of alfalfa, 4.8 j tons per acre; 585 acres sown to crim-1 son clover, bur clover and vetch; i 7,341 acres in cowpeas; 3,994 acres to velvet beans; 871 acres in soy beans; j 3,381 acres in peanuts; 1,929 acres to j potatoes; 20,344 orchard trees cared for. Purebred Livestock Introduced By Agents. —Brood mares 240, stallions 52, jacks 242, beef cattle 489, hogs 1,- 550, sheep 412. Treatment of Livestock Diseases and Pests. —Treated for blackleg 3,- 240, tuberculine tests 4,692, cattle treated for ticks 48,900, for lice 11,- 745, hogs treated for cholera 53,500, for lice 30,112, for worms 16,032; horses treated for distemper S 4, for digestive ailments 200, for accidents 200. Treatment Plant Diseases And In sects.—For smut and rust of wheat 6,376 bushels; oats 10.36 S bushels; for insects effecting tobacco 166 acres; oats 312 acres; potatoes 183 acres; orchards 424. Inoculation of Legumes.—For alfal fa 1,061 acres; for crimson clover, bur clover and vetch 7,145 acres; lespe deza 41 acres; cowpeas 785 acres; vel vet beans 757 acres. Feeding Demonstration. —Dairy cat tle 3,902, beef catle 1,250, swine 38,- 605. Silos. —Silos built by demonstration farmers 222. Lime.—s,ls6 acres were treated with 7,584 tons of lime. Fertilizer. —Farmers advised regard ing use of fertilizer 11,800; demonstra tions with fertilizers 600; tons of home-made manure used under agents’ advice 60,000. Farmers’ Organizations.—Number of farmers’ clubs formed 108, member ship 2,092. Improvements on Farms. —Building plans furnished 320, improvements on buildings 1,696, water works installed 152, lighting plants installed 191. homes screened 928, fly traps installed 1,254, telephone systems put in 24, drainage laid out 2SO farms, acreage drained 9,630, stumps removed from '17,905 acres; acres terraced 31,600; home gardens started 5,720; farmers induced to rotate crops 1.264. Visitations. —Total visits made by county agents to co-operating farmers ■18,440; to other farmers and business men 30,120; miles traveled 233,719; calls made upon agents at their offices 47,1 SS. THE DOUGI.AS ENTERPRISE. DOUGLAS, GEORGIA, DEC. 2 1916. Plant a Patch Of * 1 Alfalfa This Fall Should Be Preceded By Cowpeas And Lime ANDREW M. SOULE, President Geor. gia State College Of Agriculture One desiring to sow aifalfa in fall should undertake to prepare the land ias soon as possible. We prefer the cowpeas as an improvement crop to ; use on land intended for alfalfa be | cause it will mature in sufficient time I to be turned under to good advantage. Tliis should be done when the peas are in good condition to make into hay. It would be ' good practice to put at least two tons of crushed raw rock on the land before sowing the legumes. If this has not been done it is suggested that as soon as the cowpeas are turned under that at least two tons of lime be applied and har rowed well into the soil. The land should he worked as a fallow from the time the peas are turned under until September 15 or October 1. If there is a good season in the soil at that time, sow the aifalfa, using about twenty pounds of recleaned western grown seed per acre, and inoculate it very carefully. Sow on a cloudy day, as strong sunlight will often kill the bacteria of the inoculating material. We would fertilize the land with two sacks of cotton seed meal and 400 to 600 pounds of acid phosphate. These ingredients should be mixed together and pat on the soil before the seed ing is done. Harrow the fertilizer into the soil. Some potash could be used with excellent advantage under alfal fa, but it is now r impossible to secure it by reason of the European war. Therefore, one must take the best of the existing situation and use such fertilizing material as is available. The alfalfa should not be grazed or cut during the fall. Peach Tree Borer- Fall Time To Fight It J. W. FIROR, Field Agt. Horticulture, Georgia State College Of Agri. The peach tree borer lives most of its life as a worm embedded beneath the bark of the tree, usually just be low the surface of the soil. Here it starts as a very small worm, eating I away tile l.t i ii. • \g tu. a er and larger until it undergoes a change into a pupa and then a moth, which lays eggs for more worms to carry on their destructive work on the peach trees. The moths lay the eggs on the trunk and branches of the trees during the summer, —most of the eggs being laid during July, August and September. The eggs hatch in from 10 to 15 days and en ter the tree. By frost all the eggs have hatched that will hatch. At frost time the worms are small, and all that w’ill enter until another sum mer, have bored into the trees. This is the best time to fight them. Draw the soil away from the trunk of the tree to a depth of four inches or until the roots are exposed. Search for the entering holes. With a sharp knife follow these holes until the worms are found, and then kill them. The borer holes can be found by ob serving the presence of a thick sap— gummylike in appearance. This sap has come from the tree because of the borer’s injury. There may be a num ber of bordrs in a single tree. The worker should get them all before leaving the tree. A small white worm is often found in the sap. This is not the peach tree borer and it does no damage to the tree, but lives on the sap. Peach tree borers do a great deal of damage and many people have lost heart in the growing of fruits because of them. The (luestion may be asked, “Why let such a little, thing as a peach tree borer get the best of one?” Don’t Pull Fodder PAUL TABOR, Field Agent Agronomy, Georgia State College Of Agr. Pulling fodder is like pulling grass for hay. A good feed is secured but at a tremendous cost of labor. Also the yield of grain is decreased by the removal of the leaves before thqy have finished their task of filling the ears. The increased yield of grain where the leaves are allowed to mature is usually more than enough to pay for the fodder. Hundreds of Georgia farmers have learned this and are now substituting cow’pea hay for the costly fodder and many more will do so if they will give it a fair trial this year. Comparisons can be made by stripping some row’s of their leaves and leaving others alone, and at har vest time noting the condition of the grains on the ears. Seed planted from fodder stripped plants show up poorly so that the loss is not confined to one season. Get Machinery Under Cover L. C. HART, Professor of Agr. Engi neering, Ga. State Col. Of Agr. Do not leave farm machinery out in the field where it has been used, but take it at once into the barn or machine shed. Clean up the im plement, oil the bright surfaces, clean out the oil holes and then plug them with wood or cotton waste to Keep out the dust. It pays to take good care of farm machinery. Farm ma chinery pays best when treated best. A GEORGIA FARM THAT WON SUCCESS BY DIVERSIFYING ANDREW M. SOULE, President, Ga. State College Of Agriculture. Given a typical Piedmont farm, with its characteristic red clay soil, operating primarily as a cotton plan tation, what can be done with it? In other words, can this farm be chang ed over to a diversified proposition with profit and success? Many a land owner is confronted by just such a situation, and hence the topic is of general interest. That an under taking of this character can be suc cessfully accomplished has been clear ly demonstrated at the College farm at Athens. It has been the policy to reclaim a new area of land each year. Unsatisfactory crops are raised on much of this land the first year or two after an attempt to reclaim it because of its eroded condition and its bad physical state. An increase in the herds of live stock, thereby en abling larger amounts of yard manure to be made available each year and its return to the soil, has resulted in improving the land and increasing its crop-yielding powers. Three hundred and fifty acres of land are now under the plow. The farm had been abused for years. It was without satisfactory buildings or a suitable equipment of implements or live stock. It was determined at once to organize it on the basis of a stock farm, but without overlooking or neglecting the possibilities of cultivat ing cotton and the varied crops adapt ed to the soil and climatic conditions of the Piedmont area. Of necessity the equipment could only be slowly pur chased and assembled. The first un dertaking was to organize a small dairy herd and offer milk for sale. The re ceipts from the herd the first year amounted to $1,124,44, and the sales of live stock to $72.29. The value of the cotton and the cotton seed was $469.72, making a total turnover of the farm $1,799.37. This happened in the college year 1907-190 S. Nine years la ter the sales from the dairy herd amounted to $6,700.41, showing a steady and uniform increase through out the period in question. The sales of live stock increased from $72.29 to $3,056.02, showing an even greater in crease. The sales from cotton and cotton seed have varied somewhat ac cording to the season and the price of the staple. The first year the crop brought $469.62, and in other years it has sold for as much as $1,831.83. The total receipts have varied from The Range Eternal EVERLASTINGLY GOOD “Yes, there is a life time of perfect kitchen service in the Range Eternal. It is a delight in our home—and the large warming closet is such a convenience,” so say the women who have wisely chosen the Range Eternal. The Range Eternal is marketed by men who have devoted their lives to mak ing it the best range —the most complete range—the most convenient, delightful range any woman could want. There’s two generations of experience in every Range Eternal. Thirty-two points of Eternal Excellence offer you kitchen service that is one continual delight. Every move you make in cooking or bak ing or tending the range is made easier and more pleasant by one of these points. This range can also be furnished with leg base. Flues Lined With Eternametal an exclusive—wear-proof, rust-proof, corrosion-proof—metal —the strongest ever used in any range. Makes the Range \ Eternal wear longer—serve longer—serve better. Come in and see the Range Eternal. Let us explain all of its 32 vita] points, before you decide upon any range. Douglas Hardware Go. \ Phone 128 $1,799.37 the first year to $11,002.69 in 1915-1916. The total receipts from the dairy herd in nine years have amounted to $43,768.21, from the sales of live stock to $13,377.95, and from the sales of cotton and cotton seed $lO,- 819.68, making a total of $69,572.99 for the nine-year period. No profit was made from the farm for the first three years because of the lack of equipment and the impover ished condition of the soil, but since 1910-1911 the receipts from the farm show a net return of nearly $18,000.00 over the actual outlay. This must be regarded as a satisfactory demonstra tion of the possibilities of building up worn-out plantation lands through the institution of a diversified farm prac tice in which live stock husbandry is strongly emphasized. Remember, that it was necessary to start in and re claim practically all the land now un der the plow, a considerable part of which had been thrown out for a number of years and it was, therefore, badly washed and eroded. A great variety of crops have been raised successfully. Cereals are grown each year and a crop of 2,000 to 3,000 bushels of oats obtained. Corn is rais ed in considerable quantity, the stover being used for roughage. Cotvpeas and sorghum, oats and vetch, oats, rye and crimson clover, Sudan grass and other forage crops have been grown on considerable areas and cut and cured as hay. Kaffir corn and sorghum have been grown together and used primarily for the produc tion of silage, several hundred tons of which is made each year. Cow peas have been used as soil builders and turned under whenever practice ble. A considerable area of land has been devoted to alfalfa which has been cut from four to five times a year. A rotation of crops has been estab lished. Oats have been planted after cotton and corn and followed, as a rule, by cowpeas sown alone or in combination with some forage crop to be made into hay or turned under for soil improvement. Cotton and corn have been grown after cowpeas. A three-year rotation, including the four crops, has been the object kept, in view. It is conservatively stated that the lands now under cultivation are worth S2O an acre more for agricultu ral purposes than when the work of improvement was first undertaken. Help Nature Do It r , -n Don’t you see how she is working to get rid of your colds and catarrh? The effort con tinues all the time, but in hot weather you catch a fresh cold every day or so, add to the catarrh in your system, and soon it is chronic—systemic. Your digestion suffers, you have trouble with stomach and bowels. Get at the real disease. Clear up catarrh, and the other troubles will disappear. Aid With Peruna com citions. Build up your resistance mand at the same time treat the catarrh. Supply nature with more vigor, give your k°dy a chance to get well, and summer will not, annoy you . The healthy- man defies ythe weather. Peruna has helped make countless thou sands well in the last 44 years. Use It yourself. Tablet form is very fZ&Jy) convenient for regu- C-STCSr lar administration. THE PERUNA CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO Next Saturday, December 2nd, is election day for Justice of the Peace. Uncle Jim Freeman needs your vote. Don't forget him, please. Light yellow shepherd dog with lit tle white in breast. Return to W. D. Demery, Nicholls, Ga. Make our store your headquarters. Wilson Jewelry Co. Next Saturday, December 2nd. is election day for Justice of the Peace. Uncle Jim Freeman needs your vote. Don’t forget him, please. I OR SALE.—Twin IndianMotoreyele. Good Condition. Price SBO. Also Fox Typewriter. Price $25. Ad dress P. O. Box 15, Patterson, Ga. Next Saturday, December 2nd, is election day for Justice of the Peace. I ncle Jim Freeman needs your vote. Don’t forget him, please.