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CECIL RHODES, SOUTH AFRICA’S “UNCROWNED KING.”
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fm Diairad Mines
of Kimberley.
Coal Rt\ode;; Controls the Richest
Prize in fill South Africa
etS N this country and
iA jiS> |j|2 in tention Great .Britain has been at
Awife of ° Kimberley, * t0 ° S e c,t and 3
'SB niE I / 'V this time the inter
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— est has been mar*
SSf'V'j -Jfr-y rial; for Kimberley
'X js the borne of Ce
/oil Grand Rhodes, Young the Man
0 ^ y of Africa. T h e
Boers, according
to some accounts, at the beginning of
hostilities were anxious no less for the
blood of Rhodes thau for the rich
booty of the mines. described
Cecil Rhodes is ofton as
“the man who made South- Africa. ”
Mr. Rhodes was formerly Premier of
Capo Colony, and is certainly the most
prominent aud powerful man in South
Africa. He has achieved that place
in twenty-six years. In 1873 he left
Oxford because of a serious lung
trouble, and went to the Cape iu
search of health. He is the youngest
sou of an English clergyman, and was
bom at Bishop Storti'ord, on July 6,
1853. He did not go to South Africa
to seek diamonds, but because his
physician had ordered a change. IIo
continued his studies while living in
Natal, aud returned to Oxford each
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K1MDKULEY, SOUTH AFRICA’S GREAT DIAMOND CAMP.
year until he took his degree at Oriel
College. much that
It is hardly too to say in
Mr. Rhodes has made his fortune
diamonds. Diamonds had been dis
covered in South Africa a few years
before he got there. Finally he, too,
caught the fever, and it was not long
before he had staked all he had in a
few claims, These be shaved with his
brother, Herbert, who later relin
quished his share and went to the
north, where ho met his death while
hunting elephants. Cecil plodded
away in the diamond fields, where he
superintended his gang of Kaffirs. He
was successful in his ventures, and it
was not long before he found himself
the possessor of some $5,000,000.
He was elected to the Cape Parlia
ment, and by his piolitical adroitness
was made Prime Minister in 1890. He
sought and won riches, but it is un
fair to assume that he has done so
solely for his own aggrandizement.
With tho advancement of his personal
fortune he has also striven to rea’ize
an early dream of bringing Africa un
der British dominion.
“That’s my dream—all English,”
he said, many years ago, moving his
hand over a map of Africa up to the
Zambesi. Coupled with the aeqnisi
tion of wealth, he has labored toward
that end.
i One of the results was the Matabel9
war and the defeat and death of King
Lobengula. The Jameson raid across
the Transvaal border was probably
due to the influence of Cecil Rhodes,
for ho lias never denied complicity
with it, and as its result he resigned
in 1890 as Prime Minister of Cape
Colony.
Kimberley is the diamond region of
the world, far surpassing those of
® ra2 ^ * Q richness. Kimberly is not
a city iu the modern use of the word.
It is a great carup iu which men’s pas
sions rise and fall as the treasures of
tho earth are uncovered or not found.
The camp is in what is called the Vaal
Basin, the wash ground of the river
which divides the Transvaal from the
Orange Free State. The first diamond
discoveries there were made about
1870, but it was ten years later when
Englishmen and others realized that
the spot was tho most valuable of its
kind in the world.
By 1881 the mines which had been
opened had yielded gems to the value
of $20,000,000. By 1887 seven tons of
diamonds had been taken out valued
at $250,000,000. This record placed
the Brazil diamond mines in the
shade and made Kimberly world
wide in its fume. The Cecil Rhodes
syndicate, known as the De Beers,
came into control of all the mines after
much negotiation. This syndicate is
capitalized for $75,000,000 and pays
interest at tho rate of 5} per cent, per
annum and an annual dividend of 20
per ceut. Since Cecil Rhodes came
into control of the mines they have
given out 2,500,000 karats of diamonds.
To got at these it lias been necessary
to wash 2,700,000 loads of the blue
earth in which they are found.
In the working of theso diamond
mines there are employed about 1500
white men and 6000 natives. The
greater proportion of these men are em
ployed iu the De Beers and Kimberley
mines, the two biggest holes which
greedy man lia3 ever dug into the
earth. The De Beers mine has ;ui
urea at the surface of thirteen acres
and a depth of 450 feet. The mines
are worked from shafts suuk some
distance from the original holes and
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j xaffir podice at the diamond mines.
penetrating to the blue gi-ound by
transverse drivings at depths varying
from 500 to 1200 feet. The blue
ground, when extracted, is carried in
small iron trneks to the level*. Upon
these levels the blue ground is worked
until the gems within are extracted.
Tho process of extracting takes from
three to six month*. The stones
found vary in size from a pin-head to
the largest ever found—428$ kavats.
This largest stone when cut weighed
228} karats. It is one of the ex
periences of tho mine owners that
they lose from ten to fifteen percent,
of their product each jyear through
the thefts of employes, who, although
closely watched, still manage to get
away with their loot. The punish
ment for stealing a diamond is fifteen
years’ imprisonment. All diamonds
except those which pass through
illicit channels, are sent to England,
the weekly shipments averaging from
40,000 to 50,000 karats. The grsat*
est outlet for stolen diamonds is
through the Transvaal to Natal,
where they are shipped by respectable
merchants.
It is said of the Ithodes interests in
the miues that they take good care of
their workmen. They have built a
model village called Kenilworth with
in the precincts of the miues. In this
village are cottages for the white
workmen. A clubhouse has been
built for their use and there is a pub
lic library. The equipment of tho
mines is something remarkable. Each
mine has ten circuits of electric lights.
They consist of fifty-two arc Iamtm of
1000 candle power each and 691 glow
lamps of sixteen and sixty-four candle
power each, or a total illuminating
power of about 64,0(10 candles. Thirty
telephones are located in each mine
and over 100 electric bells to each for
signaling. The lives of the workmen
are insured and every precaution is
taken to make their condition tolerable.
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TYPE OF THE NATIVE DIAMOND MINERS.
The rate of wages runs from $2 to $8
per day, unskilled labor receiving the
lower price. What effect the'closing
of the mines by war have on the world
at large is hard to say. Diamonds
have already risen in price, but there
is a largo stock on hand in English
and French hands.
The Great Corn State*.
“The great corn States, according
to the statistics of last year,” writes
John Gilmer Speed, in Ainslee’s, “are
in the order named, Iowa, Illinois,
Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Indiana,
Texas and Ohio. Each of these States
grew iu excess of 100,000,000 bushels,
while the total of Iowa was 254,999,
S50 bushels. This year we are prom
ised from Kansas alone in excess of
3o0,000,000 bushels. Montana, among
the now btntes, grew the smallest
amount of corn last year, and Rhode
Istaud among the old htates. In
Maine, New Hampshire. Vermont
Massachusetts, Connecticut, North
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming and Wash
iugton all of the corn grown was con
sumed at home, practically none of it
being transported beyond the county
iu which it was produced. The other
States, according to the amonut grown,
shipped corn to other parts of the
country and abroad. In price the
corn on the farms realized all the way
from sixty-six cents a bushel in Mon
tana to twenty-three cents in Iowa,
the general average throughout the
country being 28 7-10 cents per bushel.
In 1897 this general average was26 3-10
cents; in 1896 it was 21 5-10 cents; in
1895 it was 25 3-10 cents, and in 1894
it was 45 7-10 cents. In the latter
year (1894) the production was short,
being somewhat more than twenty per
cent, less than last year.
___________
It is a singular fact that Washington
and Oregon have yet no iron or steel
works within their borders.
GOOD ROADS NOTES,
Shell Concrete Pavements.
“Tho shell concrete pavements of
Macon, Ga.,” says Stone, “are attract
ing considerable attention at present,
and the following particulars concern
ing them appear in an engineering ox
change: The material used is n shell
limestone similar to tho coquina of
which buildings wore constructed iu
St. Augustine while it was a Spanish
colony. There is a bad of this stone
abont thirty miles from Macon, which
was discovered during the construc
tion of the Georgia Southern and Flor
ida Railroad some years ago. Part of
the roadbed of that railway was made
oi it, and it bardenod into such a dur
able form that several carloads were
brought to Macon and laid about the
freight station, where it resisted the
wear of the heavy traffic unusually
well. After it had been iu the service
for four or five years, the city paved a
street having one of the heaviest
grades in Macon with it, and this first
street gave such satisfaction that sev
eral more have since been paved in the
same manner. About 35,000 square
yards are now in use, and petitions for
10,000 more are on file.
“The stone is crushed and laid ou
the sub-grade excavated to receive it.
The layer is about seven inches deep
at first and is consolidated by a fif
teen-ton steam-roller to a thickness of
six inches, being sprinkled at inter
vals. On heavy grades a gutter is
formed by mixing cement with the
stone. Tho pavemont costs from fifty
to sixty cents a square yard,which in
eludes crushing and labor, and is re
ported to last well and remain un
usually free from ruts, It .has been
found to require comparatively little
sprinkling and to sweep well, although
a softer broom than is generally em
ployed for street sweeping must bo
used ou it.”
The Dairymen Interested.
Ex-Governor Wm. D. Hoard, the
President of the National Dairy Union,
is a strong advocate of good roads; his
experience has taught him how essen
tiat they are to dairy farmers. Mr.
Hoard has most forcibly stated the
case from the dairyman’s standpoint,
“Modern dairying,” says Governor
Hoard, “is usually grouped around
the oreamery and the cheese factory.
On good roads, where from one to two
tons of milk can be hauled to the fac
tory with ease and safety, the cost is
naturally lower than where a much
les3 quantity can be hauled. It fol
lows, then, that the condition of the
roads is a direct living factor in the
cost of hauling. A limited calcula
tiou would give you, I think, a new
view of the situation. There are in
one State, for instance, about twenty
five hundred factories and creameries.
To each one of these every morning
there comes an average of, say, forty
farmers with their milk. Now, that
number of farmers or creameries rep
■ resents 100,000 farmers who certainly
ought to be interested in the improve
ment of roads from a business stand
point. In all kinds of weather, every
morning iu the year, rain or shine,
good roads or bad roads, must they
take their milk a distance varying from
half a mile to five miles to the factory,
and haul their skim milk back over
the same route. Dairy farmers, as a
rule, are the most enterprising and
progressive of any class of farmers,
Does not their own fortune as well as
good name require that ‘they get
together’ at every cheese factory and
creamery aud unite co-operatively for
an intelligent building of good roads?”
An Exhibit at Paris.
The Department of Education and
Social Economy of the United States
Commission to the Paris Exposition
will have a comprehensive display of
photographs, showing good and fair
roads in this country, at the great
French show. The departmert has
requested the assistance of the United
States Department of Road Inquiry,
aud that in turn is working with the
League of American Wheelmen iu
making the collection. The photo
graphs will be suitably mounted, aud
with each will be sueh descriptive
matter as the L. A. W. officials have
collected in connection with each ex
hibit. One resnlt. of this exhibition
will probably be a complete jnstiften
tion of the work of the L. A. W. in
agitating the good roads question, for
when the American exhibit is coin
pared with what will be shown by
European countries it will readily be
seen that American roads are far be
hind the age.
Etliics of Asphalt.
We are jnst beginning to realize
that a change from a mud road to an
asphalt street is not merely a ehange
in case of traffic. Asphalt has a dis
tinctly elevating influence on any
neighborhood. It replaces dinginess
light disorder with orderliness,
, ect with pr0 g res3 . People at once
begin to paint their houses aud place
th „ ir j awae in or der. Other people lias
wiU be ; past . Their street
], ecom „ a thoroughfare.—Syracuse
Post-Standard.
Mississippi AjjitiUliiff.
The good roads movement has
reached Mississippi—at least the agi
tation for good roads has. But many
of tho planters, who would be most
benefited, are reluctant to let the
overseers have their mules to work
the road plows, and the Board of Su
per visors are threatening to levy a
few mills extra for road tax and have
the work done by contract,
Automobilists Should Help.
That the automobilists will have to
lake a hand in the agitation cannot be
disputed, for under present conditions
there are comparatively few roads in
;hi3 country suitable for either class
K vehicles, aud the automobilists
must have good highways as well as
the wheelmen.
oldest pictures of mankind.
Karllexr Known Urnwlnir* of 111* llumaii
PvofllH llinforeroil In JCgj’pt.
Long centuries ago, in the “early
dusk and dawn of time,” at a period
which was ancient in the days of the
! Pharaohs, some primeval artist in the
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OPR race’s first photograph.
land which is now Egypt scratched
upon a potsherd the picture of a man
and a woman.
pjeased was his tribe with that image—
came in their hundreds to scan—
Handled it, smelt it and grunted: “Verily,
this is a man.”
A few months ago, when excavations
were being made in a little unexplored
part of Egypt, one of the relic hunters
came upon this potsherd. Little was
thought of the find at the time, but
the finder, an archteologist of Berlin,
was showing it the other day, along
with his other Egyptian relics, to a
German savant, who at once became
interested in it. The savant begged
to be allowed to take the potsherd homo
and study it more closely. His request
be j ng gnuI t e d, he did so, and now he
bas given his opinion that, the draw
i U g S on the potsherd are the oldest
representations of mankind in exist
ence. He believes that they are at
] east gqo years older than anything of
the kind discovered before, The
Egyptologist who owns this relic calls
the pictures “The First Man and
Woman.”
A reproduction of the pictures is
given hero. It will be noticed tbat
the man wears a “goatee” and that the
woman in the case ‘has a prominent
nose. They in' were evidently people of
standing their day aud generation,
leaders of society, or king and queen,
perhaps, when they sat for their por
traits to the Egyptian Ung.
Stored Energy.
“You didn’t act with yonr usual
fi re and enthusiasm,” sa'id the ae
quaiutauce. Stormington
“No,” answered Mr.
Barnes, “an actor sometimes finds it
necessary to husband bis powers for a
supreme effort. I was saving myself
f or the argument with the manager
^hen the box office receipts are
counted.”
Tlie Had Fenny.
Again the Bad Penny turned up.
“I’ll make you look like thirty
cents!” cried the other, losing all
patience. be
“Wouldn’t that counterfeiting?”
insinuated the Bad Penny, with a
malignant leer.
Of course the end did not justify the
means, particularly in the federal
courts.—Puck.
For the Fair Automobilist.
Paris may properly be called the
home of the automobile. There cau
b e no doubt that it has won its way
into the heart of the Parisienne, who
misses no opportunity to take long
rides around Paris and into the ooun
try. Even stormy weather will not
deter her from venturing oat, and in
order to have protection against the
rain the smart tailors of the French
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A. parisienne’s MOTOR CAR COSTUME.
capital have designed a very service
able costume. A fair idea of it can
be had from the illustration, The
costume has a military appearance. It
is made of dark gray waterproofed
covert coating with stitched leather
strappings.
The most costly leather in the world
is known to the trad® as piano leath jr.
44 You Can't Catch the
Wind in a Net”
Heither can yea cure catarrh by local
applications. It t> a consifintianat disease,
and la cared by Hood’s Sarsaparilla b e .
cause it is a constitutional remedy. R
expels from the Hood the impurity
<v>hich causes the disease, and rebuilds
and repairs the inflamed SaAAafmik membranes.
Tm*!
Up-lo-Date Tommy Alkies.
Tommy Atkins is still regarded In the
Boer homestead ns the poor man in a
red coat and a white helmet who
stands up to bo shot at; whereas if the
Boer were to see tho Natal garrison in
the field he would be thunderstruck to
find that there ia not a rod coat or a
white helmet among them; that Tom
my is almost as clever as the Boer
himself In taking cover; and that his
uniform is such that he can scarcely
be distinguished from the dry grass
through which he is wriggling his way.
—Transvaal Critic.
A Curious Discovery.
At a depth of twenty-seven feet a
curious discovery was made recently,
a Berlin paper says, on the island of
Gothland—the skeletons of several
knights in full armor seated on their
horses. Archaeologists think they date
back to the ninth century.
QUALITY AND NEWS.
Fame and Excellence Are Determining
Factors in Successful Development.
ONE OF THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS
OF HIGH-CLASS NEWSPAPERS.
In present ing interesting phases of scien
tific and economic problams, high-class
newspapers frequently give Information of
as great value iu their advertising columns
as in those devoted to the publication of
the principal events of tho day, uud when
the fame of a product Is extended beyond
Its natural limits into foreign lands, unda
large demand created throughout Great
Britain aud her Colonies and the principal
soa-ports and cities of Europe, Asia and
Africa, it becomes a pleasant duty to note
the fact aud to toll of the points of excel
lence on which so great a success Is based.
We refer to the now world-famed laxative
remedy, Svrup of Figs, the product of the
California Fig Syrup Company. Tho merits
of this well-known excellent laxative were
first nmde known to the world through the
medical journals and newspapers of the
United States; and Is one of the distinct
achievements of tho press. It is now w-ll
known that Syrup of Figs is an ethical
proprietary pliysloiaus remedy, approved by the most
eminent everywhere, because it
is simple uud effective, yet pleasant to
the taste and acceptable to the system, and
not only prompt In its beneficial effects,
but also wholly free from any unpleasant
after-effect?. It is frequently referred to as
the remedy of the healthy, because It is
used by people who enjoy good health and
who live well and feel well and are well
Informed on all subjects generally, Includ
ing laxatives. In order to get its beneficial
effects, It Is necessary to got the genuine
Syrup of Figs, which is manufactured by
tne California Fig8yrup Co. only.
When one woman praises another the
praise Is usually tinted with sarcasm.
How Are Toar Sidney* f
Dr. Hobbs' Sporaffus Pills cure all kidney Ills. Sam.
pie free. Add. Sterling Remedy C«.. Chicago or N. Y,
There Is poetry in flowers, but the verse
makers tight shy of the chrysanthemum.
^DrBuirsN Cures all Throat aud Lung Affections.
COUGH SYRm
\is Get the genuine. Rcftise*ubstitutes.
Dr. Bull's Bills cure Dyspepsia. Trial , so for $0,
BAD
BIL© © ©
“OA6€A»ETS <2© all elaflmed for them
and ar© a truly wonderful medicine. I bare otten
rrUhod for a mcdlclu© pleaftant to take and at last
bar © found ft in Oe-fccareCa. Since taking them, fflf
blood !*afl beou purified and my complexion bas
proT©d wonderfully and I feel mucb better in every
way.” Mrs. Sal lie E. Sellars. Luttrell. Term.
CANDY
m CATHARTIC
vmfefo. TRADE MARS nEWSTBReO
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... CUHE CON STt PATS ON. ...
SterHag R«»*tSy CotnpanT, rbie»{r«. flfoatreal, Ke w York, 51 9
M9-T0-8A0
CURE YOUR HORSE
of Spavin, Curb, Splint, Capped
Hock, Sore Tendons, Cuts, Kicks,*
Bruises, etc., by using
SLOAN’S
Also an invaluable remedy for man.
When taken internally it cures
Cramps and Colic. It is the best
antiseptic known. dealers
Every bottle is warranted. Sold by
and druggists generally. Family sire, aje
Horse size, 50c. and $1.00.
Prepared by EARL S. SLOAN, Boston, Mass,
Parish’s ink
Used by millions, suro proof oJ
v
its quality.
{SALESMEN WAITED!
W Rerger- Wood Tobacco Co. .Gr<*ena»boro,
$10 FGN $1 Fortunes in stocks: invest $5 to
i? 1C0 and get $1000 fer $100 sl1 ™'
scf e as a bank. Iteed – Co., 129 S. r»th St., PLila., T a -
25:01:51;
~
CUfitSVWEfiEALL Syrup, Tastes fcLSEFAILS. Good. Use
Best Cough drurrgista.
in time. * Sold by
flag“