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STI " UT r
The Chinese imperial palace is the principal architectural feat'Ke of the
Forbidden City, and Is Itself more forbidden still. To reach it is
necessary to pass three grant walls. First, there is the grq6t sixty-foot thick
wall of the entire city. Within this is the wall tj&g Imperial City, six
miles in circumference. Within this ngnin is tluvwnll of the Purple Forbid
den City, which Is sacred to the Emperor and ’Jig family. The Purple Forbid
den City, or Tzc-Kln-Cheng, is nearly square, its sides facing the four points
of the compass. Two walls running frofn north to south divide the space
into three parts. The central part contains the principal building. To this
division the chief entrance Is the W.ti Mun, or Meridian Gate. Inside this
gate is a large court, and running through it au artificial stream, spanned l, y
live bridges of sculptured marble/ Another gate at the end of the bridges
gives admission to the Palace „f Supreme Pence, or Tai-ho-tien, the princi
pal hall of audience. Here the dignitaries of the empire meet and kow-tow
to His Majesty. To kow tow Is to kneel thrice and knock your forehead on
the ground nine times. To the innermost pnlace no man is admitted. It
is here that the emperor lives, surrounded by his uncounted wives.
The Modern State of
the gait Industry.
Interesting Processes.
S~~y ONBPICUOUB among the ut-
I f ural resources of the State of
Michigan are the forests which
cover a considerable extent of
Its surface and the large deposits of
salt which underlie a great portion of
Its area. In the vicinity of Manistee
where the “salt blocks” which form
the subject of the; present article nre
located, this deposit consists of a stra
tum of rock salt, which Is from twenty
ftoe to thirty feet !u thickness. Halt
blocks are usually built In conneetlon
with sawmill plants, with a view to
making use of the refuse as fuel, and
for this reason the city of Manistee
has of late years liecome such a large
producer of salt that about half of all
this commodity manufactured In the
ftiute is made at that point.
f 1 **<oon as the site of a well has boon
ted, n cellar is excavated and
jLfiked Up and a derrick, usually
jaout eighty feet high, Is erected and
tli work of driving commences. The
TOP VIKW OP A GRAINRR, SHOWING TUB
liuiNE, runway, and agitating
PADDLES.
first operation is to sink a section of
ten-inch pipe, by means of a sand
pump, to a depth of about 400 feet,
from which point the well Is continued
by Inserting an eight-inch pipe within
the ten-inch pipe and driving It down
to the rock formation, the eight-inch
pipe extending from the roek up
through the teu-inch pipe to the sur
face of the ground. From the rock
formation down, the roek Is drilled
without auy pipe easing. except
through such portions as are liable to
cave. Halt well No. 5 at Manistee,
which is described In the present ar
ticle, is fairly typical of the wells in
this vicinity. The ten-inch pipe reaches
COMPRESSED AIR AI’GER FOR LOOSENING COMPACT WALL OF SALT.
to a depth of 400 feet, the eight-inch
pipe to a d?pth of 610 feet, where tlu?
rock formation is eueountered. The
{Hal of rock salt, which is thirty feet
in thickness, reaches to a depth of
108," feet, making a total depth of
2015 feet. The yield pumped from this
well amounts to from 2000 to 2400 bar
rels of brine in twenty-four hours.
SW^)
sHHsftM^:'''v;^■ j)l 'gljwJr..' -'■*'*'• ' i^.^i
'^•;,.* 1 £~ Nr> +*^.;•>'■'_* -• Vfw
SALT PACKERS AT WORK IN THE STORAGE ROOMS.
The accompanying diagrams and
photographs represent the modern
state of the art. As the brine is
pumped from the well. It Is delivered to
the storage cisterns, from which It falls
by gravity to the settlers, aud from the
settlers to the grainers. In the settlers
It is heated to a temperature of about
170 degrees Fahrenheit. Upon lielngal
lowed to cool, the gypsum, which, if it
were uot removed, would form a coat
ing on the steam pipes In the grainers,
is precipitated, and ns soon as precipi
tation Is completed the brine is drawn
to a long box running across the head
etuis of the grainers, nnd from the box
it is fed to the grainers as required. The
latter are long, shallow tanks, near
the bottom of which, and extending
throughout their full length. Is a series
of steam pipes. The brine being ad
mitted to the grainers, the steam is
turned on, the liquor soon acquires a
high temperature, and rapid evapora
tion takes place. To assist the precipi
tation of tlie grains of salt, the surface
of the brine is agitated at frequent In
tervals by means of a series of paddles
which are operated by a lever at the
end of the gratner. The salt accumu
lates at the bottom, until In the course
of twenty-four hours there will be a
layer from six to eight inches deep.
The salt is lifted from the grainer by
means of long-handled, perforated
shovels, aud is deposited on the run
away. As soon as it is thoroughly
drained, it is shoveled into carts, run
out over the storage liln, and dumped.
The plant under consideration con
sists of live wells, three cisterns each
eighteen feet wide by 100 feet long
and eight feet deep, and six settlers
twelve feet wide, 175 feet long, aud
eight feet deep, capable of holding
about 24.000 barrels. When these cis
terns aud settlers are ail full.they hold
enough brine to manufacture over 10,-
000 barrels of salt.
FSrt of the salt manufactured in this
plant Is made by the vacuum-pan pro
cess. In operating the plant the pans
are first filled by gravity, after which
the gravity supply pipe Is closed, and
the valve In the pipe connecting with
the settlers is opened, the brine being
drawn into the pans by the vacuum
therein as the evaporation procqpds.
The water and the air pumps are in
serted, steam is admitted to the steam
belt, and the process of manufacturing
salt begins. The atmospheric pressure
lielng removed from the surface of the
brine,theiatter bolls violently at a tem
perature which seldom rises above 150
degrees Fareuhelt. The brine rushes
upward through the tubes, and under
the rapid evaporation the brine becomes
so dense that it can no longer hold the
salt in solution. Fine crystal grains
are formed, as the liquid circulates
through the large three-foot opening in
the steam belt, and falling tp the bot
tom of the pan they pass to the foot
of the elevator, whence they are taken
and dumped into the drainage bins.
After the salt has remained in these
bins for a period of sixteen to eighteen
hours, It is drawn off Into carts, wheel
ed to the forage bins and dumped. It
is customary to use the pans for not
longer than twelve consecutive hours,
at the end of which period they are
emptied, boiled out with fresh water,
and cleaned. One of the pans Is run
during the day and the other during the
night, each pan making in a twelve
hour ruu from 000 to 700 barrels of
salt, the combined production beiug
from 1200 to 1400 barrels a day.
Iu the manufacture of salt it is a
recognized necessity that a large quan
tity must be kept in storage, and for
this purpose the salt is dumped into
vast storerooms which measure from
200 to 300 feet in length, and the same
in width; the amount in store frequent
ly aggregated 400,000 barrels. As these
rooms, are from sixteen to twenty feet
deep the salt becomes tightly packed,
and has to be worked loose by packers
with picks, shovels, grubhoes, etc., who
proceed to quarry, break up and pack
the salt luto barrels. With the coarser
grades of salt made in the grainers
tills is not a difficult matter, but the
finer grained, vacuum-pan salt becomes
compact and very hard, and the packer
soon finds himself confronted by a wall
of salt twenty feet iu height and ns
white, if not' as hard, as'marble. To
undermine and bring down this mass
i.
'' .
VACUUM PAN PLANT.
A, vacuum pan; B, steam belt; C, conden
ser; 1), spray plate; E, air pump; F, cold
water pump; G, steam pipe: H, sealing
tank; K, hot water pump; L, elevator;
N. brine pump; R, brine settler; S, brine
tank; TANARUS, water tank; U, brine vat; V,
drainage bin.
of salt is a dangerous operation, and
involves long delays; and to overcome
these difficulties, the companies have
used a compressed-air driven spiral
auger, which is ten inches in diameter
and provided with a double spoon
point. The auger is mounted ou a
truck and the back end of the shaft
is attached to a three-horse-power ro
tary air drill machine. A row of holes
is driven iuto the salt wall at a height
of ten inches from the floor for a dis
tance of six feet into the mass, the
holes being drilled as closely together
as possible. After an interval of one
to three hours, a fall of salt takes
place, a mass equal to 400 or 500 bar
rels of salt being brought down iu each
seetiou. The saving of labor by the
use of the compressed-air drill is shown
by the fact that sufficient salt can be
uudermined aud caved iu this manner
in oue-lialf day to keep the packers at
work for two or three Jays following.
—Scientific American. ,
A Chwfnl Notice.
The following notice was lately af
fixed to a church door in Hertfordshire,
England, and read iu the church: "This
is to give notice that no person is to
l>e buried in this churchyard but those
living in the parish, aud those who
I wish to be buried are desired to apply
} to the parish clerk.”
FACTS AS TO WIKICS,
Solcctiats Coofeis That Why We Do so It a
Mystery.
No satisfactory determination has.
been made of the reason we wink.
Some suppose that the descent and re
turn of the lid over the eye serves to
sweep or wash It off; others that cover
ing of the eyp, gives it n rest from the
labor of vision, if only for an inappre
ciable Instant. This view borrows
some force from the fact that the rec
ord of winking is considerably used
by experimental physologists to help
measure the fatigue which the eye suf
fers.
In another line of investigation Herr
S. Garten has attempted to measure the
length of time occupied by the differ
ent phases of a wink. He used a spe
cially arranged photographic apparatus,
and affixed a piece of white paper to
the edge of the eyelid for a mark. He
found that the lid descends quickly,
and rests a little at the bottom of Its
movement, after which it rises, but
more slowly than it fell. The mean
duration of the downward movement
was from 75 to 01 thousandths of a
second; the rest with the eye shut last
ed variously, the shortest durations be
ing 15 hundredths of a second with one
subject, and 17 hundredths of a second
with another; and the third phase of
the wink, the rising of the lid, took 17
hundredths of a second fore, making
the entire duration of the wink about
40 hundredths, or four-tenths of a sec
ond. The interruption is not long
enough to Interfere with distinct vision.
M. V. Heqj-i says, in L’Annee Psy
chologigue, that different persons wink
differently—some often, others rarely;
some in groups of 10 or so at a time,
when they rest a while; and others
regularly, once only at a time. The
movement is modified by the degree of
attention. Periods of close interest,
when we wink hardly at all, may be
followed by a speedy making up for
lost time by rapid winking when the
tension is relieved. —Popular Science
Monthly.
Infantry In Battle.
In battle It Is not the number of men
who are disabled in a day's fighting
that tells upon the morale of troops,
hut it is the losses which may be in
curred within a comparatively short
time that tend to demoralize and un
nerve them. For example, n corps of
20,000 men may lose in a day’s fight
10,000—one-half of its number—with
out being demoralized, but should they
lose one-fifth of their number—say 3,-
000 or 4,000 men—ln the course of half
an hour, their morale, would surely be
destroyed.
The British military operations, espe
cially their battle tactics, have been
freely and even virulently criticised by
the military experts of other European
nations—especially the Germans. It is
not, however, at all assured that they
would not have suffered at first from
the indulgence in the game faulty
“shock” tactics by delivering frontal
attacks upon entrenched troops.—lnter
national Monthly.
A Curious Accident.
At Sheffield, England, recently, a cu
rious accident occurred. A passenger
was riding on a double deck electrical
car. and a single deck car passed in the
opposite direction. The rope of the
trolley boom of the latter was flying
in the wind, and it wound itself around
the passengers’ neck. Fortunately he
had the presence of mind to seize the
rope with both hands nnd release him
self, or he would probably have been
pulled from the car.
The Trust, Problem.
To a thoughtful mind, the trust problem is
one of serious import. It must be firmly
grappled wtth, for it creeps upon society be
fore you are aware of its existence, in this re
spect much resembling the various disorders
which attack the stomadh, such as constipa
tion. indigestion,dyspepsia, biliousness,liver
and kidney troubles. Hostetter's Stomach
Hitters is the one reliable remedy for all such
ailments. Be sure to give it a trial.
Eighteen years ago the first news
paper was published In Japan. To
day there are 575 newspupers, a large
numbers of religious papers, 11 scien
tific and 35 medical Journals. This is
very convincing evidence of Japanese
progress? 1
To Cur** a Cold in On© Day.
Take Laxative Rkomo Quinine Tablets. All
druggists refund th© money If It falls to cure.
E W. Grove's signature is on each box. 25c.
Costly Investigations.
Th© slate of New York tans expended in the
Inst twenty years 4958,52010 r Investigatingcom
mittees ot'various kinds.
FITS permanently cured. No flts or nervous
ness after first day’s use of Dr. Kline's Great
Nerve Restorer. *2 trial bottle and treatise free,
lir. it. H. Klink. Ltd., 981 Arch St.. I’taUa., Pa.
A Thrce-Million-Potlnr Dam.
It Is proposed to bnlld a $8,000,000 Interna
tional dam above El Paso, Tex., to redeem the
Rio Grande valley.
Plso's Cure eannot be too highly spnk©n of
as a cough cure.—J. M - C Brien. 322 Third
Ave., N.. Minneapolis. Minn., Jan. 6. 1900.
“The trouble .bout onions." philosophized
Uncle Allen Sparks. "Is that when you eat
them you have to take so many people Into
your confidence about it. —Chicago Tribune.
Albert Burch, West Toledo. Ohio, says:
"ball's Catarrh Cure saved my life." Write
him for particulars. Sold by Pruggtsts, ,sc.
"Sure Pat. and whnt are ye weartn" ye'r
coat buttoned up loike that for on a warm day
"Faith', ve'r rlverence, to hoide the shirt Oi
haven't got on."—Punch.
Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing syrup for children
leethlug. softens the gums, reduces luflamma
llon, allays pain, cures wind colic. 35c. a bottle.
Cheap Fite Extinguisher.
A fire extinguisher which may be easily
made and k©pt stored in bottles ready for us
*onsists of three pounds of salt and one
pounds of sal&moniac dissolved In a
gallcn of water.
DISQUIETING NEWS,
Received In Washington From
Consul General Qoodnow at
Shanghai, China.
The department of state has received
a dispatch from Consul Goqdnow, at
Shanhai, saying that the governor of
Shan Tung wires that the boxers and
soldiers were bombarding the lega
tions for a final attack upon the 7th of
July. He is extremely auxious for the
safety of the ministers and friendly
Chinese in Pekin. The consul adds
that fears for the worst are generally
entertained.
The state department has aUo re
ceived a dispatch from Consul McWade
at Canton, saying that the viceroy, Li
Hung Chang, has engaged quarters
upon the Chinese steamer Apping,'but
that the date of his departure from
the north is still undecided. Consul
General Goodnow’s message terribly
depressed the officials here. All along
they have suspected that the various
communications received from Chinese
sources in Shanghai have been prepar
ing the way for the announcement of
the extermination of the foreign minis
ters and their wives, children, attach
es, dependents and guards.
The consul general’s message, it is
understood, is but a repetition of the
latest press reports from Shanghai,
but the state department has come to
place a high estimate on Mr. Good
now’s messages. It appreciates the
fact that he does not send every piece
of unreliable gossip afloat in the sen
sational center where he is stationed,
but uses good judgment in sifting out
the probable from the other kind of
news. Moreover, his advice this time
is from the Chinese governor of the
province wherein Shanghai is situated.
It is hard to conceive of an adequate
reason for falsification of the facts by
that official in the direction of this re
port. Thereforo the state department,
which has all along been hopeful of
the ultimate rescue of the ministers at
Fekin, has now joined European chan
cellories in the belief that they have
all been killed.
AT INDIANAPOLIS
August Bth, Bryan and Stevenson
Will Receive Notification.
William Jennings Bryan and Adlni
E. Stevenson will be formally notified
of their selection as the presidential
and vice presidential nominees of the
Democratic party August 8, at Indian
apolis, Ind. Information to this effect
has been received by Representative
Richardson, of Tennessee, chairman of
the Democratic congressional campaign
committee, from Senator Jones, the
national chairman. Mr. Richardson
will make the speech of notification to
Mr. Bryan, and Governor Charles S.
Thomas, of Colorado, that to Mr.
Stevenson.
A Lincoln special says: The date,
August Bth, on which Mr. Bryan is to
receive official notification of his nom
ination by the Democratic committee
is satisfactory to him. It is doubtfnl
H he will leave Lincoln much before
that time, thongh he does not himself
know jnst what his programme will be.
He does not, however, expect to make
any speeches in advance, of his notifi
cation. Mr. Bryan is spending much
of the time in his library with his
stenographer, working on material for
the campaign. Charles A. Towne has
been with him most of the time.
HAND-TO-HAND FIGHT,
American Troops and Bolos Have
Desperate Encounter.
The war department has recMved an
interesting report from Captain George
A. Dodd, of the Third cavalry, in re
gard to the operations in northwestern
Luzon with troop F, of that regiment,
from April Bth to May 3rd last.
Captain Dodd’s force, consisting of
eighty-seven men and ninety-three
horses, left Vigan on April Bth and
headed northward. Early on the
morning of the 15th his command en
countered a large party of insurgents
under Gregorio Aglihay in the moun
tains near Badoc.
In a fierce fight, lasting an hour,
forty-nine insurrectos were killed,four
were mortally wounded ami forty-four
were made prisoners. The affray took
place in a thick jungle which made the
movements of the sol die -s very diffi
cult. The command then proceeded
to hunt down n large body of insur
gents which was believed to be some
where in the vicinity of Badoc. At
daylight on the 25th instant they met
their quarry and another sharp en
gagement took place.
The bolo men are said to have
fought with great ferocity, and the
troopers were obliged to put aside
their carbines and close in with their
revolvers in a baud to hand fight. In
this fight 120 insurgents were killed
outright and five captured with rifles
and horses.
Captain Dodd’s only casualty was a
spear wound suffered by sergeant’E. R.
Coppeck in the fighting at close quar
ters. This engagement, says the re
port, practically squelched an attempt
ed uprising in llocos Norte. Next day
the Filipinos were again at work in
the fields. Captain Dodd’s command
arrived back of Vigan on May 3d, hav
ing covered a distance of 435 miles.
CHINA’S RULER SORRY.
Dowager Empress Issues Edict De
ploring Von Ketteler’s Murder.
A New York Herald dispatch from
Shanghai says:
An edict cf the empress dowager
promulgated on June 30, has just been
published in Shanghai. Her majesty
expresses sorrow for the death of
Von Ketteler, the German minister,
who, she says, went to the Tsung Li
Y'amen on the day of his death against
her wishes.
OVARIAN TROUBLES.
Lydia E. Plnkham’* Vegetable Compound
Caree Them -Two Letter* from Women.
" Dkar Mrs. Pixkham:—l Wirite to
tell you of the good Lydia E. Pink
ham's Vegetable Compound has done
me. I was sick in bed about five weeks.
Tlie right side of my abdomen pained
mo and was so swollen and sore that I
could not walk. The
doctor told my bus
band I would have to
undergo an operation.
Tills I refused to do
until I had given your YSjwVliA
medicine a trial. Be- /
fore I had taken
one bottle the
gan to disap- T Tfl ■
pear. I con- [ In 1
until the swelling jif \
was entirely gone. 11l \
When the doctor UJ \
came he was very
much surprised to
see me so much
better.’’—Mbs. Mary Smith, Arlington,
lowa.
“ Dkar Mrs. Pinkhaju: —l was sick for
two years with falling of the wocnb. and
inflammation of the ovaries and bladder.
I was bloated very badly. My left limb
would swell so I could not step on my
foot. I had such bearing down pains I
could not straighten up or walk across
the room and such shootingpains would
go through me that I thought I could
not stand it. My mother got me a bottle
of Lydia E. Pmkham's Vegetable Com
pound and told me to try it. • I took six
bottles and now. thanks to your won
derful medicine, I am a well woman.”
—Mrs. Elsix Bryan, Otisville, Mich.
Exit the Lady.
We have all met people whose pride
In their own possessions is so great
that they can see no charms in those of
others.
A young botanist was showing a
party of ladies and gentlemen through
a conservatory, and explaining to
them the properties of some of the
choicest plants.
Among the visitors was a would-be
young-looking midle-aged lady who, at
every description, volunteered the
statement that the plants and flowers
she had at home were quite equal to
anything exhibited here, or, indeed,
anywhere. Just as they were passing
a giant cactus she was heard to ex
claim:
“Well, this is nothing extraordinary.
I have a cactus at home that is still
larger. I planted and reared It my
self.”
"Reared it yourself?” the botanist
gently observed. “How remarkable!
This specimen is sixty-three years old,
and if yours is still larger ”
The lady did not stay to hear any
more, but executed a strategic move
ment to the rear.—Tit Bits.
There has been a marked improve
ment in the state of trade In Palestine
since the opening up of the country by
the Jnffa-Jemsnlem Railway. The
transportation of goods from the coast
to the Interior is now rendered very
easy..
Sir J. Crichton Browne Is of the
opinion that consumption In the United
Kingdom will, In the ordinary course,
disappear in sixty years. He believes,
however, that with caution in the
nursing of patients It may be got rid
of In half that time.
MITCHELL’S
Price, 25e.
c>@7?C&LIL
EYE SALVE
Southern Dental college.
DENTAL DEPARTMENT
Atlanta College of Pliyslcians and Surgeons
Oldest college is State. Fourteenth An
nual Session opens Oct. 4; closes April 30th.
Those contemplating the study of Dentistry
should write lor ca.&logue.
Address S. W. FOSTER, Dean,
6*4-03 Inman Building, Atlanta, Ga.
A /y TPir\ Wanted for the best
A Iwß h\ B C 7 selling book ever
I published. 1,000 de-
Mi II j I 1 I llvered in York Cos.,
A A VEX*<l 1 A s. c.. 1.100 in Ander
son County. SKR) in
Charleston, 1,139 in Memphis. One agent sells
250 In one week. $4.00 to SIO.OO per day sure.
In answering stato your experience, if any.
J. L- M lOHOLS 5c CO.,
Ko. 914-044 Austell Building, Atlanta, Gar
ACENTS WANTED
ForCram’* Magnificent Twentieth Century
Map of United stat*** and TVo'l.l. Largest
and most beautiful Map publication ever
printed on one sheet. It shows all the recent
changes. Price low. Exclusive territory. Big
Profit to Salesman. Also the finest line of
beautiful, quick selling Chart?. State Maps
and Family Riblk? ever issued. Write for terms
and ci: cubits showing what our salesmen are
doing. Hudgins Publishing Cos.. Atlanta. Ga.
i Thomp*on' Eye Water