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l .W. Nea'on, Prop. J. M.Nt^ion, Editor. VOL. XVI. TP T »ij His Monthly Talk with the Fanners of Georgia. r Department Agriculture, of Atlanta, Ga. Dec. 1 . 1891 . The vear of 1892 has nearly retrospective passed away, and as we take a view of onr labors, our successes and our defeats for this year we find much food for earnest thought. It isonr dnty to consider and weigh well the grave responsibilities which surround ns, and In makiug our arrangements for another vear to ask ourselves if our efforts have keen conducted on the right lines? Have we conducted our farms on common sense, business principles? Have we managed in such a way as not only to reap the largest yield from the smallest area at the lowest cost, but have we realized the full benefits of this result? In planting our various crops did we consult the ever important condition of “supply and demand ” and indisposing business of them did we ex else the acumen which enabled us to market them to the best advantage? Is it not too nun h our habit in the hurry, and oftei perplexity of arranging our busi ness at the beginning of each year to overlook these important questions? In our anxiety we are liable to forget that the farmers obligations are not confined to the narrow circle of his own farm and home, but on each one rests, in part, the duty of feeding and clothing the world. A failure in this can but bring disappointment and suffering to the busy toilors in other occupation. and trades, and also those who. while helping us. are not pro ducers, whose daily wants have to be supplied. It is to the farmers that these teeming millions turn, not onlv for tlieir meat and bread, but for the clothes which they wear, and the farmers alone can produce them. This is their supreme right, and thus to them belongs the lever which moves the world. Do we realize the magnitude duty of the undertaking? Is it not our not only to supply our needs, but to meet t this demand which the worm lUlAi^accomnHsh , makes upon us, this W8ffi? To understand this question more thoroughly let us tro back thirty years. At tl.aMime there were fields in every section of our state that, without fertilizer yielded large returns. With ordinary preparation and fair cultiva tion we predictions. reaped abundant crops of our staple Weliadwide ex panses of woodland pastures, which furnished our meat at an almost norni nad cost .and a contented, thoroughly controlled labor system. Prosperity and contentment smded on every side. Then came the devastations of war and an entire change in our system of labor. After this, from necessity often, but as truly from mistaken farm meth ods, the tenant and renting syst«n and began, and also the pernicious false, and I s.,ouid say easy and elastic plan of secur.ng advanc.es to the full, ciop^ under cuitivatiun. Ti»©86 mis takes have tended to bring about a spec illative system of fanning. The ease with which credit could be obtained on cotton and other the impossibility and the of cheapness secunng it on any crop, of our lands have influenced many farmers to produce hoped a money would crop, be or rather what they a money crop, to the exclusion of those food crops so absolutely essential to the success, comfort and. and I may say perpetuity of our calling. Granted that this system is the result of our losses from a most destructive war and the wiping equally out of old established customs, it is true that it has established temporary methods which have well mgh Time bankrupted effectually us. demonstrated has the folly of continuing an agricultural dis policy which has brought us only appointment and defeat m the past, and yet in some cases from apathy, in others from a spirit born of despair. We see onr farmers plunging each year deeper and deeper into the whirlpool of ruin, Seeking and gaming the consent of their patient and hopeful for their creditors, they braoe themselves new work, and by increasing cotton, their only money crop, vainly This hope to retrieve work their failing fortunes new “1.x same old methods, the same old hopes, the same old efforts to old produce debts. a cotton crop on cred.t to pay No mathematical demonstrates! proposition than this; was ever more easily purchase supplies that a farmer cannot on time to make cotton at present prices. In nine cases out of ten the fosses are so great that he finds rather his obli- than gations have been increased diminished by the honest but mistaken effort he has made to release himself from the relentless grasp of debt. Let us resolve on different methods. Ours is an honorable calling, and farming selling is just as much a business as goods, or mining ores and requires Let far more study and preparation. no man think that he can successfully embark in it without some previous preparation or knowledge of even its eirorlest duties. To the man who farms because he loves it and not sim ply because he can gain a hard living py it, who studies business as well as the most enlightened agricultural methods, who applies the knowledge tSoSiSStoS^mn^IJEi iSHSSHHl! agradilal reduction both in the start, plant growth and yield of fruit must take place, and each succeeding produc- year marks a larger decrease in the tive power of the land. Let us illus trate. When a cotton planter put« his usual 200 pounds of fertilizer to the acre, he has among other elements pmt in* pounds of ammonia, and when he realizes his usual acreage of one-third of year takee off in the eeed alone 8 pounds more of ammonia than he supplies, and the land has to make np the defidit. Could there he (trotter argument against our present methods. Our The Crawfords lle Democrat. fathers, with a perfect system it labor, trained and disciplined, puihed degree, t le and ex hausting process to such a the the consequences consequences of of our our following following this tins destructive TKilicv are so serious that today we find ourselves confronted by conditions which we must must meet meet and and conqnor or own ourselves defeated ------ These unsatisfactory methods do nit meet «u»uc. the demap' UH„ * our <m. more enliglu enedage T v ere wrong from any standpoint' with hir -1 labor they are absolutely ruinous. for If we are in delt is it possible obli- us to lessen that debt by tamng on which, us nations to make a cotton crop, as I have already stated, costs under our present [ methods more than it will bring n the mar kets. Let ns study this qu>« (j on thoroughly, consider our surround iu ,, 8 examine carefully the condition am ] requirements of our lands, count the cost and then applv ourselves dili , 7( , nt ] v to th > task of ascertaining which methods which crops will pav the largest dividends Having determined t j, eae let ug nge , )ur best judgement and enerRy to pro duce the liest results Select some good agricultural Southern publica tion no thing better than "The _ "The Cultivator" and its contemporary Southern Farm.'' both around published in fire- At j an { a an d as you sit your g pje« these long winter nights read and gtu:!y the reS ults which are being obtained in every section by live end w ide awake farmers. The day with us j g passed Jj when we can do superficial wor because the elements or... a t, un dantly supplied and careless by our ar from unwise manag“meu erc-atly exhausted. Anv one with ordi ° intelligence and "energy can o r j c h land dig a support from the soil g B j y intelligent and properly dire do I g kilf can wrest success from our chansre • con< jition. But here science com oar a jd, points out tne trouble and „ egtg ^e remedy and common sense tells us that we have the conditions for guccess i n 0 ur grasp if we will only con t rol them Science says there m-o cer ta j n elements necessary to the growth 0 f your crops, supply these in greater qqanties than your crops require and * keep the fertility of your lands. 5 on up you"have poly o mmon sense says a moo a crop w hich is ibaolnt«Jy in ihiuikI to th» wntia, Keep It proper ann Build your independence each i s-, t up a small acreage >v r by s ana manunn £- ^S^a'fow^acr.'^nnd la * v f a v ®, nr f^fromTot’"stable #,3 ^d , fence Z . corners 0 ' rich snots E ?u hi ln > oUT w "" vL 1 xt ^'thiswork'lt ■ b"""h\ . the time for this work. « h- . n .. demonstrated that Htable.iianuri-s;.r, ; i.i d f }gp § d e r “ 8 r r ' ^ ‘ ushe s ^ p e r a e xt „. gan tt . „ uant i ty p i owe( j under ta the spring same 8 "re. season “ ^^ase yielded onlv in- 50 bus! oi Is feed vour d. c, meal and potash W and during t be bad weather mix these ingredients on a tight j, floor in the proportion acid and of 600 900 poun( P mea ] 1 300 kaKit. pounds £ ndg German You will save rom *4 fc, *0 per ton. have a first class fertilizer and know just exactly takV what } , ou are ng j ng . Or yon can 1 cotton fee.1 meal and stable inauut ill a» f'.ii .wiri? nrnnortious P if^ot a?«1 fertilizer mariret-' eoual superior to e - un the pounds,’ Acid 650 pounds -t- 67 5 * ’ cotton seed m-nl. . cot f 0n g ,, P ,j (375 20o" po^nds^V kaini" j,, I11 ^“^tton • f I dednet std a.ik‘stable 75 urnim?; « d dg of pbosphate gu . Again let me warn you not to be led niistake of raising too numb cot , Tlnn’t he teinnted os‘ to leave “if the onlv r,m n an to HU«-< ha tf‘ rarPonltivate suDDlies aud then all cotton without havin- tom"ke to it is worth iu The present condition of the cotton market is sufficient proof of the unalter able laws of "supply U and demand." The th ^ that WH ca expl.‘h-d ot produce too the much cotto is entjrP l v i bv ex *’ an >91 we i hu ,„ d tl felf biggest far crop on ecord action an( i the nrice P below fa^.iie™ the cost pro ij and who'^Kwurht manv more *E PST>fs „i rt v those ^tivkS nay^o/the their pro gar evets to miking " in that obHgationg J 5 incurred ' _P' j ^ i v rea8on 0 f reduced ? ftnd unpr L-low o P itious seasons, the J, . ^ ' fallen the average and 0 th at this fact is established tevond J?ess R it ’. and notwithstanding the . more monev in circnla than we e J?„„i had one Jrv yeaf th^t ago s^ritv when a P a r th f an<l underconsumption, and , 4, ^causeTthe r , ro a uc tj 0 ri depressed the ^ tn oause 01 lne disas Had the the maioritv majontyorrarmers of farmers bv y nnr- p *1,1^0 ffiTd ^ this ^ark erop that is the ^®f ^h^eJt 2 t h ey would now he reaping d over which the spec u i at far^Irs q rs a re rejoicing bv' It is true tliere „e who raising an abnn ' isir,ns" , f r, r „ v redneimr methodf the cotton f^ ^ careful increasing Jt > v .b ield , , Lq wbfie ' lesserdng Hiefit the r are ip the from their wise" forethought ffhe ex^ption But Thebu?k unfortunately ar oTthe of the ^he^recomp^ned hands of the “ ‘ renuTt to see !h“ r roo fidwearv the of enriching“there murh anxious « „v,t t 8 toU “ r f t b p s V lv e» U-t me urge Esmr R. T. NESBITT, O ommusioner. G««r«i Remark. ’ As this department report will be the last issued from the for the year 1892 , vre desire to thank the correspondent* of the department who have rendered us such We valuable glad to aid note in that their the preparations, estimate* are made from the report- sent during the The fiSussfswssss larg9? increase made in the numbw ie inequalities tn the crop in different CRAWFORDVILLE, GEORGIA, FRID. DECEMBER 9, 1892, localites of the same section were more aeurately ascertained. cotton. In regard,to this crop the present in dications and reports are that it will lie under rather than above previous esti mates mates of of the the department. department, Whilein nearly every quarter thecrop _ __ of 1891 for the state fate has lias been placed from the at best 1,100,000 ' information ...... bales, the at department its command has never regarded, t as in excess of 1 , 000,000 bales, and of the two great crops the actual production in 189 ) as the greater, Taking therefore l.'XH ),000 bales as the vieul tor last year.61 pet cent, or boO.OtX bales or near that number will be the crop for this year These fignaes were given in the November report since issuing which reports have been received which might justify a redaction in the estima te and which assures us that the yield will certainly not exceed the amount given, picking. The gathering of the crop in nearly every part of the state has been com pleted and the quantity remaining in the fields is hardly worthy of late, computa- the tion. While the crop was total absence of a top crop concentrated the picking -within a short time and gathering was finished at au earlier date than usual. marketing. As soon as ginned and packed cotton has been carried to the markets ana a much larger percent of the crop has been sold up to inis time than far several years. plant less Let every farmer remember what we have so ofted said on the reduction of t ] 18 co tton acreage and plant less in the year 1893 than in 1892 . with more grain an <j forage crops. corn. The total yield of corn In the state exceeds that of last year. The average yield is not great, especially in north Georgia but the loss in this respect increased is more than compensated ly the Acreage. We hoi»e to see a large increase until -his year and for succeeding production years of our farmers are for the this crop independent of the gram nelas Q f the west. small GRAIN. The season for sewing full crops of small grain has not been so propitious that as we might desire, but we trust our fanners have not been detered from i" crea 8ing the acreage in their crop In those portions of the state adapter! to wheat cultn re ’ X } T ** °? r far !?’: r8 f to f ’? e9t m ^. hod ,! of fertilizing , and cultivating until all fllil " re8 ln this cr ,°P '^ i 11 he e,ltirel >’ ,ia(! to the seasons and not inproper . methods, - ^ Farm Value*. Governor Northen in his last in augural address gave the figures show incr va!ue the large the increase in the taxable of property of the state dnr ing the past Secide. These figures were gratifying to all who have the interest of the state at heart; but their effect was mared by the fact that nearly the entire increase was urban, and the per centage of increase in the value of farm lands was very small. .The fLures are particularly striking when we consider that our state b -hissed as agricultural, tL.»t uji •? vlrfiood ",.> % our people depend for their and our sta'e for its financial and com mercial standing. In arriving at the causes that have led to these results let us consider upon what the value of our farm lands depend The land itself does not constitute the farmer s wealth, but the constituents of tbe soil are his capital. If these constituents serve for the nutrition of plants his land is pro dnetive and valuable otherwise it yields but little and is of small value. ' Outside of the productive features as the basis of the value of our lands, other things are to lie considered as forming a part of the valuation. For however valuable approximates the products, exceeds if the cost of making being little or iffit its worth, there or will no earning from the soil, its value not be enhanced by reason of its produc tiveness. therefore The three great questions to be considered by the practical and theor etrical agriculturalist are-how to in crease the productiveness of tho soil, how to reduce the highest cost of making, and the how to obtain the price m market. “Rational Agriculture,” the spoliation says a writer “in contradiction to the sys tem of farming is based upon pnn -ftSsrsTp- takes from the soil «» part of ered crop be a restored, its actual value. This must or to that extent his capital is impaired, the and, like the man living beyond each in tereftt on his money, consuineH year a portion of his principal, eventually. thus The impov- rota erishing himself tion of crops as a method of restitution has been repeatedly y^hen considered in these rts the crops are removed from the soil it should he remembered that no rotation will restore land, and that all crops exhaust to some extent certainly as to their own reproduction, condition of The physical and chemical the soil may be improved and existing nutritious matter converted into an available form, thus compensating for exhaustion, but no permanent improve mentis accomplished. On the other hand if the crop is allowed to remain on the land, extracting as it has certain mannral values from the atmosphere, or its product in barn manure in returned the field tbe soil will increase in pro ductiveness. In any elaborate consid oration of the compensation, that the s* s ^ sundard, not only should adopted such crow be planted and rotation as willresult in the least exhaustion, but the plant nutrition of the crop as often aappsaible returned to the soiL nlishsd This m*y and yet In a the great crop degree utilized be^ as aurora- food for farm animals. Commercial fertilizer while we approve their use at the proper time and in tbe proper place have too taken stzOr" to prevent spoliation of their land te -* “ ^ “ d Care should be taken In saving barn- “Devoted to tl pic generally.’' manure, otherwi 1’ will loos© of its valuable a, soiunble property i— ati >n wnst etc. Our open tan: -V too often toinjudicious mam utofaaaure efforts is made t, band their and spread o arg- area, timely their savin- fert value. manures In half of our farmers paring and their laud f op to con not only the yi*. * le or but permanent more - he produc of th« soil we improving , mpHaslae necessity of rot at physicial and cheu on i tion of sou and compensati >r exhaustion attends renrolu , and injoin necessity of not .nittuig f any thing of manure! value lu* artn to . Do this, and w V.ilt DM chemical fertiliz ni sl tee value our farm lands will sue, reduce the cost KIN'O. In rendering our lan. in rive and increasing tqeyield p> a, re have done much towards re/b l th - cost of making. As approvair mvo’ v cultivation me same amount of labor is where the yield is SJUa where the yield is large. In Bndi to tins the uSe of labor saving t outs should be studied, and adopts they Here can be a saving in this A it would not be out of say that fine economy can he «*• farm by a proper care of tools, etc STUDY THE Of all questions in' related to profit on the farm n planter has perhaps paid les* 3 a study of the markets than This result free that our principel crop is c always found a ready sale t is the duty of the farmer wnnts of the town, city o which he has located, ftes j ping lthmr to the large marts oi ao demand for various fai “‘V« -Y doing this he will freq crops which he may pr< ihH i cu tivate and for which he may ame to get cash when it is much ne> The diversification th. mid result would noi only be of«. 11 iflt in restoring worn land b d aid at driving at what shoult .ini of the fanner of the cotton a .eduction of the acreage in otto d that crop as a surplus. It may 1 aid by some that now that the c.»t mark-ts has gone up it is useless to her urge upou the farmer - ™ E necessity of a ■ • ic>o.-4.a* To this we need onl niv that Bin same error will again l I in tile same disaster, and that livia, . m ty b( , obtained, by a r. ti v in “an the amount made. The jt ev V't be ’ In m the right diriction we ni temn™ t hack allured by the * oi rarv profit when exper has demon atrated that it can bri. tv nmi, Ws wish it wasinourpow convincingly .inner* impress on the mnul o "must if we of tho south won1 1 V utilize make our farmer self t maud 3 every thing of '-Mue at to renovate.»ur” icing tlw ' at -‘* " (V s an c depem. we rent -at* * . ^ •>„« or IIy HON. R. T. NESBITT €< e INK It OF AORlCUl .TUto Ol 01 ,IA. From Ilia Uovcral»’ s'onfii«« ill valor. I know what I pi bout say will not at first, be pleasant, --r jierpaps fat accepta¬ but ble, to tho majority of j mors, when thinking men analyse ijieir theke first plain dis¬ truths, thev impression, will pardon foil 1 the sake of agreeable kernel of good that h i** them. I the in » presenting do not claim originality been repoatoiilinndreds them, they have underlying of times, and the principles bills themselves, them arc as old as the but the urgency of our present needs demands that they should W» nilinds impressed of again and again upon the our Farming, all things considered, is the best business on earth, an«H tj the safest, where the farmer c’ves the) same atten¬ tion to his work i in. ioct.or, the lawyer, the merchant iWk on his; but under onr present 11 ageuient it is actually cheaper f i a . *'o • > to buy cotton, than it is for b o t<> raise it t And this is ine crop on riiich voexpend and all onr enegies, all onr fiieau... on which we dejiend for our. in. cue. To the owner of land, t 1 - condition is deplorable, but ‘ Mp/i'-wer, who rents land and bom <ir P ro ' visions to make cott f *umous. When we exaimi ' 8-’ the causes which has general led to tl jwj in/ii l regsing condition, and almost agne, akes, two of we find among other greatest prominence, « first is, that we have depended too 1 ich on common fertilizers and Us. little « green crops and home manures. Tl history of agri¬ culture t hroughout the f-orld shows that in those countries where commercial fertilizers mainly are to relied prods £> u ' 5 r»>p» tu fLlZ even de in and want have res t iq ,. fr countries where it is 11 ion 0 y , v"nction he land, with thorough prepars whicn , , puts the that is a pre .aration fertilizer, land in condition U> utilize the prosperity and riches.even,have blessed the farmer’s intelligent rforte. It is beyond contraction that a man cannot perrnanetiy enrich his land with guanos alone They produce an artihc ia l stimulus, but they do not build it up. This "building up’' must be done by eas?s.f fenc -gy large proportion I* -'the. Onr - lands £ruhzer. one* which now wast brought to this com ’ .* fear to fertilize heave "Tm until until process is "slow and ' -d.o s hot andertake we nerve oarne it earaestly ‘ imd^ t ^ cally, we cannot hop* for agn-nit prosperity. This of nwiatuxi . i" .1^ slso process up" plan is far more certain, far more "sseft w - that s is, r planting ! the second grave ertur, large areas in the uncertain, “slip-shod" manner which has characterized our methods for many years, in other words, undertaking to plaut more land than we thoroughly manage. There are t lions and? of acres throughout for the Siat.\ which do uot begin Leave to pay the kindly cost of cultivation. these to the offices of Mother nature, select on >• your best land, and apply thor. all ! C> energy, all the manure, which h is her- tofore been too much diluted by the “spreading" What need process. we is concentration. If our last season's O.tXXl.OOO bales bad been made on half the land which was used to make that crop, and the other half had been applied to improv -d methods of raising corn, wheat, oats, grass and stock, how many millions >t money that escapes through onr fingers, would have been retained at home, and be The now adding to our prosperity northwest ? have big farms of the proflt cot as a The rule proved permanently communities able most prosperous are where the farms are moderate in size, highly cultivated industrious and families, occupied by intelligent and who take pleasure and pride in their business and surroundings, To make the cotton producers of the south tho richest and most independent people cultivate of less the globe, land in they have cultivate only to it cotton, better, that is. bring it to the highest state of cultivation diversified possible and cultivated put tho remainder in crops, on the same plan, - Matter* of General luten-it to the Farmer, The following extracts from the f«changes of the Department of a; ;• culture, do we believe contain •; ,1 1 advice ami information of value t-> farmers. clover as a fertilizer, suited n. go MIDDLE and NORTH OEOlnilA The clover plant yields the nice • - , nnres, and that is the stuff tl . ... -.t farmers most need. Clover gives -,s.o w i„. at , cor n, meat, milk and the chc io st nn ,j G fst „f r-’l fertilizers Wh it o d clover should take the place of weeds aud sassafras bushes. I look back over flftv rears, arid tunko n note of the fact that the farms of thu locality the on which clover regularity, has beou grown today with greatest exTinnstion. are tho farthest from Clover is such a help in food, solving that the I belivve problem <f available plant it to be a work of benevolence to help in th* management of it. There is one blunder, almost niiiver-ml, which I believe large 1 v reduces the <m hie of clover both for feed, seed and fertility, Rm 11 ■* s universal habit ofnastur 0,1 c i ^ u e L 'd- er a I , j 8 d° , oon not 1 think m uli i* ‘ 0 month Ve V l w six J* e weeks I^icy after to pimture harvest, for and a or believe It better to lay down a nd- o -ver I'nsture the first fall under iiiiy Mri.iim J tanc ® 8 ‘ JUU rule Ihave tn\ mvj tl for twenty years, and believe that 1 have 4 s the a recenitnlation ^SETi®Xir of .,0 this article, , or _ rather , to enforcf it, I say * w L < ' , r with all smell grain, no matter what to tV,, paste-.- "'''r - nest wav of *. Hlizifig and U(l. m nas made growth lining .., the land,for by so you much will less n» the loud run have feed and less benefit to the land Re¬ member that . soil densely slneled is always improved, and that no -dln crop you can grow will furnish as goed shade as clover. HOW AND WHEN TO SOW la.' 1 VF. 11 . September is the best month in vliieh to smv clover; October is probably the next best.; if not sown before the t; - 1 of October It is 1 letter to wait unit !-’■ b runry. It is not considered the li t practice, by the mostexpeiieii- bordt ed c! v.*r growers in the southern r f (in clover-growing section, to sow th ec- is with small grain. Success i m re certain when clover is sown by it 1 i * «r with sumo other grass, like on bard, blue grass, etc. If you sow in IV .roary wo woi ild advise not to sow i\ it.h ats or other grain. There is no advantage to be gained in breaking the land earlier than a week ur twobefore sowing,unless it may lie necessary to break earlier in order to get it intogoisl condition. The soil should be well pulverized aud har¬ rowed smooth. How aliout twelve pounds of clover seed per acre, if .-'C.vn by itself; if with orchard grass, use eight one-half or ten pounds bushels of of clover orchard and on and gran seed. While the surface is mellow and fresh from recent harrowing, mix Un¬ clover seed with ashes or sifted soil, or with a gissl fertilizer, and how half one Wfl iv and ItuB the other, so as to get, a nn (form dis ibutionr, then sow the orchard grass, or Other grass seed, in the same way. No covering, by the plow,brush, or harrow, is necessary, next rain will cover snffieieiitly. If the soil is not rich enough to bring a half a bale of cotton, or it twenty-five 'would be well bushels to fertilize of corn it, per acre, hundred pounds using not less than t wo of gissl ammoniated phoanhate. FARMING A WIENI E. Farming is a real science, and not mere plowing and dropping do that, seed but in the ground; any negro can to sow a ml plow with judgement, to under¬ stand the lew of nature, and to take a/1 vantage of these laws means success. When a farmer says—“it is too much trouble, 1 have not the time," 1 know how to gage his judgement. Whatever will give or advance always prosjierity time in to any do business, there is a that thing. ‘S at^thetaUgJ. h* . farm. r but liu»iDess*man might tsi at the ^Thtre mme time a uoor of™"rmers ’Thereare are a a lar^e large mmhu^atarmm nnrnW VL •hmulSat The i^Lt crotm St of the ^toiuUity and ret live grow C 2 I^«thSv^«notfood t he looser they h^"* the T ‘ r « * A burin« burines. products, ^ t ,U may Yr as questions. What shaU we prciioe, u what quantities, when shall it be pro duced and how, when, where and foi what price, atnl to whom shall it lie sold? WHY NOT RAISE VOUR OWN WORK ANIMALS. The following from The Southern Cultivator shows that at 8 cents )>er pound, Georgia pays 100.000 bales of cotton for horses and mules. Can our farmers prosper and pursue this course? ' V careful estimate reveals the fact that most of the counties in middle Georgia have for long years, paid, in actual cash, from eighteen to thirty thousand dollars, annually, for mules and horses brought from the west. Striking a low average from the entire state, we find between three and tour million dollars taken from the state for stock that could Vie raised for a nominal sum upon onr own fields. Wh it stup¬ endous foltv, when it is conceded on all lmmls that our stock <v 1 lie raised at less cost than in the markets from which we Imv. Grass grows as freely: onr soil produces forage as abundantly: onr winters are far less rigorous and the necessary case, therefore, less ex¬ pensive. Every tiling is favorable to the enterprise; wisdom and economy should urge the undertaking. least, the Every stock needed farmer raise, at upon his fans. It great'y helps the general Kith good to hold atiunal colt shows, as an evieence of progress uml an encouragement to others. USE MORE KEKTIIsIZEIlS. The funner* of the south do not use enough manure, or to state it in a dif foretit'form, they take from the soil every year very much mere than they return to it in manure. It i. easy to show, that fertilizers pay batter divi lends than any other investment on the farm. The conclusion forT.iZere Lirresi-itildethat we should use more ; not com mercial or bought fertilizers alone, but home mannres. composta. green crops turned under, marls, etc,, everything that will add mere to the yield of tho crop than the cost of its api-lication. To have an abundance of stable or barnyard manures there must animals bo an f«*«V in. £T This 1 e i lae *ive* ,' n diversitv G nnuiwr to the farm an l in creases the Heurecs* of income. A well fed cow will nearly pay for her keep in manure, besides a good profit, on tbe butter sold and consumed, a good maxim For farmers. Raising cotton on i>oor land does not fees pay. quiintities I cannot atfoni to raise cotton in f than one halo nor zero, antl n or ,i 0r to ,, r ing my land up to <bat po jut must make manure, iuid the c .b 0 U j H)H t j g that made from stock raised 0,1 ■ fcnu •• • « • « Th e “old beaten track" Is not always th w The .., )M ,„, ah , n track" is pot th „ , m „ , hftt wRUlways lead us )ni||)t quickly, ( a^rieultu or even New most surely, telfttid to ftUCC0HH n m , w m eth<sls ha. .aim up in every branch of farm / practice during recent 1|nd man of them have alrea-ly been tried and found good. A ould preju d) „ # , f , )f « M w „, ah not kis-oone ^ ft-m Mng w-W-sive. Umul, atu y tH)t , W . K „ « # « • or Hu>.... unfortunate one for nnr farmer*, here m., they can improve it very much after by their the own efforts. They long can never command situation so as they must sell their cotton or starve. They can command it when they can live without selling and sell only to realize profits. The increase in the pro¬ duction of fmid crops on southern farms shows a tendency in the right direction. It is a tendency which no rise in the price of cotton should stop. If it con¬ tinues long enough it will profitable make the pro- 1 duction of cotton again and our fanners prosperous. CULTIVATE WELL IF YOU IIAVK TO PLANT LKKH. More work amounts to nothing.unless oulcula there is reason, judgi ement, and tion hack of it. Juu gement and calc.u lation are all important in all undertak¬ ings. The know how, the know when, and the know why, is calculation and judgement nicely balanced. calculation Lalior without forethought and will end in failure, methodical or a poor support. do System, plan, bustling ways excited not beget a fussy, but the or an machinery way of doing things, of action seems to run itself. Again, a small business with small profits demand long and arduous labor. T here is no extsmsion / in some callings; . 1 h- field /* | 1 is - Huiited ... . and 1 -4 It. .„{1I will not . A grow ... larger for there s no nxmi for enlarge ment. A certain amount of business can lie done in a certain calling, and no extra efforts will add to it. Take the newspaper business of today, with a paper in every county, and in some two or three. They will have a certain amount of circulation and no more, a certain amount of business a fid no more, and put all the will "fuss not and add fury” a dollar, displayed but or on rather sink money. A piece of India rubber will stretch to a certain length, arifl any more pulling funner*— will Baldwin break It, and Attain two mala with a a pi<*oe tt rmM to farming. Baldwin cuItivat<*H nl»out thirty acres with hi* mule, manures well, works deep, the place, plants everything potat/ais, ha consume* on corn, etc., raise* hi* own meat, has system, judgement and every¬ thing he does, doe* not rush and push to try to do too much with hi* force, and the resnlt is a success. His cotton money is all clear gain, Mfllcdge, without judgment and calculation, wants to cultivate all cotton an/1 trie* to make one mule cultivate about, sixty acres. Always in tho grass, ground badly plowed, everything raised, and to though buy that he he *honld have work* harder longer, failure, and wears him self out, he ia a and grows joorer and poorer every year. Far bet or to make one acre, well manured, produce thirty bushels of com or a bag of cotton,than three acres half cultivated with all the wear and tear, to get thirty bushels or one bag. Tho saving of labor is making monev. do, well, and Whatever yon do not try to do too much. First calculate how much you can do, and what it will pay you to do it. Then let judgment be your every day monitor to keep out Wild dreams of speculation, and hope over without san¬ guine expectations, back it. reason to Senator Henna OcttlDg Wall. Washington, Dec. 1 — Senator Kea na, although still confined to hi* bed, le eo much improved that it ie thought all dafiger of a relapse hoe paaeed. Be bee bad another good ni|tit’e wet. Terms gi oo, NO. 49. P.P.I CURES ALL ArU 1 ' AND BLDDD D15E/ 7 Ph/tkiaiui »r,Jori# with I*. as r *pfsi »nd prMtrftt* It freat Mtlafert'vu for Oir*» of all forma and stages »( Fri m»rv. ^Mofiila- <TV 1 2 Xi P JL "P <| [pH .;l)i Cures e • scro icera anil c>.ou« »wu eeillnge, have re«Ute4 Rheamatlar ail treatruofit, , MnSet old that « ■ xx*\, | MRMT“ ; RSirr^ ■w r «TTW! twlal P, P, IN 1 P. Ison, Tetlor, Rcal.l Head, etc., •!«. Is m iwiwevfnl ten I c, and an «* itlf‘ r. ,1»' B peildrii|( the eysietn rapidly. * whose systems eve pc Unne4 and Whoa* h oc mi la ia ejs hi.pur* •.■ndltioR. due to li -,«;nU na.l lrraii!>ylU Id*, a 15* EMm. cleansing .Miil.rTybtOsT—lbTlf. iir«.|ieri»ei ol P, P. wo.it.itnT!'"' P_, T~ V hv end Potvssfnin Prickly Ash, I.c-ol *P,P Pf « Mm DY 5 i&i P-’J LIPPMAN BUM., Propvlotom, Orucstsu, U W uuui’» Block, Bi.AXSAH, QL. m ism.,: m IjKvn ■■■•m H ■ BJ:- r ;v-^ , , • • __ 1$ *h‘ *vt i‘k mlj ■u k l ‘ ’Hitiilk . <*>. ~ 1^ ■ nil . mi* gr rasTBiSwa ATI ART A, 6 HA 1 TARMM, AiUHYriU, CIHCtMKATI, LOUISVILLE, ASHEVILLE, AND SUMMIR RESORTS. mat xx, laiio. ftruMNwirk . 11 :»• p.m h: Ar M Jt’RIIJI. i tt.ffl. 10*.' i 1 A. fit. aoom n Ml 4 'c- p.m. L v Mtuwn n fn 4:4‘l p.m. A r A I lain A 10 JMI u in 8 r 10 p.fft. Lv A 111 * III A n.fRi 11 in ■ N ] "0 P to. A r |Umn> I:ft** p.m. _ 00 it m, Ar Ar • I.ohImvIUb fmtunooita ?‘ 5 A.mil 7 lit A* III, ... . i :t J. 1 tin Ar < l.#» ni 7 <i p m. Ar kftoxvI! _ •.aft P i.j /.WA.niu Ar Hot Vforrl*(owr»..... Hprlng* 10 •:10 |> m I 11 V:'.!/* H if/, A r 10 p.m ft 17 V Ar Athavlll* urn I - 4 *. A r OI»du firUfedn.. ..... Ithftft p ni.jl'’ t put. Ar WythAvliU Hnrf n (pi is I .-(tin. in. • Hf p.m. At u III. I i \f> p.m . Ar ItoRMOkn . I l ie a m 7 m p m Ar Natural Urld** . i V 5 H) n m l * «2 p in. A r Lb ray !'2; 1 .1 im. A1 Ar Lynri.hEirfTTr l>t«sr«*>v»rg. Jlliftt f 7:20 H.lli . ! ».*> + .a. ..... I u.m j____. Ar Norfolk .. 2:0h r> nn 'train iMiivIng ____ IlruiMWlck at il <op in c.L«fl<H» rullni utn HlMtinor* ItruriMwi' k to AtiKMtnar»A Full' Diati Kurr*-t Hi«»p*>r« Jarknonvlllf in Cinf*tiifistl CMMiift tlMg at HtimR with throuRli f * , •**■■ w HiMitfn WmHiIijkioii. tor ami at rhattnfioogii wilt* N Train Mamphls arv«! tM# at i.a» Waul l**»vliiv Hrtimnvl' k a.m, fimiifi Wurtin wlfli f'liiiman Rlaapar for Uhnitati'no »>>n , ut A llanu with Pullman 8n*«r»«*r for KnoivHfv »Iim» Conritiotlunii ar« matin with puilnmn Nln* j t-r tor PhllMflnlphia ihavlllp. ami N*w York, and Jl< t Hprtnga artft A summer excursion TICKZTSwui Cvt twocentm s" mil. ir»r«IM <■ | 16 th, l«k), food to lt*ttirn h*fon* N'.i if let , rn ^ rl . d to u-u. TRxnk Appl . ti.s.i a,.,,.. .„ m joi.lt, N<._ 7 S w..i 111.10.4 n»r Sc. e....m-r J«. k.-n.lii. ui». C oJs'iV.M ,l 1 ,! W. VG.CiiN, » M i *t“»- o, pRH«n tf« ar'At xti.sta, u. l«"I VIM Tmm» -AUGUSTA — -‘.STEAM LAUNDRY.; -Orric* xjrn Wos- _ ft1A olAeittCk^Oll . . St-j ~ August A ft, (f*i .. First CIms WorK GB:;rHnte**d Wors turned ever te the Dzmixhat vrtl n sent down, for further lmfoi .- ' n ee tfie Kdlto*. AprUb/ _ a —kf« s »' »/A« e»r eg— iad - MARBLE NOffUMENTS - an# STATUARY. ——fisrAwTKK DmacT. UIRTKIOTOR m Salle lug *t<Mk*. --SUIT FOX — CHAMPION IRON FE 7 MD.. •grTbe Beat In tbe B .i id DestoMl Original Dmtfna 1 LO» I'KiOslf Bend for them OIBm tad Sleaa Wutkx, k 531 Bmd St, AUGUSTA,Ot, AS Werk Guaranteed. xeplt.