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M UNKNOWN
-
THE ANTARCTIC WORLD AND ITS
MYStEMES '
Some of the Features Which Are
Already Known of the Great Re¬
gion About the South Pole.
As before explore long tha an expedition world, may the be
sent to antarctic
following from Qjod Word; aptly de
scribe the character of the region: “The
ice-bound character of these seas is due
to the absence of any brisk surface cur
rents. In the arctic regions the Gulf
Stream makes its general influence felt
far and wide, breaking up the ice and
producing a constant circulation, it is
true we have very scanty and imperfect the
data of the oceanic circulation in
antarctic seas.
“Speaking in very general terms, and
apart from theories,one thing is certain:
There is a very steady northerly and
easterly drift-current proceeding from
the pole in the direction of New
Zealand and Cape Horn, which is esti
mated to flow at the rate of from twenty
to thirty-flve miles a day; on striking
the coast of South America this current
bifurcates, north and the stronger the arm shores proceeding of Chili
and (reducing washing the of
Peru temperatures
these countries', the weaker 'continuing The
east and north past Cape Horn.
oourse taken by an iceberg is ultimately
east by north, and its rate of travel is
about sixteen miles a day, except in the
locality of Cape Horn, where icebergs
take a more northerly course up to iati
tude forty degrees south, direction when and they reduce re
sume their easterly
their rate of travel. The bergs, on being
detached from the place of their forma
tion, are floated away at a rate not ex
ceeding three-quarters of a mile an hour,
Carried first to the westward and sub
eequently to the north and east, they
are met with, the first season after their
separation, about seventy miles north of
the barrier. This fact seems to prove
the existence of what is known as the
antarctic drift current, whicn flows to
ward the north.
“The beautiful displays of the aura
australis have been noted by all an¬
tarctic voyagers. They differ from the
same phenomenon in the arctic regions,
in the length of the vertical beams being
greater, their appearances and disap
pearances being more frequent and sud
den—resembling flashes of light—and
from Lieutenant their being Wilkes, often who quite witnessed colorless.
one
very beautiful display, thus describes it:
‘It exceeded anything of the kind I had ;
heretofore witnessed, its activity was in
conceivable, darting from the zenith to
the horizon in all directions, in the most
brilliant coruscations the ; rays, proceeding flashed
as if from a point in zenith,
in brilliant, pencihngs of light, like
sparks of electric fluid in vacuo, and re
SSvc/fl" £ bo'tWrS
, rapfdity
to flit across’ the sky with the
of light, they showed all the prismatic
colors at once, or in quick succession,
So remarkable were the phenomena that
even our sailors were constantly ex
claiming in admiration of its brilliancy,
The best position in which to view it
wa9 by lying flat upon the deck and
looking “The up.’ kingdom, under such
vegetable physical conditions, has
unfavorable no
representatives in antarctic lands. There
are enomous quantities of diatoms, mi
croscopic and plants belonging which afford to many the
genera species, the marine animals.
chief food supply for
“The marine animals prey one upon the
other, according to their position in the
scale ot creation, all being eventually
nourished by the minute infusorial or
ganisms filling the ocean in such in con
ceivable numbers. On the ice and in
the water are innumerable seals. Three
species were observed by Ross, and they
varied considerably in their size and
coloring. Their colors ranged from a
dark gray, beautifully marbled with
spots and stripes of a much darker hue,
to almost uniform white. r lhe largest
in size, which were much less numerous
than the smaller species, were armed
with formidible tusks, by which, and
from the shape of their head, they re
sembled the polar bear- and they are
equally dangerous animals to approach.
The largest killed by the expedition un
der Ross weighed gallons 850 pounds oil; and
yielded sixteen feet and of it feet was
nearly twelve long six in
circumferen- e, and its stomach was
found to contain . twenty-eight pounds
offish. The middle sized seal, called
the see leopard the from white the markings on seal, its
fur, as well as antarctic
are so tame that they may be approached
and killed with impunity.
“Then there are sea lions and sea ele
phants, which have been seen in great
numbers south of the Horn. The sea
lions of the female sex fiercely protect
their young, the males endeavoring to
intimidate intruders by their roars of
lusty de :ance. The gashes seen on them
bear evidence of savage encounters
among themselves. Of the marine pro
duce, however the most important have to
our fisheries is the whale. Whales
been seen by all antarctic voyagers,
though their numbers hare more recently
been greatly diminished by the activity
of the whaling vessels. They are almost
exclusively of the fin-back species and
chi f ,the
«?& were of eoomo™
ship s keel. Grampuses < r a
met with. Penguins abound on sea and
land, their _ cry frequency places S - -
above the storm at as remo e as
1 00 miles from any known s ore.
are very large bircls, varying m w -gn ^
they feed Chiefly off the crustaceous ? 0dL ua aii am
mats. On being opened, irom two to
' any Large body of ice, stormy petrels, and
blue petrels are found in great numbers;
^^ 4 SKsa. < SKS 5 a»«
with in considerable numbers. In fact,
sea and air are full of life.
! “The ice conditions naturally present
I the most interesting and characteristic
features of the antarctic regions. The
voyager, on leaving the -temperate zone
to penetrate into the frozen waters of
the far south, would require to have a
very considerable knowledge of naviga
tion among ice as his chief equipment,
and in order to make any length of stay
there he would need a vessel of more
than ordinary strength, capable of with
standing an occasional ‘nip’ from the
battering rams of the dangerous floes,
j What islands is the life and history icebergs? of these They float¬
ing ice are
, all shed from the parent icecap that
j.surrounds and the gradual the pole. projection Extremes of the of iceeup frost
;
j into the sea are the causes of their dis
j ' ruption. the great icecap Here, grows for centuries and moves perhaps, like a
J of living thing. added Each to its season thickness, a fresh which layer
snow is
the rays of the sun convert into ice
more- or less solid. Slowly the huge
cumbrous mass moves over the lower
lying lands and grinding through tho its valleys
toward the sea, under encr
mous weight rocks and boulders, whioh,
from the cohesive nature of ice, it some
times gathers up and conveys along with
it; and this debris is eventually de¬
posited on the sea bottom,
“The coloring of the bergs is magni¬
cent. The general mass closely and crevices resom
bles loaf sugar; tho cavo3
are of the "deepest and purest luminous azure
glow, blue; at and night they emit a believe
there are reasons to
that mauy are Like to a the certain extent of the phos- arctio
phorcsccnt. they bounded bergs by perpendicular
seas are
dill's on all sides. Some of them are
moro than two miles and some as many
as four miles in circumference, while
bergs four miles iu diameter have also
been seen. They have a uniform height
of about 173 foot, 'JO per cent, of their
volume being submerged.”
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL
Feldspar has been successfully imi*
tated by two European scientists,
Th e dectric traveling crane in Minna
a p 0 lis has a capacity of twenty tons,
In many localities in the Alps glate3
are quarried into the tertiary formation.
An electric car line . to the top of Mis
sionary liidge in Tennessee is ptoposea.
Three hundred miles an hour is the
proposed speed for the electric postal
railroad of the future,
The » new dectrieal id be signal apparatus marvel for
ships mechanical use ig 8a to a perfect
0 j ingenuity.
Lie—pa,.™, «*. army,
is . said to have devised a promising
method for synchronous telegraphy,
A powerful hammer is used in Eng
land operated by a mildly explosive mix
tyre of common coal gas and atmospheric
ac¬
Simplicity and accuracy are the chief
characteristics electrical of telegraph the popular in English new engine
room men
of-war.
It has been calculated that not less
than 20,000,000 of meteors, each large
enough to atmosphere be visible as daily, a “shootingstar,”
cn t e r our
Of the total area of California about
one-third is susceptible of sufficient cul¬
tivation to sustain a the moderately aid irriga¬ dense
population witho.it of
tion.
Professor Max Muller holds that, ac
cording to the strict rules of positive
philosophy, we have no right to assert the or
deny anything with reference to so
called mind of animals,
Dr. Le Baron, an such eminent thing physician of
France, says that a as a per
sod having a snake or lizard in his
stomach was never known and never will
be. All such case3 have been imaginary,
The p j a t e rolling mill at the St. Jacques
0 f chattillon Commentry, in
p rance) has cylinders 328 feet in diame
^ er and u j ne teen feet long, with a total
we ight of 55,000 pounds each. They ar«
soon t0 made capable of rolling weigh*
f a ^ 0 t s fj ve feet thick and ingots
iDg Anewandingeuiousschemeforsink- more than 110,000 pounds,
j ng a shaft through sand, silt, and wet,
s j us hy grounds, and excavating it like
r ock has been successfully tried in Bel
„[ um _ Large J iron tubes are sunk in thi
° and about three feet apart, and
or mu
these tubes smaller tubes are inserted,
through which circulates a cool solution
of magnesium chloride. The sand is
f rozen f or a distance of three feet around
the tubes. It resembles rock, is hard and
compact an d can be excavated in the
cam £ manner as rock. It is possible that
the process cau a! g 0 be used to advan
£ aar0 the digging of foundations where
wa t er an( j = a nd are sources of trouble,
or for cut tino- tunned under the beds of
r j vers> ‘
T ^ ? !j , ] . ectnc , . ever „„„„ . built ... ia -_
e rs e crane
the United Hates has just been mtro
duced in the foun ry • •
Co., of Milwaukee, Wis. It is a pon
derous affair, weigh 1 ale „ t ^ t ’
is capable of lifting J » I
& o”*?hffl .i Jr."*neS ?£2
SMffSJi"oS tt other,
j fom oneeB d of the foundry to the
aQOther moves the carriage with which
the crane is provided from one side of
^ f otm ,l r y to the other, and the other
runs the liftin' 1, machinery, its advan
ca^e, g 0Te _ tbo ordinary power traveling is
ca n e > whi'h 1 it resembles somewhat, a
a v f f and the wear aad tear
“ other electfio
f m rhin rv . The onlv
Dobbins’ Electric Soap
r
the best family soap
IN THE WORLD.
1 ! is strictly Pare. Morn in Quality.
HE original formula for which we paid £50,000
twenty years ago has never been modified or
changed in the slightest. quality 'Ill is soup is
identical in to-dny with
that made twenty years that ago. in
I TT contains nothing rubric. can It bright¬
jure the finest
ens colors and bleaches whites.
TT washes flannels and blanlcets as no other soap
J in the world does—without shrinking—leaving
them soft and white and like new.
READ THIS TWICE
rjSHERE is a great uavinc of time, of labor,
bins’ J Electric of soap, Soap of fuel, used and necording of the fabric, where to direc¬ Hob
is
tions.
AXE trial will demonstrate its great merit. It
will pay you to make that trial.
V IKK all best eii.Etxs, it is extensively imi
tated and counterfeited.
Peware of Imitations.
wewwwwMi
TNSIST upon Robbins’ Electric. Don’t take
A Magnetic, Elcctro-Magic, Fiiiladelphia Electric,
or any other fraud, simply because it is cheap. They
will ruin clothes, and are dear at any price. Ask for
---ROBBIAS’ ELECTRIC
and take no other. Nearly every grocer front Maine
to Mexico keeps it in stock. If yours hasn’t it, ho
will order from his nearest wholesale grocer.
VX EAD carefully the inside wrapper around each.
JA each bar, outside and be careful to You follow cannot direction* afford
on wrapper. to
wait longer before trying for yourself this old, reliable,
and truly wonderful
DSbbins’ * Electric* SoaD.
I CURE
FITS!
When I say Cttue I do not mean merely to
stop them for a time, and then have them re¬
turn again. I mean A RADICAL CURB.
I have made the disease of
FITS, EPILEPSY or
FALLING SICKNESS,
A life-long study. I warrant my others remedy have to
Cure the worst cases. Because
failed is no reason for not now receiving a cure.
Send at once for a treatise and a Free Bottle
of my INFALLIBLE Kemejdy. Give Express
and Post Office. It costs you Address nothing for a
trial, and it will cure you.
H.C. ROOT, M.C., 183 Pearl St., New York
ShaasaiaL OTO
m
while as convenient \Y a?
to the buyer as any •
instalment wholesale system, spot cash i-,l\ m 3C
a //—I
system to us. The
co-operation of the m
club members sells us
in PM ____ LA.
38 watches each I jj
S 3 S Watch Club, and we get cash .from
the Club for each watch before it goes
out, though each member only pays
yiH S!g| £1 a week. for This is why than wc give you else
i§|| more your money any one largest
and why we are doing the
rapU watch business in the world. Wc sell
■If gfiM prices only first about quality what others goods, get but forsec- our
Syi! are
ajsl ond quality .Our $10 SllvcrWatcli
sill is a substantial Silver (not imitation Lever 0/
aK ykind) Stem-Wind American
HU Watch—either hunting case or open.
all Our 925.00 Watcli is stiffened a Stem-wind, Gold
|j|| OpenFace first quality, atch ,guaranteed
jfn AmericanLever W to
■■watch wear 20years. It is fully equal We to find any
jjjw|[ first-class sold for Stiffened £38 by Gold others. Case much
jell a
a more satisfactory and serviceable than
any Solid Gold Case that can be sold at
jxSil 3m| less solid than cases double are invariably the money, thin, as weak, cheap
oi low quality, and worthless after
_Sffill S|| short use. Our $38 Watch contains
numerous important vital patented im¬
provements, of importance to accur-i
ate IVind.&c., timing —Patent which Dustproof, controlexclusively. Patent Stem It
wc B
is bility fully equal for accuracy, appearance, Watch, either dura¬
and service, to any £75
Open Face or Hunting. Our $ 43.00 Rail¬
road Watch is especially constructed for
the most exacting use, and is the best Rail¬
road Watch made, Open Face or Hunting.
All these prices are either all cash or in clubs,
91.00 a week. An Ajax Watch &
Insulator given free with each ClubComi Watch. *
The Keystone Watch A.
Main WALNUT Office In Co’c Own PH11ADA. Building PA. v/.jq XCji
004 ST.
Agents Wanted. PuJ, I
Ajax Watch Insulator, $1.00 if-.
A perfect protection against magnetism, receipt ^
Fit any Watch. Sent by mail on 1 ^
fit price. CZ7* refer to any Commercial Agency.
| CD THAT FIGHT
The Original Wins.
M, C. F. Simmons, St. Louis, Prop’r
lj M. A. Simmons Liver Medicine, Est’d
' I 1840, in the U. S. Court defeats J.
jj 1"“ 8 H. Zeilin, Prop’r A. Q. Simmons Liv
er Regulator, Est’d by Zeilin 1868.
1^1 i M. A. S. L. M. has for 47 years
' cured Indigestion, Biliousness,
L t Dyspepsia,Sick Headache,Lost
f Appetite, Souk Stomach, Etc,
I V 1 ' * A s\Church, Rev. T. B. Reams, Pastor M. E:
O Adams, Tenn., writes: “I
^ ■. .J * 1 think for I your should Genuine have been M. dead A. Sim- but
fr\dEHD*5l Jf 1 -—mons Liver Medicine. had I have
I I crrucl sometimes to substitute
| /CflWjr./ “Zeilin’s stuff” for your Medi
cine, but it don’t answer the
| r,*na I purpose.” Dr. J. R. Graves, Editor The
» Baptist, Memphis, Tenn. says*
I r eceived a package of your Liver
j| Medicine, and have used half of it.
w It works like a charm. I want no
u better Liver Regulator and cer
\ tainly no more of Zeiliu’s mixture.
A'
m 8
ss ;
SB 93 SewinB-Sfachine b 1 i h
A O st once «* 81 a B
Lcqil vStw placing trade to our ail part%, machines by
ljl^aad good* wh ere the people can aoe
than, we will send free to one
person in each locality,the eery
best sewing-machine made in
Uhe w orld, with ail the attaxhments.
Wc will also fend f ree a complete
line of our costly and valuable art
samples. In return we ask that yoa
\£s t .months show may call what all at shall your we send, become home, to and those your after own who 2
iproperty. after This the Singer srrand machine ia
[made k which have run out before patent*, patent*
-
^_^*ttarhmcnta, m run out it sold for &&&, with the
_ ^ _ ___ . — F •S-aO. and now sells for
PtSmmm T 1 SkB* Best, strongest, world. most All use- ia
b rfol I—N machine capital in the required. Flam,
£ ■ dC Kt- o
brief .nstractions riven. Those who write to us at once can w
rure the bent sewimr-machtne in the world, and the
no-of work* of hirh art ever shown together in America.
. Main#*
1 ULL a CO.. Box * 40 , Augusta.
HEW HOUSE! HEW GOODS!
NEW PRICES.
91.1.. PARKER,
HILTON, GEORGIA,
DEALER IX
General Merchandise, Dry-Goods,
Groceries, Boots, Shoes, Clothing, &c.
Has just opened at the Hudson <C- Johnston corner a stock of fresh
goods ivhich low prices and courteous treatment must sell .
Cash paid for Country Produce—Chickens, Butter, Eggs, &c.
A. 0. CHANCELLOR. T. J. PEAROB.
CHANCELLOR to PEARCE
Successors to
.< * s A. C. CHANCELLOR,
jM ?•£
COLUMBUS, GA.
MERCHANT TAILORS,
\ WHOLESALE AND RETIAL
O: CLOTHIERS AND HATTERS
Our buyer is in New York
t purchasing the largest and
most complete stock evercai !
sied by the house. I
Mr. J. W. Ferris, (late c f
New York), who is acknowl¬
2 edged the finest and most sue
cessful cutter in the South, is
h l If- «_ in charge of our §
TAILORING DEPARTMENT.
*ess&. We solicit a call. Price
guaranteed the lowest.
C. SCHOMBURC 1
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER
DEALER IN
DIAMONDS, FINE JEWELRY
WATCHES, CLOCKS and SILVERWARE,
Repairing Watob.es, Clocks afid Jewelry a Specialty.
No. 1115 Broad St, Columbus, Ga.
HARRISON’S SHOE STOKE,
1132 BROAD ST., COLUMBUS, GA
Everybody is invited to call and look at our stock of
ROOTS AND SHOES.
REGULAR “ALLIANCE” PRICES
ON EVERYTHING.
SECHLER & CO.
V A. JO-VI ? CAP IT AM STOCK, 9)100,000.
ci3srcxirnsr^.Ti, ohio. _
STYLE.
Business and Pleasure Vehicles
Proprietors and Sole Users of Sector's Improved Perfection Fifth-WhseL
"
All Work Guaranteed as Jtepresvnted.
BEND FOB CATALOGUE.
Hamilton Buggy Company,
HAMILTON, OHIO, (L
Manufacturers of Hamilton Grades of Vehicles.
BUGGIES.
EDITOR!Ali SPECIAL BUGGY OF ANY STYLE VEHICLE.
SPECIAL FEATURES : C \
Proportion, Durut)ility, Perfection of Finish,
This “ Mirror ” finish work ii the best medium-priced work in the United States. *
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. HAMILTON BUGGY CO#
\ IZZ
i
\ // \
MANUFACTURERS OF
&
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\
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DUBABILITY,
CARRIAGES.