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DEATH PENALTIES.
___
VARIOUS ANCIENT MODES OF
CAPITA r , PITir PlMSHilhNT, prvKHMt’VT
Evocation Itv Stoning the Earliest
Method of Punishing Crimes—
Cruel Punishments Among the
Romans and Other Nations.
Death the by stoning was, in all proba
bility, earliest method o£ punishing
crimes, die Jews and other Oriental mi
tions being especially given to this form
of supreme penalty. From the extremely
comprehensive appeared code of Mosaic capital code, offenses it is
which in the
to be concluded that a death by and stoning
was a very common occurrence,
the “young men of the the congregation,” of
to whom was intrusted duties exe
oahoner, must have become quite expert
in their that office. It is retaliation quite possible, antedated
ever, personal the and that
punishment for eye,tooth by co nmunity, tooth.andiifefor
the eye for
life doctrine was rigorously carried out.
Far the instantaneous dispatch of an of
fender the Jews used the sword, but
stoning continued to be the set form of
capital punishment up to the time of the
Christian era. Then crucifixion took its
plain form of death penalty borrowed
from the Latin conquerors.
Though the Romans were greatly be
given that to crucifying had it can national scarcely form
said capital they punishment. any one They acted
of
largely after the Mikado’s plan of letting
the punishment lit the crime. Christians
were burned, torn to pieces by beasts,
drowned in quagmires and rivers and
vivisected. Political offenders, on the
other hand, were thrown from Tarpeian
Rock, This was a lofty and; precipitous
promontory on one side of the Capitolina
Hill. Runaway slaves when recaptured
were turned adrift into the deserts or
woods overrun by wild animals, or else
bound to a rock and left to starve. It
was customary for a while in Rome to
permit capital offenders to select the
manner by which they would meet death
and be allowed to inflict the penalty
upon themselves. This custom also
tained in Greece, and when Socrates was
condemned to death for spreading dis
belief in the national religion he chose
to die by drinking the hemlock. unusual of
One of most cruel and
•punishments was that which the Romans
in the latter days of the Republic meted
out to those who murdered either of their
parents. Luke Owen Pike, M. A.,
author ef the “History of Crime in Eng
land,” in referring to this punishment,
says:
4 i JNo. No 4 in in the the amphitheatre amj hit . tre, not n t at a the
stake, noton the cross was the parricide wind
to perish. A sack was to be his
ing sheet; in that he was to be sewn up
alive and venomous serpents with him
sea was nea^at hand/and i/noh’into a
rive'’ BO that the heavens mio-ht be liid
den from him while still alive, and the
ea Often, n howeverf'hi 6 Addition' to and the
wipers, there were a dog. a monkey
a rooster sewed up in the sack with the
victim, who was naked. The sack was
usually of leather.
The Oriental nations have always been
remarkable for the ingenious cruelty of is
their death punishments, although it
doubtful whether thev have been more
cruel than the self-styled highly civil
i?ed nations of the West. Death has
come from slow strangulation from a
rope, as was in vogue in China, for in
•stance, and at the same time from the
use of boiling oil, which was dislocated; poured on
the joints after they were and by
mechanical means, as in Franee
Germany from Having, or stripping the
skin off" the body, as was formerly dbne
in England, and from pressure between
planks, on the upper of Tvhicb great
Weights were n!aced,as was also in vogue
in England atone time. Every method
which"human cruelty could prompt and
human ingenuity devise has been re
sorted to at one time or other in ancient
or medieval days, and among nations
-professing to be civilized, to administer
torture and death. -It is true that
Japanese offenders have been executed
by though the slow passage ol" a spear upward
their entrails, and that Chinese
criminals have been gradually beheaded
with o bamboo saw, but at the same
time that most barbarous form of inflict
Ino- the death penaltv, the boiling in a
.•cauldron was a European invention. To
inflict death by this means sulphur, oil
and lead separately weie sometimes
used. Water however, was the agent
generally employed. Boiling to death
was first inflicted by statute in Eng
land in 1531, during the reign of King
Henry VIII. The first person to suffer
this penalty in that country was John
Roose, cook to the Bishop of Rochester,
who poisoned seventeen persons, two of
whomdied The poison was administered
m poisoners'should porridge. The statute declared that
be boiled to death with
out having anv “advantage of his
clergy” Future offences of this kind,
the law stated, should be deemed
alenttohi'rii treason in enormity. The
statute was repealed not long afterward.
brt not until several other persons met
death m the c mldron. Though prae
ticed in i upland, it is believed, however,
that this horror was of Italian origin.
Death bv the serpents’ bite was a com
moa form’of adminstcring capital pun
ishment in the Oriental countries in
ancient days, and, it is said, the system
has bv no means become obsolete yet.
Instances are on record in which offend
ers were bound naked in jungles in which
v’iners were numerous, terrible and left to suffer
a lingering and death from the
rc^tCes’ fang- Men and women, and
somvtimes children, were tin wa into
c -r eras infested by venomous snakes to
meet death in its most frightful form in
the darkness among the bone? of hun
dreds of persons whose Jives had gone
out in the same place and by the same
means. Many British prisoners, it w»;
told, were subjected to like treatment by
the Sepoys dining the mutiny about
thirty years ago. Even at the present
tim f’ ; s malefactors in some
parts of India are thrown into large
cages filled with serpents. Travelers in
Persia tell stories about similar cruelties
being indicted on criminals in the
wilder and more barbarous portions of
that country. All this may be true, yet
it is also true the same form cf punish
meat was once on a time common in
Norway, and that for years France,
England and Spain were ablaze with the
fires that consumed people at the stake,
Persons suspected the of being witches, sub
however, were most frequent
jects for this form of punishment. Pope
innocent VIII. issued a bull against
witfchcraft in 1484. Within the next
hundred years thousands of these people
were burned alive. Over .100 of them
were burned in Geneva in about one
fourth of the year 1.111. In the Diocese
of Como 1000 were executed in this way
in 1524. About 10,000 met death by
this method in Lorraine in the fifteen
years ending with 1595. In Wurtzburg.
between IBa7 and 1629, 12? were burned
alive, In neavly every part of Europe
which was at all civilized, numerous
deaths by fire for witchcraft occurred in
the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. Those which took place in
Germany alone are estimated this at upward method
of 100,000. The deaths by
and for this cause in England also were
well up in the thousands. In Massa
Vhusctts and Pennsylvania the death
penalty for this offense usually took the
the form of hanging .—San Francisco
Chronicle .
Asbestos Manufacture.
- Quite a good deal of attention in Bos
ton is devoted to the manufacture of as
bestos. The stuff, as everyone knows,
is a mineral fibre, but concerning its
nature and the uses to which it is put
very little seems to be comprehended,
A piece of cloth made of it closely re¬
sembles, both to sight and touch, coarse
cotton toweling. It may be used for
the same purposes, and, when dirty,
thrown into the fire. Rake it out after
a little while, and it is found intact, but
cleaned as perfectly as though subjected
to the steam laundry process. well
The ancients, 2500 years ago, were
acquainted with asbestos aud its prop
erties. They thought would it was burn. vegetable, So
but knew that it not
they wrapped their corpses in cloths
woven in its fiax-like strands, in order
to keep the ashes of their relatives and
friends from mingling with the charred
remains of the funeral pyres. They
used it also for lamp wicks and lor nap
'
kins.
In fact, however, asbestos is a form
very hard rock, called hornblende,
ana is f touna 0 „ nf i in. strata strata or of a a umous fibrous con- con
sistencj, readily divisible into silky
strands resembling flax. Hence, it is
d°ep?si“ o? R have been
found in the Canadian provinces, whereas
in former times it was chiefly imported
JJ*^^beenIppRed'by surprising Clothes
modern ingenuity is
for firemen and gloves wherewith to han
materia., "f ’ 110 boner *‘J®; retting * ana ,?d paperTtock papei stock
ore other products largely manufactured. Besides,
from the same material. it is
employed in the mixing and of other fireproof
paints for stage scenery pur
poses. Sometimes this mineral _ is found
in
thin sheets of interlaced fibres, known
m vulgar When parlance natural as “mountain
leather.” the fabric is
developed in thick sheets it is called
“mountain cork.” In any shape the
material is indestructible by fire at the
ordinary temperature of flame. As a mat
ter of fact, however, there is nothing
m nature that will not burn if only the
thermometer is high enough. Did you
see a lecturer on the problems of
chemistry direct the lighted jet from an
oxy-hydrogen blowpipe upon will a have piece ob- of
iron or zinc? . If so, you
served how the metal is consumed,under
such conditions, like so much tinder. In
like manner the hardest rocks are disiu
tegrated by the action of heat. Asbestos
cloth is a very pretty goods, but it is not
altogether incombustible. Picayune.
Sticking K —- ~Z Paper -, to Metal.
Paper pasted, gummed, or glued on
metal, especially if it has a bright sur
face, usually comes off on adhesive the slightest
provocation, leaving the ma
terial on the back of the paper, with a
surface bright and slippery a3 ice. The
cheaper description of clock dials are
printed on paper and then stuck on zinc;
but for years the difficulty was to get
the paper and the metal to adhere, it
is, however, said to be now overcome by
dipping the metal into a strong and hot
solution of washing-soda, afterwards
rubbing perfectly dry with a clean rag.
Onion ;uice is then applied label to the pasted sur
face of the metal, aud the
and fixed in the ordinary way. It
said to be almost impossible joined to .—English separate
paner and metal thus
I Mechanic.
Sell .T.7T--------. Lively, Kittens Are Dull,
A businesslike fellow with stiff red
mustache stood on L'nion Square during
one recent afternoon exhibiting a basket
full of bu,f and black little dogs and
kittens of similar colors. There were
four dogs and five kittens, and none of
them were over six inches long. All the
women who came along admired the
pets and the fakir in half an hour had
: sold every dog at $2 apiece.
though he offered the kittens at fifty
then twenty-five cents each, he didn’t
sell one.
The fakir thus philosophized:
“Vcr =ee dogs are more affectionate
than cats. Dogs like the person; cats
the place. I’ve always found it hard to
sell kittens, but the dogs go in a hurry.” *
—Fta York Bun.
---———
Tc was too many Roman punches that
dFQthe business for Julius C’jsar.
BUDGET OF FUN.
HUMOROUS SKETCHES FROM
VARIOUS - SOURCES.
In An Obliging Mood—Doing Him
a Bank Injustice—He Saw
Several- Hedging on
a Bet—Etc., Etc.
First Kentuckian—“Say, Colonel,
there’s a Mormon elder down the road
preaeliin 1 to ’Would a crowd o’ young women
an’ singin: Kentuckian—“Well, I Were a Bird !”’
Second 1 kin
os ur ”?* K * \ cm ie on ca *, CT p, uiladeiphia j^,°? S‘f hecon s ® me tar
v - .
~ . Tf . nRn . Ininfi . ioe r'..„
n ‘N, ■>, ° lt-omi i. " ‘iRm*n w * * n '
■
, i • ,
, lu f!!? 0
yestetaay as an « ota iool. t aon t think t i k
tna. sort °, tiling is rigtit.
Brown - uny, ot course, it am t
rigm, Diunley. 1 ou can t fie more than
lort at the outside. tsa.ar.
-
~
i1e s,aw creva .
’ .
First Pittsburger—“Been ou an Ar
kansas trip, I hear?”
Second Pittsburger—“Yes; just got
back.”
First Pittsburger—“Did train you see any
of»the numerous robbers reported
lately Second from that Stated’ train
Pittsburger—“See any
robbers! I should say I did. There
was a peanut boy on every
PUtility a Chronicle «
Hedging on a Bet.
“Hello, Bromley, that isn’t the fair
thing! the You promised you’d that if your side
lost election, " shave off one
whisker.”
“Well, haven’t I?”
“Y'es, but you’ve shaved off both of
them.”
“Oh. that’s all right. I lost the other
one in the same kind of a bet withDar
ringer.”_ Time.
Growing; Desperate, ’
, . .
L v “ - at hvc.i-mnking^ y° u Charles. Mother— 11 1 you tell could you
have it . uoisecl . about that Yiarv have
is to
$10,000 for her marriage portion, don t
you think her chances would be greatly
improved;
sensible rather— Woman t it be
K ? orc ; attr 1V £ to *° ,' v Die example ol
the bargain . shop, and put the liguie at
Boston Irawscript.
Not an Auspicious “Y~7 , Incident.
‘Please don t forget, my boy, that you
ma y * K; a future general in the army of
the Dinted States of America,” ’ said the
wd officer to his son, duri durm 0 a a West West
4 / waV, . father who’was ” was the re
ply. ‘ the that old
^^ C ?^ J 0ll SP ° ke t0 ° U ^ paradc
mis aueinoon. f 0 0 ?..
Hog^by^rcdT He?rmUia“class
ahmid And of the me boy 1 believe.^ began to think.
Courting on the Installment nan.
Miss Jollyby— . ... And , now that I ve said ,
Yes, my dear Claude, I wish you would
ask papa as once; and, while you arc
about and it, you might say a word lias to mam
ma, -er Ann - ary been so
kind, you know; just mention it to her
and ask if she is willing; and then
Lncle George might—
Claude— Pardon me, Miss Jcllyby;
isn . t it a little rough on a fellow to make
him secure a wife on the installment
plan. —Jiul'jc.
A Wronj Diagnosis.
Medicine may modify some of your
symptoms, my friend, said the doctor,
as he wrote a prescription, but noth
ing except a change in your habits will
bring permanent relief. You don t take
enough exercise.
“Don t take enough exercise? ’ ex
claimed the astonished visitor, with his
eyes staring from his head. “Why,
good heavens, of the doctor! I ve for been collect- the
Chaumain comm.ttee
mg our pastor s salary for nearly e even
years '. '-Chuayo Tribune.
He wnc dis own orare,
Tired tramp (in an exasperated sort
of way)—“There .Ma’am, there’s your
three bushels of potatoes l promised to
dig if you’d give me some lunch and I
don’t care if 1 never see a potato again,
I’m sick of em. ”
Woman—“Well, yon sit down under
the shade o’ them gooseberry bushes and
lunch ’ll be ready in a few minutes.”
Tramp—“What’re lunch, you goin’ to have
fur Marm!”
Woman—“We’re goin’to have baked
potatoes ."—Epoch.
Two Sides of Tlielr Quarrel.
Augustus—“I wish you would not use
powder, Belle.”
Belie—“If you ever speak of that
again I shall never forgive you—never.”
Augustus-“it’s too bad; you are
offended every time I speak of y«ur
powdering.”_ Belle—“Well, and isn’t _ it worth
while quarreling for the sake of making
up!” Augustus.—“Yes; _ but it ... isn t worth
while ‘.making up’ for the sake of quar
reling.”— American.
An Emblematic Sign,
Some heartless monster has been per
petrating a joke—it may not be cons id
ered a > oke—at the expense of the
Yfoman’s Club, otherwise the Mending
Burean, at Fourth and Chestnut streets.
On the Chestnut street side of the house,
at the entrance to the bureau, a large
sign, some six feet long, has been placed
against the wall. On this sign, in large
letters, the passer-by reads the words;
“Woman’s Club.”
Yesterday morning people smiled
when they saw suspended horizontally
directly beneath this sign a half-wain
broom.— Louisville Courier.
Elossiy’s Inference.
Little Flossy was visiting her papa’s
sister, a maiden lady, in the country.
The child was painfully impressed with
the sameness aud primness of every
thing, and one day asked:
“Aunt Maria, what makes you have
every thing all alike '”
“Because I like to have everything
match,” replied the aunt.
“Was that what mamma meant when
she told papa that you were trying hard
to make a match with every old widower
in town:” asked innocent Flossy.— Du¬
luth Parayntv/ur.
Plenty of Weather,
Maine Man—“I tell vou down East
beats the world for quick changes of
weather. One day last spring I cut ice
all one morning and had to rush out and
lant gun um brellas over my tomato
vines in the afternoon,
Western Man—“Shouldn’t wonder. I
rcmem p ei , onc jay in Kansas when I
went out with a mowing machine at
sunrise and traded it for a snowplough
before night, the but day that wasn’t swimming a circum
stance to I went in
the Missouri River and got carried so
tar out by the current that I like to have
drowned. 1 just tell you I never ex ¬
pected to How sec shorn did again.” back?”
“Eli? yc get
“The river froze over and I skated
back .”—Philadelphia Ilecord.
_
Brought in a. New Conundrum.
“I have got a conundrum,” said the
visitor, timidly sitting down on the cor¬
ner of a chair, “that I think is new.
Why is a man who lays out a new sub
division like pickles!”
“Because he c-c-cumbers the ground?”
hazarded the real estate editor.
“No; that isn’t tlie right answer.”
“Because,” suggested the exchange
editor, “it makes him sour if he doesn’t
ketchup with the--’’
“No, no; that isn’t it cither. Give it
up? Because he makes lots of acres.
See? Acres—achers. Spoils the teeth,
you know. Makes acres into lots-”
And then they rose up as one man arid
threw him out of the window. — Chicago
Tribune.
Nature’s Voices.
“Burr-r-rr,” said the chestnut, “The
cold snap is very snappy this morning.” said
“Time for me to leave,” the
weeping willow.
“It’sa cold day forme. Everybody’s
gone and I am forlorn,” sadly solilo
quized the beech. too,” said the
“1 feel kinder seedy ap¬
ple tree. There’s a tired feeling in cider
me, “Chestnut!” so to speak.” yelled the hemlock,
“Did you call me?” asked the first
speaker with a low bough.
And then the whole wood resounded
with “lofty larity” as the pine tree
termed the hilariousness that ensued
when describing it later to a lady who
hud come that way to buy some fir.—
Ncto York Sun.
Fonn.l It.
City Editor (to reporter)-‘‘1
see that in writing up a suicide you re
fer t0 , thfi c , old an ,j r( , morfle less river.’ ”
R eporter ._«*Y es Ialwayslike to throw
fee]in „ into what 1 write p>
CUy j-ditor—“That’s capital, but did
y OU ever £ee a r j ver stricken with re
morse:”
Reporter—“I don’t know that Ihavc.”
City Editor—“Well, then, go and find
OD<N and by lhft W ay, don’t come back
until you do find one.”
fThc reporter goes away. Two days
later he returns. (
Editor—“Ilelloa, got back,, have
you?”
Reporter— i.ditor—Well, “Yes.” did find
cify you a re
morseful river?”
Reporter—“I did.”
C j ty Editor—“What river is it?”
Reporter—“The Editor—“Why Mississippi.” remorseful?”
City it
Reporter—“Because, years ago, do¬
c id e d to run by St. Louis.”
City Editor (springing to his feet)
“Young man, take my scat. 1,resign.”
'l'raceler.
Ytitliont Batteries,
Senor 1 iedrahitu, an electrician ol
Bogota, has which patented he claims a telegraphic will revolu- in
gtrument
tionize telegraphy, as it works without
batteries. The Government appointed a
committee of experts to examine into the
merits of the machine. In their first re¬
port they say: “We the proceeded outside
the city and placed new apparatus in
connection with the telegraph to the
city, and without a battery we held
communication with the main office,
Wepracticedanothcrtestandsentmes- six hundred
sages over a wire meters
long, which washungon posts without in
sulators and some portions of which were
allowed to trail along the ground. Once
our niachGe was in order we sent mes
sages over this wire in Spanish, received French
an d English, and they were
without difficulty. The strength of the
current received from us was tested and
it showed a density of 400 ohms, equal
to a distance of seven and a half leagues,
and over this range vye could have com
municated had our wire stretched that
distance.”
A Remarkable Window.
There is a remarkable window in Fifth
avenue. Several thousand dollars’ worth
of tiger skins have been taken from the
big fur store which owns the window,
and they have phantasma been draped jungle so that they
present a of dangers,
Any tiger hunter who ran against the
window at night would receive a ter
rific shock, for the heads of the beasts
have all been preserved, and they look
wonderfully lifelike .—Alw York kun.
Lady Herbert, of England, says that
in ten years Washington will be the
handsomest city in the world.
Wasps Battle with Their Enemies.
“A story which appeared a few days
ago and concerning spider a tight between a wasp
a reminded me of a similar
battle which I witnessed a short time
ago. I was walking across a field when
I saw a spider’s web on the grass and no¬
ticed that a wa^p had just been caught in
its meshes. The spider was on the watch,
and showed unmistakable delight as its
victim buzzed and struggled in the vain
endeavor to set itself free. The ugly
creature sat at the bottom of the web.
holding the ropes that were to bind its
prey. When the wasp ceased to struggle
the spider approached. But tiie winged
insect had not given up. As it saw its
captor it showed fight and exerted itself
to the utmost to get near enough to use
its sting. The spider retreated a little,
but apparently only for the purpose of
tightening the strings that held the pris¬
oner.
“A moment later the wasp was turned
over and hound more firmly than ever.
It seemed as if the spider took advan¬
tage of each movement of its adversary
to wind another rope about its legs and
tie them yet more firmly. The skill dis¬
played was a revelation to me—I had no
idea insects knew so much. Finally,
when the wasp was so bound that, it
could neither kick ncr sting, the spider
jumped upon it, killed it almost instant¬
ly by its biting, and then proceeded to least
upon carcass.
“At another time I witnessed a fierce
colony struggle of between which a large had hornet built and a
wasps a nest
in the window of an old shop. The
hornet crawled up the glass toward the
nest, and when the wasps ,-aw him they
formed in battle array to defend their
home. The intruder moved onward,
when a wasp darted from the ranks to
sting him. But the courageous little fel¬
low hardly seemed to touch his enemy
before falling dead upon the windowsill.
At this the wasps retreated in a body to
the other sending side of the nest to lay plans then for
battle, out a spy now and
to reconnoitre. As the hornet came
closer all suddenly rushed toward him
in a body. A large wasp the stepped out and of
tlie ranks, tlew over hornet
alighted behind him. The invader
halted, and the little army also stood
still, watching him. The unequal forces
eyed eacli other for some time, when
suddenly signal, it appeared and his as companions if the large rushed wa p
gave a quick work of the
forward, making
enemy. Several wasps fell dead before the
hornet was conquered, and the survivors
did not venture to approach their pros¬
trated foe until he had been dead several
minutes.”
The above tales were told to a Dispatch
reporter by an intelligent Pittsburg insect me¬ lifo
chanic, for whom the study fascination.— of
seems to have Dispatch. a peculiar
l’ittsbunj
A Cable Operator’s Experience.
Mr. J. Seton, of the Commercial Cable
Company, of this city, has seen service
all over the world. He has been in Rus¬
sia, China, India, Persia, Egypt, South
America,Panama and Mexico. Mr.Seton
was stationed in the Persian Gulf for
seven years. The worst place be was
ever stationed, Mr. Seton said, was on
the island of Mussenden, in the Gulf of
Omar. It is a repeating station on the
Eastern island is Telegraph small that Company’s good line. .swimmer The
so a
could swim around it in fourteen min¬
utes. On this small place were stationed
t wenty cable workers. Not a single island, arti¬
cle of food could be raised on the
arid all their provisions had to be
brought from Bombay and consisted
entirely of canned goods. murderous, The mainland rob¬
was filled with bands of
bing nomads, and frequently a British
gunboat had to be summoned and the
shores raked with shell. A detachment
of marines was always kept at the station
for its protection. A few miles inland
fresh mutton the could be procured, lives,as but they it
was at risk of the men’s
were repeatedly attacked. Aden is also
a dangerous place to work. The cable
men treated aro, as a rule, most the graciously countries
by the rulers of
through which the lines touch, as they
stand in fear of England’s wrath. On
the great Indo-European line, which runs
overland through Persia, the native who
molests the line lias either his arm, foot
or The car cut Bashi-Bazoukslmd off as a punishment. great deal of
a
fun in shooting lhc insulators off the
poles until of the edict Indo-European issued making Company, the
an was
offense punishable by cutting off a band,
foot or ear of the perpetrator. Numbers
of men with maimed limbs can be seen
throughout World. the Persian deserts.— New
York
She Destroyed His “Spite-Wall.*’
A resident of the Gass Farm, Detroit,
who owns a handsome home, considered
himself infringed uppn by a neighbor
who had built aggressively near to him,
so that their windows faced each other.
The aggrieved man determined to
make his neighbor uncomfortable. 8o
he took pencil and paper and draughted
a line fence nine feet high, that would at
once separate the two houses. Ilis little
daughter ran into his study while he was
working at it, and asked him what he
was making. explained her
lie it to her, and gave
an admonition.
“You are not to go into Mr. ’s
yard any more, nor play with the chil¬
dren.”
“But, papa.” friends. pleaded the little one, and
“we’re good I like theut,
they like me.”
“I don’t care,” was the answer, “I
want you to keep away from them, and
that is why I am building this high wall
between the houses.”
The child’s eyes tilled with tears, and
she looked earnestly into her father’s
angry face fora moment in silence. Then
she asked softly:
“Papa, is it a spite-wall?” Free
It will not be built no ye.—-Detroit
Press.