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THE POUGLAS BREEZE.
J. M. FREEMAN & DAUGHTERS, Proprietor*
J. M. FREEMAN, Editor.
AGNES F. FREEMAN, Assistant Editor.
Entered as Second-Class Mail Matter.
SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1899.
Official Organ of County.
gm~ We have no authorized agents, but
every one is asked to forward subscriptions
bnd money to this office, and receipts will
ae returned by mail.
Brunswick Circuit.
Appling Superior Court First arid second
Mondays in March; Third and fourth
Mondays in September.
Camden Superior Court: —Tuesday after
the third Monday in March ; Tuesday af
ter the first Monday in October.
Coffee Superior Court: —Fourth Monday
in March; Second Monday in October.
Charlton Superior Court:—Tuesday after
the first Monday in April; Tuesday after
the fourth Monday in October.
Clinch Superior Court: —Second Monday
in April; Third Monday in October.
Ware Superior Court:—Third and fourth
Mondays in April; First and second
Mondays in November.
Pierce Superior Court —First Monday in
May; third Monday in November.
Wayne Superior Court:—Second Mon
day in May ; Fourth Monday in Novem
ber.
Olynn Superior Court: —Third Monday in
May, and liirst Monday in December; to
continue for such time as the business
may require.
The Georfls Press Convention.
Mr. C. A. Ward, Jr., and his
lady left last Sunday night for
Dublin, where the Georgia Weekly
Press Association convened on
Tuesday following. Mr. Ward is
the representative of the Breeze,
has been before we bought it and
will be as long as we retain pos
session of the paper. He is known
to the publishers of Georgia, is
known at home, and the Breeze is
satisfied no paper has better repre
sentatives than it has on the rolls
of the Association.
Buy your butter, lard, hams, etc.,
from Tim Kirkland. He has a nice,
new refrigerator and keeps every
thing wholesome and clean.
Mr. M. E. Swicord has opened
a stock of general merchandise in
the store in front of the court house.
His goods are forsale and the prices
are in keeping with salable goods.
The Tifton Gazatte appeared
last week, without even the smell
of fire, bright and newsy. We
hope our friend will have no more
such experience, even in the other
world.
Miss Agnes, our associate, is ed
iting the job office down at Way
cross this week, and the pretty
cards, checks, handbills, etc., she
is sending up here, shows artistic
skill, and attractive beauty.
The Breeze returns thanks to
Mr. Wilson, the clever postmaster
at Wilsonville, for a fine Cuban
watermelon, sent us by kindness of
Col. A. S. Hall. May their shad
ows never be ashamed to follow
these two gentlemen.
Ward & Hilliard are agents for
The Prudential Life Insurance Cos.,
one of the very best cotnpanys in
the Union. Insure your life, sub
scribe for the Breeze, hold family
prayer, keep the commandments
and if you don't get to heaven
when you die let us know the
reason.
Fighting Joe Wheeler has been
sent to the Phillipine Islands, and
the Waycross Herald says : “Mc-
Kinley evidently thinks that Joe
Wheeler can whip ten million Fil
lipinos. He might do it in a just
cause, but as matters stand now,
he can’t doit, and we hope he will
meet with signal defeat in every
engagement."
An exchange asks: “Can we
stand a second administration of
President McKinley and Mark
Hanna?”
“Well, we have stood the devil
and his ruinous practice for some
time, perhaps we can worry along
with McKinley for a few days
longer.”—Waycross Herald.
But suppose you had McKinley,
Mark Hanna, the devil and the
mormons, what would you think?
SEND US YOUR NAME
and address, together with the
names and addresses of a number
of your friends who are interested
in any sort of poultry, for a FREE
sample copy of The Georgia
P oui.tr y llkradd, anew, up-to
date and interesting monthly poul
try paper. Send to
The Georgia Poultry Herald,
Blakely, Ga.
—Want to put a tombstone over
the sweet little babe that died In the
fallj We have them from #ls up. No
■'barge for inscription end bible verse.
CHEMISTRY IN
AGRICULTURE
STATE CHEMIST WRITES LET
TER ON ELEMENTS IN PLANT
AND ANIMAL LIKE.
NATURE SHORT ON PROTEIN
Clover and L-gumes Highly Favored
In Absorption of Food From
tlie Atmosphere.
A. B. O.—Dear Sir: In my last letter
I wrote you about the carbohydrates,
the functions which they fill iu the ani
mal economy, and gave you some of
the reasons for their abundance and
cheapness. I aiso indicated some of the
uses of protein and what an important
part of our bodies It was, also that it
was costly material compared with the
carbohydrates and promised to give you
some of the reasons why it was more
costly. Nature can afford to be gener
ous and even lavish with the carbohy
drate*, because she is saving and even
stingy with the water and carbonic
acid which enter into their composition;
not a pound of either does she allow to
go to waste. Apparently, She is very
prodigal with both, but in reality not.
The floodgates of Heaven open and pour
out millions of gallons of water in
places where it is needed, and aiso in
places where it is not needed, but every
drop which is not absorbed and used by
the thirsty earth runs back into the sea
ready to be distilled again and again
from its surface by tbe heat of the sun
and used over again and again, and the
same with carbonic acid gas, as I illus
trated to you in my last letter.
That is the highest sort of economy,
which uses its raw materials over and
over again without their ever wearing
out. Butin the case of protein Mother
Nature is not so generous as with carbo
hydrates. Indeed, She is stingy and nig
gardly, and why.' Because She is waste
ful of her raw material. Nitrogen is the
essential element in the raw material out
of whloh protein is built. Like carbonic
acid, nitrogen is also a gas, colorless
and invisible. It constitutes in round
numbers four-llftbs, or 80 per cent of
the atmosphere. We inhale it in every
breath, but it has no effect upon us
whatever, merely serving to dilute the
oxygen, which supports our life and
whioh constitutes the remaining fifth of
tbe atmosphere. For illustration, let
us suppose we burn up the dead body of
a dog and at the same time a pilo of
wood. In the act of burning, the pro
tein which forms so large a part of the
animal’s body is decomposed and its ni
trogen escapes into the atmosphere, not
to ba taken up and used over again by
growing plants, like the carbonic acid
and water which result from burning
the pile of wood, but to remain as an
inert gas iu the atmosphere, unable to
enter into or be absorbed by the grow
ing crops abont which it circulates. Al
though they may be iu sore need and
distress for the lack of that very nitrogen,
they cannot absorb it and use it while
■till in the gaseous form, although there
are oceans of it around and about and
touching them.
To illustrate again, let ns suppose
the dead body of the dog decays in
tho earth in the neighborhood of
growing crops, the nitrogen of the
body will bo converted by slow process
of decay and by the agency of the pu
trefactive organisms or microbes iuto
ammonia and nitrates. Iu this last
form of nitrate, which is familiar to
you in the white salt, known as salt
peter, the roots of the plant are at last
able to absorb the nitrogen, which con
stituted a part of the animal’s body and
to use and work it over in their little
cells and bodies and thus convert it into
vegetable protein, which is then in a
condition to lie eaten by animals, say
by a sheep, and thus to become a part
of the lean meat of its body, which in
turn being eaten by mau as mutton, be
comes a portion of his body.
But observe the wastefulness of nature
in this case; unless that carcass decay at
the proper time and place m the vicinity
of growing crops or plants there is griev
ous waste. The protein of the body
will decay as usual and be converted by
the nitrifying organisms or microbes I
mentioned above iuto nitrates. Now
these nitrates are very soluble iu water
and unless the roots of the plants are at
hum! to appropriate them they are car
ried off iu the drainage waters iuto the
springs, creeks and rivers and pass iuto
the sea, a total loss so far as Agricult
ure is concerned.
By reflecting on those facts you will
begin to appreciate the value of solu
ble nitrogen, to realize why it is
that a pound of beef costs more than
a pound of bread, aud also to real
ize the great mistake made by Mother
Nature in not creating all plants free
and equal in their ability to absorb
uitrogeu from the atmosphere, just as
they absorb carbonic acid and water.
Iu passing, ami to illustrate the fact
that Nature is not republican or demo
cratic m hor instincts and does not be
lieve iu granting equal rights aud privi
leges to all her children, I will mention
the tact that t k .e general law I have stated 1
above about plants not being able to ap- I
propnate the tree uitrogeu of the air has :
its exceptions, and that a few favored '
children of natme have this special priv
ilege grunted to them. The favorites
who enjoy tuts natural monopoly are
the clovers and legumes. This last
named covers all of the plants of the
pea and bean family. This exception
to the general law is one of immense
importance to Agriculture, and we will
dwell on it later when we come to dis
cuss the subject of fertilizers.
In my next letter I intend i-o give you !
a table giving analyses of the different
more important feeding stuffs and show
ing the percentage of water, protein,
carbohydrates, fat and ash found in
them. All the elements found in the
animal body are also found in the plants
on which the animals feed. For this
reason, I will, at the risk of being a lit
tle tediou-, explain a little more fully
than I have alieady done, some of the |
terms to be used in the table of analyses j
of feeding staffs.
WATER: this is essential to the j
proper distribution of the nourishing i
fluids through the animal system, and |
is usually more than half the live 1
weight of the animal. No matter
how dry a feeding stuff may appear
to be, it always contains a considerable :
quantity of water, say from 10 to 90 per
cent of its weight. Though this water
may render the food more succulent and
palatable, it is of no more value than
the water which the animal drinks. So,
for this reason, and because the varia
tion of the water content is so great,
comparison of the different foods is
usually made on a ‘'dry basis,” that is
the dry matter left after expelling the
water by heat.
I have already described PROTEIN
quite fully, and will say no more about
that.
In addition to what I have already
said about CARBOHYDRATES, I will
add, that the chemist usually divides
them into two groups, one they call “ni
trogen free extract”—which consists of
the starch, sugar and gums in tho plant,
the other group they call cellulose or
fiber. The fiber of wood, of hay and
straw is largely collulose. Cotton fiber
is almost pure cellulose. Though so
different in appearance, both starchand
cellulose are carbohydrates. Coarse
fodders, hay and straw coutaiu much
fiber. The graius, wheat and corn, con
tain only a little fiber, but much "nitro
gen free extract,” or starch and some
sugar. Cellulose is identical with starch
in chemical composition and may be con
verted like starch by suitable treatment
with acids and alkalies iuto dextrin and
then into grape sugar. The glucose
or grape sugar lurgely used in candy
manufacture, is made almost entirely
by chemical treatment of corn starch
with acid. Grape sugar occurs iu small
quantities iu the different feed stuffs,
and during the course of digestion in
the body it is formed in large quan
tity from the starch and other carbohy
drates.
The ASH is what is loft after burn
ing a feed stuff. It consists princi
pally of potash, soda, lime, magnesia
and of carbonic, sulphuric and phos
phoric acids. These constitute the min
eral salts of food stuffs, and during the
process of digestion the animal absorbs
what it needs of them and the rest is
excreted with the manure.
The term FAT in the table of analysis
means the fat or oil which is iu the
food stuff. It is of the same composition
practically as the fat of the body. The
fat of the feeding stuff is either assimi
lated in the body, as body fat, or else
buruod'to furnish heat and energy.
Yours truly,
John M. McOandlkss,
State Oheinist.
Points on Uplaint Rice.
Question. —I want to plant a few
acres iu upland rice. Please give me
some information on the subject.
Answer. —lt is a matter of surprise
that more upland rice is not planted in
Georgia, as it is a healthy food product,
liked by most people, easy to raise and
productive in yield. Any land suitable
for corn or cotton will answer for rice,
though new ground is preferable be
cause of greater ease of cultivation.
Prepare the land well, lay off rows 15
inches apart, use a good, complete com
mercial fert.lizer at the rate of 200 or
800 pounds to the acre in the row
and cover it so as to leave a low,
flat bed. When danger of frost is over,
opeu a shallow furrow and sow the seed
either in a continuous row, or what is
perhaps better, drop 8 or 10 grains every
10 or 12 inches in the row. Cover
lightly, cultivate shallow, only being
sure to cut down all weeds and grass,
as rice is a tender plant when young
ami is easily crowded out by any other
growth.
Harvesting should be done when the
upper half of the head is ripe. The straw
will then still be green, and after cur
ing makes flue forage for horses and cat
tle. Cut and place the “hands” on the
stubble to dry. In 24 hours of good
weather it will be sufficiently cured to
tie in bundles and house or stack.
Never tie in bundles while the straw is
damp. The grain can be separated
from the straw either by flails or thrash
ing machines. The great difficulty
with most farmers is the cleansing of
the hulls from the rice. This can be
done iu a wooden mortar with a wooden j
pestle, but this process is very slow and
laborious. Small rice mills can now be
bought for aoont |3OO, and there should
be one in connection with every large
ginnery in the state. The knowledge
that rice could be cleaned for a moder
ate price would very much encourage
the growth of this valuable grain, and I j
believe such nulls would be profitable, j
GREAT REDUCTION SALE
OP ALL
mmm |||||:#-| PiislS:
SHOES AHO
AT
♦
ALL SUMMER CLOTHING
■
AT GREATLY
R EDUGED PRIGEB !
To make room for the big stock of
that will soon he rolling in
A 810 EOT
CROCKERY and GLASSWARE,
AND
►
Household and Kitchen \
j
All STOCKS Reduced for die NEXT LfiH
Big