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^ Tf liiC Normal \I i School c l i ♦ fll Manila, n , 1. ♦ I. __„_______ _ N O event that has occurred since the occupation of the Philippine Islands by the S Americans can be more far teaching and beneficial In Its effect than the recent Inauguration and es tablishment of a normal school at Manila for the training of native 'teachers. Hy a recent act of the Civil Commission the sum of $25,000 appropriated for the organization and II § j M i'J A i WiE X, ■tiiMI -Ms m I 1 si i HI , t J on. oavid r. da Knows, cxtt sriutniN TENDHirr AND ACTIBrt FRIROlPAIi MANILA NORMAL SOHOOI* WITH OF FICE ASSISTANTS, maintenance of a normal school ln Manila for the year 1001. Closely following upon this net. City Super intendent of Schools, Dr. David P. Barrows, late of San Diego, California, was duly appointed, and authorized to net ns prlnelpul of the school dur ing a preliminary term beginning April 10, and ending May 10. I)r. Barrows Immediately called to his assistance some forty-five of flic brightest American resident teachers, and opened the office for matriculation on April 1. A pamphlet outlining the course Intended to be followed was duly printed and sent to all Ameri can teachers situated throughout the archipelago, and letters were written to them asking their eo-operatlon In urging the native teachers to attend. At first lt was estimated that possibly 850 might be matriculated, but by the middle of the first week of school oVer 000 (mostly all men and women of mature age) had entered the school, and. In order to accommodate them, '/ / ■ / 4 - ' r ~-. s* ;q ------ ix m (: fcViV J 3* < i m < Wtm i / y, 5=S THE NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING. hundred or more were sent to another school building, 3-10 Calle Palnclo, where several American teachers were Placed ln charge, aud the work progressed. As, under’Spanish rule, only antiquated methods o*f questions nnd answers had been pursued, the object of the normal school was not so much to impart knowledge of the subjects In hand as It was to introduce new methods, and to show native touchers, who are, without exception, overanxious to prepare themselves for the woMv of educating their people, liow to make the best use of materials nt hand, and thus encourage them to further rcscarclrand preparation. The students that attended the school wOre representatives of the highest intelli gence throughout tho archipelago. Hardly an island or province occupied l>y American forces but was repre sent ed. As an example of the Interest taken hy those in charge in extending the benefits of free public schools to the natives, none Is more worthy of 0 111 11 latlou than the action of Captain ,T. 1’. O’Neill, commanding officer at Ran Felipe, Zambales Province, Island of Luzon, who, when he found that the twenty odd tcackers from lfis district w f 111 i 8 Ifn - --- -- ^ >1 »,f, i i kw ilfr 1/ INTERIOR OF FILIPINO SCHOOL, PRESIDED OVER BY AN AMERICAN TEACHER. couhl not reach Manila to attend the normal school ou account of lack of funds, generously donated the sum necessary himself. Thirty-three classes in English, Geography, Arithmetic, Physiology, Manual Training, Art, Nature Study, Kindergarten, nnd Music were organ ized, and successfully conducted throughout the entire term. The main object of most of the studies was to familiarize the native teachers, through observation of work principally, with the various forms and methods which will bo introduced later on in all the schools. . The most markcu interest was taken I j n the work ns is shown by the high average dally attendance. Following is n part of the statistical report of the school: Number matrleu lat * d * average number attending, 570; percentage of attendance, ninety eight: number of male students, 480; number of female students, 170; aver age of students, twenty-five; number of Islands uud provinces represented, thirty-one. The school closed Its session on May 10, and the students returned to their respective provinces Imbued with a determination to labor earnestly for the advancement of their people. As a result of the summer session of tho normal school, several normal classes are to be organized In many of the Interior provinces. As outlined, lt ls the present inten tlon of the Department of Education to assign at least one American teach er to each school, and during an hour of each day’s session this teacher will be obliged to Instruct the native teach crs. All instruction Is t> be given in the English language. TIk* Civil Commission, backed by the military Government, have been exceedingly generous ln their appro priations to the public-school system, and under the able management of General Superintendent, Professor Fred. W. Atkinson, the next twelve j months will see great advancement made ln the march of education and the uplifting and enlightenment of the Filipinos. These people are ready to labor early and late to secure a good education.—II. G. Squicr, la Harper’s Weekly. Famous nnd Didn’t Know It. It Is not often that a man becomes famous In his lifetime without his knowing lt himself, but that was the case of the poet Arthur Rimbaud, to whose memory a monument has just been erected at Charlevllle, his birth place, writes a Paris correspondent. Rimbaud, who was born In 1857, and died at Marseilles in 1891, had been an obscure verse-maker when bis unpublished works were discov ered by Paul Verlaine, who was en chanted by the rare quality of Rim baud’s poetry, and bringing It to the notice of the Paris literary world, in stantly created an enthusiastic cult for the young genius. Rimbaud, however, knew nothing of the laurels thrust upon lilm, as he was then in the heart of Ethiopia, amassing a fortune In the Ivory trade. On landing at Marseilles he under went a surgical operation, from which he died, unconscious of the fact that he had become a celebrity. , A .Strange Kxtlnct Bird of Mauritius. “Dodo” is a word often used iu theso days to describe a person who, wliilo he may not be an idiot, is not remark able for his wisdom. And all the meaning that the word conveys has been given it by the strange creature that once bore it. The dodo, as a bird, is now extinct, nnd, judging from Its picture, doubtless some of my readers will not bo sorry. The dodo was about the size of the swan, aud had moans neither of defense nor fiiglit. It lived JM* s vl * y- P ft Zf* wM k 1 #V’ VytmMliw THE DODO AS IT WAS, in the small Islands oast of Madagas car, Mauritius, Reunion, etc,, and was found there by European explorers early in the sixteenth century. The coming of Europeans, however, proved the downfall of the strange bird, and the last one of them disappeared about the year lti20. It was an exceedingly clumsy bird, vith short, thick legs, a ponderous bill and with useless little wings. It was covered with down instead of feathers, and its general appearance was anything but prepossessing. Rev eral specimens were carried to Eu rope by the explorers, but the dodo was destined lo a brief existence when the white men came. Tiie Unruly Member. By examining the tongue of a pn tient a doctor finds ovu the diseases of the body and philosophers the disease of the mind.—Sunny Routh. , ^ 8 n ^ 6 \m Spain’s Jfing x O domes of Ago. 1 O O'* , • 7 r~Y I HE young King of Rpalti, Alfonso XIII., comes of age next spring, and will have "u the nominal ruling of his country. lie will have good advisers, however, including his mother, the present Queen Regent, Senor Sagasta, and the Duke of Tetuan. Alfonso XIII. will be sixteen years of age on Mtry 17. It ls believed that the eoro nation will l>e practically a private event, and In the light of present po Htleal conditions In the country, it will probably Is* a wise precaution. The political atmosphere has cleared eomewhat Things are not so bad as th( *y ndgbt bo; there is a surplus, even ) ■ ; . V y. A* a. 'M vV ■ \ ,v,v A' WM __ s :■ m -m ( * r 3 a SS 9 m i 7 / 5 » ( r I l | i I, I LATEST PORTRAIT OF TIIE YOUNG SPANISH KING. though not a large one, in the treas ury, and tlier-i is no lack of activity in the more important trading circles. .Senor Sagasta, one of the notable figures in the political history of the has a tremendous task before lilm. He stands for Spanish Liberal ism, nnd there is no one in the country that is so well versed in Its peculiaf conditions. Worn by long service to bis country, absolutely faithful to it In every sense, of unimpeachable in tegrity, Sagasta has earned the title of the Grand Old Man of Spanish Liberalism, and it is a deserved recog nition. Sagasta’s cabinet includes General Weyler, as Minister of War; Senor Moret, as Minister of the Interim?; the Duke of Almodovar del Rio, as Min r ister of Foreign Affairs, aud the Duke of Veragua, as Minister of the Navy. The first and last named gen tlemen are l.ot known in the United States, but it can hardly ue said that they are regarded with favor. The American people remember Weyler through his Cuban administra tion, the story of which, all things con sidered, does not improve with the telling. The Duke of Almodovar del R-o 'is said to be somewhat in sym- 1 athy with the British; Senor Moret is perhaps the best known of all the cabinet, and has an excellent record. General Weyler's influence was in evidence in connection with the mar riage of tne Princess of Asturias, the Queen’s eldest child. The Princesste choice—Don Carlos de Bourbon—is the 6eco11 ^ soa f * ie Count Cnserta, who, * s a pronounced Carhst. The Queen Hegcnt approved ot the match because it was based entirely ou mutual esteem and love, but Senor Sagasta strongly opposed the marriage, even refusing to be in office when it took place. Gen eral Weyler’s friendship for tne young man meant so much, uowever, that notwithstanding Sagasta’s disapproval, which was warmly seconded hy both Liberals and Republicans, the rnar riage was consummated. Don Carlos— now Prince of tho Asturias by the royal decree—studied lu the Artillery S 'bool at Segovia, aud served iu Cuba tinier Weyler.—Harya*-# Weekly. Cuba’* Salvation. ' The pest of yellow fever haa ffieen comoated with such vigor In Cuba that not a single death has,|M»u re ported as resulting from it this year, according to good authority. Reports Received from members by Surgeon-General of the medical Wyman staff scattered all over the Island of Cuba show that lt is practically free from J' ellow fever. This is probably the first time this statement could be made for centuries. The reason that yellow fever has been so successfully over come is because of the efficient sani tar - v methods employed by tiie United States health officers. Havana itself fi‘ as been revolutionized as regards its sanitary conditions. Recent experi meats having proved that yellow fever - ' vas t0 a great extent transmitted by mosquitoes bred in the tropical swamps and the cesspools, drastic means were employed to kill these in sects. The streets and sewers in Ha vana and other cities of the island were sprinkled with kerosene, with most satisfactory results. Sad to say there is such a thing as Alert stupidity- - COMINC FUR FASHIONS. Tails Galore Form Nock Pieces — T a* Dined Paletot*. The nimble fingers of n fashionable furrier’s employes are already busy carrying out the clever designs from London and raids ln mink and sablo neck pieces. Sable, you know, ls im ported ln the pelt shape without duty, so It ls really sane to buy these fine natural furs here where one knows and has confidence In the furrier. To Judge by these fine novelties our furry fellows have taken to growing a great number of tails. Of yore, when we complained that there were too few tails on a neck piece we were In formed that animals seldom had more than one each. Evidently we’ve changed all that, for these advance beauties are cotn- i posed entirely of tails, In mink tails these pieces cost from $50 to $75. The one shown ln the lllus- tration is perhaps the most graceful and fetching. Round the satin neck band is a double row of tails, the top row looped down, the bottom row looped up, until both rows meet. At each end of the ruche-like neck piece there are four ends in chenille effect, each of these strands being composed of four tails. Among the variations on this pictur esque arrangement is one which has twenty tails hooped around the foun dation band. The ends are either like the one pictured or consist of simple bunches of tails. Though fur-lined coats now seem A\1 n tMkj'S w* ■ pa ' Mm. I ttliP .£<v\ > i a Wl !/ irfii 4 1 Iff i g a.': I i/ m M If; Kh m s i A FORE LOOK AT FTJK FASHIONS. synonymaaa with torture garments— never mlna, there are cold days com ing. Paletots are to lead ln stylo, black broadcloth being tho favored fabric. The all-gray Siberian squirrel is the choice for linings. As to the details, the sleeves will bell a bit at the wrist, and though tlio coat is perfectly loose the seam down the middle back will be slightly curved and open about half the way up. Women who are to indulge in a mj.d season as well as a cold-weather pate tot are choosing black Louisine, and white is still the favorite lining. Coal in Indian Territory. Some idea of the value of the coal deposits iu Indian Territory can be gained when it is known the average thickness of the vein is four feet, which will produce 4000 tons an acre. These lauds are leased in lots of -960 acres each, which means that 3,500,000 to 4,000,000 tons can be produced by those leasing the land. On this out put tho lessees pay a royalty of 8 cents a ton. The output during the last year was 1,900,127, as against 1,400,442 tons the previous year. The interests of the Chickasaw and Choc taw Indians arc protected.—Chioago Jourmil Wo f\°APS < 1 ? jURTtft <rf AM SA\C*G–> P^–AP OF MAt4 A.rlD SmM Machinery Working a Kevolntion. WT^T HE perfection of farm ma I chlnery has worked a revo I lutIou in a11 farming meth (? od6> - Su ' v 11 ,uau CiU1 witl1 ease do the work In a day that used to take him three or four days to per form. By means of the improved ma chiuery and scientific methods the progressive farmer has cheapened the cost of his produce by half; the per fectlon of railway service takes bis surplus to the market In half the time, with a freight charge of cue fourth the tariff of thirty years ago. There Is more money now in fifty cent wheat than there was In "dollar wheat then. In every field of human activity In his country, save one, there have been and are being made giant strides to multiply productivity lessen cost and add convenience Shall we no expect ere long that the top wire of mam fences will connect with telephones and join farm to farm, and these, in turn, to the town at the rail way, the county seat, and the city? But what shall we say of the roads In these there has been practically no advancement ln fifty years. Wagon transportation shows little, if any, progress for 4 t a century Periodically T , , ,. ,, in every community the farmers go out, and under the direction, or, more properly, misdirection, of the path master, plow up and destroy more or less of the roads In working out their annual poll tax. May we live to see the eud of this idiotic practice. Many of our main traveled roads have bad more time and money thrown away upon them in these annual fits of “iiu proving” than it would cost to build and maintain a first class macadam road. The necessity for good roads [ is immediate and Imperative; expand- ; ing trade and the perfection of ocean | transportation, have put American grain Into competition with the food products of Crimea, India. Australia and Argentina. In all of these coun tries American machinery and meth ods are no strangers, and all of the economies known and practised here are understood and employed there. If, then, the American farmer is in the future to hold the first position as the feeder of the world, ho must still further cheapen the cost of his pro- j duce in the world’s market. There i may be various ways to do this, but there is one way so potent, so pro- j nounced and self-evident that it out- I ranks all the others, and that is to ; buikl good roads, and thus reduce the cost of transportation from the farm to the railway by two-thirds No less an authority than the United States Bureau of Agriculture finds that it often requires one-fourth of the farm produce to pay for carrying the whole from the farm to the railway. The | Secretary of Agriculture says: “No permanent prosperity will or can come to agriculture without good roads.” The cost of hauling from the farm to the market is tlu-ee or four times more than the cost of similar service in Europe, and is, at least, three times what the cost would be here with good hard roads.—New York Tribune. ! I5a<l Ronds a Double Injury. j Bad roads work a double injury; : I when the natural dirt roads are good, the teams are usually wanted in the fields. When the rain comes so that the work is stopped in the fields, the roads are often impassable. The fact that prices are usually the best when the roads are the worst is one so gen- : eral and so often repeated as to be well known to every one. In fact, the scant supply is due to the embargo of mud, which creates a shortage in the market, and this increases the price. When the roads are good again, the immense quantity of produce thrown upon tho market depresses the prices. Bad roads are, in fact, the most ex Deusive burden tile farmer has to bear They require twice the horsepower, twice the time aud only one-half the load as compared with good roads, Transportation is really the great est economic question of the age. In no department of human activity has ; there been a greater or perhaps so great an advancement as in the rail way transp. ration in this country. The American railways have solved the question of the most perfect sor- j vice at the least possiblo cost. A modern locomotive over a modern track will carry from 90,000 to 100,000 bushels of grain !a a single train. We can boast of the best railways—and the worst public highways—of any country on earth. Met Half Way. Under direction from Washing ton, a special agent of the Department of Agriculture took up the questioff of transporting road material with tho presidents of ten of tho leading rail ways in Illinois. Iu every case they expressed their willingness to haul road material for this purpose at ac tual cost. One president said: “Wo will haul it on any terms required, and if cost isn’t low enough the far mers may fix the tariff.” Reward of Humanity. The case under tho Wild Birds’ Pro tection act at Gainsborough the other day is hardly calculated to encourage the protection of wild birds. A man rescued a thrush from the hands of some boys who were ill-treating it and , took , , it to Ins , house, whereupon he was himself summoned and mulcted m the costs lor being in possession of the bird.—London Truth. - THE SEA BOTTOM. Physical Conditions aud Form* 0 f ti tho Ocean Depths. fe <4 The following facts relation to the deep sea and its forms of pf“ are do. rived from an address delivered contly by Professor C. C. Nutting , the Iowa University, who has hlmLn 1 been actively engaged in deep- sw ^ ei ploratlon. ' conditions O^’dw^se^ varies' life'is'tlie^ l enor- ^ mous pressure> w m C h ’ of c ° Urse wlth the depth . At the nr'ess.,*? 1 ' sny> 2 000 fathoms, the about two tons to the "in 8 square ' surface, and at 4000 fathoms subi/it**' square inch of surface is 1 pres sure of about four 1 tons ' This fact led tIie cnrlier life'was phy8lclgtg inW.nT , taIll that organic h-!?' ln t he great depths It provedi however, that animals Of all cln8se8f except tho highest verte brnteg> have been dredged from even tho deepest abysses of the ocean The RTt>£lt pres8Ure to they have been subjected has a curious « feet on tlie deep-sea fishes when ‘ it, are broUj?ht t0 the 8urface being'reSS the9e clrcumstance3i 1 from the accustomed ^ pressure e he fall t0 pleces , as lt T ; bu] out) tbe swim . bladder 0t J ude from the mouth> tho scales ,J a J> the flcsb comes off ln patc . these flshes> disreputable as ‘ they lae -' a* ll P , 0 ie sur£ac ‘ «, , , , ? eC a 3 oueh their nrnner iini i tn T ° the f C " depths of in th« thm a ( ou )L ef?s1 na more . . ’, of four ’ e P ressure or five f tons . to tlie . inch , tli«in are we prel nf tha fifteen pounds of atmospheric Ld 6 un(ler wllicll we Uve move and , ha ?' « Ur bemg , . e ‘ er relIla r , " a „ * e condition of life ' . au , lis that of J. n 0llI ’ c e on a | ® vUCSS e P –0 f ' ar ls at Jmtst, pro- as ’ ’ ! UQl f^ , ’ ,l I s p concerned. otographic plates It has arc been un a tL ' ec icyond a aepth of 125 fathoms of 0 „ the ear sllu s f; light 1 ’ a having J or . ^ le been ma i° absorb- r P ai 't . 1 has reached that depth e 0ie IOi csso. * exander Agassiz assumes f. S a J ^i that aC 200 fatlloms a s caeai , l0la stailigut r ,. e , san night. | s Possibly Below that that of 1 a c^J e C' rs would seem necessa- 1J J t0 JL ' iU ' 0i 'cd in darkness as com !’ ete as ^cugh they were immerse! n a sea ° J IIlu " ^’ et there is evi ence tending to prove the presence of at depths far in excess of this, ^ ccortang to Professor Agassiz, by ? ‘ l lbc ma J° r tty of animals living at a tl0 pta of about 2000 fathoms have c ^ es ’ °^ lel ^"'' e their allies of shallow \ a t er > ° r else rudimentary, or some times very large, as the huge eyes de 'eloped out of all proportion in some °y .* be a hyssal crustaceans and fishes, r hhout light these organs would, of course, be useless. Sunlight being out of the question, it is now held that the light which enables these animals to see is phosphorescent. A very largo number of crustaceans are highly phosphorescent. Many of those having large eyes are of this class, and are particularly active in movement and voracious in appetite. They feed on minute organisms fot the most part, and it can hardly be doubted that they use their phospho rescent powers for the purpose of il luminating their surroundings and re vealing their prey. A third condition of the ocean depths ls a temperature uniformly low, prob ably below forty degrees, while in many cases the temperature is actu ally below the freezing point of fresh water. This condition is kept up by the ocean currents, the general ■ drift of the surface waters being from the equator toward the poles, while the deep-sea currents are in the opposite direction. The general impression that a high temperature is more fa vorable than a low one for tho best development of animal ife is certainly not true of marine animals iu general If other conditions are favorable s luxuriant fauna will be developed in any temperature short of the freezing point of salt water. An iElepIiant Labyrinth. A curious labyrinth in which ole phants are captured alive is to be seen near Ayuthia, formerly the capital of Siam. The labyrinth is formed of a double row of immense tree-trunks set firmly in the ground, the space be tween them gradually narrowing, Where it begins, at tiie edge of th ff forest, the opening of the labyrinth i= more than a mile wide, but as it ap proaches Ayuthia it becomes so nar row that the elephants cannot turn round. Suspecting no danger, the wild de pliant enters the broad opening at the forest eud, lured on by a tame de pliant. The gradual narrowing of the boundaries is not observed until the elephant finds himself in close quar ters. <1° Having reached the end of labyrinth, the tame elephant is al lowed to pass through a gate, while men lying in wait slip shackles over the feet of the captives. The sport is a dangerous one, for the enraged ele phants sometimes crush tho hunters under their feet, I'eedinK nn Obstinate Ostrich. The ostrich which the King seat from Windsor to the Zoo some tina’ ago, has shown his disapproval of a: ' change of quarters by going off F s feed. To prevent him committing l '"-' cide by starvation the keepers l a ' e consequently found it necessary 10 resort to a process of “stuffing.'’ While beeper holds the bird ' n a or.e gained corner another, with deftness by long practice, seizes the upper l i: of the beak with one hand and causes the ostrich to open his mouth. ho thrusts do thc unwilling tin- a , vn ^ a lar g e hall of nouris hirg food. the 0StrJch is left to digest it at leisure.—London Express.