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HX FARM KIN IT.’STS
. Bases now the sub.
SCI HNT i( 1C STUDY.
! ;> • *
’' 1 * ' 1 1 1 1
mmmmm ‘ - i
The
wholesale among their kind
and effect extermination
thereof is an ingenious scheme lately
devised hy Uncle Sam’s scientists.
-. The idea of enlisting; the dread dis
ease germ into useful service Is, in
deed, a novel one. Our medico-legal
authorities have considered Its dan-
S&as a factor iu deliberately plotting
But who has ‘Jfrnrnt'd or i
Its possible value as an agency of in- ]
secticide?
al s*yiai;trnent lately learned how to
oUlicqct several deadly and malignant
hug diseases, how to lmlllo them for
shipment, how to spread them among
the vast insect fraternity and how to
make infected bugs carry the scourge
to their unsuspecting kind. The pecu
liar diseases in question are not com
municable to man; otherwise they
would not lie employed, of course.
The discovery <*f malarial germs In
the mosquito, has directed scientific at
tention to hugs as a means of trans
mitting contagion. It is heiug discov
ered that these minute disturbers of
the. farmer's itml householder's peace
and happiness have their character
istic distempers, some of them highly
contagious. To artificially propagate
their baneful germs In incubators,
where the latter are fed and multi
plied. Is found to lie an easy matter.
GRASSHOPPER DISEASE IN HOTTL.ES,
Mr. Grasshopper Is one of the chief
victims proscribed by the conspiring
bugologlst. lie has been cutting unbe
coming capers In our farm lands since
10, these many years, annually filching
thousands of dollars from the indus
trious tiller of the soil. l)Id wily Mr.
Grasshopper hut guess the ghastly
fate awaiting him he would hasten his
IdnsinNtiio pack up, bag and baggage,
and to seek asylums where hugs en
joy their natural rights and privileges.
The American grasshopper lias always
been a healthy bug. In Australia and
South Africa, however, have been dis
covered cousin species which suffer a
hideous disease compared to which hu
man leprosy Is a means toward pleas
ure and adornment. The unsparing
Inigologists are Importing from the
bacteriological Institute of Cape Town
phials tilled with the pestilence, and
eighteen such vessels have lately been
shipped to flourishing grasshopper
colonies in Mississippi, Nebraska and
Minnesota. And this Is how the new
grasshopper disease Is prepared;
Grasshoppers killed by the disease
are collected in large quantities, dried
and ground into a meal. This meal is
mixed with a gelatinous substance and
put up in the glass phials for ship
ment In these Vessels (lie disease ele
ments multiply until capable of kill
ing manifoldly more grasshoppers
than originally used In the preparation
of the deadly concoction. On receiv
ing the phials the Yankee farmer Is
Instructed to thoroughly mix the con
tents of each with two teaspoonfuls of
sugar, lie adds this dose to three
fourths of a tumbler of water, previ
ously boiled and allowed to cool. Into
the tumbler he places several pieces
of cork.
SCATTERING TOIK GERMS.
After allowing the mixture to stand
a day, during which time the disease
lias attacked the cork and thoroughly
contaminated the fluid, lie dips various
and sundry grasshoppers, alive and
kicking, into the liquid, the more thus
doused heiug the merrier for I lie prom
ised result. After being vigorously
ducked and thereby terrified the pro
testing victims tire imprisoned iu a
box and fed on green plants well
moistened with the same fatal liquid.
Having been fed on this poisonous diet
for twenty-four hours, the prisoners
are liberated, generally in the evening
hours. Then they hop gleefully away
to mingle once more with their anxious
JiJcnt.te; Keturuhig to their haunts
they innocently disii'iuT:'.aTe"Thr-& con
tagion far and wide, among all of their
kind which approach to rejoice at their
safe escape and marvel at the accounts
of tlielr terrible experiences. And as
a result of repeated hoppings and gnl
llvnntings here and there, from one
green Hold to another, the scourge is
spread. Then other grasshoppers, big
and little, soon begin to feel indis
posed and as each surveys himself he
t horrified to discover that lie is lx>-
eomlng covered with a furry, mouse
colored crust. This increases until
eating Into his very vitals. Then lie
gives up liis ghost to the realm where
the dead grasshoppers go.
Mr. Fanrtner soon appears on the
scene, ln-ars away the corpse together
with all others lie can find, dries them
all into state of imiinniiflciMiou. grinds
them into powder and eoucocts many
more tunilw-rsful of the liquid pes
tilence. The contagion is thus sown
to multiply over and over again, a
greater harvest of death in-big reaped
each time until extermination is com
plete.
Ground fairly covered with dead
grasshoppers thus killed was seen in
Beehuaualand. South Africa, after an
experimental distribution of the dis
ease there. Hut the black natives of
this territory, who eat grasshoppers,
objected to such wholesale contamina
tion of their diet.
fatal, to cntNcunros.
Mr. Chiueblntg is "it" iu a very sim
ilar game devised by tlie enterprising
bugologlsts. This tarenous insect
yearly costs the American farmer
miliious. The most deadly ill to which
its flesh 's heir Is discovered to be tlie
•'white fungus." It attacks him in
much the same manner as the afore
mentioned furry growth infeßts Mr.
Grasshopper, save that a white rather
than a mouse-colored crust covers his
body and eats out his life. The dis
ease is highly contagious among his
kind. The seed with which the pestil
ence is sown is prepared iu this man
ner:
A bottle of raw cornnieal, mixed
with beef broth, is sprinkled with the
white particles of the moldy growth
previously separated from tlie dried
insects dying of the scourge. The
mold rapidly multiplies after taking
root in the new media and soon con
taminates the contents of tlie bottle.
Live and healthy chinch hugs, caught
in the wheat and corn fields, are con
fined in “contagion boxes" wherein
quantitics of iily Ipfeetod mixture of
Llpfll and baUM’ liaVe been left ex
posed. The insects thus brought in
contact witii the pestilence saturate
their systems with it. They are then
liberated in the fields where originally
found.
Mingling witii their healthy kinsmen
they effect just such a widesweeping
pestilence as noted in the above case
of tin; grasshopper. Deatii ensues a
few days after exposure to the disease.
After death tlie white mold increases
iu numerous spores. The mold is then
collected, placed hack in the cold
broth and batter and left to multiply.
THE DISTRIBUTING CENTER.
Uncle Sam’s agricultural experiment
station at Urbaua, 111., is being utilized
as a distributing center for chinch
hugs thus artificially infected. This
Institution lias been corresponding
with farmers in various parts of tlie
country requesting them to box up
and ship by express as many of tbo
live insects as they can collect. After
exposure to the disease-laden broth
and batter at the experiment station
the contaminated tings are shipped
back to tlie farmers. The latter are
instructed to ki-cp tDo bffgs confined
uni 11 dead from tlie disease. The
farmers (lien capture as many live in
fants as can lie caught and confine
them with the carcasses of their rela
tives until they show symptoms of tlie
disease. Then they are let loose in
tlie fields in time to create a wholesale
pestilence. Some farmers not only dis
tribute tlie live lings thus, but scatter
tlie dead ones left in their contagion
boxes, attaching them to vegetable
growths threatened. Other farmers
have applied the broth and batter mix
tures directly in plants preyed upon
by large colonies of (lie ravenous in
sects.
Gnterpillarf!, seventeen-year locusts
and various other insect pests have
been experimented with, tlie object be
ing to determine some Infectious dis
ease capable of tlielr eradication. But
iu these eases difficulty is as yet met.
Insect diseases are 111 tie understood.
Man was ignorant of the ailments of
domesticated animals until compara
tively recent times. Now the Govern
ment annually spends thousands of
dollars a year for studying diseases of
such beasts. Spell studies were orig
inally devised by man with tfie direct
motive of self protection against pois
onous bacilli and parasites. Doubtless
iu the future wise government* will be
instituting laboratories for research in
diseases of the Insect kingdom with
the selfish motive of sowing seeds of
such diseases among ill-behaved bugs.
And perhaps in those progressive days
there will have sprung up anti-vivi
sectiouist societies for the protection
of such unfortunate insects or for the
dictation of the mode of slaughter to
ho meted out to them.
STUDYING- DISEASES.
Insects no doubt suffer from as many
characteristic disorders as do men and
beijsts. It must be a terrible ordeal
for one of the many throe-stomached
species of bugs to suffer indigestion
pains in all of his dinner receptacles
at once. And imagine what a poor
butterfly would suffer if all of his
2ri,000 eyes were sore and running as
a result of bay fever. Then pity the
centipede attacked with “rhenniiittz”
In all of his legs. And think of the
ravages of a hereditary disease which
might he bequeathed by our persistent
friend too housefly to the 746,4110 off
springs v hich she produces iu the
three months of summer.
• A fortune of uncountable millions
is certainly in store for tlie practical
bacteriologist mho can successfully
concoct and patent a brand of deadly
uiosqulto smallpox, housefly plague,
caterpillar yellow fever, cockroach
diphtheria or some pestilential means
of erasing any of the famous insect
names now upon the black list of the
farmer and housekeeper. And per
haps science will some day brew mal
ignant diseases fatal to such larger
pests as rats, mice and snakes.—Jolm
Eifretli Watkins, Jr., in the Washing
ton Star.
Edurati'il Mon in Domainl.
Never before was the call for trained
men so loud as now. They are in de
mand everywhere. Not only iu the pro
fessions, but also in business houses,
manufacturing establishments and
even on the farm, they are iu great de
mand. The farmer who understands
chemistry, who is able to analyze the
forces of nature, to mix brains with
his soil, will be the great farmer of
the future. There is an increased de
mand everywhere for college-educated
men. We find them occupying the best
positions in our insurance, banking,
manufacturing and transportation in
stitutions. Never before was the call
for liberally educated men and women
so great us to-day.—Success.
KnJ of Hi# Career.
A m;ui drifted into town to-day pon
uiless, and with holes in his shoes, and
his friends are recalling that when lie
left Atchison four years ago, giving up
a good position, they comp'.iuieuted
him upon his ambition to "get out of
the old rut."—Atchison Globe.
IIP "SHOWING WESTWARD HQTEMHNf OF THE POPULATION’S CENTRE.'
IT / \
IXH.fAte/ l
“1 I
2 ohjo. n p y jv
. <2 .COLOMBO* I ___ /YTY. \ 'cY
-* .lUOIAMAPOLIS \ •~~T~ r T
< /tLAPKsacRC J f f BIOS\ \\/ hj
C 5 o’ & iß2olfr|^a^Hi MS rqi4 o
( K o leirF* 1860 i ' e 2P • J k. i. J<*\ L -O
167 U f\J MU* A. wo9i/57-ocn ( V\\V \ <.
1/ 0 / "V' e30 ° P .r VWLI O
; p* y ■ fSf /
I ,L/'| Y/ - ='
fhe [jew Centre
of Population in
the UnitEii States
The census bureau has declared Col
umbus, Did., the centre of popula
tion of the United States. Columbus
is in Bartholomew County, on the east ;
fork of White River, in the finest
farming land in Indiana. The city has
8130 Inhabitants, an increase of 1369
since 1890.
Since IS9O the centre of popula
tion of the United States lias shifted a
little to the north and a little to the
west. It is still iu the State of In
diana, not far from Columbus, the
capital of Bartholomew County, iu the
southern central part of the State. On
the old pivotal point arises a monolith
monument erected there May 10, 1891,
by tlie Chicago Herald. On one of
the sides of the column is the follow
ing inscription;
; CENTRE OF POrULA- :
: TION :
; OF THE :
: UNITED STATES. :
: 85 deg. 32 m. 53 s. W. Long :
: 39 deg. 11 m. 56 sec. N. Eat :
: ERECTED BY :
: THE CHICAGO HERALD. :
Tills monument was dedicated with
elaborate ceremonies by the people of
Columbus aud the contiguous country.
Eloquent addresses wc>t delivered hy
notable Indiana orators and lively in
terest lira - felt iu the event hy the en
tire Hoosier State. The centre was
then about twenty miles east of Col
umbus. It is now about seven miles
north of the same city. Hence it is
moving north and west.
In time, with the great increase in
population which is coming for the
Northwest, it may shift to Chicago. It
is by no means impossible that changes
In the growth of the population will
bring the centre, even If it is carried
west of the west shore of Lake Michi
gan, hack to Chicago, where it will
remain fixed indefinitely.
The centre of population is the cen
tre of gravity of the population of the
coitptry.each individual being assumed
to lmve the same weight. The method
of determining that centre is as fol-
[Jilll jf|
A H
35 31*5l'WlONG. M\\\/.'y>
fJVU'sC N.LAT. Am'Vj
• Wctto It IWCHKMt HUW
munii
MONUMENT AT THE CENTRE OF POPULA
TION.
lows; Tbe population of the country
is first distributed by “square degrees."
as the area included between consecu
tive parallels and meridians is desig
nated. A point is then assumed ten
tatively as the centre, and the cor
rections in latitude and longitude to
this tentative position are computed.
Iu 1890 the centre was assumed to
lie at tlie intersection of the parallel
of 39 degrees, with the meridian of
86 degrees west of Greenwich. This
would have made tin* centre of pop
illation of th- United States just two
miles due uortii of Seymour, in Jack
son County, lnd. Front tills assumed
base the verifications were made and
the true centre was located.
The movement of the centre has
been s cadily westward. On the ae
companying map its unwavering march
toward the west, with occasional dtps
to the south and north is shown. In
1790 it was east of Baltimore twenty
miles. In ten years it had moved
forty miles westward. The anexation
of Louisiana brought it south and
west, and in 1820 it was sixteen miles
north of Woodstock, Va. In 18-10 the
pioneers of the West brought it north,
and iu 1850 it had moved south again.
Texas had come into tlie Union. The
growth of the great West had switched
it back to the North in 1860, and It was
near Chillicothe, Ohio. War reduced
the population of tlie South in the de
cade between 1860 and 1870, and the
centre moved north near to Cincin
nati. In another decade it had cleared
Cincinnati in its westward progress,
and in 1870 it had settled in central
southern Indiana.
The past ten years has carried the
centre westward about twenty miles
and northward about seven miles.
There is no reason to b lieve that it
GAKDEN WHERE FLAMMARTON CONDUCTED him BXPBBEUENTS IK ÜBOWIKO
PLANTS.UNDER DIFFERENT COLORED GLASS.
will not continue on its course with the
sun and shift to the north until it
settles near Chicago, there to remain.
im BLOW WAKES PLANTS BROW
jt
J Flammarion’s Investigation of the Influ
ence of Various Kinds of Light
% on Vegetation.
The experiments iu regard to tlie
influence of tlie different parts of
tlie sunlight upon the growth of
plants have been carried on for sever
al years, especially by the famous bot
anist Sachs, who proved that red Tays
of the sunlight especially favored the
growth of plants and flowers. Such
investigations have now been again
taken up by M. Camille Flammarion,
a celebrated French astronomer. Flam
marion established, iu connection with
the Observatory at Juvtsy, near Paris,
an experiment station iu tbe form of
a smalt garden, as represented in one
of the cuts, where he studied the mat
ter and conducted his experiments. A
report recently published contains
some interesting points. Flammarion
used the double-sides bell-shades,'
which were filled with colored solu
tions, anci at the same time lie pro
vided bods, covered with colored glass.
The best results, however, were at
tained in four little hot houses, one
of which is covered with ordinary win
dow glass, aud the other three with
blue, green, and red glass. The gkr-*
used for these houses was carefully ex
amined, aud only those pieces taken
whose intensity admitted only mon
aehromatic light. Heat and all other
conditions are the same in the four
houses. The sereen-like device shown
iu the other cut represents a number
of thermometers made of colored
glass whtle in the extreme right is a
radiometer for the observation of the
intensity of tbe light. Flammarion
first selected for his first experiments
a plant from which, through its pe
culiar forms of growth, we can judge,
at any time, of its healthy condition.
hf 1
DEMONSTRATING THE INFLUENCE OF
LIGHT ON VEGETATION.
This was the Mimosa pudieg. the well
kjown smsitive plant whose leaves
• act only upon exterior irritations when
! tbe plant is in a perfectly normal coa-
dition. Young plants of a trifle over
an inch in height were planted on the
same day and in the same manner in
all of the four houses, and were care
fully attended to. After three months
a notable difference was tp be seen.
Under the bine glass the plants did
not die off, but neither did they show
any signs of growth. In the white
house they were -well developed and
had grown to an average height of
four inches. In the green’ house the
plants were a little etiolated—that is
to say, they showed ’instead of the
normal green color a yellow-white
color, but their development had been
magnificent, their height averaging six
inches. The greatest development, how
ever, had taken place in the red house,
where the plants not only showed their
usual normal color, but had reached a
height of seventeen inches—that is to
say, fifteen times the original size, and
were blooming splendidly. Flam
rnarion then took two other plants and
attained almost the same, or, at least,
very similar results. Experiments
carried on with strawberries showed
also tbe same results; under the red
light they developed marvelously. It
Will readily be -understood that these
experiments, especially with regard to
valuable, rare plants, are of the high
est value.—Philadelphia Record.
Gas by the Can.
Gas by the can is a Parisian novelty,
according to Sterling Heilig’s letter in
the New Y'ork Press.
These gas fountains—using the word
in the French sense—are long, narrow
metal boxes, standing upright, of solid
construction, to bold compressed illu
minating gas, that by means of robber
tubes are led to incandescent burners
by way of movable lamps like those
that stand oh centre tables in America.
OPENING A CAN OF GAS.
The gas boxes, sold to the consumer
at ?5 each, require only to be taken
home and set up on shelves. Three
form the regulation “battery” for a
moderate-sized bouse, lighting tlie
three rooms which the French light
brilliantly, the dining room, the ante
chamber and the kitchen.
One of those bidons, or gas boxes,
represents a provision of about 1000
candle hours, which means ten can
dles during 100 hours, or twenty can
dles during fifty hours, and so on.
When the first bidons are empty the
company exchanges them for full ones
at a dollar apiece.
Where to Bp Good.
It was a Payne avenue ear, rather
crowded, too, on last Sunday night.
In one corner sat two little urchins,
taking up as little room as possible.
Indeed, they occupied about as much
room as one adult. The boys were
evidently of the class which run about
the street on weekdays iu bare feet.
They could not, however, be included
in the "bad boy” class. They were
evidently not used to sitting quietly
and orderly, and fidgeted about in real
distress. Their eyes roamed from the
floor to the people, aud back to the
fioot again. Finally one said to the
other, in a confiding whisper: “Golly,
but ye have to be good in a car, don’t
ye:”—Cleveland Clam-Dealer.
Unnecessary Advice.
She —John, dear, that recipe for lem
on pie in my new cook book says to
sit on a hot stove and stir constantly.
He —Well, Penelope, ir you do sit on
a hot stove I think you will find that
you have to stir constantly.—lndiana
Weekly.
Prosperity For lOOi.
Indications everywiieM point to great
prosperity for the .This is a
sign of a healthy natuncTu* -’tieecss of a
country, as weil ns of an ijKlividjjai, de
pends upon health. There caj be no.health
if the stomach is weak. If jLf have any
stomach trouble try
bitters which < urc-s dyspeps^^w^Mtetion
■ for
lt'Ul e. It I'.
A Halloween Risk.
"If I walk bnckwtril down the cellar stairs^ 1
the dark I’ll so > in - luiure hu-.bind.” IT
"Nonsense, you'll be more likely to see yootV
family surgeon.”
The best Prescription for Chills
end Fever Is a l.o!tie of Giiote’s Tastki.kss
Chim.Tonic, it Is simply iron nn.l quinine In
h tameless lot in. No cure—uopa.v. Cnee .Vie.
With Vl.mev In Hir- Pocket.
"I made n dreadful mist ike last night."
"It nat was it?"
“I went to buy my wife a diamond ring. but.
the jewelry shop had moved, and 1 stumbled
into a church brzz Ir,'
Wanted.
.A traveling salesman in each southern state;
sob to iSSO per nnmtu and traveling expenses:
e-xpeticucß not absolutely necessary. Address
“©nicks Tobacco Works Cos., Tenlcks, Va.
Of Course.
"It seems to ho an a tual fact, that an Indian,
never laugh-:.’'
"Nonsense! Didn’t. Longfellow make Minne
haha?" —l’hlladelphi i l’. css.
WHY MRS. PINKHAM
Is Able to Help Sick Women
When Doctors Fail.
How gladly would men fly to wo
man's aid did they but understa® a
woman’s feelings, trials, sensibilities,
and peculiar organic disturbances.
Those things are known only to
women, and the aid a man would give
is not at his command.
To treat a ease properly it is neces
sary to know all about it, and full
information, many times, cannot be
given by a woman to her family phy-
Mrs. G. H. Ciiappell.
sician. She cannot bring herself to
tell everything, and the physician is
at a constant disadvantage. This is
why, for the past twenty-five years,
thousands of women have been con
fiding their troubles to Mrs. Pinkham,
and whose advice has brought happi
ness and health to countless women in
the United States.
Mrs. Chappell, of Grant Park, 111.,
whose portrait we publish, advises all
suffering women to seek Mrs. Fiqlc
ham's advice and use Lydia E. Pink
ham’s Vegetable Compound, as they
cured her of inflammation of the ovaries
and womb ; she, therefore, speaks from
knowledge, and her experience ought
to give others confidence. Mrs. Pink
ham’s address is Lynn, Mass., and her
advice is absolutely free.
DrTßull’f Cough
Cures cough or cold at ©nee.
Conquers croup, bronchitis,
grippe and consumption. 25c. J Wr
To produce the best results
in fruit, vegetable or grain, the
fertilizer used must contain
enough Potash. For partic
ulars see our pamphlets. We
send them free.
GERMAN KALI WORKS,
93 Nassau S:., New York.
BOILER FLUEC
Pipe i> Fittings
Six Car Loads in Stock.
Cut and Ship Quick.
IaOMBARD
Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works and
Supply Store, * • Augusta, 6a.
B O DCV NEW DISCOVERY; * v
f £2* H quick relief and etim wor-.
book ot tostiraoniaN and 1(1 days* i.reamjeut
Dr. E. H. GEEtlH's SOPS. Bex S. Atlanta. Ga
UseCERTAINiSk ? CURE.H
Mention this Paper'' 1
IS CUKES V**Rt All ELSE FAILS. fST
M Best Coajfh Syrnp. Tastes Good. Lse
in linn*. bv enugrists. wj