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TEE w J4f» OW T A CARNESVILLE ■ i >r • -.* * J i : ft fa \ - jE-i***** **-« .•'.»* to f ESTABLISHED I L<^1 r.J o 77 jr;>. rv» \ X\ km ¥ jjf ;// /a e'/ 1--SSL-: r~~v •< s J) _ vr5*r| w pn in m ?kj Wim 55= iS Pgr-® ; ~' i\ m teM: rJk -i P' : A / n •r; # «3§lfPfiljl , 4 X ^ipi mm 3nH j 4. l v 25 !- A m. m ' i s»sSl ! w 41 " f! t;i is mm - #1 h ) tm\: -- •eft lift Ur Mil rfe Wf NIB m "-■r m SJ K mm II HR IV V-ii— ( l^rrfrr 2 H rje*& /- ■ &■> m 7k $sa%a0ri ■ ifffig mm Pri ‘V i § m 2* w I w /Si % K1 1 SSMI A * i f-* TO r vB •SkcrTlV-* 7 ' ‘"•A M •**. -3- r I p^i*fpyp -p v SAID 0E WASHINGTON. Tliat ho was too modest to propose to belle Mary Phillipsc, of New when she won his heart long be- >fore the war. vP \k •vVNi ye* V;. to 'r^O i ____ <LS* THAT UP. PAN WITH THE) MACHINE. That had lie led Braddock’s army there would be no “Braddock’s Defeat” in colonial at: Ms. That ho up his commission in tho Idng’s army because American officers were snubbed by tho British war office and by the epauleted redcoats from over the ~ sea. • i Tliat he did not say ho could not tell that particular cherry tree lie and must * -3H Q f A) > ^ ...........-*— that ini went out with the boys. own np, but that lying was a habit he hud not cultivated. That lie “ran with the machine” to Alexandria fires, and the old hand fire engine is now a relic in the hands of the Bsmo old Friendship Fite company, and rests from its labors in the engine house at Alexandria. That he went out with the boys on various occasions, loved fast horses and (li 1 mB "I i : !f I H IISh A U’ 1 ijxS ? -! I' A ' tm [ i mi Vi 27 il m W, m hi t m J * ffi > :mv m k' . -f i &i§ Ak IP *7§ ! WHOM V**ASKINOTOH JilSSES. bet upon them, made long trips with good fellows and entertained them roy- That once, during the war, he wished to be mad© monarch CARNESVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, GA., WEDNESDAY, FEB. 18,1891. That never, during tho i war or at any other time, did he wish to be made mon¬ arch. That on occasions, especially in the ■■ lieat of battle, be used the big, big D. That at Monmouth he restrained the boiling over passions of a New Jersey volunteer by getting off this grim joke, “Put up your reeking sword, my good man JvcA don’t Ire n-cinn gViJ * house right bore ca. tho battle field.” That ho had an old Cremona of 1673, which lio discovered in a negro cabin, and that lie played forth© girls ami boys on many festive occasions; that the old Cremona is in the hands of a violin maker in Astoria, N. Y.; that it is not ! a Cremona, but a Tyrolean anyhow. instrument, but Washington owned it r .•or ks i m r~\ m ±t n mm-: uA wm m % I iW m THAT HE HAD AN OLD CREMONA. That it was a current saying in Revo¬ lutionary times, “Whom Washington kisses marry young,” and all the girls flocked to him to bo kissed, and then “went off like hot cakes.” That he got off this biting sarcasm on the ubiquitous generation which is ever on hand to tell president, congress and all just how to run the government: “The affairs of this country cannot go amiss. Thera are so many watchful guardians of them and such infallible guides that one is at no loss for a direct¬ or at any turn.” /T" r J s % ksMm Mmm astx / Vi/ MimWu wmm y (■< *1 rrr up your peering sword. 1 That he was simply an “English gen- , tk-man in Amenoa,” and by no means a type ‘ of the Revolutionary patriot. That lie was not an “English gentle¬ man iu America,” hut a plain, practical, pioneer worker, simple in manners and habits, and as far as possii»i£.removed from the affected style of European courtiers and aristocrats. George L. Kilmer. Mount Vernon has so long been public nroperty that few remember what a tedious' negotiation was required to ob- Hi*i it andhow ^Mlm ore of the W;ishingtons iTlSoS the Ladies’ Mount Vernon association paid thl John A. ’Washiagton §200,000 for " mansion and £00 acres of land. The John/ L-s -therefore consented to for- get WASHINGTON. [Written .upon contemplating Stuart’s portrait in r tho Lost-on Athenteuin.] . The autuuih sun carosse3 Vernon’s tomb, Whose presence doth the country’s honor leaven; Two suns they are that dissipate man's gloom, Por one's the index to Earth's freeborn bloom, The otto*-'to our burning hope in Heaven! ri’.y dust in older in the hollow rock, — .1 ---- Ifatjungnf#' Ann ijHI^tremble n will that swell she thy thankful flock, cannot mock Thy A fcfiry'a Truth that will enchant with rapt¬ ure. How vain the daring to compute in words The height of homage that tho heart would render! And y et how proud—to feel no speech affords liarnwnions measure to the subtle chords Thai, fill the soul beneath thy placid splendor! The steady fire that battled iu thy breast . Lit up ot*r gloom with radiance, good though gory; Like some red sun which the dull earth caressed Into a 'vealthy adoration, blest To be its glory’s great reflected glory. Thou, when the earthly heaven of man’s soul— The heaven of homo, of liberty, cf honor— Shuddered with darkness, didst tho clouds uproll Anil byrst such light upon the nat ion's dole That every state still feels thy breath upon her. —John Savage (.1SG0). Uiotoiy Doesn’t Always Repeat itself. -Si m I m ' * - T#j(f Mm / I mm in i ■ 90J[i m I i s.* mmi '*yi Li . ’ ''-LS. *- Tommy Bingo—NIy brother and my¬ self wanted to be like Washington, so we got up this morning, took a hatchet and went down in tho yard and hacked away at father's cherry tree. But my brother was too sharp, ’causo when pa called he sneaked away and left me with the hatchet. He got ahead of me. Miss Summit (sympathetically)—Dear me, Tommy! What did you get? Tommy—I got licked. A Weapon of Defease. V-' if: mrr : l < i I 1 j I ip4Mj wA‘ m HI , k a a : ! ASM 5 ’ ’ f lira J \ Tramp-Madam, as I was passing by 1 picked up in your front yard this■ httie ; hatchet, left there by some thoughtless | one. Kind Lady—Such honesty shall S o mnnU Step inrito and 1^1 get you a piece of my Washington pie. Tramp—In that case, madam, I have but one request to make. Kind Lady—Certainty. Whatisitr Tramp--Let me keep the hatchet. RELICS OF WASHINGTON. AM OBSCURE BUNDLE OF ANTIQ'JI- TIES FROM THE LAST CENTURY. _ _ o.-respondent ur Pays a t is,t . to XsJ. George It. Clllhcrall, of mobile, anti the Discoveries He Mkile Will Bo of Interest to All of ITjclo Sam’s Peoisie. Not far from Government, on It. Emanuel street, in Mobile, Ala., there stands an unpretentious brick house. The curious stranger will be faintly re¬ minded as he enters the arcade of this homely dwelling, with its solitary oc< - pant, of those houses which are comm- n to semo quarters of New Orleans. Of this, however, there is perhaps mi.ro about the air of the place than any real resemblance to those antiquated credo quarters. As he enters the parlor, with its central bay window that juts out. to tho sidewalk, he will involuntarily pause beforo an ancient and venerable book¬ case, raid if he be of a literary turn of mind will note with a more than pass¬ ing interest the heterogeneous mass cf books that with all their variety cf bindiugs crowd close to each other upon its time honored shelves/ It was before this musty piece of fur¬ niture that I stood just about a year ago when I was in Mobile. Upon the top shelf was a chaotic piece of accumulated bric-a-brac such a3 you may see clus¬ tered together on tho top shelf of any old bookcase, and among other things there »whs a brown paper parcel tied with a piece of old string, and of such an unassuming appearance that if it were lying in the street it would attract scarcely a glance from the passer by; and yet it would be difficult to find a cluster of objects of such unusual inter- est as this faded brown paper contained. It contained, among other colonial rel- les, George Washington’s slipper, a part of his vest, his Masonic apron and two silver spoons from his camp chest. There were also copies of some old news- papers—The New York Morning Post of Nov. 7, 1783, Tho Boston Gazette 'and Country Journal of March 12, 1770, The New England Weekly Journal {publish- ed in Boston) of April 8, 1728, The New- bem(N. U.) Spectator, Dec. 19, 1839, and The Federal Republican (Newborn, N.C.) July 31,1813. There was also a package of colonial money .and an old time pock- etbook. ; To the right of the bookcase, witli its mahogany back leaning against l IKRi V'! pmPffIMr ■:U -0- WW W P i- yW aliajw mm dcORGE P. CHTHERALL. ■ the wall is food an old fashioned chair looldng very much like those stiff hitch- en chairs.pf in the present day, albeit more elegant appearance. This piece of an- tiquated nja^Kagapy tfoprqpei js a .bedroom chair which was v |y of Martha, Wash*- ington, or, lovingly called by Maj. CiitherallV^ii^jiiy, “Mistross-W^h-- ington.” I » I ^ Maj. George$5*014thorn'll, whosb death has occuixed fine©-*ay visit to Mobile, was the devoted possessor of theJe fehes, and the last eurvivor of a family which stands amcaig the first in a republic that gained mortairahie its butepeinlence through the im- of George Washington. Anicsefpa Tb^tistery tpu. of the the maternal Chtherall siite family in back to the Kev.- Richard Maradon, who-- Vv;is^ bhapluin to tho Duke of Portland, ai:,lwIio rec'jivadfrom the original lords proprietors plantation^ the ownership of the two known as “The Hermitage” and “Castfe of old Ilaynes,” lying on opposite sides the epuntry road, eight miles uorth of Wilmington, N. C. Mai. Ciitherali’s father, Dr. George B. ChtheralV was a relative andi inti- mate friend tef Gen. Ben Smith, of North Carolina, who died at Fort John- ston in ItKO. Gen. Smith was a man of high social position and great wealth, and Williatif married Sarah, daughter of CoL -Dryt who was colonial gov- ernor of Ijlolah Carolina.^ During the Revolution Gen. Sniith was a volunteer member of Washington's stuff and mili- tary family, and there always, existed between them the warmest friendship. When Gen. Smith learned of the illness of Washington he immediately left his home in North Carolina and hastened to the bedside of his chief, where he re^ mained until Washington died. Many of the personal belongings of Washing- ton were presented by his family to Gem Smith, who cherished them as long as qmathM ,o Dr CHthfir*ll. Maj. Cli the rail had bat one of the ehp* X>ers (the left) in his possAssion, tho mate having been given by hisjnother to the British Museum iu 185w In 18*76 tho major presented one of Washington’s , I Masonic aprons (of which there are two) to a lodge ooyc.f ray ral to KHt -ff.-.siangton; library chair to the Mmnescta ilffirancal society. With the exc^ptioa of this chair, the right slipper and one Articles of the Masonic aprons, the rest of the j were in Maj. Ciitherali’s possession. * The now famous’slippers samc'way^rthe did notteach ! Gen. Smith in the j otaer roues did. Gen. Wa^msgton, after bis farewell address, weut to pay Gen. , f^ latter lb in . a ^rtu at Carcxina, the r&idecce cud it q£ was the j • ; to* that he bro-egbt them, to * turning home he left, them bemad lnm, j and they were carex«*ly pu* a.. ^ j an old closew and lmd there in ncgxtcx until tneir value eaote to be recognized, Since then they have’been careftdly pre j sorted. Th© oifc iiTMaj. ClitheralPs pos- G^-iCCt ? s exactly eleven and one-half j ilCi in length, Talf and across its widest F-irt, where tho of the foot 1 lies, it | measure? four and one-half - mebes. : (Tv hiio tl^p Father of la* Country on- j j denic.hly Lad a substantial foundation it will he seen from this that his foot was net too large for & man cf his stature.) 1 ho slipper is of red morocco leather, but time lias covered it with a dusty brown color, and a careless observer would place it in the rank of theso cheap brown .leather foot covering's which, however much of comfort they may pos¬ sess, cannot be allowed to have that styl¬ ish appearance which mark; the slipper of tho man of fashion. Originally tho slippers are said to have been lined with white sill". When tho imagination goes back to tho tiino that these now faded Cr^yj f I I w* WASHINGTON’S CHAITt. P^ces of antiquity were new, and pict- ures them in their original colors, the r:ch and elegant red of the morocco eon- trusted with the white silk, the flaps, which somehow remind us of those old fashioned curled up skates that the Hol- Anders used of yore, and the deep twinkles which lent to them their easy rm(1 comfortable air, we must readily believe that these slippers presented a sm te Io > rich and elegant appearance. Th °y se rvo in a great measure to show tliat the taste of this great man tended toward simplicity, at the same time uniting with that refinement which al- v.-ays selects the best. We have as an- cthcr example of this the story of Wasli- ^Ston’s watch—familiar to every school- u '?- yr -which lio desired should come to him from France, of pure gold, but per¬ fectly plain, so that its smooth and pol¬ ished sides, had the Father of bis Coun¬ try been a vain man, might have served the uses of a looking glass. : • Nothing remains of tho *. waistcoat the huge hip flEp^fext pbekbt laps tlii§ WHioS were such an important part of gar- ment during the colonial days. From this flap it is impossible to obtain a com- plete idea ct the whole. It may be said, however, .ft is-sea green in color, richly embroidered 'in silk with figures, and when neW must have presented a very handsomo appearance., Only one thing moro remains to be said. May Chtherall was, from time to time, in receipt of various letters of inquiry from different parts of the country bearing upon these unique and valuable possessions, and I have endeav- ored in the present article_ to cover the entire ground, however briefly, and it is hoped that ic will be copied widely enough to fall into the hands of all tnose who havo been more especially interested Lndhe matters touched upon. Sffy 8 no ^ without a feeling cf venera- wot that I said good-by to theso ancient r ehcs, whose authenticity cannot be kiZ&rr, J '' ~ ” [p/JpgP?' ' W a«htnptoV«? cttpppt* ovxp^-f, ».n pai a miow , .. x » . u a- ieu * CL ^t 130 “7* - ftj -JcokMASSON 0 ^^,°' meT ol ~ x . __ other Washingtons. ■ There were two Washingtons in Revo- lutiou days who would doubtless have filled digger places in'history if they had borne - some other name. Bushrcd, nephew of George Washington, ’and served with distinction in the cavalry in the Virginia convention, and was ap- pointed justice of the United States su- premogxmrL Col. William Washington won honor in several battles, especially at Cowpens. “ ~ own ‘ ;,, ^ (VY fp^ J, (I jj; ’ J® -^5*’ ^ ikw | ' \N? /4ft I i !w7/«s; MfclWmSi&W.- UsF ^ \g| ^ • ‘ • ■ She—My poor, dear father knew Washington so intimately, and I, my- self- was bdrnoathe 22d of February, -x out)—Like J ^ - - a relic? From tbe death 0 f Washington jf till the „j a it was an y ,i rp r>a invariable tu Washiugtoil each Waslungtbn township. ^any counties So, of a t h e thirteen jfem wiiliout a ^ awning- ton county, a5fc were too old and fire are apparently too irew. . VOLUME. XVI .---NO. 6. S THE LITTLE HATCHET MYTH. Its Origin nr.-A .Development—Evolved by a Highly Moral Liar. “Father, I cannot tell 'a lie—I did it ’ wfth my littlo hatchet!” Who thick can of. tho Father of his Country without re- calling this affecting story? And yet, like so many other cherished anecdotes of great men, it is absolutely without founiJLation. His napoo was M. L. Weems. He was a clergyman or preacher by profession, an adventurer by nature, and loved no¬ toriety, money and a wandering life. So he wrote books which ho correctly believed would meet with popular favor, and peddled them himself as ho trav¬ eled through the country. Chanco brought him to Mount Vernon in the closing days of Washington’s life, and bis commercial instinct at once told him hero wfcva chanco for distinction and dollars such as lio had never met be¬ fore. Bo ho produced his famous biog¬ raphy, and being tho first on the ground ho had things his own way Rnd ran riot in language and alleged reminiscences. The best known of his myths are those concerning the little hatchet,, the .refusal to fight or permit fighting among tho boys at school, and tho initials in the garden. Tho last is to tho effect that little George’s father planted seeds in such a mannor that when they sprouted tlioy formed tho initials of the boy’s name, and ho being much delighted, the elder Washington explained that it was the work of the Creator, and thus inculcated a profound belief in God. This tale is stolen bodily from Dr. Beat- tie's biographical sketch of his son, pub¬ lished in England in 1799. There is not a scintilla of evidence to support the others. But lot us examino the littlo hatchet story. The father of the young hero, we are told, took great pains to inspire his son with an early love of truth. Af¬ ter describing tho downward course of the prevaricator he is made to exclaim: “Bather than see you come to this pass, fi. li A mm v p cy Se^i m - ,-W mm m Vs V: t m % y 4: MU tk. WM m / (&■ mm & fj T • *- v w “i did xT with my little dear as you are to my heart, gladly -would I assist to nail you up in your lit* tie coffin and follow you to your grave, Hard, indeed, would it bo to give up my sen, whose little feet are always so ready to run about with me, and whoso fondly looking eyes and sweet prattle make so large apart of my happiness, but still I would give him up rather than Eeo } lim a common liar.” Ho next as- 6urea George that while somo parents compel their children to become liars «<by barbarously beating them for every little fault,” it shall not bo so in their case. “Whenever, by accident, you do anything wrong, which must often bo the case, as you are but a poor little boy yet, without experience or knowledge, y OU must never tell a falsehood to con- cea i it, but come bravely up, my son, like a little man, and tell me of it, and instead of boating j*on, George, I will but the moro honor and love you for it, dear.” Need we longer marvel at George’s penchant for mischief and his to own up? The anecdote, tcld in AY earns’ rambling manner, is as amusing as Ihoprelimi- nary remarks. lie gives as his authority “an excellent old lady,” and declares that tho narrative is “too valuable to be lost and too true to be doubted.” The climax reminds one of Bill Nye in his happiest Tom: “Presently George and his- little hatchet made their appearance. ‘George,’ said his father, ‘do you know who killed that beautiful little cherry tree yonder in the garden? This was a tough qnee- tion, and George staggered under it for a moment, but quickly recovered him- self, and looking at bis father with the sweet face of youth brightened with the inexpressible charm of all conquering truth, he bravely cried out; ‘I can’t tell a lie, pa; you know I can’t tell a lie. I did cut’it with my hatchet.’ ‘Bun to my arms, you dearest boy,’cried his father in transports, ‘run to my arms; glad am I, George, that yon killed my tree [he puts a premium upon mischief for the sake of hearing tho truth], for you have paid me for it a thousand fold. Sachao act of heroism [although the lad knew in advance that he would not be punished but commended], my son, i3 more worth than a thousand trees, though blossomed with silver and their finite of purest gold.’” Tliough ignored by Soaring, Marshall, and attecied by otner esnor.a biogra- phers, the myth of the little b -tehet has survived, and probably will survive for ages to come. Its acceptonco and popn- larityaro largely due to writers like Mrs. C. M. Kirkland, who, iu 1857 , published a life of Washington “especially adapted to young tcoplc-,” in which she sraista W^as poetic style “rntertaming of the narrator,” book” and and declares “the that the various anecdotes are “ttfld with the richness of Jean Paul,” and, in her opinion, on good authority. Shorn of its weak preliminaries and told as if the youthful culprit expected ; and'seiwed to readers, as excellent a pur- j pose aa the best kble from ^Esop. ! ™ 1116 hir& ofthe American c^cjw^s humorist | ^°3 -hSlorfthoStU btte’let Sa h^Sd ! ‘ into -a' proverb, and, strange to say, be- I come the very synonym for truth. ; WiLLLaa Jinx Butler. j SABER AGAINST PISTOL THE GRAND CAVALRY ACCOMPANI¬ MENT. TO PICKETT’S CHARGE. How Gen. Gregg and ”JcG" Stuart Dis¬ puted the Head to Meade's Rear While I-co’s Infantry Charged His Front—A Thrilling Fight. [Copyright t>y American Trees Association.] EX. GREGG'S cavalry battle \ ( with Stunrt (Gefe- ’Nl!?63) tyshurg, July 8, m 15 often ^ called “the one cavalry fight of Up the war." The c o m bat, though brief, was desper- S ate; the losses, \ ( though tively light, compara- I were A Vf( p,Pj) Inflicted quarters with at close pis- m zff tol anil saber. Tire d result was Incal- k culable. An ideal - cavalry action is i! where mounted fm columns rush up- ' on defeated infan¬ r '% ^ try, and cutting y ^ turn right momentary amt left a wavering into a disastrous panic. In the affair between Stuart and Gregg cavalry met cavalry and struggled hand to hand for the mastery. The hour was simultane¬ ous with that of. Pickett’s charge, and Stu¬ art was attempting to aid Pickett by a fire in Mio rear of the Union line. Since that time Gen. Gregg has resisted every effort to draw the story from his pen, and his lips remained closed until he met the Count of Paris on the battlefield last autumn anil recounted the particulars, lie was marching on to Gettysburg, 1m said, on July 2, and lii3 route led to the right rear of Meade’s army, lie saw some important points exposed to the Confeder¬ ates, guarded them until nightfall, skir¬ mished with I/ce’s infantry, put out pickets and stationed artillery, and then re ported to headquarters. The instructions given him'for the next day, the Sd, were based upon what he bad reported about his action of the 2d, and he was told to go hack and hold the ground he had so wisely seized. Gregg’s force consisted of two brigades cf the Second cavalry division, as follows: First brigade, Col. J. B. McIntosh—Third Pennsylvania, First New Jersey, First Maryland; Third brigade, Col. J. Irwin Gregg—Sixteenth Pennsylvania, Fourth Pennsylvania, First Maiuo and Tenth New York. Company A, Purnell troop, Mary¬ land; Company A, First Ohio; Battery E, First United States; M, Second United States, and a section of the Third Pennsyl¬ vania artillery, were attached to the Sec¬ ond division. Tho Second brigade, Third division, waa also serving Sixtt; witAi Gregg. It Mattel ft? tho First, ififth, anifTjOTerTCh Michigan, The troops with Gregg, Inclu¬ ding Custer, numbered 5,000 men. About 1 o’clock on the 3d an order cama from headquarters for Custer to rejoin his division some miles away on the Union left flank. His brigade at the moment was deployed on the extreme front, a danger point, by other and troops it was that while the action relieving about his to men bo described was brought on. Gregg says that when Custer came in in person from the outposts he «nid, “General, you’ll hare a fight here.” Gregg then asked Custer to stay, and lie "was well pleased to remain.” Some of Stuart’s troopers were engaged in skirmishing with Custer's men when the attempt was made to relieve the latter. Stuart had four brigades of cavalry and three batteries, about 7,000 men in all, and liis position was somewhat higher than Gregg’s and was well screened with woods. Between the two was an open space a mile long anil half a mile wide, which soon be¬ came a bloody lane of strife. Gregg’s bat¬ teries commanded the flelu. The brigade of Col. McIntosh had taken position on the ground vacated by that of Custer on retiring, and the carbine ammu¬ nition cf there men was exhausted in cop¬ ing with the enemy. When Caster’s men returned to relieve McIntosh, and resume their place on the front line the Confed¬ erates began to force the fighting, and the retiring men and their relief both had their bands full for a time. Finally a Vir¬ ginia regiment swept down from Stuart’s line along the open space, directing its course upon Gregg’s batteries. Near the center of the field the Fifth Michigan of Custer and the First New Jersey of McIn¬ tosh stood in line across the pathway, and not being able to withstand the Vir¬ ginians separated in the middle, swinging backward like double gates, and left a gap for the enemy to dash through. i r { A A / '■ C; V TZr- ^3 t. h JT ■? “come , wolverines!” on, you At tho moment Cutter was drawing to- termed the rerfmeot ia clow column, aad advanced to meet the Virginians. The latter were already, between two fires, the Fifth Michigan and First New Jersey hav- ing deployed parallel to the route of march of the enemy and opened upon them. Cun- on tb ® Seventh until he - MrIllMf an<1 the CSnfederates gellantly faced the music, forced their way to the opposite side of the wall, and returned the fire with pistols. The battle waged for some time at arm’s length, lrattheConfed- eratca were quickly re-enforced, and Cus- ter had to give ground, followed by the ovShway^Sghf^ Gregg’s' but they were drawing nearer to cao- non at every step, and were made to suffer terribly for their boldness. They were, in fact, ronumg' a gantlet of fire on both S3S?SS??i™ ^rid testae?bJd to^ive JS ft and retire. Thus far the fighting had been only a byplav on tho part of the Confeder- ates. *«taart intended to occupy iny at- teatian here v.-ith only one of lib- brigades,”