Newspaper Page Text
§ THE REAL CUBAN
O 8 —
By Albert Gftrdncr Koblnton.
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T HE posite of the the people United race. Philippine of States, Cuba, The early Islands are like ft years those com- and
of Spanish occupation saw Spanish
blood commingled with that of the so
called “Indians” whom the discover
ers of the Island found in possession.
Later Spanish settlement established
lines of distinct Spanish blood, and
produced also a further cominirigliug
In varying proportions with the na
tive blood. In later years a measure
of linmlgrallon followed from the Im
mediate surroundings. The French
man and the mixed French catne from
Hnyti and San Domingo. The mixed
Spanish came from Mexico and North
ern South America. Slave trade
brought tin* African negro, and the 1m-
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A COMMON TYPE OF CUBAN COUNTRY HOME.
poftation of coolie labor brought tho
Chinese.
P The color line is far less definite
thuff it 1 r in the United States. The
census of 181)1) gives the following de
termination: White Cubans, 1)10,2!)1);
white aliens, Including Spanish,
French, English, German and Ameri
can, 142.108; negroes, 234,038; inulat
tocs, 270,805; Chinese, 1-1,857. Com
pared with earlier census returns the
negro and tho Chinaman show a
marked'-“reduction. The returns of
1802 give; Negroes, 422,000; Chinese,
34,000.
Somewhere in this somewhat hetero
geneous lot there Is the type which
may be rightly called the Real Cuban,
the Cuban race type. I place this
type, aud I believe with entire cor
rectness, on the soil. He is the peas-
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CUBAN COUNTJIY CHURCH, PROVINCE OF
PUERTO PRINCIPE.
nut, the farmer, el liijo del cam
po (the son of the country, 11 s distinct
from the man of the city and town),
lie is tlie man who is locally known ns
the guajiro (wnli-hce-ro). Taken
broadly, this class will Include white,
black aud mulatto, though the great
er unmoor are white. In Cuba the
term "white” lias a latitude which is
not recognized in the Anglo-Saxon
race. The swarthy Spaniard may
owe the darkness of his skin to some
old drops of brownish blood from the
long years of Moorish occupation of
the peninsula.
Numerically the guajiros constitute
probably some sixty or seventy per
cent, of the people of Cuba. At the
present time an exact classification is
impossible. The processes of war de
stroyed the homes of many of the
class, and they have been forced to
seek such employment us might be
open to them. This they have done
with a patient and submissive endur
ance which Is out* of their chief char
acteristics. Gradually, as best they
can. they seek to pick up the threads
of the old life, to return to the spot
of the old home to build anew the sim
ple structure aud to resume the old
The type of dwelling occupied by
the guajiro is misleading to those who
are unfamiliar with the world's peas
ant aud pioneer life. It Impresses
such as a hovel which can only be the
home of poverty, unthrift aud social
degradation. So does the rock and
mud hut of the South African veldt,
the liumpy of the bush settlor of Aus
tralia, the nipa but of the Filipino, the
dugout of the Western pioneer, and
the log cabin of the mountaineer. Y’et
each uses for his dwelling that mate
rial. whether it be earth, stone, brick,
wood, bamboo, or palm, which Is most
readily and economically available for
his purpose. The nipa hut of the Fil
ipino aud the log cabin of the moun
taineer may be and often are quaint
aud picturesque. Tlie cabin of the
Cuban guajiro seldom suggests any
thing other than the crude aud the
primitive. Yet, like the corresponding
homes of other lauds, the roof thatch
may shelter a very worthy man, a
good husband aud father, a hospitable
host according to his means. The
rudeness of these houses is no true lu-
dex of poverty. Wealth tho Cuban
peasant doe* not have, yet Ids little
industry will and does give him ns
large n percentage of what he wants
and needs ns thut which fulls to the
lot of ninny who would be disposed to
pity him. A hut. n few ncres4»f laud,
a few forming tools and nn ox mnke
him well to do. Two oxen and a
horse will number him among tho af
fluent.
The guajiro is usually a small farm
er. He cultivates lor his own needs
with such surplus as he con for sale
or exchange to gratify sueli desires
or ambitions as he may have for him
self or ids family. Ills life culls for
very little. He needs no store of fuel
for n bitter winter; he needs no over
come, no shoes for bis children, no
buggy In which to drive to town; lie
needs no barns of buy and grain to
feed his cattle through a long winter.
Cotton and calico will clothe the fam
ily, and the women of the household
will braid a straw hat that is best
suited for the climate. Carpets would
be a nuisance and a home for fleas.
In all that, the life Is primitive in the
extreme.
Ah a rule, the guajiro is illiterate,
and satisfied to be so. The outside
world Interests him little and troubles
him less. School facilities have not
been abundant under the Spanish
regime, and there is some question of
his enthusiasm over tJio introduction
of school systems under the American
control of Cuban affairs. Newspapers
reach his vicinity, and there is always
some one who can and does read aloud
for the edification of the community.
All this, the rude home, the narrow
life, the Illiteracy, is not to he unchar
itably charged against tlie guajiro to
his discredit.
America’s special interest in this
group at the present time Is, or should
be, in its place In that political future
01 ! the Island in which America is so
deeply concerned, aud for which she
has assumed such important responsi
bility. To some extent tlie guajiro
took part in the Cuban insurrection.
Yet it is doubtful if anything more
thau a small percentage took any ac
tive part in the operations. The great
majority of the original followers of
the Instigators of the revolt of 1895,
like those who • supported the earlier
Ten Years’ War, were a less responsi
ble element, consisting of plantation
Held hands. The raids of Gomez and
Maeeo, westward from the home of
the insurrection In Santiago province,
demoralized and, in large measure,
destroyed the productive activities of
the central and western provinces.
Some of the small peasant farmers,
roused by the enthusiasm of the move
ment, joined the flying raiders and be
came Its most effective lighters. Many
remained passive, and constituted the
class known as the paciflcos, the
peaceful, the non-combatants. Some
of these materially aided the insur
gents with such as they had to. give,
though unwilling to take active part.
There were few, whether they were
active or passive, who did not lose
their little all. Insurgents and Span
iards seized their crops, their cattle
and their poultry for “the needs of
the army.” Often their homes were
burned, sometimes in wanton destruc-
SUGAR MAKING IN FORTH RICO.
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the freshly cut sugarcane. 2—Carrying sugarcane to the mill.
,3.—Modern methods for quickly handling a big crop. 4.—A typical
proach to the house of R rich Porto Rican.
- —From Haroerg Weekly.
tlon, sometimes In alleged punishment
for their attitude. From this class
there came the large percentage of the
unfortunate reconcentrados. Upon
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A GUAJIRO HOME.
this class the burdens of destructive
warfare have fallen most heavily.
Bullied planters may be numbered by
scores. Iiulned guajlras count up Into
the hundreds of
The few hundred of great, planters
In Cuba are an essential feature In the
island’s development. They are the
employers of thousands of laborers.
Their rights and their privileges are
an important consideration In all Cu
ban affairs. Without them, our sugar
would be a costly and none can
say what Cuba would be. Yet equally
if not more carefully to be considered
in Cuba's political future, Is Cuba’s
sturdy and peaceable peasantry. The
guajiro Is a peaceable inan, tractable,
easily governed, asking nothing save
justice and fair taxation from
rulers. He Is no discontented mis
chief maker. Ills greatest desire is to
live la quiet, cultivating his little
farm, chatting xvith his neighbors,
disturbing none and desiring that none
disturb him. His Is no “strenuous
life,” and advocates of that sort of
tiling may regard his life as contemp
tible, yet It Is the life of the majority
of the world’s population.
In tlie politics of the time this man
has little place and his voice Is little
heard. lie is probably the man who,
in days to come, will determine what
fashion of government Cuba shall
have, but he is not yet ready for such
definite determination, and he figures
hut little if at all in the plans and op
erations of political leaders. He now
has no political organization, though
such of his type as cast their votes In
tlie recent election doubtless voted
with the Cuban National party.
He is the backbone of Cuba, and
Americans, in their consideration of
the island and Its political and social
needs, should give due place to the
guajiro, the sturdy, patient, tractable,
peaceable, plodding majority. — New
York Independent.
Snap Shot From CBlna.
The clash of tho eastern aud west
ern military methods In China during
the past year lias brought many
strange things into the public eye.
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ORIENTAL CAVALRYMAN.
None of them, perhaps, is more amus
ing, from the western point of view,
than tlie camel cavalryman shown In
the accompanying picture. The rider
is a Sepoy of the Twenty-sixth Balu
chistan Regiment—a British East In
dian soldier—and his steed is a part
of the loot taken at Patachu.
The average value of the annual
raw r silk exports from Syria may be
put at 55,000,000.
SUBMARINE PETROLEUM.
rroject Afloat to Sink Oil Wells in tlie
Gulf.
Texas capitalists are now Interested
In a company which will drill for oil
in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been
discovered that a considerable oil field
underlies the Gulf a few miles outsldo
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of Sabine Pass. It is known as the
“oil pool,” and the surface of the
water there is perpetually smooth from
petroleum which floats up from the
bottom.
The proposition now is to sink pipes
from the surface, which, alter pene
trating tlie bottom, will be sunk far
enougli to tap the oil supposed to ex
ist in large quantities in subterranean
caves far beneath the surface of the
Gulf.
Preserving Milk by Charcoal.
A rather unusual meuiod of pre
serving milk has recently been brought
to public attention in England, the
chief feature of which is the use of
charcoal. It is asserted that charcoal,
if immersed in milk, will absorb all
the impurities resulting from the
chemical changes which are constant
ly taking place. This simple treat-
Clip,
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NOVEL MILK PRESERVATIVE.
ruent, it is asserted, will preserve milk
ix a sweetened condition for seventy
live hours in all climates. In applying
the principle for household use the
charcoal is suspended in the bowls or
f^Ftchers used after the manner illus
fxated. The holder consists of a fine
wire gauze receptacle, with thin metal
arms attached for its suspension.
New charcoal has to be used on each
occasion. As applied to the dairy
man’s needs, the charcoal is contained
in two perforated metal cases, one In
the bottom of tho churn, or can, and
one attached to tlie inside of the lkl.
Evolution of the Horse.
Dr. Gidley, of the American Museum
of Natural History, of New York
City, recently spent some time in this
city studying the type specimens of
fossil horses preserved in the museum
of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
These specimens were described years
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G O
EOCENE*' niOCCNE 7 PUoCCNE RECENT
EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE’S FOOT.
ago by the famous comparative anato
mist, Dr. Joseph Leidy. The study of
fossil and recent horses is one of the
most interesting and convincing of
evolutionary theories. I 11 Eocene times
the ancestor of the modern horse had
four toes, so he could run over the
marshes. Later, in Miocene times he
lost one toe from disuse. Pliocene
times saw only the central toe predom
inating, when In the modern horse the
extra toes do not penetrate the skin,
and are only recognized anatomically
as the splint 'bones.—Philadelphia Rec
ord.
An Australian Snapshot.
This picture is produced from
photograph taken at Parramatta, a
flat, hot, and sleepy town, a sail of an
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hour and a half from Sydney, Austra
lia. up the Parramatta River. Messrs.
Adam aud Eve are both enterprising
business men, and appreciate the ad
vertising value of tlie firm name. It
is interesting to note that, as drapers,
Adam aud Eve are in a very appropri
ate business.—Profitable Advertising,
— ■ ■ ■ ....... .
---
Tlie owners of automobiles in Ohio
constitute a new force in the good
roads movement. There is a plan un
der way for the building of a boule
vard from one end of the Stare to the
other, touching the cities and largest
towns.
(^ood j^oads f^ofes
In tlie South.
s ENTIMENT among the citi
zens of several of the South
ern and Middle Western
States, notably Louisiana,
Mississippi, Illinois and Tennessee, in
favor of improving the highways, is
just now at white heat. Under the
direction of the National Good Roads
Association mass meetings aud con
ventions arc held in many of the cities
and towns, and tin* subject of good
roads is discussed and dilated upon
everywhere by champions of the
movement with earnestness and un
derstanding. On the strength of the
benefits which, unmistakably, have
resulted from smooth and permanent
highways wherever they have been
built, the good roads agents are striv
ing to impress upon the people that
the maintenance in their respective
localities of roads that are sensibly,
not to say scientifically, constructed
Is a duty they owe to themselves and
to succeeding generations. The agi
tation certainly is producing impor
tant l-esults.
Leading newspapers in the States
mentioned are doing much to help
along the work. The New Orleans
Times-Deinocrat, for example, has
printed a series of interviews with
representative citizens in various parts
of Mississippi and Louisiana, and
they leave no doubt of tlie sincerity
and vigor with which the good roads
movement is" conducted. We quote
some extracts from interviews with
residents in three large towns of
Louisiana. A progressive landholder
says:
“It is for the agricultural interests
to realize that they can haul twice as
much of their products over a good
road as over one poorly kept. I don’t
know anything better for this parish
than the inauguration of a movement
of this kind.”
A prominent physician expresses
himself time:
“Good roads, like good schools, are
the most inviting objects to immigra
tion. Coupled with the fertility of
our soil, good roads will surely result
in bringing hither capital and immi-
A large Louisianan planter takes
this view of the matter:
“Good roads are an object lesson to
the capitalist, home seeker and man
of moderate means. Wherever he
sees good roads he is assured that it. is
a community in which he can safely
invest, satisfied that he will have good
schools, quick and easy transporta
tion of produce to aud from market,
and everything which can he desired
in an enlightened and Christian com
munity.”
Here are the opinions of a wide
awake farmer of the same State:
“There is no surer, safer or more ex
peditious way of building up and de
veloping the resources of a country
than by tlie construction and main
tenance of good roads. They will al
ways invite the home-seeker, as well
as the capitalist, each of whom is as
sured of easy transportation to mar
ket for his produce, as well as of edu
cational, religious and other advan
tages incident to such a combination
of happy circumstances.”
A prominent lawyer and planter
says:
“The absence of good roads fre
quently means a lower market when
products reach their destination; loss
and delay from the failure to receive
articles promptly when needed, and a
large loss resulting from the wear and
tear of vehicles and horses and pay
ment of increased time to teamsters.”
We might go on quoting almost in
definitely similar opinions gathered
by the Times-Democrat from citizens
of Louisiana and Mississippi—muni
cipal officers, bank presidents, cler
gymen, wholesale and retail mer
chants, farmers and others.
The good roads sentiment in the
part of the country referred to has
^ undertaking f™ tly on stin ; the l ;, lntod part )y of h ?, the re< T Na- .
tional Good Roads Association and
the Illinois Central Railroad, to riln
a train, specially equipped for practi
cal road making, from New Orleans
to Chicago. The “Good Roads Spe
cial,” as it is called, has already given
demonstrations in road building at
New Orleans, Natchez and Vicksburg.
It then proceeded northward aud
stopped at fifteen or more places. At
each place a specimen road at least r.
mile long was constructed and left as
an object lesson to people who would
like to have open highways twelve
months in the year.—New York Sun.
Tried Both Ways.
Some of tlie inmates of a Yorkshire
asylum were engaged in sawing wood,
and an attendant thought that one old
fellow, who appeared to be working
as hard as anybody, had not much to
show for his labor.
Approaching Him the attendant soon
discovered the cause of this. The old
man had turned his saw upside down,
with the teeth in the air, and was
working away with tlie hack of the
tool,
“Here, I say, J remarked tlie
attendant, “what are you doing? You’ll
never cut the wood in that fashion.
Turn the saw over!”
The old man paused and stared con
temptuously at the attendant.
“Did ta iver try a saw this way?” he
*‘ W ell, no.” replied the attendant,
“Of course I haven't.”
“Then hod thy noise, mon,” was th
instant rejoinder. “I've tried hot. £
ways, I Iiev, and”—impressively—“this
is t’ easiest.”—London Spare Mo
ments.
What John Likes.
"Ot course.- said ex-Congressm*.,
John I draw Allen, for serving “the $416.66 a month th ?
as a member of p,
St. Louis fair commission is small
very small pay for r ,
a man of my
vantage tinguished of coming ability, but it has the u 7
with clockwork re
ularlty, and that is what gets S
believe in regularity.”—New me. i
World. York
Tito Trust Problem.
To a thoughtful mind, th® trust problem
on® of serious import. It b® ‘, i.
grappled w.t for it must fi r ll
i. creep, upon society
fore you are »wtr; of its eiistsnee in th'i*
spect much resembling the various disorrl.r' r
which attack tho i tnmach, such ns consti
tion indigestion, dyspepsia, biliousness iw
and kidney troutfUr. Hostetler. Stomach
Bitthrs is the one reliable remedy for all u
'•jlments. Be sure to give it a trial. uu *
A new French steamship line i„ to i
established between Dominion and French
Nature Needs
Assistance only. Many of the cases of seri.y,.
illness could be checked at once with a do.,
of Crab Orchard Water, taken in time ™
The man who has the greatest confi.
dence in himself has the least in other
people.
See advt. of Smitiipe*i,’s Busines s Collm*
Time flies, but the bandmaster can beat
it.
Each package of Putnam Fadeless Dtr.
colors more goodB than any other dye and
colors them better too. Sold by all druggist*
Of 2000 pigeons set free at Spandau, the
majority 160 miles, readied Hamburg, a distance of
in three hours.
Some people act like fools and other
people don’t have to act.
ladles Can Wear Kline®
One fire smaller after using Allen's Foot.
Ease, a powder for Ih? feet. It makes tight
or new shoes easy. Cures swollen, hat. sweat
ing, aching f< e . ingrowing nails, corns and
bunions. At nil druggists anil shoe storei,
28c. Trial package FfiEE by mail. Addro-i
Alim S. Olmsted, Le Boy, N. V.
Myrrh, which comes from Arabia and
Persia, avas used as medicine in the tune
of Solomon.
Best Tor the llowels.
No matter what ails you, headache to *
cancer, you will never get well until your
bowels are put right. Cascarf.ts help nature,
cure you without a gripe or pain, produce
easy natural movements, cost von just II)
cents to start getting your health back. Cas.
in carets Candy Cathartic, the genuine, put up
metal boles, every tablot has C.C.(.
stamped on it. Beware of imitations.
The frog is a kicker, but the tish get*
along swimmingly.
FITS permanently cured. No ft ts or nervous
ness after first day’s use of Dr. Kline s Gres;
Nerve Restorer. $2 tidal bottle and treatise free
Dr. B. H. Kline. Ltd.. S81 Arch St., Phils, i’a
The self-made man never thinks of
apologizing fur himself.
Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup for c'lililrei
teething, tion,allays soften the gums, reduces inflarimv
pain, cures wind colic. 25c a botti*
It is easy to fell into a fortune without
hurting yourself.
I am sure Piso’s Cure for Consumption saved
my life three years ago. —Mrs. Thomas Boo
bins, Maple St., Norwich, N.Y., Feb. 17, liXW.
It is easier to pay compliments than to
pay debts.
Albert Burch, West Toledo, Ohio, says:
“Hall’s Catarrh Cure saved my life.” Write
him for particulars. Sold by Druggists, 75c.
An uncertain temper is better than one
that is certainly baa.
H. H. Green’s Sons, of Atlanta, Ga.. are
the only successful Dropsy Specialists in the
world. See their liberal offer in advertisement
in another column of this paper.
It takes a pointed remark to get into
some heads.
That Pale Woman
You meet everywhere in nine cases out ton Is
ent tied to rosy cheeks and a strong constitu
tion. Her troubles are eos ly curable. ■ b ■
rieht remedy Is lickey's Female ionic and
Regulator. It Invigorates all the delicate or
ganism of woman. ;.nd banishes every iorm "t
female weakness.
Sailors do not constitute the floating
population.
Long Hair
_ i — —
“About a year ago my hair was
coming out very fast, so I bought
a bottle of Ayer’s Hair Vigor. H
stopped the falling and made my
hair grow very rapidly, until now it
is 45 inches in length.” — Mrs. A.
Boydston, Atchison, Kans,
There's another stomach. hunger
than that of the
Hair hunger, for instance,
Hungry hair needs food,
needs This hair vigor—Ayer that s.
Ayer’s is why Vigor we say always
Hair
restores color, and makes
the hair grow long and
heavy. $i.o». bottle. Ainnmw»
If your
j
Dizzy ?
Then your liver isn’t acting
well. You suffer from bilious
ness, constipation. Ayer =
Pills act directly on the liver.
For 60 years they have been
the Small Standard doses cure, Family ^ u -
ah
} Want moustache beard a beiW ul
your or
I brown or rich black ? Then use
BUCKINGHAM’S DYE 8f.SU?
1 BOOTS. Qg DHUGGISTg^QW N
~
economical, inquire of lor M*
tend me his name und 4S cent* in *tami
strings b. C\ mat! Mention thixpopee. E TO \V».0 n ti[ft
C. l ul l *. M 1 DD L
Tfafflirted weak ejrtii with wi IThompion'sEyeWatsr