Newspaper Page Text
report.
acher's Institute Held at Douglas.
June 2nd to June 6th 1902.
tOF. J. M. GUII.LIAMB, EXPERT,
IN CHARGE.
I ” The work done during the week
was intended to bring the teachers
to a consideration of fundamental
principles in teaching, and to har
monize the aims and sentiment of
the teachers. Those present ex
pressed themselves as being great
ly benefitted and very much in
spired for their work.
During the Tuesday’s forenoon
session a resolution was adopted
that the candidates in Coffee coun
ty for the Georgia legislature be
invited to come before us and ex
press their views on education and
temperance. The following com
mittee on invitation was appointed :
11. A. Smith, chairman, E. K.
Poppell and I). L. Townsi ;i. ]
Wednesday, i :3c) p. m.. Judge
C. A. Ward, in a clear and forci
ble speech, expressed himself as
favoring everything that would in
any contribute to the educational
developement of Georgia. On the
question of temperance, he is in
favor of a high license law, or any
other measure that would prevent
the Bi’UrancTu*e of strong drink.
Mr. F. L. Sweat did not appear
in person, but was represented by
Col. W. W. McDonald. Ilis view l *
on education coincided with those
of Judge Ward. On the question
of temperance he stands pledged
to the Democratic principle of lo
cal option.
Thursday morning, 8:45, Mr.
B. B. Gray appeared and said that
lie stood pledged to do everything
in his power to benefit the school
sytein of Georgia and to advance
the cause of temperance. He fa
vored high license law, so high
rs to he prohibitive.
The speeches of all were listen
ed to with much interest and at
tention.
The teachers of Coffee county
desire to go on record as damand
ing of the candidates for legislative
and executive offices, their views
on the great question of education
as including temperance.
TEACHERS PRESENT :
Mrs.
Bettle Knowles Byrd, Mattie Meek,
Misses
Loye Dcen, Carrie Knowles,
Alma 1). Blalock, 'Aoe. Belt Proctor,
Daisy Poole, Ada Owens,
Minnie McCormick. /b i t 1 1,
Beulah Clyatt, Bessie Briggs,
Hortense Briggs, Ethel McCormick,
Ida Mae McCormick.
u Messrs.
C. M. Deadwyler, D. 1.. Townsend,
R. A. Sow el i C. D. Roundtree,
,T. \V. Poppell, E, D. Nash.
.T. A. Williams, O. W. Dowd,
1 ‘ C. C, Palmer,
J. W Hendricks,
1 i.'a Yoi U.
11. a. Smith, Lester L. Bennett,
f E. R. Poppell, J. N. McDonald,
C, Wesley Roberts, Milton Leggett,
l’rof. J. M. Guilliams, Expert.
J. W. Hendricks, Sec.
IIKSOI.UTIONS
dopted by the Teachers of Coffee
' County./June 6, 1902.
Whereas, tjfie teachers of Coffee
county have been in session for the
f >ast week in institute work, and
.feel tliem&clves much benefitted by
l,,tlie work accomplished, and have
jnuich enjoyed the kindness and at
vtention shown them while in Doug
-1 las, therefore, be it resolved Ist.
That they express their high appre-
i ci i-i m >f ,t!l kindness shown them
•1 -f l-is.
■*>
.itiiitin.ii
'•- .i- 1 'til 1 1'ui service in ill,
1 , oi i> > : ions ihi! i•* a
st Fuel or
l l l ' ’ *Ot 1 1 ;ie\ <'X ■■ their oi*-
approbation of Shaw s School H\-
giene inasmuch as they deem it
wholly unsuited to the conditions
existing in the common schools of
Georgia, and most respectfully re
commend that it be replaced by a
-* ,r \ better suited 10 the needs oi
the common schools.
sth, That the teachers of Coffee j
county do hereby agree to give their
support to no candidate for a public
office unless he be fully committed
*0 the cause ot education and tem
perance. and stand pledged to do
a.i in his power to advance the
same.
J. W. Hendricks, Chm. I
E. D. Nash. !
Com : R. A. Sowell. j
1 1 Mki I) vif v Poole.
tr, “
PLANT FOODELEMENTS
Nitrogen and the Way In
Which It Is Absorbed.
STATE CHEMIST’S LETTER NO. 4
Actual Quantities of Plant Food In
Soils—wtat Determines the Crop
Produclni Power of the Soil, Etc.
Interesting and Instructive Treatise.
Naturally the nitrogen we find in the
plant />y analysis next claims our at
tend*/ > As I told you In my last let
ter 11 )t there are nearly eighty gal
lons If nitrogen in one hundred gal
lons! ' air, you would quite naturally
excll n that there would be no need
to ifi her about providing nitrogen for
the fcrops, as they ought to be able to
obtain all they want from the enor
mous oceans of It floating all around
and about them. Yes, one would natur
ally suppose so, but alas, it is not true;
the plant is helpless to feed on the ni
trogen around It In the air, no mat
■ , i Mr It may be for it. It is
uue i. . ed sailor In the open
boat at sea, though parched and dying
with thirst, yet he can not slake his
thirst, though there be nothing but
water, water, all about him.
It seems as though there were a cer
tain malice In Nature In so constitut
ing plants that they cannot take the
nitrogen out of the air directly, yet
perhapH It ie a good thing they cannot,
because If they could, life would be so
easy that we probably would not exert
ouralves aa much as we should. Ni
trogen being the most expensive ele
ment of plant food, if It were provided
free of cost like the carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen, we could grow such enor
mous crops at sqfih small cost, that the
cost of living would be so reduced, that
a man would not have the same urgent
stimulus behind him to work and to
labor that he now has.
The Form In Which Plants Absorb
Nitrogen.
But to return to our subject, the
plant requires nitrogen, hut it cannot
take it through Its leaves; It has to
take It up through its roots, and In or
der for the roots to take it up, the nl
trogent must he combined with nitrate.
It must he In the form of nitrate Of soda,
or nitrate of lime, or nitrate of mag
nesia. or nitrate ot potash, or Borne
other form of nitrate before the plant
can utilize it. If we put any organ
ic matter containing nitrogen *nto the
soil, either vegetable or animal, as cot
ton seed meal, blood, meat, or even
if wo plow under green crops, they will
begin to decay and putrify In the soil,
until the nitrogen which they con
tain in the form of protein (about
which I wrote you so muph last year)-
is changed into a number of other
forms, being finally converted Into a
nitrate ofter the decay of the ooriginal
nustiuice lias been fully completed.
Asa nltrntp it is in a condition
where it dissolves easily In water, and
is then absorbed by the root hairs
and drawn up iuto the circulation of
the plant. Now the vast majority of
plants have to obtain their nitrogen
ip the roundabout manner just describ
ed, but there are few favored plants
which are able to obtain their nitrogen
out of the air through the Instrumen
tality of certain minute organisms or
microbes In the soil. We will have
more to say of this later on. When the
organic matters l have described
above, animal or vegetable, aB cotton
seed meal, blood meat, manure or
turned under green crops decay In the
soil, the carbon and hydrogen which
are contained In them are not ab
sorbed like the nitrogen through the
roots into the plant, the plant does
not get Its supply of carbon and hy
drogen In that way. They simply re
main In the soil to form what Is known
us the humus of the soil, or the de
cayed organic matter of the soil, which
Improves Us mechanical,, condition,
gives it a dark or black color, and
serves as an excellent retainer of
moisture and heat In the soli. Refer
ring now to the analysis of a rich soli,
which I gave you in my last letter, we
find that besides the organic sub-i
stance about which w have just been
talking, there are also the Inorganic
or mineral substances, such as w
found in the ashes of the plant we first
analyzed.
j The Various Elements Found In the
Soil.
The most abundant substance of all
these mineral or ash elements In the
soil we - find to be silica, or as you are
qualnted with it, sand. You will re
member there was in this particular
rich soil 71.55 pounds of silica out of
every 100 pounds, and yet the wheat
plant grown on this soli only contained
two and three-quarters pounds of sili
ca out of every 100 pounds, and even
this was not absolutely essential to
the health and growth of tha plant.
Although we find alumina in the soil,
we find nofte -in the plant. Alumnla
is one of the principal elements of a
clay soil. Iron, magnesia and sulphur
ic acid found In the 6011 are likewise
found in the ash of the plant. Only
small quantities of these however are
required by the plant and they are al
ways abundant In soils. like
wise found in both smi and pfant. but
Is not essential to the plant. Phosphor
ic acid, potash and lime are found in
only small quantities in most soils,
but exist in considerable quantity in
the ash of the plants, and each one
of them is absolutely necessary to
the life, growth and development of
the plant. For this reason, the other
elements being usually abundant, a
;& saj-J u bo xici or poo: uooonJ
’ tWTA "A JQitesy** |
1c acid, lime and nitrogen.
Potash and phosphoric acid are
usually contained in soils in small
quantity, varying from about one-tenth
of a pound In a hundred pounds of
the soil to one pound in one hundred
pounds. Although that amount looks
small; let us figure It by the acre.
We’ght of the Soil Per Acre.
An avereage soil, when dry, if taken
to the depth of nine inches, will
weigh three to three and one-lialf mil
lion pounds to the acre. Therefore a
soil containing one-tenth of one per
cent of phosphoric acid, would really
contain three thousand to thirty-five
hundred pounds of phosphoric acid per
acre, or as much as could be obtained
by the application of ten to twelve tons
of high-grade acid phosphate per acre.
You would at once then say tlfat a soil
containing one-tenth per cent of pot
ash or pTiosphoric acid ought to be a
rich soil and should not require any
fertilizers, but- there you would be
wrong, because it matters not so much
what Is the total amount of potash
or phosphoric acid in an acre of soil
as it does to know In what condition
that phosphoric acid or potash exists.
Availability of the Plant-Food in the
Soil.
The question arises, is it soluble,
is it available? It is in such condition
that the soil water can take it up and
convey It to the roots and root hairs
of the plant, ready for absorption by
them into the plant-circulation? That
is why we find it necessary to put
acid phosphate and kainit End other
fertilizers on lands which are being
constantly cropped; it ia because the
constant cropping has axhausted or
drawn out of the soil the soluble phos
phoric acid and potash, available to
the plant, and we must either put on
a fertilizer containing them in a solu
ble form, or we must let the soil rest
a while, that is "lie fallow,” in order
that a fresh supply of plant food may
be made available by the slow action
of the soil watj| v action of car
bonic acid, and the other organic acids
resulting from the decay of vegetable
and animal matters In the soil. If
you cannot afford to either put on fer
tilizer or to let your land “lie fallow,”
then your next resource Is to rotate
your crop; that is, to plant on the soil
which has begun to fail you some
other crop of a different nature, which
may not require so much of a certain
element of plant food as the previous
crop did. For Instance, follow cotton
with peas or clover.
What Determines the Crop-Producing
Power of the Soil.
In considering the capacity of a soil
to produce crops we must remem
ber one thing, and that is that the es
sential element which exists in the
smallest amount settle.* the ciustion of
th crop-producing powr of a soil. That
is to say, If a soil is vry rich in avail
able phosphoric acid, nitrogen, lime,
magnesia, and the other essential ash
elements, and yet be poor In available
potash, that soil cannot produce heavy
rops without the application of an
available potash fertilizer. If that soil
has only available potash enough in
it to produce ten bn hels of corn per
acre, or two hundred pounds of seed
cotton per acre, then all you are going
to get out of that soil is ten bushels
of corn, or two hundred pounds of
seed cotton, no matter whether there
was available phosphoric acid and ni
trogen and lime, etc., In the soil
enough to produce forty bushels of
corn or fifteen hundred pounds of seed
cottcn. This brings us to.lhe question
of soil analysis, which will treat In
our next letter.
JOHN M. McCANDLESS.
t. ■- . ,
Beef and Dairy Cattle.
For many years the Georgians have
given much attention to tl*e improve
ment of the stock of dairy cattle, and
all over the northern and sec
tions and in some of th<? southern
counties are many first'clus dairy
farms stocked with cattle of the best
known milk breeds.
It has been the effort of the depart
ment of agriculture to enctfurage this
good work in every- way, did at
same time to present to our farmers
every incentive to the improvement
of our oeef cattle, and the newspa
pers and agricultural journals of the
state have nobly backed up* all these
efforts,
Our most enterprising .armers no
longer have their corn cribs and smoke
houses in the west, as was the case for
several years after the great civil war.
It is time now that we were hwing our
great packing houses in ffur own cities,
supplied with the best of b§fef from
our own stock yards. Therj is al- i
ready in the suburbs of Atlatua the '
packing house of T. R. Sawtell; an
other in Brooks county and otters in
other sections of the state. The great
scarcity of beef from the cattle states
of the Union and the consequent high :
prices ought to wake up our people to !
the grand opportunity of cheapening j
this important article of diet and keep- !
ing in our own state the money that j
now goes beyond our borders.
Not only clover, alfalfa (or lucerne) 1
and other grasses of the northern, mid
dle and western sections of the Union
Sourish in many parts of Georgia, but
our own native grasses and our soil
enriching peavines in every section of
the state give abundance of the best
hay and supply the finest pasturage for
stock.
The prosperity of our state will be
greatly increased by the establishment
of great stock farms, not only tyyhe
consequent cheapening a) our meat
supplies, bqf also by the vpnderfut en- !
rlching cf the soil, herds sf
coulo are kept.
i
“I Will Love
You Always”
[Original.]
Thero should be added to the saying
"Love laughs at locksmiths” another
squally true, "Love laughs at differences
in station." One of the most striking
examples of the latter is the love of a
cobbler for Marla Antoinette, queen of
France.
General the Marquis de La Fayette
had an estate In Auvergne. In the
forests of beech and chestnut near by
dwelt men who followed every variety
of woodworking. There were coopers,
wooden shoe makers and makers of
clapboards and laths, besides charcoal
burners and resin gatherers. These
people dwelt in their rude huts, toiling
side by side, and when work was over
for the day mingling in their sylvan
sports.
Among them was an orphan boy, call
ed by his neighbors Durnzon, a cor
ruptlon of Deraison, meaning lacking
wit In his hut under a musket on the
wall he kept a picture of Marie An
toinette, and his neighbors said laugh
ingly that he was in love with th
queen. One day General Lafayette,
while visiting his estate, told these peo
ple how the court at Versailles played
the parts of millers, shepherds, milk
maids and the like, each dressed for
the character assumed, all wearing
wooden shoes, the queen included.
“What!” said Darazon, who was lis
tening. “The queen wear wooden
shoes?”
“Yes.”
“If I make her a pair, will you take
them to her?”
“Certainly, if you make them fine
enough for her.”
In Auvergne the peasant makes a
pair of fine wooden shoes for his bride,
who treasures them through life. Dara
zou set to work to make such a pair.
They were of chestnut, finely carved,
and on the toe of each was a heart en
circled with rays, above which were
the letters “T. T. L. V.” Darazon took
them to the chateau and gave them to
the marquis.
Lafayette took the sabots, and when
he saw the letters “T. T. L. V." he
smiled, for be knew their meaning,
which was written on the sabots of all
the expectant brides in Auvergne. He
assured their maker that he would ful
fill his promise to give them to the
queen. Darazon went to his hut and
underneath his portrait traced the let
ters he had carved on the sabots. Gen
eral Lafayette set out for I’aris and
thence to Versailles, where he found
the queen in the Trianon and presented
her with the shoes.
Marie Antoinette was greatly pleased
with the present, real country sabots
made especially for her. She under
stood that the heart surrounded by
rays stood for the Virgin’s head, but
what meant the letters “T T. L. V?”
she asked the marquis.
“ ’T’aimeral touta la. vida’ (I will
lot* you all my life), it is tile patois
of Auvergne. As one would express it,
the French would be, ‘Je t’aimerai
toute la vie.’ ” The marquis laughed
as he thus interpreted Darazon’s mes
sage.
The queen did not laugh. On the
contrary, she was very serious, being
deeply touched with the love of the
simple creature.
“Poor fellow!” she said. “The sabots
are a trifle large for me, but so much
the better for the reward they will con
tain.” Then she whispered in the ear
of the Princess de Lambello, who took
the sabots and went out. She soon re
turned, however, bringing them with
her filled with goldpieces.
“Marquis,” she said, "place this gold
in a box and send it to the cobbler,
with the queen’s thanks.”
Lafayette procured a handsome box,
put the gold in it and sent it to Dara
zon at Auvergne.
Then came the revolution. A mob
stormed the palace of Versailles. The
Marquis de la Fayette was Indicted.
The king, queen and their children
were placed under guard. Darazon
heard with anguish what had befallen
his idol. He listened to every bit of
news eagerly, becoming more and more
gloomy as the fortunes of the royal
family declined. Finally he heard that
they had been taken to the Temple.
One morning soon after, his hut was
empty-. Both his musket and his pic
ture of the queen were gone. He had
departed for Paris, taking both with
him, besides the goldpieces the queen
had sent him sewed in his vest. The
picture he had hung around his neck,
knowing that if discovered with the
likeness of the hated Bourbon queen
on his person he would be arrested
and meat the fate of a royalist. He
traveled by night, hiding in the woods
by day. Finally, on the 17th of October,
1793, worn with fatigue and illness,
be reached Faris. In the Place de
Bastille he met a citizen revolutionist
of whom he asked the way to the Tem
ple.
“AVhy do you go there?” asked th
man.
“To rescue the queen.”
“The Austrian? She was executed
yesterday.”
Maddened by disappointment and!
grief and rage, Darazon raised his j
musket, but before he could fire the
revolutionist struck him, laying him on
the pavement, then shouted:
“An aristocrat!”
A crowd gathered and, to discover
ihe countryman’s identity, searched I
him. finding on his breast the picture
of the queen with the four suspicious
letters on it, “T. T. L. V.” With yells.
they carried the poor cobbler to the
river Seine and threw him in.
Thus died this simple savatier of An-'
vergne. who loved a queen and dared
tt> atcoaint her with his love.
_ CUXfiJSSff FiSiUM). i
3 Gallons for $4.50.
I will ship you 3 gallons of the
best whiskey in the world for only
$4.50. Order direct from the dis=
tiller and save middle men’s profits.
My whiskey is distilled by the best
process known in North Carolina.
It is absolutely pure and should be
kept in every home in Amerca. I sell my en=
tire output direct to consumers at wholesale
prices.
S. L. SHORE,
SHORE, N. C.
TANNER and MASHBURN
DOUfiLIS, GA.
Manufacturers of anil Dealers in
Z
, Heavy and Light
; | Harness, [i*
All grades of Collars, Traces, Hames,
Bridles, Halters, Whips or anything to be
found in a first class Harnes and Repair Shop.
; SADDLES A SPECIALTY.
Bring your old Harness and Saddles, and
have them repaired, or bring them and swap
j for a brand new set, or a good Saddle.
! Our Mr. Tanner carries a first class line of light and heavy BUG
: IES and WAGONS.
BANK,
INCORPORATED IN 1901.
DOUGLAS, - - GEORGIA.
B. H. TANNER, President. 0. H. LOWTHER, V. President
F. L. SSWEAT, 2nd V. Pies. /
W. W. STEWART,"CashierT ' '
E. L. TANNER, Assistant Cashier.
DIREOTORS:
B. H. TaXNER, O. 11. LOWTHER, F. L. SWEAT, W. W.
STEW ART, W. W. MCDONALD, D. KIRKLAND, E. L. VICK
{ 5. *
Ail accommodations atiorded our customers consistent with good
business principals
* Gbs tUnionffianbtaa Company. *
Incorporated 1898.
J. M. ASHLEY, President, J. S. LOTT, V. President.
C. E. BAKER, Cashier.
DIRECTORS
J. J. LEWIS, ELIAS LOTT, J. M. ASHLEY, J. S. LOTT
HENRY VICKERS, J. W. QUINCY, JOHN McLEAN,
Accounts of individuals, merchants and corporations solicited.
Tibgcratc! <$ ro\\ CiDor^s,
Fitzgerald , Ga.
Iron and Brass Castings, Machinery Reparirs,
Belting, Saws, Shafting, * *
Pulleys, Boxes, Pipe and Fittings and Valves,
And a Full Line of Mill Suppiles Always Carried in Stock.
Prompt Service and Reasonable charges a spec
ialty. Highest cash prices * % :
Paid for Scrap iron and Brass
THE DuVALL ART STUDIO,
NORTH CAROLINA CORN WHISKEY
A $1.50, $1.75, $2.00 and $3.00 per Gallon, ;
Direct to, Consumer ;
Saving Middlemen’s Profits. All Express Charges 3
Paid by me on Packages of two Gallons or More. 3
Terms==Cash With Order. 3
Write for Descriptive Circular. -3
Reference, Commercial Agencies or any Merchant .3
Here. .
J. H. Woolley, Cherryville, N.C.-i
Do all kinds of Photograph work ii
the latest styles. Minatures to Cabinet
Sizes, Enlarging to any size desired, fit
ted in artistic frames. Also Gold Rim
D hoto Buttons. Call and see us.
DuVall Art Studio,
Up=Stairs Overstreet Building,'
Douglas, Ga.