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[CHINA ANDTHE CHINESE
j J*lartnrers and Customs of the people.
►
The area of China Is 4,218,401 En
glish square miles. Of this territory
only 1,330,841 miles belong to China
proper, the reiualndcr lxdng the de
pendencies of Manchuria, Mongolia,
Thibet, Jungaria and East Turkestan.
Notwithstanding the relatively small
size of China propel - , it contains the
bulk of the population, having 3815,000,-
000 inhabitants out of a total popu
lation of the IxingdonWf 4024j?0,000.
The present Emperor or China belongs
to the Maheliu dynasTy, wTildi over
threw the native dynasty of Ming la
the year 1041. As the late Emperor
died suddenly, he did not designate
a successor, as is (lie custom in China,
Where there exists no law of heredi
tary succession. 'This is one of the
'*?•/ y.-:' <*• '■ _ • i '.'V •"
A CHINESES DONKEY CART IN PEKIN.
pauses of tin* trouble* in Chinn,owing to
the’fact that /the Empress Dowager
was able to obtain ascendency over
the young Ejuperor, no that on Sep
tember 22, 181)8, an imperial edict was
issued announcing that the Emperor
had resigned power to tiie Empress
Dowager, who. lias since retained the
direction of affairs and by her dislike
of foreigners has done much to foment
the troubles and lias made it easy for
the Boxer movement to gain headway,
even If she Is not directly responsible
for thu attack, as has been suggested
liy those who have an intimate knowl
edge of Chinese affairs'. On January
24, UIOO, it was declared by decree
that the son of Priuee 'Tuan should
succeed the present Emperor. Tlilh is
generally regarded as equivalent to
Kwang Su's deposition. 'The lively in
terest which l’rinee Tuan is taking in
tiie attacks of foreigners is easily ac
counted for by lilt son's right to the
throne.
The government of the State is tinned
upon the government of the family.
The supreme direction of the Umpire
Is vested In tlu> privy round! or grand
council. The administration is under
the direction of a cabinet comprising
four members, two of Manchu .and
two of Chinese origin, besides two as
sistants from, the great college, who
have to see that nothing is done con
trary to the civil and religious laws
of the Empire. These members are
called ministers of Sta r, t'rnler their
orders are seven boards of govern
ment, each of wlticlf is presided over
by a Manchu and a Chinese. The
boards are: 1, for civil appointments;
2, for revenues; it. for rites and cere
monies; 4, for military affairs; 5, for
public works; (1, criminal Jurisdiction;
7, admiralty hoard. Independent of
the government, and theoretically
above the central administration, is
the Hoard of Public Censors, which
consists of forty or fifty members un
der two presidents. They are privi
leged to present any remonstrance to
the sovereign, and one of them must
be present at the meettugs of each f
the Government boards. Each of the
eighteen provinces Is governed by a
governor-general, who Is responsible
to the Emperor for the ontiro adminis
tration, political, judicial, military
and physical. lie is assisted by a coun
cil and other officials. Each province
is subdivided Into apartments, ruled
by prefects, and each department Into
districts, each under a separate ruler.
TEA TEEADIXQ,’’ THE CH3JECT SEIKO TO UISLODGE THE STEMS.
Bach towu and village also has its
governing body, and among the vari
ous raters there is a regular gradation
In rank, each being responsible to Ids
immediate superior. Political office In
the general administration of tlie Em
pire Is less sought nfter than the posi
tion of viceroy or governor in the prov-
Igete, Where there are opportunities of
Acquiring wealth. The number of for
eigners resident in the open ports of
ftCbina was 13.421 at the end of ISOB.
British subjects predominating. About
a half of the total number of foreign
ers reside at Shanghai.
Three religious are acknowledged by
tiie Chinese as indigenous anil formal
ly adopted: Confucianism, Buddhism
and Taoism. The Emperor is consid
ered the Digit Priest of the Empire
and can alone, with ills immediate rep
resentatives and ministers, perform
t*liL gfeat religious* ceremonies. Con
fucianism is tiie State religion. With
jtlio exception of the practice of ances
tral worship which is everywhere ob
served throughout tiie Empire, and
was fully commended by Confucius,
Confucianism lias little outward cere
monial. Tim study and contemplation
and attempted performances of the
moral precepts of the ancients consti
tute the duties of a Confuciauist.
Buddhism and Taoism present a gor
geous and elaborate ritual in Chinn.
The bulk of the people are Buddhists.
There are about thirty million Ma
honiuiedaus, one million Ilonian Cath
olics and fifty thousand Protestants.
Most of the aboriginal Dili tribes are
still nature worshipers.
IVkln is at once interesting, despic
able, superlatively beautiful, disgust
ingly lillliy, and, in short, a city of
contradictions. Originally a Tartar
encampment, begun by the hordes that
swarmed to the eastern part of China,
Pekin soon became a fortified city of
much strength. Here the Tartar rul
era lived, surrounded by their Manclai
followers—fearing the white man's
usurffhtion far less than the numerical
preponderance of the Chinese. So, in
order to protect themselves from un
expected assault, they constructed a
huge wall around their city—for China
Is n land of walls—and for a time lived
In tolerable security.
Gradually, however, the Chinese,
realizing to some extent their power,
WORKING GIRLS GOING HOME.
(Tho inotivo power is a single coolio.)
began a rival city adjoining tho Tartar
fortress. They, too, built a wall, and,
as tho Tartars did, whenever a work
man died, iris body was entombed
within tho wall. In tills manner, it
Is estimated, that one million human
beings found their last resting places
in the walls surrounding Pekin.
While the Chinese city is of much
interest, both from a sociological and
architectural viewpoint, yet the Tar
tar city is the more important, for
within its precincts is tiie "Forbidden,”
or Purple City, where lives Kwang
Ku, the unfortunately progressive mon
arch "of the Chinese. The Forbidden
City is a city of night, for there the
denizens of the palace of the Son of
Heaven awaken and begin their life.
Little is known of the Forbidden
City, for within the memory of man
not half a dozen whites have entered
tt. All that is known is that it con
tains the palaces of the Emperor, and
what is perhaps more interesting, the
famous coni hill. This immense heap
of coal was accumulated for use in
ease the city was Jieseiged. The hill
is several hundred feet high and con
tains hundreds of thousands of tons
of coal.
Whenever the Emperor was about
to leave the Forbidden City for some
religious or State function, the lega
tions of the foreign nations have been
notified, so that no unholy eye might
rest noon the puny form and sallow
face of Kwaug Su. Tlie entire route
to be traversed was curtained off nud
thousands of soldiers line the so-called
streets, ?t> that no Peeping Tom could
ply his trade. But despite all such
precautions, the well-known Oriental
propensity for money, exceptionally
strong in tire Chinese, enabled foreign
ers to see Kwaug Su at close range.
They beheld a shrinking, slight figure.
dressed plainly and utterly eclipsed
by the gorgeous apparel of his retinue.
The rest of Pekin is very much like
all Chinese cities—picturesquely con
fusing and terribly dirty. Streets run
in tiie most bizarre fashion, totally ob
livious of their beginning and end,
aimlessly wandering from bad to
worse, fringed on both sides by hovels
and palaces in confusion. Dogs and
pigs meander about, jostle equally of-
[_ ' Btrr
TEA. CLEANING PROCESS.
tensive beggars and unkempt children;
stuffy litters, suspended on long bam
boo poles and carried by coolies, make
life a burden; odors, concentrated be
yond the power of descriptive writing
to portray, overwhelm the nostrils; the
eltluvia of ages of non-sanitation,
drawn heavenward by the torrid sun,
spreads disease; the chatter of a
thousand gutteral Mongols and Chi
nese is intermingled w.ith the yelping
of tlie dogs, the squealing of the pigs,
the screaming of the children, and the
loud cries of the coolies—such is Pe
kin.
Of course, there are parts in the out
lying hills where the rich mandarins
and merchants live, where true Ori
ental luxury can be found. There,
magnificent palace-like dwellings dot
the landscape, sjirrounded by idyllic
gardens. The art and imagination of
the Chinese architect have found full
scope for his talent, and as a result
these habitations are a credit,externally
and internally—all save the sanitation,
of which the Chinese are in blissful
ignorance. Vet the wealthy Chinese
lias luxurv, even though a coolie takes
r |T
~. '' i
CHINESE FINGEE NAILS.
the place of an electric fan to cool
ids fevered brow.
Taken all in all, China and the Chi
nese make an interesting study from
any viewpoint, but ft is wrong to un
derestimate tlieir brain power in such
study, for they are far more advanced
than is generally conceded. Let China
be civilized, and the world will wit
ness as great a metamorphosis as that
which so astonished the world when
Japan emerged from her chrysalis of
Middle Age conservatism and provin
cialism.
The nobles in China, both male apd
female, cultivate extremely long nails
on tlie thumb and all the fingers ex
cept the one nearest the thumb. Six
teen inches is considered a good length,
but those who manage to attain the
length of seventeen or eighteen are re
garded with envious admiration.
COIFFCEE OF A PEKIN WOMAN.
Probably the idea of the impossibil
ity of doing any work with such long
nails upon the lingers may have given
them the fashionable reputation.
Among the Siamese silver cases are
wont upon the fingers to protect -the
long nails.
Although in bygone times European
ladies used to dress their hair in won
derful and elaborate ways, nowadays
it is worn much more simply coiffed.
In China, however—that dark, mys
terious land which is the world's cen
tre of Interest to-day—women still
dress their hair in the most elaborate
and fantastic manner.
The Pekin ladies glue tlieir hair into
imitations of tlie magpie or jay bird,
or pile it high with gorgeous flowers,
and bunches, loops and tassels of
pearls pendant from a great gold bar,
which forms the “hairpin.”
The blue-black locks are parted in
curious zigzags, and tlie ornaments are
balanced from the hairpin on each
side of the head.—Scientific American.
"DON COYOTE," OF THE PLAINS.
Tlie American \VIII Uojr is an Interest*
ln(I Animat.
One of the interesting and typical
animals of the Far West is the Ameri
can wild dog, lowland wolf or coyote,
Canis latrans, it being known under
these and other titles. While a very
common animal, it is rarely well
figured iu the books, and is made to
look more foxlike than wolfish, says
Professor C. F. Holder in the Scien
tific American. The accompanying il
lustration gives a correct idea of a
young male two-thirds grown. In
general appearance it resembles the
typical wolf, tlie fur being a dull yel
lowish gray, with dark, even black,
clouded spots; beneath it is sometimes
reddish and white.
While the coyote hunts singly iu
towns or villages, he runs in packs in
the djien, and it is here that lie dem
onstrates his skill anil cunning. A
friend of mine observed a pack of coy
otes on tile edge ot* the desert manipu
lating a jack rabbit. They swept
across tlie country in a liue, soon start
ing a hare’, non formed in two paral
lel lines about 200 feet apart. There
was a regular plan of action, and none
of the coyotes seemed overexcited, hut
when tlie hare was started they
wheeled into columns like soldiers, the
leading coyote running at the top of
his speed. After a few moments he
dropped to the rear and a fresh coy
ote tooit the lead, and this was kept
lip until tlie bare was run down. The
chase was a silent one. This method
recalls the wild dogs of Australia, or
dingo.
Seven or eight years ago Southern
anil Central California abounded in
coyotes, anil the State Legislature
passed an anti-coyote act, putting a
price upon his head or scalp. I had
the temerity to oppose this, but time
has shown the fallacy of killiug all
COYOTE.
the coyotes, and the act was repealed.
My argument was that as the coyote
was the only enemy of the jack rabbit
and ground squirrel his destruction by
wholesale wouM result in a vast in
crease of rabbits and squirrels. The
jack rabbit, a famous girdler of
young trees and an all-around enemy
to the agriculturist, without a redeem
ing feature, is the natural food of the
coyote, which does not disdain the
ground squirrel. The coyote is also a
snake eater, even attacking the rattle
snake; in a word, he is a valuable
scavenger and an animal to be pre
served.
Don Coyote can be tamed, and I
knew of one instance where.a herder
kept one that was apparently as tame
as a dog.
ALLIES RUSHED
PEKIN’S GATES
British General Tells How the Chinese
Capital Was Taken.
CHINESE OVERWHELMED.
How Legations Were Found.
Many Deeds of Daring.
General Gaselee, the commander of
the British forces at Pekin, has tele
graphed to the Loudon war office as
follows:
Pekin August 15 (Wednesday).—
Via Che Foo, August 22.—At a con
ference August 12 it was agreed that
the allies should concentrate within
five miles of Pekin August 14, and the
assault should begin August 15.
The attack, however, commenced
early on the morning of August 14
and our troops had to make a forced
march of 15 miles from Tung Chow - in
great heat.
We were on the extreme left and at
tacked the southeast gate of the Chi
nese city.
There w - as practically no opposition
as we were not expected at that point.
The Indian troops broke down and
rushed the gate and I entered with
cavalry and guns.
I then sent more cavalry and the
Punjab infantry to the Temple of
Heaven to secure our left flank and
camping ground, and w ith the other
corps pushed on toward the legations.
At 3 o’clock got on the canal oppo
site tho water gate and were signalled
from the wail he!d*by the legationers.
I, with a portion of the staff and j
seventy Indians, rushed across the
almost dry moat and entered through
the water gate without loss.
We found all well at the legations.
MacDonald immediately showed me
around the positions with the view of
further-diction.
In the meantime our field nrtillery
bed been brought up to bombard the
central gate of the Tartar city, but a
sortie by the Americans and Russians
of the garrison along the wall antici
pated the bombardment and the gate
fell into our hands.
Two field guns were then brought
into the legation and the rest sent back
to the Temple of Heaven.
About 5 in the afternoon General
Chaffee entered the legation and then
we moved on towards the Tartar city
for the night. By nightfall we had
400 men in the legation.
During the evening, at the Temple
of Heaven w-e were engaged and after
indicting heavy losses we occupied
the south gate of the Chinese city.
LIFE SENTENCE FOR PECK.
Negro Who Caus’d Akron Riot Con
victed In Short Order.
Friday afternoon Louis Peck, the
negro man who four-year
old Christina Mtms, at Akron, and
whose crime is responsible for the
fearful rioting that occurred at Akron,
was taken from the jail at Cleveland,
0., where he had been removed for
safety, rushed to Akron, taken to the
courthouse, aud within five minutes
after his arrival in Akron was con
victed of the crime and sentenced to
the penitentiary for life at hard labor.
Within two minutes after the sen
tence had been pronounced Peck had
been placed on board a Cleveland,
Akron aud Columbus train, and in
charge of the sheriff and an assistant,
he was taken to Columbus.
SHOT THE RINGLEADER.
Lieutenant Cordua Dies For Attempt
ing Abduction of Lord Roberts.
A special dispatch from Pretoria says
that Lieutenant Cordna was shot Friday
afternoon. Cordua was formerly of the
Stuats artillery and was convicted of
being a ringleader in the plot to adsduct
General Roberts and kill British offi
cers.
TATIPA IN PROCESSION.
Florida City Allows Policeman toSport
Shirt Waists and Straw Hats.
The city council of Tampa, Fla.,
Friday night passed a resolution in
structing the mayor to have the entire
police force uniformed in shirt waists
and straw hats. Kindly announce to
the world that Tampa is determined to
keep up with the procession.
BALLYHOO BEY VICTOR.
Whitney’s Colt First Under Wire In
Futurity Race at Sheepshead.
After a journey of three thousand
miles to ride ex Secretary of the Navy
William C. Whitney’s colt, Ballyhoo
Bey, Tod Sloan, the American jookev
who has done all of his riding in Eng
land for the last two years, succeeded
in sending his mount first past the
wire in the rich futuriry stakes at
Sheepshead Bay Saturday, and gather
ed in $33,830 for his employer. Thc
favorite, Olympian, was second, and
Tommy Atkins, from the same stable,
landed in third place, with the others
trailing.
WOULD KILL BRYAN.
Alleged Anarchist Taken in Charge By
Police at Omaha, Neb.
William H. Williams, an alleged
anarchist, who is employed in the
smelter in Omaha, it is said, announc
ed to one of his fellow workmen that
he was going to kill William J. Bryan
when he reached the city to address the
Jacksonian picnic Saturday afternoon.
The police were notified and ar
rested him an hour later.
ife 1
|p xtxrSome- |B
You will never find our Doc
tor out. He is here to give
advice without charge to those
who need him —to those who
don’t, sometimes. He doesn’t
always recommend the Ayer
medicines, because the Ayer
medicines are not “cure-alls.”
Perhaps if we tear a leaf
from his correspondence it will
show you what we mean. Here
is a letter which came last
March.
“ Dear Dr. Ayer :
I want year advice for my little boy.
He is getting very thin. He has no appe
tite. He is fifteen years old. When he
was four years old he had lung feysr, but
his health was good until two years ago.
Since then he is failing fast. The doctors
here say he has the bronchitis. He spits
all the time awful bad. The spits are big,
thick, and white. Yours truly,
Mrs. Margaret Murphy,
March 30, 1900. Kinbrae, Minn.”
And this is the way the Doc
tor answered Mrs. Murphy :
“Dear Madam:
“We enclose our book on The Throat
and Lungs, in which we trust you will find
just the information you desire.
“You should begin at once the use of
this Cherry Pectoral for your son, giving
it in moderate doses. Then procure seme
good preparation of cod-liver oil, as.
Scott’s Emulsion, and give him that, as
well. Pay particular attention to his diet,
giving him such nourishing foods as rare
steal;, lamb chops, good milk, eggs, etc.
Above all, keep him out of doors ail that
the weather permits. There is nothing
that will do him more good than plenty of
fresh air. Let him live out of doors all
that is possible. By carrying out these
general suggestions wc shall hope to hear
soon that your son is improving in every
way. Very truly yours,
April 3, 1900. J. C. Ayer.”
lou see, it wasn’t only the
Ayer medicines that we recom
mended. The first idea of the
Doctor was to cure that boy.
The result is told in this letter:
“Dear Dr. Ayer:
“My little boy has improved so much
since I received your advice that I want to
write and tell you how thankful I am.
“ When I first wrote you, on March
30, lie only weighed 50 pounds, but now
he weighs 82 pounds; and ali this gain
since the Bth of April, when I first began
to follow your directions.
“Please let me thank you again for what
you have done for my boy.
July 17, 1900. Margaret Murphy.”
Perhaps it was the cod
liver oil; perhaps it was the
Cherry Pectoral. Probably it
was both. But, more than
either, it was the good, sound
advice the Doctor gave in the
first place. We are here to
serve you in just the same way,
and we will tell you the medi
cine for your case or tell you
what medicines to avoid.
Five out of ten of our cor
respondents need a doctor
rather than a prepared medi
cine, and we tell them so. If
the doctors only knew it, we
are working with them everv
day.
J. C. Ayer Company,
Practical Chemists, Lowell, Mass.
Ayer’s Hair Vigor
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral
Ayer’s Comatone
Ayer's Sarsaparilla
Ayer’s Pills
Ayer’s Ague Cure
UNION O ADE
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and fit until worn nut. A
Over 1.000,000 satisfied AM*
..7-,-. Df-ialtli-hcd SEES,e[
in 1870.
do yon pay $4 to
%• - A \A $5 for shoes when you
§' \Ajean buy W.L. Douglas
h shoes for $3 and
iIcoNVIM^EYC&K&jL $3.50 which
__ just as
A S5 SHOE FOR $3.50.
A S4 SHOE FOR $3.
The real worth of onr }■!:& and
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•ell more f-> and $3.. r -0 shoe* than c i.y other two manu
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Having the largest if-1 and 50 shoe business in the
■world, and a perfect system of manufacturing. enable*
us to produce higher grade f Sand t'J-50 ehoeo than can
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'£’ll K K K;\SO\ moreW.L.DouglßPeland *C.SO
shoes are sold thur any otht rmke isbecavt.:- £’lk KY
AKE THE BtlsT. Your dealer chould keep
then:} we give one denier exclusive sale in each town.
r JTukc no anhatitutc ! Insist on having W. I„.
Douglas slioe6 with nemo and pnee ttampc-1 or. bottom.
If Tour dealer will not get them for you. send direct to
fartnrv, enclosing price and 25c. extra for carriage.
Ftate kind of leather, sire, end width, plain or cud toe.
Our shoes will reach you anywluze. Catal'.rv * Free.
N. L. DOUGLAS SHOE CO., Brockton, Mass.
CTAMMERIIIft Perrniwient’.y Cured. Address
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"jS ,c .y£. h } Thompson’s Eys Water