Newspaper Page Text
Tiie raril Coniiy M
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
W. J. McAFEE, Editor and Proprietor.
SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00 PER ANNUM.
Official Organ of Crawford County.
KNOXVILLE, GEORGIA.
Entered at the postoffice at Knoxville,
Ga., as second-class matter.
How many acres of land in Cra wford
county will produce a bale each of cot¬
ton the present year? It is said that
“what man has done, man may doagain,”
and as there are several acres of land
within two or three miles of Knoxville
from which a bale of cotton per acre has
been gathered in past years, it is but
reasonable to suppose that the experiment
might be repeated on a larger scale.
The French Government has decided
to again undertake the manufacture of
lucifer matches, and to avoid the expense
of creating a special department will
place it under the tobacco bureau.
Mr. Randall’s death removed from the
House of Representatives the last of a trio
of notable men, who have died within
eight months. The first to go was “Sun¬
set” Cox, of New York, and following
him was Judge William D. Kelley, of
Pennsylvania.
“For the hundred years or more of out
country's history,the dogs have been after
the sheep,” exclaims the Prairie Farmer,
“but now for the first time the census
will be after the dogs; they will be ac¬
counted for the same as the horses, cat-
tie, sheep, swine and other animals on
the farms, and in cities and villages as
well.”
Canada will no longer be a harbor of
safety and refuge for thieves, for the cx-
tradition treaty with Great Britain has
been formally ratified, and is now, in the
language of the Constitution, “the
supreme law of the land.” The Boston
Cultivator thinks that hereafter thosj
who seek an asylum where they may be
safe from the clutches of the law will
steer soutli instead of north, and that
Buenos Ayres will have a boom.
The reignig beauty of New York so-
ciety is now Miss Julia Screiner, a niece
of William Cullen Bryant. She is six
feet tall, and the Prince of Wales says
she is the most distinguished-looking
American woman he ever met. Where
are our American poets? laments the
Chicago llerahl. Tennyson, if he could
see her, would weave another “Princess”
about this Amazonian beauty. And how
Byron would have raved over her! “Her
stature tall, . ,, „ says , he, “I ,, T . hate a dumpy .
woman.”
That the higher education of woman
in this country is something of very re¬
cent growth is a fact, says the New York
btar, ... that . . . apt . to . get . out . of , mind. . , We
is
realize it in a forcible manner, however,
when we read that Vassar College is
about to celebrate its twenty-fifth anni¬
versary. That is a short career; but few
institutions of learning have, in their
first quarter century of existence, a rec¬
ord of more brilliant achievement than
that which pertains to this pioneer fe¬
male college.
“Of all the accidents which occur
thermos’ ItaL'ng ^^the^on
Hospital. “It is well to remember that
in severe cases the shock due to the
fright as well as the burn is the first
thing to be considered. If medical help
is not obtainable at once, the best thing
to do is to wrap the burnt person up in a
blanket, put him in a warm place with
hot bottles to . , his . feet, - , and , give . him a
little hot brandy and water or something.
The easiest applications to procure in an
emergency with which to cover up the
wounded parts from the air are flour or
salad oil.”
Artificial ice is now an assured com
mercial fact, announces the Manufactur¬
ers' Record, thanks to the costly experi¬
ments that have been made in the South
to secure it. Its manufacture has been
reduced ..... to such a science and , degree of
economy that several plants have been
established in the North. The most
. to . its manufac-
sign can ae in rtgar
ture is the report that the Pennsylvania
Railroad will enter upon the manufacture
of their own ice. This company uses
some 45,000 tons a jear. and are reported
to li.ive arranged to extablish five 25-tor.
plants along their lines to supply all the
ice used, both in the passenger and re
fngerator , . . serr.ee. . One „ plnnt , « report*
as already under way.
AN OLD FARMER'S EXPERIENCE
WITH FARMING.
Two Kinds of Farming—Briars—Mis¬
chievous Hogs—Contrary
Mules, Etc.
Mr. Editor: —There has been a great
deal said and written in regard to there the
pleasures of a farmer's life. Well,
are two kinds of farmers, one who does
his own work and another who sits on
the fence and has the work done. The
latter I suppose to be the one who enjoys
the happiness in farming. The farmer
who clears out the old fence, and has to
work in briars up to his waist before he
can get to the old, rotten fence, and
every now and then have a big, old briar
slash him in the face—that is so nice.
Now, this is just the beginning of the
year's work, and it continues very much
on the same line until the crop is culti¬
vated and gathered.
Don’t tell me that njman.or a boy either,
is overly happy while he is plowing with
his shoes full of dirt and a good size
rock in each shoe, to say nothing
about the old contrary mule,or ox as the
case may be, and every once and a while
get a heavy kick from the handle of the
plow, and many other things that cause
men and boys to use language that they
would not like to be heard at a pro¬
tracted meeting. will contend
Still the kid glove man
that the farmer’s life is the happiest on
the face of the green earth. Gentlemen.
1 know what I am talking about when 1
say that the New York drummer sees
more real pleasure in one week than the
average farmer sees in a lifetime.
The farmer has something on his mind
all the while to trouble him. The pigs
have gotten into the corn field and rooted
up his corn, or the old sow has broken
through neighbor Jones’ garden and
rooted up his potato bed, and neighbor
Jones has come over to tell you that if
you don’t do something with that old
sow, he will be obliged to kill the pesky
ohl thing. About the time you get
neighbor Jones reconciled and pay the
damage the old sow has caused, your
biggest boy comes running to tell you
that Mr. Smith’s goats are every one in
the oat field, and it goes on from one ag-
fetation to another the year round.
Now, I am ready to agree with Kid
Glove when he says that the farmer is the
hone and sinew of the universe, but it
takes muscle and sweat to bring it out
and don’t you forget it. Yours * truly,
* • - ScATT.
CERES CULLINGS.
Good Stands of Cotton—Hail Storm-
The Railroad-School Affairs--
Personal,
Our farmers have splendid stands for
cotton.
Miss Delia Jackson is visiting relatives
near Dawson, Ga.
The track-laying force leading on the from M. & this B.
R. It., crossed the road
place to Forsyth Monday.
3Iir,s Lizzie Moncrief, of Marshallville,
Ga., is in our ville this week visitiug the
family of Mr. >1. J. Moore.
School here was suspended a few days
last week. The teacher is able to re-
sume her duties in the school room again
this week.
A heavy hail-storm passed a Not few much miles
east of here Sunday evening.
damage was done to crops, as the peb¬
bles were small.
Ceres Academy has a faithful and ef-
fieent teacher, highly valued by tbe
patrons, which is shown by a regular and
lud attendance,
Dr. T. J. Dewberry’s attention to
certain P ati ent during the past three
years has been very faithful, if not effec¬
tual. C.
ITEMS FROM WARRIOR.
The railroad force is building the tres¬
tle work on the other side of .Moran's
mill.
'' AnoSmr
The members of Bethel church have
organized a Sunday school. They hold
a P ra yer meeting every Sunday evening.
There was a heavy hail storm in the
neighborhood of Mrs. Cloud's and Mr.
Burnett’s on Sunday evening, May 18th.
’?H uire Sterling Tucker, of Howard
district, v . is lying on his deathbed. Also
’Squire Alex Cherry, of Vineville. is
paralyzed and not able to help himself.
The colored school house two miles
this side of Macon and another one close
tolt ’ were burned Wednesday. Christian It is
supposed that some good negro
set them on fire.
J.
SiND HILL SIFTIHGS.
Cotton Chopping—Picnic--Personal
Editor Herald TT —I TT beg enough ,
space
in your valuable paper for a few lines.
The farmers are about through choping
COttOD.
Miss Minnie Kennedy spent a few da\s
with Mrs. Champion this week.
The young people had a picnic at Mr.
B. J. Champion's mill last Saturday, and
Mr. A. J. Manm s.!d th* t he enjoyed it
*
Mr ' Ed ^ ar Uhampauion's otber mule thr OU2b ran
Wlth the 1),0 w the
hls , largest cotton, . and knocked , , off
enough blooms to make a bale of cotton,
W. W.
ODDEST OF ALL INDIANS.
THE FAIR-HAIEED AND BLUE-EYED
MANDANS OP DAKOTA.
A Theory Advanced That They are
Descended From a Band of Welsh
Explorers—Peculiar Traits.
In the gallery at the National Museum
are portraits of Indians with light hair
and blue eyes. George Catlin found such
Indians among the Mandans. He dis¬
covered many other peculiarities in the
Mandans during the months he lived with
them^nd painted his pictures. He de¬
veloped the interesting theory that this
tribe was descended from a band of
Welsh explorers who landed in North
America nearly 200 years before
Christopher Coiumbus came in the Santa
Maria.
There were ten ships which left North
Wales under the direction of Prince
Madoc or Madawc early in the fourteenth
century. They never returned. It is
historical supposition that these explorers
landed on the west of what is Florida
now, or somewhere about the mouth of
the Mississippi, traveled into the interior,
and gradually amalgamated with the
Indians.
Catlin concluded that Madoc's men
established their colony in what is now
Ohio. They may have ascended the
river from the Gulf, or they may have
marched inland from the coast. After
he had lived among these Indians in their
fortified city on the Upper Missouri,
Catlin traced their course backward,
down the Missouri and up the Ohio, to
the extensive fortifications in that State.
He found Mandan ruins in a dozen places.
He became satisfied that the ancestors of
the Indians he knew had built these forts
with walls twenty or thirty feet high,
and with covered ways to the water.
There was a striking similarity in the
work of construction. Nothing like it
was found among other tribes. The
specimens of pottery dug from the forti¬
fications in Ohio were like the utensils in
use by the Mandans. A visitor at the
village could see the Mandan women
molding vases, cups, pitchers, and pots
from black clay and baking them m the
little kilns which they build in the sides
of hills. The Mandans alone of North
American Indians possessed the art of
manufacturing a beautiful and lasting
kind of blue glass beads. They had these
beads in great quantities when the fur
traders first came among them. They
kept the process secret. Mandan canoes
were altogether different from the canoes
of other tribes. They were exactly like
the Welsh coracle, and were made of
buffalo hides stretched over a frame of
willows or other boughs, and were shaped
so as to be nearly as round as a tub.
These were few of the facts which
strengthened Catlin in his theory. He
argued that the Welshmen had settled in
Ohio and had fortified themselves. They
had been warred against by the Indians,
and after their ammunition gave out they
had been exterminated. But the half-
breeds had been spared. Half breeds
are always despised by full-blood Indi-
ans. These sous and daughters of
Welshmen and Indian women had natu-
rally associated together in a band. They
had cut loose from parent tribes. Gradu-
ally they had made their way down the
Ohio and then up the Mississippi and
the Missouri, stopping for a generation
or so in one fortified place, and then
moving on, increasing in numbers, pre¬
serving some of the customs and char¬
acteristics of their Welsh ancestors, and
trying to find a place where they could
live at peace, but aloof from other
tribes.
Catlin found the Mandans living be-
hind a well-built stockade. They had
located their principal city where the
Missouri made a sharp turn around
a reeky ledge. On two sides of the
town was this abrupt precipice and the
river. On the remaining side was the
stockade. This was composed of tim-
bers a foot thick, set firmly in the
ground, and eighteen feet high. Crevices
were left between the timbers to shoot
through. Along the inside of the stock-
ade ran a ditch three or four feet deep,
In this ditch the Mandan warriors found
shelter while discharging their arrows at
the foes without. Their fortified city
was impregnable.
Nothing like the Mandan architecture
was found by Mr. Catlin among any of
the other North American Indians. The
lodges were circular, and from forty to
sixty feet in diameter. The first work
m the construction of a Mandan house
was an excavation two feet deep the full
size of the proposed building. Around
the edge of the excavation were firmly
p anted timbers, as closely together as
they could be placed. The timbers were
of eight or nine inches thickness and
aoout six feet high. Earth was banked
up against the outside of this wall of
timbers. Then from the top of this
wooden wall long poles from twenty to
twenty-five feet were arranged, with the
smaller ends slanting upward at an angle
of forty-five degrees. The roof timbers
were so closely matched that they pressed
agamst each other. The circular roof
J** 8 lurllu ‘r strengthened by four or five
J* r » e P osts set inside the lodge, and
having cross pieces just below the pole
mat' of wdlow^t^prevent willow^mat tKole^ S
decay and over the
heaped and pressed a conple of feet of
tenacious clay. The sloping roof soon
became as hard as a pavement. It was
^ f athe ™g P lace of tbe during
the day. Warriors , lounged on the house-
.op to talk of war. The children and
dogs played on the roof. Squaws gos-
siped there. Sledges and canoes, buffalo
skulls and pots found lodging places on
the top of the houses.
These Mandan houses were built so
closely together that between them were
only narrow pathways. At a distance
the dome-like yellow roofs presented a
singular appearance. On nearer ap¬
proach the visitor found himself among
a lot of great mud huts. The greatest
surprise was after entrance. Then it was
discovered that these were wooden
houses, dry and dean, and often furn¬
ished with household comforts unknown
to other Indians. At the apex of the
roof was left an opening three or four
feet across for smoke to escape and for
light to enter. A single door on the
level of the ground was the only other
opening in the Mandan lodge.
In the centre of the Mandan village
was a piazza 150 feet across and circular
in form. There the games and ceremo¬
nies peculiar to the Mandans took place.
A large, curiously constructed object
stood in the centre or the vacant space.
It looked something like a hogshead.
The Mandans called it the “big canoe.”
It looked enough like an ark in its plan
to show that the suggestion came from
the flood. In the “big canoe” the most
sacred symbols and mysteries of this pe¬
culiar people were kept. projected poles,
High above the lodges
and from the poles hung the scalps taken
in battle, the shields and quivers of war¬
riors, the medicine bags and the flutter¬
ing strips of cloth intended as sacrifices
t° the Great Spirit. They
The Mandans were agriculturists. squashes in
raised coru, pumpkins and
great quantities. They had no plows,
but laboriously chopped the soil with
11068 made from the shoulder blades of
buffalo or elks. Their corn was pecu¬
liar. It made ears which were no larger
than a man’s thumb, but it ripened early,
and matured well even in such high lati¬
tude as the Northern Pacific of North
Dakota. White men in what was once
the Mandan country claim that it is im¬
possible to raise corn there. The seasons
are too short.
The Mandans stored their corn and
dried vegetables in cellars made six or
seven feet deep and smaller at the top,
like a jug. In this way they easily pre-
served food through the worst winters.
Wild fruit was gathered and dried in sea-
son. The buffalo meat was jerked,
These Mandans were provident people,
They needed no Indian agent or Govern-
ment annuities. Meal time came twice a
day amoDg the Mandans, but the pot was
always on and any one had the right to
order it off and go to eating when he
pleased. Man, woman or child might
enter any lodge and eat at will. At meal
time the Mandan men sat cros3-legged
and ate from dishes resting on the
ground in front of them. The women
never ate with the men. They, too, sat
upon the ground, but in taking their
position did it gracefully by dropping
down with both feet to one side,
Indian traders told Catlin that he would
be charmed with the “polite and friend-
ly Mandans.” Governor Clarke, of
Lewis <fc Clarke fame, described the Man-
dans to the artist as strange people and
half white, Catlin described them as
rather below the average size of Indians,
but finely formed and graceful in their
movements. Among the women partic-
ularly were many whose skins were al-
most white, and who had hazel, gray or
blue eyes. There was every shade of
hair except auburn. The men seemed
ashamed of their light hair, and dis¬
guised it with glue and black earth.
But the women were proud of theirs,and
wore it spread out and down to their
knees. Mr. Catlin noticed especially
the attention which the Mandans gave to
their personal appearance. They were
cleanly and much given to personal
adornment. Above the city, a half mile
or more, the women and girls had a bath-
i°g place set apart for them. To this
they went every morning at sunrise. On
an elevation some distance back of the
bathing place sentries with bows
and arrows were stationed to pre-
ve nt the approach of Peeping Toms,
Below the city the men and boys bathed
every day.
Although there were individuals
among them with records for great per-
sonal bravery, the Mandans were not a
warlike people. They avoided hostilities
as long as possible. They cared more for
sports and for ceremonies than for fight-
in g-
Six years after Mr. Catlin’s visit among
the Mandans, smallpox was introduced
in the city by a fur trading boat. At that
time the Sioux were making war upon
the Mandans, and the afflicted people
were shut up within their fortifications,
The ravages of the disease were terrible,
Intelligent beyond the average of In-
dians, the Mandans became panie-
stricken. The disease was so malignant
that death occurred in a few hours,
Many, on finding themselves attacked,
committed suicide by leaping down the
precipice. Others, when the fever came
pn, flung themselves into the river. Four
Bears, the chief, was one of the few who
recovered, but he 6aw his wives and chil-
dren perish until he alone of his family
lived. He walked through the city and
wept as he gazed upon the unburied
dead. He went into the lodge and cov-
ered the bodies * her « w ? th ™ bes - He
Cn t U f u P° n tbe P raine , an wrapping
v fo“death w “sta^ation.*
b.v The traders
reasoned with him. He would not live,
On the sixth day he had barely strength
left to crawl into the city. Returning to
his lodee he Z lav down wL" iT beside his
On P
Of the 2000 people in the Maudau city
scarcely 100 survived the- epidemic. Mr
Catlin was under the impression that the
few survivors, after having' been made
slaves by the Riccarees, sought death at
the hands of the Sioux in battle, and that
the Mandans became entirely extinct.
Thomas Donaldson, through whom the
Catlin collection of Indian paintings
reached the National Museum, has cor-
rccted this error. He found that twenty-
three warriors, forty women, and sixty
young people escaped the smallpox and
found a refuge with the Riccarees. The
Mandans now number about 500. They
live in a village near Fort Buford. The
agent says of them: “I am sure that
there is not nor could there be produced
a band of so many whites among whom
so litcle crime has been committed.”_
Globe-Democrat.
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.
Electricity moves 288,000 miles pei
second.
Krupp has just completed a gun for
the Russian Government that has a range
of eleven miles.
A farmer of Braintree, Mass., has just
died from glanders, having caught the
disease of one of his horses.
The habitual drinking of boiled watei
would insure escape from sickness and
death to thousands of the human race
yearly.
It is announced that a photographei
named Veresez, in Kla, Transylvania, has
succeeded in taking photographs in nat¬
ural colors.
Signor Succi, the Italian scientist, has
come to the front again with his discov¬
ery of a liquid, the use of which enables
a man to go an unlimited length of time
without food.
A Russian officer has invented a lumin-
ous projectile to be thrown from a gun.
It is claimed that it will be extremely
useful for discovering the movements oi
an enemy in a naval contest at night.
Silks that are dyed in this country are
less heavily weighted and are not sub-
ject to spontaneous combustion, bul
the Frenchmen often use two pounds and
a half of dye stuff to one pound of silk.
The rich magnetic iron near Dahlonega,
Ga., continues to excite much interest.
Thousands of acres are being conveyed
by option to outside capitalists, who
propose developing it when the railroad
is completed.
Cheese is one of the very few moderD
food substances which arqf ^never grossly
adulterated. Its only adulterant, in fact,
at the present time is its coloring ma-
terial, which is usually ftnnatto, saffron
or common carrots. ) \
According to reliably, 20( &x‘>'V xstimt)^ not
more than one egg in wo atur-
ally in the waters produc ^ >V* V*, / pable
of feeding itself, thus a g by
far the greatest expec^ ' o will , S [ ruc .
tion in the number of o bhe tht%t’ne
female.
In Europe iron slag is casJ er( ‘ ,-jocks
and used for street mvemenft xtirma Mflisa |»W.
building. In Cleveland, itf Oir 9 leial
factory which converts 1S
wool. It is a mass particleJor of vJ ,iaa Wfy tefons
filled with glassy 'jL f ' 'X
pliant and inelastic. stejP^ t'* ra y
pressed The substitution air in of inteidimier Jpm-
a gun shirow
■shells containing dynamit' sympat j. .• high
explosives is proposed In iVer-W he ad-
vantages claimed being boii^f'itvithfluUlis tRe iisMing of
power direct from the .M
use of air-compressing machinery >
One-seventh of the coal. nUned s lost
from being broken up too fine i to be
burned with profit. A promin it Ik real-
road company is now compressing mixing fit ’'into dust
with pitch, and (with
blocks that burn like hard coal, consumed thej
advantage that they are entirely
to ashes and leave no clinkers.
English stoats and weasels ah being
exported to New Zealand from England 1
in large numbers to kill off the rabbits,’
and the rats which have been food for
the stoats and weasels in England in- 1
are
creasing enormously in many districts.;
There is talk of a movement to prevent
the exportation of any more rat destroy¬
ers.
The natives of Hayti, according to Dr.
R. P. Crandall, fear pulmonary consump-
tion more than yellow fever or small-pox,
and believe it to be both contagious and
infectious. All property from a con¬
sumptive’s death-chamber—even jewels
and money—is destroyed or removed to
a place of deposit, and small houses are
burned.
An electrician, writing recently on tbe
action of electricity on the human body,'
says that just what takes place in the
human organism to produce death front
an electric current seems to be an un-
solved problem. One of the theories
sometimes advanced concerning it is that
when a being suffers death from electric
shock it is a pure case of internal rupture
or explosion from the generation of gas
or vapor.
Steam-Heated Family Tombs.
An innovation which will doubt¬
less give rise to a considerable amount o(
discussion is that of heating mausoleums.'
Those of the late Emperor Frederick, of
Germany, at Potsdam, and of his father-
in-law, the late Prince Consort, at Wind¬
sor, are both being fitted with an elabor¬
ate system of radiators and steampipes.
Thi9, however, is a fashion which is not
likely to become popular. For the num¬
ber of persons who can afford to main-
tain steam engines and boilers for the
purpose of keeping their family tombs
warm is necessarily limited.— Timet-
Democrat.