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THE CARNESYILlE TRIBUN iah% T? Hi. n
Established ists.
As Corbett Knocked Sullivan Out,
So Do HOOD, ANDERSON and CO. Knock Prices Down
Our New Goods Are All in
Prices and quality guaranteed. We have a fine line of
Millinery, Dry Goods and Notions.
We can please anybody who will give us a chance. Our line of SHOES and prcea will fit any one.
HOOD, ANDERSON & CO.
HAEMO SV GROVE, GA.
COMMISSION Kit N liSBITT’S
Monthly Talk With the Farmer.
of ui HoOTP'ia ucutgia,
Dlpaiitment ok Agriculture.
The Atlanta, Nov. 1, 1892.
been month of October, on the whole,
aJ most favorable for gathering
[fops have of corn shown and cotton, and the
ierq great energy and
c&ff Teach to blAcihg of the fleecy staple beyond
injury from unfavorable
weather.
poorest Throughout the state the yield is the
ftjmost in ten bare, years. nothing Today the the fields
6fo in plants
t 9 mature. In other words, the crop is
gathered ihost unsatisfactory. for this season, and There the has results not
are
been in years a season in which the ab¬
sence of favorable climate and soil con-
qiUqns Gi Anted. has been more conspicuously
Where the proper preparations were
made in time and the soil had, even in
moderate quantities, the requisite ele¬
ments for piantjgrowth, and where en¬
ergy and sound judgment have charac¬
terized the planting and subsequent cul¬
adverse tivation, the yield is, notwithstanding
seasons, fairly good. But
where there was late planting, light
manuring, where or no manuring at all, and
the cultivation was slow and im¬
perfect, known. the yield is the poorest I have
ever
The experience of the past twenty-five
years should convince every farmer,
who was allured by the high prices of
cotton lowing directly after the war into fol¬
tUo “ontrerop” system, that an
a gricultural people never made a greater
ttustake than in staking si their all on a
single issue. The making of these suc¬
cessive crops has cost not only vast sums
of borrowed money, but has consumed
time and talent and energy, and worn
out ft soil that once possessed every el,*-
Went for producing, in abundance, all
the crops suited to our climate and sec-
uon. I have been forcibly, indeed pain-
fully, undeniable impressed the past season with
the fact that most of our
inrface soil is lost to us forever, and,
tVen in more favored sections, where
the lands are level, the manifest decline,
iu both plant growth and yield, are so
marked as to cause grave apprehension
for the future success of our agriculture,
This depleting, wearing out system
cannot continue indefinitely, the end
must come ere many years roll around,
and then what are we to do? We have
bad all the teams and every farm appli-
aneb the pulling everything have down reached hill since
bottom, war, we what then? nearly Can show the
and you
me any section of the state where the
farms have been made richer and more
productive dividual exceptions, ? Of course and where there are find iu-
generally you
these exceptions you find
plenty of home supplies and prosperity,
But as a rule the answer to this ques-
tion must ho unfavorable. Tlie truth is
Succeeding our farms are growing poorer with each
crop. We all realize that it
to much easier to exhaust and tear down
than to reclaim and lmild up these old
fields. But they can be reclaimed, and
W$ owe it to ourselves, to our children
to set about the task.
It is estimated that only abont 5 per
cent, of those engaged in trade ever ac-
cumulate wealth, quite a large number
succeed in gaining a comfortable su(>-
rt, but many in all occupations from
Various causes, often from lack of en-
ergy or proper business qualifications,
Can of their object, and these become
th© chronic grumblers and fault-finders
in had every community, and attribute the to
laws and unfavorable seasons
misfortunes and disappointments which
liflVO fallen to their lot.
The 4nrrM«fnV 'Vm farmer ‘ \vi,ie must be a man
Svet -f SSv t t awake and
££X/hto tn take on anv informatio J
woi-k im-ets He'is not -ruin-
bW W Iverv bravelv and natirto srravmles 1
with m diffieultv in his Stic-
cess. as occmvition well as in-
ii<iiv.TiJpiM«« H^eoPifJi from thfJfaet 1 k riunen
tliat the limit of
thisoountrv 1m never
Jh^ferniers TlfJl 1 of L W h i mlP lain- Euroueuti ^necessity coun-
tries. These l^oph, from tu rn n y - ■
.
-
then-depe population forcm„ tin mto
tie most extraordinary efforts to gam a
livelihood, haie leained to exercise the
fi plant adoptnig food, m the coneenna.m^ most advanced tneir and iv oik,
in-
have telligent learned sjstexns the lesson of tarmin„. ine)
which ^ ^ are
just beginning the largest to study and most that is, prontalue non to
yeap from smallest
field the area, lliese
thoughtful, busy workers are demon-
ftratmg that, even under continuous
cultivation, lands can be worKea at a
profit high and degre at he of same productiveness. time kept up to
6
* To realize the utter absurdity ana
hopelessness land iu the or continuing without to cultivate rest
same crop or
Change, one needs only the to yield ride over these this
atate and examine on
fields, which have been devoted thoughtful to cot-
top year after year. To a
mind the sight is a most depressing oue.
W, generally occupy the position
Which vr© make for onrstiAe.,an biglnr
^nuot reasonably hope to fill a
Oue. The farmer who allows his lands
to “run down” year after year and then
expects to realize an independence from
them is making the grand mistake of
^ \ s the man and not the f* 1
that determines ite ^lim It is rine
tfeat there is a difference. in location,
C&RNESVILLE FBiNKL IN COUNTY GA. WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 2 a 1892
these conditions. Professor Brewer
neighbor He improved bought a farm for $20 an acre,
so it that in three years he
was offered &)(M) an acre for it. At his
death it sold for f>50 an acre. In a few
years the purchaser sold it for $100 an
acre to a man who finally disposed of
it for $12 an acre.
In our favored climate nature holds
out to us every encouragement. Let us
read and think for ourselves. Let us
emulate the example of our more pro¬
gressive D plenty and of successful the neighbor. There
room at top of the lad¬
der. only or- nvding and disappointment
at the bottom. Lot us struggle “higher
up,” await where comfort an 1 abundance
us. R. T. Nesbitt,
Commissioner.
Geneva! Remarks.
Since the October report was issued
we have had plenty of sunshine and
warm weather for harvesting cro(>s over
nearly the entire state. Farmers have
availed themselves of the fine oppor-
tunitv and gathering has progressed
rapidly. In the picking southern portion of the
state cotton is far advanced,
and with a few more weeks of fine
weather the entire crop will be gathered.
In middle Georgia cotton is nearly all
opened Georgia and i -Iced, and in no: them
much of the crop is out Corn
gathering and the housing of p» as has
continued rapidly through the fine
weather, and a great part of the work is
completed.
COTTON.
While the fine weather has beer, fa-
vorahle to cotton picking, yet the entire
absence of moisture has not been with-
out its injurious effects. With oc-
lasioual showers the small top crop
Tould have matured, whereas by the
dr)', warm weather, small bolls hav *
been forced open prematurelv. The
lint from such bolls is very tight, and
ju ginning goes largely to motes. From
a careful consideration of reports and
personal observation of the condition of
the crop in a part of the state, we feel
safe in saving that the crop for this
year will not lie more than '13 per cent,
0 f that of last vear. These figures tnke
into consideration not onlv the small
yield per acre, but also the reduction in
acreage. °
corn “ '
The corn crop of this . )ear is . the ,.
ma i’m for a n U nl ) f r
°* 'i eu r . s vv' V\ h‘U' the _crop of f last , ) . ear
'
probably , , in . the northern yield part of the
state exceeded m the per acre, yet
considering the increased acreage am
J| ie J^cld department ini other portions regaids of this the as -fate, t
.
largest crop during the past decade,
grain.
The sowing of wheat and oats
been retarded by the dry weather, but
we trust that the fanners will put in
larger crops of small grain than hereto-
fore. The fall is the proper time to
begin to prepare for a decreased acreage
in cotton, and for bringing up land by
diversified farming. Let those who
have undertaken to renovate their lands
and to make their farms self-sustaining
continue in their efforts, in this the
right direction. The advance made in
the price of cotton leads to the hope of
higher prices, but let it be always re
membered that if a better price is to be
obtained that the acreage must be re-
duced and the size of the crop di
furnished. Over-production of the market, will always and
result in a depression be expected where
living prices cannot hand,
a surplus remains on
work of the department.
Perhaps more than any other depart-
n»ent of state the agricultural depart-
went has been confronted with oppost-
tion - In many instances this opposition
grows out of tlie fact that the work of
the department k not thoroughly under-
stood in other cases out of the idea, that
supported bv taxation the expenditures the
exceed the benefits conferred on
F°P le - It-is true that a part ot the
fnnd that supports this department m
derived from the general fund, but such
is only the cpse liecaus' a great part of
the fees collected through the agency of
the department go to tlie school fund,
in the biannual report of the depart-
ment to the , weni or the fees gratifying collected
regtllt was shown that the
from inspections that come under the
supervision of the department expend!- were
mow than the ample entire to department meet every all its
ture f or in
branches, with a balance in favor of the
0 f over ^:*,.(X) 0 . The season from
w bich these figures were taken was an
nnustla ll v small one as regards the
business done in commercial fertilizers,
am l i s a conservative estimate to
f} ie amount that will be unusually $10,004. de-
rive ^ a n expenditures the change in at the law in
During 1 Sill- 2 of inspectors of
res r ar q to the fees
no t m full force, and an increase
f roia tins source can be reasonably ex-
p ec t ei p
supervision of inspection.
Twodssses of . • iw under the
' ‘benefits the
t > a p derived
the\vo*-k of the department in its most and
tangible form. form The inspection f
whSe iSnefiTthe Stance toAeftmiers
coated. department of was the
The history
fertilizer business (lumense prior to the benefits. inspection In
sa stem, suu" -
;
of ^ „ h ^
fwtihzers were used were found cases
a great disadv antage the worth of the
The following . from the report of the
commissioner to the governor gives
briefly the law on the subject of fer-
tilizer inspection, with some other mat-
ters of importance to the department.
Tlie Ins|>cction of fertilizer.
The imperative necessity for laws
governing the inspection of fertilizers
has been recognized by the legislative
bodies of nearly all the states. The
first law passed on this subject in Geor¬
gia was in 18(58. Being of an experi¬
mental character it was inadequate to
protest against various frauds that
might be sought to be perpetrated, and
so framed that the subsequent large
business that developed would have
afforded immense revenue to the offi¬
cials executing the law-. Under this
law the inspector, or party drawing the
sample, was at the the same time the chem¬
ist making analysis. It was the
* u t- r these officers when requested , ,
Jo. the inspect state, and fertih&rs^t to furnish any certificates pomt within ot
such inspection. It made unlawful for
any person to sell fertilizers without
such certificate of inspection, for mak¬
ing which the inspector received fifty
cents a ton. - The act creating this sys¬
tem vision provided of the for work no general super¬
of the inspec¬
tors, each being an independent officer
in that section of the state in which tie
was located. Naturally, therefore,
When the act of IS 74, creating the de-
partment of agriculture, , was passed the
h ea d of this department was placed in
charge of all inspections. The use of
fertilizers rapidly increasing the neces-
sity for a change in the law became ap-
parent, and tomeet this the act of 18 1 7
was passed. Could this law have been
so executed as to have each shipment
Inspected ample, the but protection the consumption would have be¬
been
came made so large that facilitate inspections in bulk
were to business. These
inspections afforded no sufficient pro¬
tection, as the goods remaining in the
hands of the manufacturer after the
sample was drawn were subject to sub¬
sequent adulteration and manipulation, of
in which event the analysis llie sam¬
ple would not represent the goods sold.
Recognizing endeavored this avoid when I this came class into of office in¬
I to
spections by passing an made order directing
all inspections sacked to and be ready after for ship- the
goods were
ment. With the force at the command
of the department it was found impos¬
sible to make all inspections in this way,
and voidable that that inspections in bulk were una¬
the business might be con¬
ducted without delay. Realizing the
Insufficiency of these inspections I
presented a bill to the last gen-
tral assembly which made a radical
change in the system. This bill became
the law and does. I believe, furnish a
pet feet protection against goods any ordinary
effort to place spurious on the
market and renders any class of fraud
almost certain of detection. Already,
under its operation, honest errors made
by manufacturers in sacking goods have
been discovered and the mistakes recti¬
fied to the advantage of the farmers.
The provisions of the new law are
such that the manufacturer or dealer
who sells troods below the state standard,
places ail himself in danger <>f rendering
void transactions for the year, and of
having the state prohibited opportunities for subse- and
qnent sales. The
chances for detection are so great that
no dealer or manufacturer would risk
tile great loss entailed hv discovery of
illegitimate sales for tlie sake of the
benefits that would he derived from
f ran( i n ie nt transactions. That act totally
al)0 i is hes all inspections in bulk, and all
inspections are made after the goods
leave tho han(ls of the manufacturer or
dealer Brieflystated.it provides that
all manufacturers or dealers must regis-
ter the guaranteed analysis sell of the brand
0 f a fertilizer they >r propose to
offer for sala This guarantee is placed
on rtH . m ,i in the office and is also
branded on the sack, that purchasers the
mav ascertain without difficulty
standard up ‘order to which the goods must
come i n to maintain a high
standard the law also requires all am-
mo niated goods to contain two per cent,
of ammonia, with a total of eight per
rent n e available phosphoric acid and
potash. To give further protection, and
t o better enable purchasers by name
au< i without reference to the guarantee
p urnv something of the goods pur-
phased I passed an order, under th?
T>mvpr conferred hv the bill, requiring
fertilizers offered for registration,
j us , )e cti on or sale bran letl as either of
tiie f 0 n ovv in<r : Ammoniated Super-
phosphate. Ammoniated Dissolved Bone,
Atiimoiiiated Guano. Guano, Fertilizer
or other words, implying that the
? ame is an ammoniated superphosphate claim
p> ne guaranteed analysis must
that it contains not less than two per
cea t of ammonia (actual or {Kiteatial).
After dealer remstration Sorter the manufacturer
or as many tags as he
sees pi-oper. specifying ujxmwh -.t brand
are to used. Th„e
tags are now, more properly da-not _speainug. signify
registration tags, as they actnallv
t i' t t i, e fertilizer has been
sampled, but only that the conditions
precedent to selling or offeringfor sale
have been complied with. When the
sales are made it is the duty of the
manufacturer to notify the
*
are also sent out on general trips through
the territory assigned them, taking sam
pies department wherever found and reporting to the
the name of the brands, with
the guaranteed analysis found on the
sack. While samples are not taken
from every shipment, the fact that a
large number are drawn in every part
of the state, and the inability of the
manufacturer to tell from what samples
analysis will l»e made, upon which de-
pends his future business in the state
and his collections, furnishes, we lie-
“eve, a perfect safeguard.
In regard to the price of fertilizers in
the state, it is gratifying to report that
our farmers are able to purchase at as
small cost as in any state in the union.
Our tonnage tax is so low as not to lie
considered in making the selling price,
which was not the case while the tax
remained at fifty seats per ton. While
the tax is only ten cents per ton. it will
be seen by the receipts from this source
that a sufficient snm is raised to main¬
tain the entire inspection system, and
Without taxation, protect our farmers
from many frauds and impositions. Did
the manufacturers add ten cents to every
ton of goods sold, which they do not.
the farmer could well afford to pay this
small fee to insure him against adul¬
terated and spurious goods, and secure
for him a service that would otherwise
cost him from ten to fifteen dollars. So
of firmly am I convinced of the necessity
a thorough system of inspection that,
were it necessary go support it by gen¬
eral taxation. I believe the state would
be compensated by the amount saved
from burdensome litigation that would
result did no such system exist. How¬
ever, the present tonnage tax has proven
far better than any other method and,
dollars su pporting itself, adds several thousand
the annually to the school fund of
state.
GLANDERS.
the As Executive your Excellency Department, is awaro, and through
direct
to this department, many complaints
have been made by letter, and in cases
of alarm, by telegram, of glanders
among stock in the state. Our laws
make no provision for such cases, and
through your Excellency I would re¬
spectfully General call the attention of the
providing Assembly to the necessity of
some means to suppress and
prevent the spread of this loathsome
disease, without deeming it proper in
this report to suggest the metlio 1. When
it has been within the power of the de¬
partment, without too great an ex¬
penditure. cases have been investigated,
but with no power to act beyond the
investigation, and with no menus at the
command of the department, except
what has been saved from the general
fund appropriated to the department by
economy in other directions, I feel that
the department is unequipped to handle
the matter and to prevent the spread of
the disease now in its infancy, and, in
case of an emergency, to do what would
be necessary to prevent a disastrous de¬
struction of our stock. So far. a wil-
liuguess diseased on animals the part of those who own
benefit of the to destroy them for the
shown; community has been
but should the owner of one
affected animal conclude not to permit
it to he killed, it is difficult to say to
what extent the disease might spread.
At the last session of the general as¬
sembly, introduced Mr. Chappell, bill from providing Laurens
county, a for
compensation when glandered stock was
killed; but that measure did not meet
with the approval of a majority of the
house, and failed to pass. Competent
veterinarian surgeons are of the opin¬
ion that nearly, if not all, the cases
found in the slate are brought in by
Texas stock, and, maintaining this
view, a number of states have enacted
quarantine regulations against such
fact stock, requiring its inspection. The
that this disease not only destroys
stock, but also endangers human life, to
my mind furnishes sufficient argument
why should legislative action taken. of some charac¬
ter be Again, chronic
cases of glanders may remain in a com¬
munity for months, spreading many
cases of the disease in its acute form
without its source being discovered.
Such conditions evidently demand an
Investigation understands by a surgeon who thor¬
oughly l;iis work.
EXPERIMENT STATION.
In many quarters complaints have
been made against the station on the
ground that the expenditures of good were done, too
great for the amount
These complaints are generally based on
the supposition that the fund that sivp-
ports tlie station in is appropriated derived by from the
state, when, fact, it is
the general government, and it duc¬
not appear to me reasonable that any
part of our people should wish not to
receive, or permit the farmers to re-
ceive, the benefit from an appropriation
made by the United States. A s re -
quire. 1 by law, the essential part of the
work of the station has been reproduced
m the reports of this department. That
many of these experiments are valuable
there can be no doubt, if the results
of systematic culture and fertilization
of various characters are of any benefit
to the farmer, That many are unable
to avil themselves of the benefit of the
experiment is doubtless true, but the
lessons taught remain the same. The
commissioner the of agriculture board directors is ex officio
chairman of of of
the station. The board, which is ap-
pointed by your excellency, is made up
of successful farmers from each con-
gressional these district in the have state. The
efforts of gentlemen beneficial been to
make the station to every class
of farmers, and to illustrate to our
fanners what can be done in certain
branches of agriculture. As the head
of the department, my voice in the
affairs of the station is only impera-
tive in ease of a disagreement directors, resulting
in a tie between the other
but the present policy of conducting the I
station has been agreed upon (the after directors, gen- j
eral consultation among
The establishment of a dairvand the ex-
periments ui tobacco show I especially the capabili- adyo-
cate 1. as tending to
ties or Georgia outside of our previous
agricultural policy. The line now being
knefit. pnrsned will. I believe, result in will great
and I hope onr fanners en-
dearer to profit by the experience of th©
tarm established for their benefit.
A word m this report as to the wav
m which the station was established
may not be amiss. The land was do-
nated by the people of spanding cotintv,
and the state crmcimllv has appropriated for l*o,0Q0,
•xoeniad unorovemenU
general tax. The station is operated and
maintained by $15,000 annually set aside
by congress for that purpose
inspection or oils
The change in the law in regard to the
fees of oil inspectors furnishes .» source
of revenue from these inspections. The
object of the law is to prevent the sale
of oil and other explosive substances of
so low a grade that life a ml property
would be endangered In addition To
this the department has been able to
secure oil of a better burning quality
where poor oil has been shipped in tb>*
state,
SEKO.
T'io object and aim of th * dep.trnnent
in sending out seed is not as tom; sup¬
pose. simply to furnish seed for ordi¬
nary farm and garden purposes, hut to
encourage the use of well selected seed
test the value of different varietie.-
direct the attention of the farmers to
other branches of agriculture, so that
whether certain crops can be grown
profitably introduce can eed lie ascertained, have tested and
that been tad
found of superior value.
LITERATURE.
The reports sent out by tho on.? to
give the farmers information, not only
on the condition of the crop; and the
prospect yield, lmt also such informt-
tion as will bo useful on the farm, the
department endeavors to in iko these
reports timely and we would he glad
to receive from farmers succinct reports
of experiments or unusual results ob
tained by certain me; hods of cultivation.
At any and all times the department
is willing to give any inform ttion at its
command, or communicate with <he
department at Washington when news
sarv to ascertain any matter about
which there may make he an inquiry. Ft G
our desire to the department
beneficial to the farmers outside of th ■
supervisions of inspections, and by ever'-
means at our command to advmc**
practical agriculture. In this work of w-
ask the co-operation and support th-
farmera of the state.
CJieesc Mai:in" hi GtMirgia.
BY HON. R. T. NESBITT. COMMISSIONER
OF AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA.
Fro ii t!i ■ So tthorn Cultivator.
On a recent visit to Griffin, while at¬
tending the mooting of the board of
directors of the experiment station, I
was very much.interested in examining
into the details of ilie cht-'se-making
experiment now being tried there. This
industry Georgia. has never Indeed, been thoroughly
tested in it has been
supposed heretofore that the difficulties,
climatic and otherwise, lu-re surround¬
ing making. successful and profitable be cheese- easily
were too numerous to
overcome. But a careful review of
those difficulties, and a somewhat ex¬
tended study of the farm experiment,
has convinced me that the beginning ot
this industry will open another source
of income to our farmers, and its bene¬
fits will be felt, not only in the actual
cash it may bring in, but in the improve¬
ment of our stock and lands as well
The establishment of cheese factories
and creameries in every neighborhood
where they can be supported means a
steady and reliable market wasted. for milk,
nmcli of which is now It also
means more and better stock, an 1 in the
natural sequence of farm economy there
follows more green crops, more and bet¬
ter home manure, and, crowning ad¬
vantage of all, improved and improving
lands.
The arrangements for a cheese factory,
unlike soum other of the smaller indus¬
tries, do not require any considerable
outlay and of capital, and while neatness
care are essential, the conditions
are such that cheese of excellent qual¬
ity can he successfully made at far less
risk than where the milk is sent any
distance to market, or where butter is
the product. In the first case, that is
where the milk is marketed at any dis¬
particularly tance, there is in the mid danger of souring,
summer. In the
second, that is, where the product is to
be butter, tlie variations of the cream
as to quality weather and quantity, conditions, owing some¬ other
times to or
circumstances ofteu disappointment. equally beyond control,
cause In keep¬
ing cows for cheese-making, the factory milk
being established, the farmer sells
at so much the pound, which is returned
to him either in money or cheese. The
price his is fixed: the market- is at his door;
sufficient only care is to produce the milk in
quantities to pay him for tlis
outlay. only added This being dona he has not
to Ins income, but has an-
other wholesome and nutritious items
among thickly bis annly supplies. In almost
every settled neighborhood, one
of the factories might lie started on the
co-operative and plan, several their farmers com-
bluing, one of number tlior-
oughly posting himself m all the neces-
sary details of the work. At the Ex-
pen:;mat station the factory is in daily
operation, and any one wishing mstruc-
tion wdl be welcomed and given every
facility for learning the business. Thero
ts and nothing complicated in the process,
any man or woman of ordinary m-
telligence can. m that) da)s, learn
everything necessary for carrying of on
the work. To give some idea the re-
qmrements I quote from some notes
which were kindly furnished me by
Captain Redding, the director, m re-
sponse to some questions which I had ,
asked. I also give Ins letter, bearing
directly on this subject:
Experiment, Ga.. Aug. 27, 1892.
Hon. R, T. Nesbitt, Commissioner of
Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.:
My Dear Sir—I n response to yours of
the ?5th, I enclose “Notes on Cheese-
making find useful. in Georgia,” which you may
You may add that the cheese made
present summer at the station dairy
has been in great request, selling readily
at the dairy at 15 cents per pound—the
whole cheese. Wherever it has been
lested it has given satisfaction. Mr.
Wing says that the conditions herein
Georgia favorable for cheesemaking, in Ohio, are more
than where helms
been making cheese all his life. Very
truly, R. J. Redding. Director.
rotes on cheese-making in Georgia.
, diameter and cost of building :
Any cheap outbuilding, ail or mere shed. ]
will answer purposes for making j
cheese It is onlv necessary to bedrv
and comfortable for the operator. But I
the curing room should be tight and :
Moee, yet capable of ventilation. A
good 3x10 pantry, in or storeroom, such as
fc e found most well-built farm 1
j
VOE XV! rri —\(). 4-7
,v.u>es. strainers. dipper
«»n<> a <■«»< rmometer. The entire outfit
for a dairy of twenty-five cows will cost
less than $l0b.
3 L’h.* process »i oheesemaking is.
briefly, The as follows:
night's milk is sept in i cool
f* ice until morning when if is mixed
wh i the morning's tailk and all p uuvd
into tile .-hec3e vat and heated up to a
temjRsrHturi* of eighty-four degrees. A
fitnil! quantity of prepared rennet (ron-
netine) is t'uen added and die milk is
constantly the but gently sfirre 1 to prevent
cream from rising) until it com
mences to thicken. In about forty min
utes the milk will become solid, it cur
dies (you would call it clabber or sweet
curds). When the curd lias IkVoin-
pretty firm it is cut mto .small cubes -
about the size and shape »f dice -by
means of th<* curd knives, which is done
in a few moments. Hie he.tc is then in
creased until ib-* curds show a tempera¬
ture of ninety-six to ninety-eight de
grees by the thermometer This heating
is to cause the pieces of nr. I to con
tract, whey thereby is expelling the whev The
then drained away, tod is used
to feed pigs, young lives -to Loin*
fattening food.
The curd is now salteo u he .ale of
one-half aunce of salt to »li. pound ot
curd, and tiie latter is -in loc-.l u» t
press cloth and put inh Mu* »ie-«c n *>{
and pressed until the who t - 111
polled, which will be •«> nlv.ii »\ • i»
minutes The cheese s ■ l>MV I |*111 . -d
from the press hoop. Mispress Lott .<•
moved, and the permanent I >th ban
lage" put on. an l then returned o the
hoops full and press, where it is press-d with
the force ef the press <. rew tod i
'hree-foot lever—the inue* th • Potter
Tlie cheese tismiliv i?m iiio m iii *
press until next liv, n >ig!iteoi.
hours, when if is marked with Life »«
making and placed m t dicti'm h m
ing room to 1 * turned we. weiv la*
and rubbed with the hind The Minuc
room should be kept at about th.- 'em
perature of seventy or seventy life I,-
srees by opening win lows an l loon •
•Tight and closing up luring the lav
The cheese will be ready for i«. >n
from three weeks to sever ii .lionrln i •
may he determined hv the makerdunn;
1 he process of making
4. In the south the momiis ,,i March,
April, October May, .Tune. August, Septemlier
and are the best cheese making
months, but cheese mar he made at any
season. Usual y cheese is made in
spring, summer an 1 fall, and butter in
winter, because butter-making requires
a cool temperature which cannot be se
cured in summer without the aid of ice
—which is too expensive and moon
venieut,
5. How to dispose of milk when not
made into cheese:
It is generally more profitable to sell
milk than eii aer butter or cheese: but
milk will keep only a few hours, and
cannot be sent long distances. There¬
fore the milk market is easily glutted.
Butter-making is the 1 letter way where
a large number of cows is kept and the
local market not reliable for milk.
Generally 'ose-making will lie found
more profit ble than either when
operating with a good sized herd.
ft. In Georgia nine and one-half pounds
of milk are required to mak e one pound
of cured cheese.
7. As before stated the curds may be
manipulated ns to make a long keeping
or short keepiug cheese—say from three
to four weeks to six months may inter¬
vene between making and marketing,
according to the will of the maker.
When a cheese becomes ripe, or ready
for eating, and it is desired to hold it for
a better market, it must lie kept in a
cool room—if summer time in “cold
storage.”
At the last meeting of the board of
directors of the Experiment .Station, ii
was determined that at Ihe state fair tc
he held in Macon in the coming Octo¬
ber. the station cheese factory shall be
in daily operation. Many persons who
could not otherwise have an opportunity
of witnessing the practical working of
such a factory, can there study every
item of labor, experience, etc. The
field is open to any enterprising person,
and I trust such will take hold and
make it remunerative to themselves and
to t he farmers. Every enterprise which
opens new avenues of work and fur¬
nishes fresh sources of income, is a
blessing, and we need all the help which
such combinations may afford us.
Throe iireeft* of Swine.*
A recent bulletin issued by tho Louis-
iana Experiment Station gives the fol-
lowing results of their experiments with
three breds of swine:
There ha* been more demand for red
j erse y g than for either of tlie other two.
The Berkshire aud Essex to be in
about equal favor. The red Jerseys are
g rea t consumers with rapid growth and
f n u development They in fiesh and fat food
consumed. are hardy, good rust-
] er s and prolific, raising as high as three
btters per annum. With an abundance
Q f f^d they are rapid pork makers,
Thoy are> however, omnivorous, and
will eat a chicken, lamb or kid. when-
ever permitted. This is a serious ob-
to tlie small farmer and his good
housewife. Tlie Berkshires share with
the re(l j erw?yg ma ny of their excellent
qualities. -j They are excellent foragers,
an( w ] ien crossed on the native give,
perhaps, They the iiealhty best range and prolific, hog in the world.
are and fur-
n i ;J }, the finest “marbleized” hams. For
a general stock bog they can hardly be
surpassed. They, too, are inclined to
be carnivorous, and should not be
brought into too intimate relations with
young fowls, lambs and kids. The Es¬
sex slow are and emphatically lot hogs. They are
uncertain breeders. They are
somewhat sluggish, and always fat.
They are gentle, kind and indisposed to
extensive foraging. They can easily bo
made to weigh 150 to 250 pounds when
one year old, a size admirably adapted
to the table wants of a farmer on a small
floofprlnts of th© Mask Ox.
Vasey says the hoofp rints of the muw>
ox resemble yiose of the barren ground
caribou so closely as to easily deceive
the unaccustomed eya TV, external
hoof is rounded, the internal pointed.-
Horace T. Martin in Popular Science
Monthly
Arguing is a source of annoyance and
wears ujion the nerves of the listener*.
however they have schooled thcmselve*
to bear and forbear.
CAREFULLY CALCULATED.
Notes Cnthrrrrt from ttrlinblf Source* mill
Condensed for llnrrled Header*.
The rltnncw arc good that luiinns will
aive Jfci.OOf) plurality for Weaver uutt ifiehl
electors
George Son tag. the only one of tbo
three California trstiii roblmrs capture
has Wen convicted. ,
W W. Tavlor, siii to be ono of the
most famous bunko sie.-roys in the world,
was nr rest ed at Omtha.
’1 he i’.o-iton police raided a gang of
3o,t>oo counterfeiters bog silver who dollars claim they have passed
ii in vh-it city.
Monroe onnty. AlHik.tni.-i. 1ms lynch" l
the til Mi negro within two weeks. Four
"ere murderers and the last wa* a fire¬
bug.
William Higleyttriti, torm.-rly of Seda
liji, gineer but at i Oliicngo. eeii; iy, »in has ployed >»* « civil ei
appeared from tuyst r oO-dv *» *s
t Drier < itv.
The regi «ratio i at. X -\v York gives
tv isoti for kclievin r tiint *•' cpy will Im
so over" .-clmiii ;i\ i> -tit .• a i- that t na
state wit i»e sure for Clew-.a ,d.
Iowa is registering an unu-nidlr lv‘ %Y {
voting i. st. and as there are tliomi i m - o,'
desertevs from the II-puli i-an r i:iss i h.»
state is reckoned sure for CleVrland.
Tlioni i - Hill, a cousin of t h - late Gen¬
eral A. I' llili of t tHifederate fame, die I
at New York from th** effects of whisky
Jlis ho e was ,-u 11 ill ..'inr-i ,ii. ,V.
The steamer !*uri:att. vi h w tri » t •
Long Island Sound, r.-»:i into a row b.> i*
containing and fo tr u-n. < la • *.v i> .lr • v ix »
the otii-r tlu-.e seriously hi jure
The first Uussian ste -rage pivseng r t i
rcacli tiiis count ry since t he c.iolefa
antine a r.ved ,:t <i‘iv York <> i the A i
chori.t ft • a <rl-isg«<.* t'.iev are «-j: 1 . o ti
will lie d darned.
The So inlis * at Chinig iare adop a I
tesoluti > is co Kleiiiuing i t • .Vor d’s Fur
dialing • lent for diseri m t n ; ug.un-
labor. t«y cl -sing on S i . lay and a, ,
o'clock tn tii • eVciiiu ;
Lite A met ican igrie.i.' uraliit, 2*v
York, figur •« oat t o • t'oite i Sl .tisjs viie ;
t’ielil for IS'.*' it t.*l. i bnshe.s u.. 1
•he roUon rop it ii,.«».,oii L 4es o.T an
icre.ige of ■•fl.ikil <o
Josvik'i F.mr'ii r. >i -.Uo-.iikve^ei - ;i.i i
poliiof r,.l • .o, (A, - ft fat.?i• 1 ,-
woiuitj-'.i ,li>.,iir, v'otiiiiu, a g i.uiiL'i I’m
trouble :<rv'V « it of Co ; rjii hi Iogvd i.ti i
iiitcy w irit Fonn»;,*rX wut'.
Al8»n in.in. Mexico, U Ini-'-iinl.s werj
citing a store when tiiey w attacked
•i soldiers dlir.c to cuts iwm .-hot
I 'ivn and tin,'i* «:»;•! nv l iIn* olHers >•*-
tai'iiig witii the pin . ,er Foil* *o!.h .
*rfe iliot
Florid t'hr.'Ugii itic .ictio i of t.ix collectors in
i in refusing to rectvo noli tax.
and su •s.-.ji) -ill i of Governor Flem¬
ing in i'i oioviiig «iuc uf tiiem. a contest ii
‘tuv.itoii.-.l uill.di hi iy r suit i:t tlie rt-j e
non of Florida's vrt.; for juvsi.L'ittin! id
or-.
:■ ..ifign N»it-»
riio t<ivv,iger 'iu«*«ui .»t Wurtemberg ii
lead
Count \\ eMerle li.-»-» been nppointel
minister for foreign iiffinr* in tiio Belgian
;abin«t
The cholera record for th« whole o i
Holland shows two n«w cases and ouj
leath Sunday
Twelve new cases of cholera and four
deaths were reported t<> the health official i
of Undo 1‘esth Sunday
fell •James downstairs Rogers, n New York merchant,
in the hotel. Imperial at
Fdinburgh and was killed
Although there have been few cholera
cases nnd no deaths from cholera sincj
Friday, Hamburg will not be declare i
free from the epidemic for some time
The Obse-ver announces that it ha*
learned on the Iwst of the authority that
at the last cabinet meeting it was deii-
nitely decided not to retire from Uganda
Baroness Burdett Coutts lias ordered
the contractor for the fishery schools in
Baltimore, Ireland, to prepare for the
Chicago’s World's Fair a model of the
school *
Tennyson Memorial Service*.
New York, Nov. 2. —A Tennyson
memorial service was held at the brick
Presbyterian Thirty-Ninth cburch, at Fifth avenue
and streets. .Sunday morn¬
ing, edifice by the crowded Kev. Henry to the Van doors, Dyke. The Tho
was
pastor, who was a warm j>ersonal friend
of the late poet laureate, and spent last
summer at his home at Aldworth,
preached a touc hing memorial sermon.
Tlie Night Stick in Itrooklyn.
Brooklyn, Nov. 2.— Police Commis¬
sioner he Hayden, on being asked whether
proposed to abolish the use of tho
night, stick by members of the patrol
force as was done in New York, said he
would not unless recommended by the
superintendent, inspectors and veteran
captains. There were limes, he thought,
when an officer was only safe with a
night stick.
Tlie capital invested in California’s
Vineyards is $87,000,000. Two hundred
thousand acres planted in young vines
are prtxlucing 300,000 tons of grapes and
17,000.000 gallons of wine yearly.
One of the largest camellia trees in
Europe is now in full bloom, near Dres¬
den. Jt was taken from Japan 150 years
ago, is fifty feet high and has an annual
average of 40,000 blossoms.
Miniature boars’ tusks nnd the shells
Mi much affected by gypsies are both of
very ancient origin. What they signify
can l.*o easily found out by any ono who
tares tc inquire.
ACADEMY OF THF
Immaculate Concept's"-’
86 LOYD Sj .
AUAKf/, 1 * % •
Tin's boarding and day tch * .
under the direction of the Si- i -
of our Lady of Merc}’, affords to
youni£ ladiea all thu advantages 01
a thorough English education
TERMS PER SESSION, 1
board, tuition and washing. *76
Music, drawing and painting f. m
extra Studies charges.
will be resumed : r,t Monday
in September.
For further inform tii 0 rd.' e
as abova.
CLEVELAND HiiJ GV
TOCUOA, GA.
D. E. CLEVELAND, Proprietor
^JfiT'Goud Fare, Polite Atu ..i.oii.