Newspaper Page Text
.■ ^ HE OARNESYILLl
ESTABLISHED 1875.
COMMISSIONER NESBITT
His Monthly Talk with the Farmers
cf Georgia.
D n a'- 'vvR' 0 AoRif riTim*- ^Qr,
i ! Go i) w ' c ‘i 1' -1*
The year of 1892 has nearly passed ,
§way, and as we take a retrospective
tJcw of our labors,, our successes and
dtir defeats for this year we find ranch
£od f> consider for earnest and thought. weigh well It is the our giave duty
tesponsilnhties which surround us, and
t making our or.rselvcs arrangements if for another
tear to ask mir efforts have
beenconduc d on t.e a,,.it lines. Have
vo conducted our farms on common
<cnse, business such principles? Have we
managed in yield a way as not only to
f«P the largest from the smallest
|rea A r
Realized the toll beinnts of t.us result,
In planting the our \anoiis crops end we
donsuit ever important condition of
•‘supply did and demand, and, the m disposing
Of them we exercise business
4/*mnen which enabled us to market
tlicm to t.io best cr. rantago. Is it not
too much our habit in tnq hurry, and
oftea perplexity of arranging our uusi-
ness at the beginning of eacu year to
Overlook tnese important questions? In
6ur anxiety we are liable to forget that
the farmers obligations are not confined
to the narrow circle of his own farm
and home, but on each one rests, lr.
part, the uui,y of feening and clodung
the world. A failure m this can but
bring disappointment and suffering to
the busy toilors m otner occupations
|nd trades, and also those who,
R hilo heq>mg us, are not pro-
ducers, whose daily wants have
to be supplier*. It is to the
farmers that these teeming millions
vfirn, not only for their meat and brea.: ,
but for the clotlics winch they wear, and
the farmers alone can prouuee them,
This is their supreme right, and thus to
thorn belongs the lever which moves the
wOrld. Do we realize the magnitude of
0 Undertaking? Is it not our duty
0t only to supply our needs, but to
h?et this demand which the world
makes upon us, and arc we pursuing _a
(system which will accomplish .this
work? To understand this question
more thoroughly let us go back thirty
years. At that tune there were fields in
every section of our state that, without
fertilizer, yielded large returns. With
ordinary preparation and fair cultiva-
tiori we reaped abundant crops of our
Staple productions. We had wide ex-
fames of woodland pastures, which
kl furnished our meat at an almost norm-
cost, and a contented, thoroughly
fed controlled labor system. Prosperity
contentment smiled on every side.
Then came the devastations of war
Mid an entire change m our system of
labor. After this, from necessity often,
but as truly from mistaken farm meth-
Ods, the tenant and renting system
began, and also the pernicious and
false, and I should say, easy and elastic
pl;m |pd of securing advances to the full,
Sops often more than full value of tae
under cultivation. These mis-
fekes have tended to bring about a spec-
tlative system of farming. The ease
4dth which oredit could be obtained on
(fctton and the impossibility or securing
it On any other crop, and the cheapness
Of our lands h ave influenced many
farmers to produce a money crop, or
tather what they hoped would be a
biOney crop, to the exelusjon or those
food crops so absolutely essential to tne
Success, comfort and, and I may say,
fierpetuity of our calling. Granted that
this system is the result of our losses
from a most destructive war and tne
wiping out of old established customs,
it is equally true that it has established
methods which have well
high Time bankrupted has effectually us. demonstrated
the folly of continuing an agricultural only dis-
policy which has brought defeat in us the past, and
appointment and
yet in so-ne cases from apathy, in
Others from a spirit born of despair,
Wo see onr farmers plunging each year
deeper ruin. Seeking and deeper and into gaining the whirlpool the consent of
6f their patient and hopeful creditors,
they brace themselves : for cotton, their thtir new
Work, only and by inciv '\g hope-toretrieve
their money crop, vainly 'This work
ij only failing fortunes. far the new is
new as as season eon-
denied. It is a new year, but it is the
fdme $ie old methods, the produce same old cotton hopes,
same old efforts to a
Crop on credit to oav old debts.
No mathematical demonstrated proposition than this; was
ever that more easily purchase supplies
a farmer cannot
time to make cotton at present the
trices. In nine cases out of ten
losses are so great that he finds his obli-
gations have been increased rather tkax
aiminished by the honest but mistaken
effort he has'made to release himself
trom the relentless grasp of debt. Let
hs resolve on different methods. Ours
is an honorable calling, and farming is
just as much a business as selling
goods, or milling ores and requires far
more study ami preparation. Let fco
man think that he can successfully
einbarb in i f vdd\o”t ; «ome previous ei
Piemrarion Sflrie or H wlecbm cff ei its
?SStwWoi To the “ud man “t who
§XS4lmcVi-rin it 1i4d rim-
;; iurR a “w Uvri J '
\rit vhi-ri'o- pi : w;-1
iie^mwleS
gained from the t-rainwork researches
Of his others as well as that gleaned rieuce. from
own obrervation and exp phyueai
who Uses brain force as well as
strength—to this man, nature opens her
Store house and sours out her m-h
treasures. In studying her *aws tve
Shall realize that each y . r we owe a
dutv to our laud as well as to our rar
lies and ourselves. Wo shall find
tve cannot continue indefinitely to draw
plant food from the soil, ami expect that
soil to remain in frciu'ul condition,
Taking even a small quantity each year
wears out and depletes, and while this
depletion may not be noticeable at the
Start, a gradual reduction both in the
jblant take place, growth and and each yield’of succeeding fruit must
year
(narks a larger decrease m the produc- Ulus-
ce power of the land. Let us
&£^ he
in 4 pounds of ammonia, and when
Realizes his tv ml acreage of one-third of
4 bale to the acre, he has removed from
StESff
gainst Could there be stronger argument Our
our present methods.
CARNESVILLE FRaNKLIN COUNTY GA. WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 28 1802.
gathers, trained -with and cisciplined, a perfect system pushed of labor, ezl
naustmg the
process to such a degree, and
tiu; consequences of our following this
destructive policy are so serious that
• 0 “FT we find ourselves confronted by
conditions which we must meet and
conquer or own ourselves defeated.
lhese unsatisfactory methods do not
meet the demands of our more enlight-
cned age. They are wrong from any
standpoint, and with hired labor they 7
am absolutely- ruuions Vit
- If we ire in debt possible for U i
to lessen- that debt by taring on' mobli-
gations to make a cotton cron, which as
I have already slated, costs under our
present iti the markets. method more than it will bring nS
Lm us study this
tion throughly, consider our surround-
ings, examine carefully the condition
and requirements of our lands, count
the cost and then anply ourselves dili-
gently methods, to the task of ascertaining which
which crops living will pav the
largest dividends. determined
let us use our best judgement and
energy to produce • the best results.
Select some good agricultural publica-
tion. nothing better than "TheSouthern
Cultivator 1 ’ and its contemporary “The
Southern Farm,” both published in At-
fenta, and as you sit around your fire-'
-sides these long winter nights read and
siudy the results which are being anil
obtained in every section by live
wide awake farmers. The day with os
i s passed when we can do superficial
work, because the elements once so
abundantly from supplied by our soil are
unwise and careless management
greatly exhausted. Atiy.one with ordi-
nary intelligence and energy can on
rich land dig a support from the soil,
Only sldll intelligent and properly directed
can wrest success from our changed
condition.. But here science comes to
our aid, points out the trouble and sug-
gests the remedy and common sense
tells ns that we have the condition i for
success in our grasp if we will only eon-
trol them. Science says there are cer-
tain elements necessary to the growth
of your crops, supply these in greater
qtmnties than your crops require and
you Common keep up the fertility of your lands.
sense says you have a monopoly
on a cr0 p which is absolutely necessary
to the world, keep it in proper bounds
and your independence is secured,
Build up a small acreage each year by a
careful system of rotation, green crops
and manuring. Take a few acres and
every spare moment haul out the scrap-
ings from lot. stable and fence corners,
also from rich spots in your woods,
Nov/ and during the winter months is
the time for this work. It has been
demonstrated that stable manure spread
era the land and allowed to remain
during the winter has produced 70
bushels of corn per acre. The same
quantity plowed yielded under only in the bushels spring
the same season 50
per acre. Purchase vour acid, cotton
seed meal and potash now, and during
the bad weather mix these ingredients
on a tight floor in the proportion of 600
pounds' meal. 1,200 kainit. pounds acid and 200
pound,’, German You will save
f rom U to |5 per too. have a first class
fertilizer and know just exactly take what acid,
you are using. Or you can
cotton seed meal and stable manure in
the following proportions and have a
fertilizer equal, if not superior pounds, to stable any
oil the market: Acid, 650
nuraure, 67.5 pounds, cotton seed meal,
2m pounds, or green cotton seed, 875
po uR ‘ S . When land is deficient in
potash add 200 pounds of kainit. In
this formula deduct 75 pounds each, of
groe n cotton seed and stable manure
Again let me warn you not to be led
into the mistake of raising too much cot-
ton. Don’t be tempted to leave the only
true plan to success, that is plenty of
food supplies, and then all the cotton
3-011 can cultivate without having to
borrow more than lb is worth to make it.
The present condition of the cotton
market is sufficient proof and demand.” of the unalter- The
able laws of “supply produce too much
theory that we cannot
cotton is entirely exploded by the ex-
periences of 1891 and 1892. In ’91 we
produced the biggest crop on record,
and the price fell far below the cost pro-
duction,* and who many bought farmers,_ their more
especially those vet struggling to off pro- the
visions are ” pay that
obligations incurred in making reduced
cr(H >. In ’92 by reason of
ai . r ‘ at .-e anil unpropitious seasons, the;
yield has fallen below the average, and
now that this fact is established bounding beyond
controversy, we see the price de-
no in spite of speculative effort to
press it, and notwithstanding the fact
that we have no more money m circula-
tion than we had one year ago when
there was a popular theory that scanty
0 f money an d underconsumption, and
no f over production depressed the
market and was the cause or tne disas-
trouslv low majesty pripe. of farmers by
Had the pur-
sueing a sound agricultural pehey been the
able to hold this year's crop, that is
crop of '92, they would now be reaping
the golden harvest over which the spec-
nlators are rejoicing. It is true there
are farmers who by raising an abnn-
dance of provisions, reducing the cotton
ar ea and by careful methods increasing
the vield while lessening the cost, are
todav reanin- the benefit from their
the? forethought. But unfortunately
^wout are the eveention. The bulk of the
of the hands of the
tlX 4n compelled to see
4; ^d\vearv • of much anxious
44ld4f . V - thalves. toil, enriching others
^/Jraing^ur I ^ me urge
props for ’93 to
remember tin;; wuen ise gtu*. tae ““K
ke s of'the prices w ; . the ui, buyer xve have sees fit to ac f.^
such ns supplies and a
but when we have our the de-
cot .m cron jtwc sumcient to meet
. to
mauds of tra we can, a cerm
extent, diet-ve tne price. Don t aUi
v.-airiv^ to be a cured mm ^ xa^e im.j-
c 3 bv the ore'-ehtmigh pnee 01 cotara.
Thri wiil'be my tot. talk with the
before tne opening 0* p tne mw
f ar nvr.- they realize tne grave re-
vear . JMy whica it brings, and l>> a
suonsibilnics careful u oppor-
VL-e and policy, use >
Vanities to their own best a-.vantage.
R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner.
-—
General Remarks.
A 5 t wU i be the last issued
v Trom tlm tor for the yea? 1892,
" t ' ; during the
^d'ga.hcribg soar
A, correct,-'-while of the crop are we
SPSS sn b-tiintalv ft m
j ^ e inequalities -m in the tae crop cron in different
as
localites of the same section were more
acurately ascertained.
In cotton.
Qications r ‘gairl to this crop the present in-
and reports are that it will be
under rather than above previous esti¬
mates of the department.
While in nearly every quarter the crop
of 1891 for the stem has been placed at
1,100,009 bales, the department from the
b&st information at its command has
never bales regarded it as in excess of 1.000,009
and of the two great crons the
actual production in 1899 as the greater.
yield Taking therefore 1,609,0.33 bales as the
for last year,65 per cent, or 650.000
bales or near that number will be the crop
for this year. These figuaes were given
in the November report since issuing
which reports have been received which
might justify a reduction in the estimate
and which assures us that the vield will
certainly not exceed the amount given.
PICKING.
The gathering of the -crop in nearly
every part of the state has been com¬
pleted and the quantity remaining in
the fields is hardly worthy of computa¬
tion. While the crop was late* the
total absence of a top crop concentrated
the picking within a short time and
gathering than usual. was finished at an earlier date
MARKETING.
As soon as ginned and packed cotton
has been carried to the markets and a
much larger percent of the crop has
been sold up to this time than for several
years.
PLANT LESS.
Let every farmer remember what we
have so ofted said on the reduction of
the cotton acreage and plant less in the
year 1893 than in 1892, with more grain
and forage crops.
CORN.
The total yield of corn in the state
exceeds that of last year. Tho average
yield is not great, especially in north
Georgia but the loss in this respect is
more than compensated by the increased
acreage. We hope to see a large increase
this year and for succeeding years until
our farmers are for the production of
this crop independent of the grain fields
of the west.
SMALL GRAIN.
The season for sewing full crops of
gmall grain has not been so propitious that
as we might desire, but we trust
our farmers have not been detered from
increasing the acreage in their crop. In
those portions of the state adapted tG
wheat culture, we would urge upon
our farmers to study the best method?
of fertilizing and cultivating until all
failures m this crop will be entirely due
to the seasons a id not inproper methods.
farm Values.
r adL'.eS xrm-thon in hWiri his b><t in
Lmve the show-
^JJ 1 ' }S? b the^ t rinfl p e
T tv of wSe dur
Swk llS. Ivme" C th« interest
their effect
SrTSmease that 1 ^ anSper- nearlv the
^4 Jn^rease v-as urban the’vSue fmi
ve4S4 h fi®u?es of
The iW are
Pw clals^I w’ne S aSicuRnral consider
^“laSend HvP Ruon the farm a maioritv livelihood oi
4vriahWor for their
a its financial "arriviim and com-
7n0 rcial sr.andiim In at Dm
cai1f , es tbathaVo led to these insults let
>1 ™ -w ^ lltlon Send w liat the value of itS3 our
g The land
floes not constitute the-farmer’s w0 alth,
but the constituents of the soil are his
- taP if these constituents serve for
the nutrition of plants his land is pro-
^-active and valuahk, is%f otherwise it
^ eMs ^ut little and small value.
- Outride of the productive'features lands, as
fc he basis tilings of the value of our
other are to be considered as
f orra i nP - a'part of the products, valuation. if For the
however valuable the
cos t 0 f making approximates or exceeds
its AV01 -th there being little or no net
earn i R R from the soil, its value will not
be enhanced ~ by reason of its produc-
tj venesg therefore to
* three «reat questions practical and theor-
be considered by the
e trioal agriculturalist are—how to in-
the productiv eness of the so ; h
creas8 of making, and
how to reduce the co ;b
pow to obtain the highest price in the
' "
ma ‘'-Bational v kefe. Agriculture,” - writer
spbfiatioa saj’s a
«q n contradiction to the sys-
tem of fanning is b^ed upon the prin-
c j p } 03 o£ restitution.” with the gath*
The farmer each year of
e red crop takes from the soil a part
if s actual value. This must be restored,
01 , to t i iat ex tent his capital is impaired,
and, like the man living beyond the in-
terest on his monev, consumes each year
a portion of his principal, thus irnpov-
ei .j s hing himself eventually. The rota-
tion of crops as a method Of restitution
lias been repeatedly considered in these
reports When the crops are removed
. remembered
from the soil it should be
that no rotation will restore laud, aw
that all crons exhaust to some exten
cert ainly as to their own reproduction
Tho physical and improved chemical and condition, existing oi
the soil may be
nutritious matter converted into an
avai i a ble form, thus compensating for
exhaustion, accomplished. but no permanent On the improve- other
mei p p allowed to
p-nd f4ia if me crop is remani on
SSmil o', extracting as it has certain
K^dVt values from the atmosphere, returned or
in barn manure in
held the soil will increase in pro-
anctivemss, In any elaborate consul-
^fm the compensation, that the
removed crops it would be nogs-
ss?? to deal \uth eaca cr P <
and schnitific to go_i investigation do ^the ie3, 1 y ^ ^ < 1 . ^re-
prohensives ,0 find -1- se "
p01 . i 3 . however
A study important, or ^ R vrf»ere it is
of viral D--a_ - i - { . -
to i. sumv a-- * RVof
but a.so a .ne ,u a ~
crop , ? „ - n f
H rti lizer
. tha? crop, ^ve £ t >
t,d ; iuaanwa b. m aiw n u 1P
£ it/odsof
merits of ro- > Joa » '’ re-
, gesteng that in Ta
j sronng land,or m nc.din-, rbem t-- to their
preset S n«h
! . crop be pianted ..-Mr "ofithe tat^ ^d^p
tneplant n ^ cron as often
F go{l<
; “ ebe
This mav in a , ^ ^ e ee ^ accom-
^ntaJpile, n U'° ^2 ^ total -Siandonmeu ; the
and farmers have grown
, tSAYhiehafi.Us ‘ A renirning to the soil, plant foo l
care need
bare sm.ua
mg etc. Onr open farmyards too often
lead to injudicious management;of maure
where effort-, is made to husband their
resources and spread over a large area,
without timely saving, our manures
loose half of their fertilizing value. In
fertilizing asking our farmers in preparing and
their land for a crop to con-
side? not only the yield for the year but
a permanent increase in the produc-
tioness of the soil we would emphasize
the necessity of rotation as improving
the physicial and chemical condition of
the soil and compensating for exhaustion
which attends reproduction, and injoin
the necessity of not permitting any
waSt. thing of mantiral value on the farm to
Do this, ajid with judicous U3e
of chemical fertilizer material the value
of our farm lands will increase.
REDUCE the cost of makino.
In rendering onr lands productive and
increasing done tne yield per acre we have
much towards reducing the cost of
making. As approxamately involved the same
amount of labor is in cultivation
where the yield is small as where the
yield is large. In addition to this the
use of labor saving implements should
be studied, and adopted where they can
be a savin'’- in this direction Here it
would noUbe out of place to say that
fine economy can he shown on the farm bv
of tools harness "
a proper care etc. ’
study the market/
Of all questions intermantely related
to profit on the farm the southern planter
has perhaps paid less attention to a study
of the markets than any other.
This result from the fact that our
principal found crop is one that has always
a ready sale for cash. It is the
duty of the farmer to study the wants
of the town, city or village near which
he lias located, ncelities for shipping to
the large marts of commerce, ah .1 their
demand for various farm products. By
doing this lie will frequently find side
crops which he may profitably cultivate
and for which he may be able to get
cash when it is much needed.
The diversification that would result
would noi only be of immense benefit in
restoring ariving worn land but would aid at
at what shoult be the aim of the
farmer of the cotton states, a reduction
of the acreage in cotton and that crop
as a surplus. It may be said by some
that now that the cotton markets has
gone-up it is useless to further urge upon
the farmer.
THE NECESSITY OF A SMALL ACREAGE.
To this we need only reply that
same error will again result in the
disaster, and that living prices can only
be obtained, by a reduction in
amount made. The journey began in
the right diriction, we should not turn
back allured by tho hope of tempo
rary profit when experience has demon¬
strated that if, can bring only ruin. We
wish it was in our power to convincingly
impress on the mind of every farmer, if
we of the south would prosper, we must
make our farmer self sustaining, utilize
every thing of value at our comand to
renovate our wasteland and reducing the
acerage in cotton, plant it only as an in-
dependant money crop. In conclusion
we reeterate, let your doctrin be one
of restitution not spoliation, more grain
grass and fruits and less cotton.
One or Two Plain Truths.
BY IION. R. T. NESBITT, COMMISSIONER OF
AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA.
Freon the November Southern Culivalor.
I know what I am about to say will not
at first be pleasant, or perhaps accepta-
ble, to the majority of farmers, plain but
when thinking men analyze these
truths, they will pardon their first dis-
agreeable impression, for the sake of
the kernel of good that lies in them. I
do not claim originality in presenting
them, they have been repeated hundreds
of times, and the principles underlying-
them are as old as the hills themselves,
but the urgency of our present needs
demands that they should be impressed
again and again upon the minds' of our
farmers, things considered, is the
Farming, all
best business on earth, and the safest,
where the farm'er gives the same atten-
tion to his work that the doctor, the
lawyer, the merchant bestows on his;
but under our present management it is
actually cheaper for a farmer to buy
cotton, than it is for him to raise it!
And this is the crop on which we expend
all our enegie3, all our means, and on
which we depend for our income,
To tho*owner of land, this condition
is deplorable, but to the farmer, who
rents land and borrows money, or pro-
visions to make cotton, it is ruinous.
NV hen we examine into the causes
Which has led to this distressing and
almost general agricultural condition,
we find among other mistakes, two of
greatest prominence, lho first is, tnas*
we have depended little too much on common
fertilizers and too on green mops
and home manures. The history or ap-
culcure throughout tae woild shows that
in those countries wheie commercial
fertilize^ aro relied on ezchisively or
even maii^v to produce crops poverty
anJ
'yith cowune thoroi^h *nf prepai^on ot ? tm-an u i l
that w a ^rtilizer
land m condition to utilize the fertilizer.
prosperity aim riches, even, have blessed
the farmer’s intelligent efforts
It is beyond ccratradic ion that a man
cannot permaaeUy enrich his land with
guanos alone. They they produce do^no-, buiMit anlartific-
lalstunulua, but up.
This “building up” muse oe done by
^^^he fend?° ThfcZ^on
f P v ?c tice of running a furrow, drilling in
iinle plant-in*' commercial fertilizer, covering
and on that, is possitively no
benefit to the land, and often proves of
little beftefit to the crop. And this is
not from anv fault of the guano, the
failure most'frequently of using come3 it. from A most our
mi- *aken manner
iimiortant-■lesson, l^^ which we have got to
that we cannot afford to use
0 xo a-iv* -J fertilizers, unless bv means of
er o p3 and deep plow-
iir<- wo put onr lands in condition to ap-
pro’wiate to the of best these advantage fertilizer, that
wh4 S*ir«»e proportion Sw wasted. Our lands
is need once
brou ., h£ to tbi3 condition we hot
fear to fertilize heavily. The renovatm-
process is “slow and tedious, but until
Uyp nerve ourselves to this task, and
undertake it earnestly^ systemati-
uf
costly, hut it is not . more so than the
pre«mt h.istih prepay- pl»a of 1 “ pDmtmg 1 “'- ‘ .1 large^ a^eas, ildi*->R
-b ^SS5 n
undertaking siSSlvSiii plant
to mwe land than we
thoroughly manage. -There are thbus-
ants of acres throughout the State,
which do not begin to pay for the cost
of cultivation. L.*ave these to the kindly
offices of Mother nature, select only'
your best land, and apply there all
energy, all the manure, which hits here-
tofore been too much diluted by the
“spireaiding” What process. concentration.
we need is If
our last mason's 9,090,039 bales had
been made on half the land which was
used to make that crop, and the other
half had been applied to improved
methods of raising corn, wheat, oats,
grass and stock, how many millions of
money that escapes through our fingers.
would have been retained at homo, and
bo now adding to our prosperity?
The big farms of the northwest have
no - * rale proved permanently profit-
I aUe - The most prosperous communities
are where the farms are moderate in
size, highly cultivated and occupied by
intelligent .and industrious families, who
1 take pleasure and pride ia their business
and surrounding -,
, To make the cotton producers of the
south the richestfund most independent
people of the globe, they have onlv to
cultivate Dss land in cotton, cultivate it
bettor, that is, bring it to the highest
state of cultivation possible and put the
remainder in diversified crops, cultivated
on * ko same l dan -
Matters of General Interest to the Farmer.
The following extracts from the
exchanges culture, of the Department of agri¬
do we believe contain sound
advice • and information of value to
farmers.
CLOVER AS A FERTILIZER, SUITED BEST
TO MIDDLE AND NORTH GEORGIA'
The clover plant yields the nicest ma¬
nures, and that is the stuff that most
farmers most need. Clover gives good
wheat, corn, meat, milk and the cheapest
and best of all fertilizers. Wheat and
clover should take the place of weeds
and sassafras bushesr
I look back over fifty years, and make
a note of the fact that the farms of this
locality on which clover has been grown
with the greatest regularity, are Clover today
tho farthest from exhaustion. is
such a help in solving the problem of
available planfcfood. benevolence that I believe in it to
be a work of to help the
management of it.
There is one blunder, almost universal,
which I believe largely reduces tlie value
of clove*, both for feed, seed and fertility,
and this is the universal habit of pastur¬
ing young clover as soon -as the wheat is
out of the field. I do not think it is
even a wise policy to pasture for a
month or six weeks after harvest, and
believe it better to lay down anile never
to pasture the first fall under any circum¬
stances. This rule I have followed for
twenty years, and believe that I have
been the gainer by it.
As a recapitulation of this article, clover or
rather to enforce it, I say sow
with all small grain, no matter what
crop is to follow it. Use plenty of seed;
it is the cheapest way of fertilizing and
keeping your land clean at your command.
Do not be so greedy for a little feed as
l°al“ma r Ie th ^“ S enonfh Z-er
fining to
+Wr l irnl f -v hv run^ SO hSe* Won -vill in
ri e brad benefit much less
feed anil lepe to the land. Re-
member that n .-a! densely shaded is
can gio.v wi-1 furnisa a* good shade
^BAw'ummiramtimvon'diri V
Sentem’x* r is tlie best month i which
to sow clover; October is probably the
next beat; if not sown before the last of
October it is beriu to . wmt unal I eb-
practice growers'in 1)V most experienced
the southern border of the
clover-growing section, to sow the seeds
certain 1 when clover is sown bv orchard! Ttsffif°or
like
blue grass, etc. If you sow in February
we would advise not to sow with oats or
other grain. There is no advantage to
be gained in breaking the land earlier
than a week or two before sowing,unless
it may be necessary to break earlier in
order to get it into good pulverized condition, and The
soil should be well bar-
rowed smooth. Sow about twelve
pounds of clover seed per acre, if sown
by itself; if with orchard grass, use
eight or ten pounds of clover and one
and one-half bushels of orchard grass
seed. While the surface is mellow and
fresh from recent harrowing, mix the
clover seed with ashes or sifted soil, or
with a good fertilizer, and sow half one
way and half the other, so as to get a
uniform distributionr, then sow the
orchard grass, or other grass seed, in the
same way. No covering, by plow,brush, rain
or harrow, is necessary, the next
will cover sufficiently. If the soil is not
rich enough to bring a half a bale of
cotton, or twenty-five bushels of corn
per acre, it would be well to fertilize it,
using not less than two hundred pounds
of good ammoniated phosphate.
FARMING A science.
Farming ^ . is . a real . science, . and , not ,
m ere id owing and dropping seed rathe
^-6^7 no^ocan do that but to
SO w and plow widi judgement, to nnder-
stand the law of nature, and to take
advantage of these laws means success.
Whoa a £armer S ays-»it is too much
trouble, ! have not the time,” I know
how to gag Q his judgement. Whatever
will give or advance prosperity m an}
business, there is always a time to do-
that thia -^
1 BUoiefESrs .. METHODa.
Of remedies u/orth trying ^ #
many one w
business. That old saw, business is
business, contains a world o. meaning;
^ Every 13 f faimer 111 * 7 ou^at to he a h*e*-raL
or business J 10 m11 man. fai1 as 3 J 5 -
a *h rmer who has .no head , for business
and yoo vvill point to a man who is on
the road to itun.
B yt wbat J° w e m / a!l by
busmens . man. Is(the T . . farme* no pi o-
ducesaounaantcro^ of 1
lea:,t C 3w
^ m 'te tt
SnuS^of ot bMine^sT'-m’^ farmers
in ^44conntrVwho mhs rear afte? vear ottt-* pro-
, nnr i ant C of he best *--•-' 1 •
a njv f
not
“xhe'uecuniary success of farmin-
to eve ry other business, depend* not so
P^nctS much upon J production of abundance of
th. best quality, at.the
XVII—NO. 52
: Ta SSS’Sa? p P nce » a ld to whom shall r'f it be
j ' in „ NOT r aise torn own work
j j AXI ^ ' t vr s
- -
The i olio win . ; from The Southern
Cultivator shows that at 8 cents per
P°nnd, Georgia pays 100.000 bales of
eotton for horses and mules. Can onr
farmers prosper and pursue this _ course?
“A careful estimate reveals the fact
most of the counties in middle
Georgia have for long years, paid, in
actual cash, from eighteen to thirty
1 thousand dollars, annually, for mules
’ am *. horses brought from tho west,
Striding a low average from the entire
state, we find between three and four
m3i Con u<n: irs taken from the state for
stoc,{: that could be raised f »r a nominal
sum upon our own fields. What stup-
endous folly, when it is conceded on all
less j ia!luS coat tjaj than °’ ar m . st(Xck tne can markets he raised from at
which we buy. Grass grows as freely;
our soil produces forage as aonudantly;
our winters are tar less rigorous and
tne necessary case, t lerefore. loss; ex¬
pensuo. a.very t.img is tavoraole to
tu0 enterprise; wisdom and economy
tirge should the_ unmii at least, taking. the Every stoc-ic needed farmer
raise,
upon Ins farm. It greatly helps the
gen .-ml good to hold annual colt shows,
bota as an evicence of progress and an
encouragement to others.
USE MORE FERTILIZERS.
Tlie farmers of the south do not use
enough ferent manure, or to state it in a dif¬
form, they take from the soil
every year very much more than they
return to it in manure. It is easy to
show, that fertilizers pay better divi¬
dends thau any other investment o:i the
farm. The conclusion is irresistible that
we should use more fertilizers ; not com¬
mercial or bought fertilizers alone, but
home manures, composts, green crops
turned under, marls, etc., everything
that will add more to the yield of the
crop than the cost of its application.
To have an abundance of stable or
barny *d manures there must be an in¬
crease in the number of animals fed.
This gives diversity to the farm and in¬
creases the sources x-f income. A well
fed cow will nearly pay for her keep in
manure, besides a good profit on the
butter sold and consumed.
A GOOD MAXIM FOR FARMERS.
Raising cotton afford on poor land does not
pay; I cannot to raise cotton in
lees quantities than bring one bale land per acre,
and in order to my up to
that point must make manure, and the
cheapest is that made from stock raised
on a farm.
❖
The “old beaten track” is not alway m
the best. The “old beaten track” is
not the one that will always lead us
most quickly, agricultir or even New most surely, ideas to
success in >. and
new methods lv vo come up in every
branch of farm p.act ice during recent
years, and man * of them good. have already
been tried and found A preju¬
dice in favor of old ways should not
keep one from being progressive. Read,
study ' and keep up with * times. * *
* *
F W cannot ‘oompellli rmvm-r £ ril as Iona-
- are their
cotton or starve. The situation is an
^fortunate one for our farmers, but
they can b improve it very much here-
f * SLZhluSion loLS
c m coWn so o? etafve.
they must sell their
Tliey can command selling it when sell they only can
live without and to
realize profits. The increase in the pro-
J - ^! g o: * ^ teiKcTiJfthe ^ \ ^ tSffdmectiS ? ‘ 3
. g a te le cy vhi uo n S0 in the
pri c e 0 f cotton should stop. If it con-
tinne s lon S enough if will make the pro-
• profitable and
diiction , of cotton again
our faimeia p.. ^ •-
cultivate well if you have to
plant less.
More work amounts to nothing,unless
there is reason, judgement Judgement and and calcula-
tion back of it. ealeu-
lation are all important iu all undertak-
ings. The know how, the know when,
and the know why, is calculation and
judgement nicely balanced. Labor
without forethought and calculation
will end in failure, or a poor support.
System, plan, methodical ways do not
beget a fussy, bustling or an excited
way of doing things, but the machinery
of action seems to run itself.
Again, a-small-business with small
profits demand long and arduous labor,
There is no expension in some callings;
the field is limited and it will not grow
larger for there is no room for enlarge-
ment. A certain amount of business
can be done in a certain calling, and no
extra efforts will add to it. Take the
newspaper business of today, with a
paper in every county, and in some two
or three. They will have a certain
amount of circulation and no more, a
certain amount of business and no more,
and all the “fuss and fury” dollar, displayed
or put on will not add a but
rather sing money. A piece of India
rubber will stretch to a certain lengtn,
and any more pulling will break it.
Again two farmers—Baldwin and
Milledge—with a mule a piece goes to
farming. Baldwin cultivates about
thirty acres with his mule, everything manures
well, works deoi). plants lie
consumes on the place, corn, potatoes,
etc., raises his own meat, has system,
judgement and calculation in every¬
thing he does, does not rush and push to
try to do too much with his force, and
the result is a success. His cotton
money is all clear gain. calculation, Miiledge*
without judgment and
fo, cultivate, all cotton and tries
£o make one mule cultivate- about sixty
acres. Always in the grass, ground
badly plowed,- everything to buy tha*
he should hare raised, and and though lie
work* harder longer, wears him-
t ’ ^ j 3 a f a ii ure ’ and grows
poorer a nd pQorer eyery ye r< Far bet-
ter to make one acre, well manured,
produce thirty bushels of corn or a bag
O f co tton, than three acres half cultivate
bushels with all the wear bag. and tear, The to saving get thirty. of,
or one
Iabr>r Whatever is ***** mone7 do, do * well, and
you not
to d< ? to ° mu «h. First calculate j
how P a 7 mucb to 7 do , ou ?. it. an ^ men and let ?*** judgment Wil } j
be your every day monitor to keep o»M
1 ‘ op - “
Senator Kenna Cetttog Well.
Washington, Dec. 1.—Senator Ken-
na, although still condned.to hi, beJ. i,
tektes-nsf Hohaa
A POET'S CONFESSION.
Tr? written scores of verses to
Full many a fair and dainty maid
W;m eyes of heaveuly azure buo,
Ilrs-wn, baael, black as aoo of spatis,
Iu f aer, or every eartbljr shade.
And -Tubbed them angrcl. siren, fairy:
B it I nra more than half afraid
My loves aro all imaginary.
I’ve raved about a certain Lu
Until I can almost persuade
Myself that all I've said is true,
Instc: I of just a trick I’ve p!aye4
Tin- na ie i.a simple trick of tra ie)
Had f.u- more rhymes than—well,Say,Jfaj
And so I used it. Why evade?
My lo, -3 are ail imaginary.
I’ve pw -d iovc till I am blue,
Andnwveryet have I betrayed
The fact that 'tucs for --eveime
Those ’.ogling verses ,i!l were made.
Supply icmand ami be n od paid—
IF »- -;;d forveivcs tender, merry.
A hyj ocrite? Do not upbraid—
My ovos aro all imaginary.
Some pools, true, can serenade
The maids they love so gay and airy.
While I can only masquerade.
My loves aro all imaginary.
-ExcnA.'.c.p
Wanton Kiliingf of Buffalo.
John Kirkev is a haudacr,
steamboat captain who has b
master of a great many vessel;
Southern waters. 1 sat with lu :
in liis comfortable quarters in t
steamboat State of Kansas 1*
June, as wo pushed up stv am t
ward Fort Leavenworth, sax's iS
“Detroit Free Press."
- “This is my first trip up t
river since 1857,” he said, “w
I came up here as a cabin boy.
have been engaged for the sea
on this boat because I have b
in command of her all through, t! ;
South.
“When I came up here tho I
time every man on board bail hr -
eral arms lor hunting purposes. 8 -
times each trip we w>
forced to stop, in order to perm .
herds of buffalo to swim across th
river. Buffalo aro fine swimni
and the sight was something vev
impressive. Hundreds of t.
grand, the shaggy water. fellows Sometimes were th sh
in '
were killed, but often they float;-1
down stream wounded or scram¬
bled f. shore to die in the un<L -
growth. It was a fearful slain; !«
ter. Everybody has heard of th *
in wan from ton sliooting windows, that was ind I belie ulg
car but \
the public generally has not bv
told of tho many hundreds of a ;
mals that were killed while swi
steamboating. ming tlie river ia tho old days ;
”
Eorn Head ess.
An extraordinary freak of r
turb has been made public in C.
einnati in the shape of a child bo
without a head.' Not the lea
vestige the of that human most import-.;
part of anatomy v
visible except the month and c
which were of the natural size
formed tlie adjacent part of
neck, as if they had dropp. id into
To -the great relief of the hori
stricken mother, the child li;
only twenty-four hours. The f.v, :
reside near Cincinnati, are .
kno»tii ancl^ luglily respected, ?
the remaining' children who ■
members of it have no impc
m a c . L p1 *' 'thpr naontnl nr fnfniT* nhvsfi -
T l.i^ , i uirm ? Ol f f me , ; iicauieas ii lnift.i.
curred quite recently, and v.
finally made public of" by an. atto:;
an fc or neighbor the faw'
r™ nbaiatrifinn l T n.atLnr :
.
YTiien , asfceu uK-1 f lor . it Lie lactJ, f trail t ..u
,
admitted them,
He declined, however, respect- to
the famii’” vl name out o f '
+ l 0 e .vN- y;* 3 v.io
.
Sired to avoid tne unpleasant p i
licity.
Curious Wedding: Rings.
In tho early rings days of Englar
wedding in were made
rushes, but this age even n
curious materials are someth;
pressed into service when cm; v-
geney demands it.
Many cases are o'n record v.dv
lings of brass or iron and curt
rings and door keys have taken i.
place of the bands of g-old w!i
nervous grooms have mislaid.
One bride is said to have i; -
married with a’ leather imp;,
from a finger of one of her g
and another embarrassed
couple were relieved by as;
tion from the minister t*
wedding ing ring be cut from c vi
card.
do Quakers rings and Swiss the Pr ; '
not use at ■ ' ,t;
ceremonies. The J : u
strong objection to any but
wedding wedding lings. rings 1
are ma 1
worsted.
In _ dry , air . at 92 deg. , ...... M
go tin:
1,142 ieet per second, or n.r
Sr miics se^id p«r hoar* Tn in wa»or " :
J® “ ‘ ’ iron > l i ’“
copper, TORE & f feat, and n.
fro m 16 *?°? fee ,* p r '
ond. 1 A bill heard at a distan¬
45 00G feet m water Could l>« h
earth can ^ be heard m a fcaL Til t
at an elevation of four miles.
a still day the report of a rifle can
b 3 hoard'at 5,300yards. Tho firu
1