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RUSSIAN PEASANT LIFE. EXISTENCE ’VIATJT2 A BT7RDK?T 3Y TAXATION AND EXTOBTION. Description of the Homes of the Lower Classes—Their Food, Cloth¬ ing and Amusements. The monotony of peasant life is simply indescribable, especially among the older members of the communities. They rise with the sun and labor almost incessantly until he sinks to rest. Scanty raiment, often insufficient food, and at all times cf the coarsest quality, are not apt to pro¬ duce smiling faces or happy hearts. Every act of the peasant's life is imbued with a certain sadness. If he laughs, it is in a subdued, quiet manner; if he sings, it is always in minor notes, a sad refrain of the still sadder thoughts of his heart. Even when intoxicated, he is dif¬ ferent from the same class of other na¬ tions; instead of becoming quarrelsome, he leans to the other extreme, and is one of the best-natured creatures on earth ; bis sole desire seems to be to embrace all xvitlun ... . , his . reach. , rn Tae . peasant . s house , in . a simple structure, onlv on rare occasions containing ° more than one room. Tlle roof r . usually thatched * ■» i except , . is • a one, 1 in cases of . more tnan ordinary prosperity, when boards arc used, ’ which afford greater security against wind j and , rain. ■ The single ofbome apartmeDt, whieh receive, Ihe name na ‘ ne ot ho “ e ’ is fu-nished l saea the tue e- = -e space 1 round witn narys or wooden , beucncs. , These dunng ’ tue day take the • place , of r chairs, i • and j at . night . . , are used . ’ ° as f, tiie sleeping , quarters of c the .. entire family. p -, . They know nothing of beds sucu as are . this ■ in use in country. J Perhaps the most unique furnishing of its kind is the ovenlike stove built against one side of the room. This is composed entirely ot brick, and serves a double purpose, for, after perlormiug its daily function, for the it is aged utilized members as a sleeping of the j p.ace more j family. Between the stove and floor is a space of several inches, in which | chickens are cared for during the long, cold winter, ihe floor of the one room is ol earth, beaten to the hardness ol stone. The most important feature ol j the peasant home is what is known as thc “sacred coiner,” in which reposes an image of the Virgin, and several Icons (saints). Its construction is a model oi i simplicity. Usually the most prominent corner of the room is devoted to the celebration of this sacred custom. A bracket projecting some distance irom j the wall holds the sacred image of the Virgin, while, directly in front of it a lamp hangs suspended by chains from the ceiling. The quality of metallised in the caains denotes the wealth of the owner. This lamp is kept burning dur- j ing the three hundred and sixty-five days ot the year, aud the people believe if by | any accident the light becomes extin- l gu shed the direst calamities will befall the careless family. The succeeding ; days, while awaiting the coining sorrow, ! arc ma rued by much depression aud sad- ness of mamier. Each member of the 1 household, on entering or leaving the | room, turns to the sacred corner, aud, j reverently bearing the head, cross them¬ selves three times. There is a certain solemnity attached to this performance which inpires the bohoidcr with a feeling of awe, and should a guest or member of j the family refuse to comply with the . time-honored custom they are quickly given to understand that their presence is not desirable. The peasants, especially the women, I dearly love to visit aud go'ssip with their I neighbors, and at the ciose of the day’s labors may be found in little groups quietly “chatting” and working. The work in the field during the daytime is followed by work of another sort in the evening. The Russian peasant always carries her distaff, and while holding sweet converse with her friend swiftly conrerts the flax she has brought with her into thread, which is afterward woven into the world-famed liucu of the country. The men sometimes accoinnany their wives and sweethearts, but they also do not believe in idleness, and carry work in some form with them. Sometimes is a farm implement in need of repairs, sometimes it is harness, shoes or some articles belonging to the home; no matter what it is, it- is carried along, and re- ceives the needed attention. In these gatherings men and women seat them¬ selves indiscriminately on the floor, and if not conversing, chant the sweet, sad •wusic of their native land. They are »aiepts in the folk lore with which the country abounds, but it, like their music, is weird and thrilling, full of the mysteri¬ ous. Occasionally, when they are par- tUularly jovial, thev indulge in sallies of wit; but their wi't is heavy, nothing sparkling about it. But even such as it is, it gives one a glimpse of the bright Bide oi their nature The men never join in the gossip of the women. They are far too serious for any such frivolity. They consider it beneath their dignity to talk of their neighbors' affairs. The Russian peasants, as a rule, are a singularly healthy people, and tree from any form of disease. Tiie young people of both sexes have their various pleasures, particularly in the winter season, when they indulge in the games and pa-.imes Toiumon to the country. Tnev are moderately fond of dancing, and iu those parts of the Empire where the climate is sufficiently severe, they go out in large sleighing parties, whicn afford them much nmusement. In the matter of food the peasant taste is rather peculiar. Sour cabbage soup is a favorite dish, especially M if flavored with fat salt pork. The SSSZZFZtt'SZiS the cravings of hunger. Meat i* not considered so great a luxury as formerly, but even now it is rarely eaten except during a olidav season. Fish is the staple article of food, and happy the peasant if he lives near a lake or stream. They prepare the same kind of fish in several different ways, all tempting and palatable. In the way of vegetables, mushrooms and onions are most used, and during their season are both plentiful and cueap. Perog is a peculiar kind of cake, highly prized by the peasant. Each cake sells foi five kopekas, and il money chances to be plenty the peasant fairly revels in its fat-soaked crusts, be¬ tween which is closed a mixture of fish, onions and bacon. Tea may be consid¬ ered the national drink, and eight or ten euos is the ordinary allowance at a sit¬ ting. The samovar is in constant use, and at all hours of the day the family may be quaffing this refreshing beverage. It is prepared by pouring a small quan¬ tity of tea of ordinary strength into a glass and filling it up with boiling water; . in this one or two slices of lemon are ' , . - ‘j. . S occasion- b ,j ce ' iS /f. l )e stU1 SI P ’ g")-a • . mhhle of hnnp . sojar troma | held in his left hand. Vodki, \ next to tea, , . the , drink . • , most , indulged . . . . wmle ... is in, T®-, » hquor made . r from rye or barley, , , is also a favorite drink. Give a Russian ! P««"t . plenty , , ol . markumves . , (tobacco ... ' ° f the strongest quality and a good-sized j bo!tie of vodki (whisky) and he is the happiest . . , creature . . existence, , i ,V, in 1 he dress . of P the peasant . consists . , of , * a , long, " loose . outer , garment, . ’ confined „ , at the waist by a bi - oad belt . T his in sum- mer is ■ made a of e some „■ turn, - coarse ma- terial; . , . ■ it - of c sheepskin, , with ... , in winter . . is lbe woo u y side turned in. It is so loosely confined that the wearer has perfectfree- t i om 0 f rao tion. The trousers are of home- made linen. Stockings are never worn; bu t fis a substitute a long piece of linen cloth is wound around the foot and an k le. In winter flannel takes the place 0 f linen. Their siioesare sometimes made Q f tbe un tanned hide of the bullock, at others of the bark of trees; even woolen cloth is used for the purpose. They are kept in place by numerous leather thongs wound around the leg and ankle until they form a perfect network, which also ser ves to confine the linen strip. The holiday garment worn by the men is of scarlet cloth and open in front. The costume of the women consists of ashort s gi r t of some bright-colored, cheap raa- terial. The jupka (waist) is cut square j Q the neck, and is prettily ornamented with strips carried over the shoulders. 'p be jupka is worn over a blouse of homemade linen. The effect of the entire costume is extremely picturesque. The distinction between married aud single women is shown iu the arrangement of the hair. The married women are never se en without a coronet-shaped headdress, W iiilc young women simply dress theliair two long braids down the back; on festive occasions thc ends are tied with bright ribbons. During warm weather the head is seldom covered, but ocea- sionallv bright handkerchief - ' be a may st -ea picturesquely arranged over the flossy braids. Tae outdoor garment of the women in summer is a long loose sack, made of some thin dark material; i Q winter cloth is substituted. The shoes worn are the safne as those of the men.— j^ ew York Star. Taxation in Switzerland. Almost the fiist difficulty that besets a tr vin § ^ - ovem f °r themselves is - tbe 4 uestl0n of reveuue ’ Where 18 the money to come from? Taxes, the bug¬ bear of all nations, also puzzle the Swiss. His method of raising them iu some of the cantons is alike interesting and novel. No official assessment is made of prop¬ erty. Blanks are distributed to every b( , to , be fii ed , . , b ts °f cu aQts ? U3e ’ m v ‘ P ’ ~ The . known tue “progres- system is as Sl '’^ tax seme. A ’ ' vho $4090 worth of property, P 1 - 8 ' 011 1 ° 1 ’ owns $JO,000 . worth, pays taxes on eight- tcntbs of it; wl,lI « C > ' Vlth hls * 100 < 000 w ‘* r h °f f P ro P er J. pays taxes on tue whole * fh f resu 1 18 tbat 0 W s uot the I proportional . f twenty-fave times the amount Aa tfiXe8 ’ but hft v tl rae8 1 * 8 mnch - - / he l “ c ome tax 18 mana =' ed 1 alter a simi ‘ ar f as llon . * The rich pay out of all proportion to the poorer classes. They probably would not change places with the poor, how¬ ever, even to save what they decry as un¬ just taxation. The plan is not always a papular one. Leaving every man to as¬ sess himself has the disadvantage which the rich, with stocks and bonds, some¬ times do not make return of them. When nch . , _ . ... however , Gu a bwlS8 ’ tau * era - «ncnt control 1 of h.a csUte quickly makes amends for all his past misdeeas in the way of assessments, and every penny of taxes held back is now deaucted, to- getuer with compound interest and flues. — Harper's Magazine. Fancy Cabinet Wools. Of the woods that are chiefly used in fancy cabinet work, ebony comes mostly from Ceylon and 3Iadagascar, and is sold by importers at eight cents per pound, Stainwood is grown on the island of San Domingo and in Porto Rico. It is one of the beautiful woods, and is described as a “canary yellow.” In the log it sells at seventy-five cents per foot. Tulip wood is but little used. It is imported more for turning aud inlaying thau auy- thing eise. It is found in Central Aruer- ica, aud when brought to New York sells for eight cents per pound. — Chicago Herald. SITTING BULL DEAD. HE IS KILLED IN ATTEMPTING TO ESCAtM- FROM THE INDIAN POLICE. A dispatch from St. Paul, Mina., says: Sitting Bull has been kdle i. Genera Miles received two dispatches Mondu evening—ti st from Pie re, S. D., sta'ing that Sittin- Bull and his son had bee: killed, but giving no further particulars Rock The other wa> from Standing polici agency and stating that Indian started out during the morning to arrest Sitting Bull, hiving understoo. that he or -posed starting out foi the Bad Lunds ut once. 'I ne police ur.dei wer- followed by a troop of cava ry Captain Fechet, and i f.ntry under Col¬ onel Drum. When the police reached Sitting Bull’s camp on Grand liver, about forty inilts fr m Standing Rock, the lound arrangements being mad - for de¬ parture. The cavalry had not yet reached camp when the started polic arrested Sitdng Bull and back with him. His followers quickly rallied to his rescue and tried to retake him. In the melee that ensued the wily old chief is said to have be.n kiGed, and five of toe best ol the Indian police were also killed. THE NEWS CONFIRMED. Indian Commissioner Morgan,at Wash¬ ington, received from Indian Agent Mc- Laughl n, Monday < veuing, the follow inb dispa ch, dated Fort \ ates, N. D.. December 35: T he Indian police arre-ted Sitting Bull at hi- camp, forty miles northwest ol the agency, this morning at daylight, II is followers attempted his rescue, and the light ng commenced. Four policemen Eight were killed and three wounded. indians were killed, including Sitting Bull and his son, Crowfoot, a"d several others weie wounded. Tie police maintained were surrounded lor a time, but their ground until relieved by the United State- troops, who now have possession the of Sitti tr Bull’s camp, with all women, children and nc/iv. TRADE REVIEW. DUN St COMPANY’S REPORT FOR THE PAST WEEK. The weekly circular of R. G. Dun & Co. issued Friday, says: The stringency in commercial loans, noticed last week as the chief cause <>f the present disturb¬ ance, is now lmost the only r mainiug cause. The influence of European trou¬ bles has passed Foreign commerce is heavily in favor of this country. While imports at New York for November ex¬ ceed lasty ar’s, which were usu bv light, by 12 per cent, the increase in exports here has been 8J per cent, though last year's were remarkably heavy, so that the excess of exports for the month w ifr probably over $80,000,o00. In dome-tic affairs there has been a distinct improve- ment in the disposition of banks and money lenders to give necessary support to legitimate business, curtailing possinle specu¬ lative advances as far as The volume of trade is st.il surprisingly heavy. show the Reports front other lines that cheapne of cotton at the south and the delay of winter we tlier at the north have somewhat reduced transactions and caused more tardiness in collections than heretofore, but co der weather and the appro .ch of the holiday season already begin to have a favorable effect at many points Bus ness failures of the week number 282, against 271 for the corres¬ ponding week last year. Russia is the leading grain exporting country of the world, the United States. India and Rouinauia following iu the order named. Odessa is the leading grain and exporting port of the Russian Em¬ pire, may he considered as the prin¬ cipal has business city. The export trade for many years been almost ex- illusively in the hands of called'a foreigners and Odessa might equally be French German, Italian or even a Hebrew citv as far as the languages spoken or the characteristics of the inhabitants are eou- sidered. i oYoalaittiy fy 3 aft ■ SN 4 v: \ Mir’Wf > 'V* ri-s *. ■ / V ' /■! ,.W Opt stock was never larger or better, and lr prices never lower. \\ e have just opened a iarge line of Beautiful Novelties and invite you to come and see th ra whether you w >nt to buy or not. No charge -or looking and pricing. Call and see for yourself. Repair ng a SpeciaPy. Old Cold Exchanged for New. J. H. & W. W. WILLIAMS, L adiug Jewelers 352 ,8s co d St.. 31 aeon, Ga. ORDINARY’S NOTICES. ELECTION RESULT. EORGIA. Crawford County. —At Vj the electiou held in and for the 532nd District, G. -M., said county, (m the 22nd day of November, 18i>0, on the question, ‘"For Fence” or ' Stock Law, there was a majority of votes cast .or ‘•Stock Law,” and the result is hereby declared in favor of Stock Law, in and for said District; and it is ordered, by the authority in me vested under the laws of said State, that all provisions of law, regulating and controlling same, go into effect in said Militia District within six months from this date. Wi ness, my hand officially, this the first day of De¬ cember, 1890. O. P. WRIGHT, ORDINARY. RESULT OK ELECTION. pEORGIA, Crawf.ii d County.—T he |3 vote polled in the 529th District, G. M., said county, on the 22u I day ol N - vein her, 1890, on the question, “For Fence” or “Stock La-',’ at an elect.on held in and for sail clistr et. sto d on coii-ol dation theieoffi ty-stven majority in favor of fence, and the re>ult is so de- clart-d by me as requir d under the 1 i ws ot said State. Witness my hard offi¬ cial y this the li st day of D cetnber, 1890. O P. WEIGH r, Oidinary. Administrator’s Sale. * GEORGIA, Crawford ( ounty. Under and by virtue of an order of the Court of Ordinary of said county I will sell before the c urt-house- door, in the town of Knoxville, said county, on the first Tuesday iu January next, within the legal hours of sale, to the highest bidder, the following described property to-vvit: All of the land lying on the west side of the A. A F. R. in the second district of said county, and be- i longiug to the estate and ho.ue place of J. W. Lowe, deceased containing seven (seven acres, more or less, adjoin¬ ing lands of VV. 8. Bond, Cicero Spil- lers, J W. Stroud. S Id for the benefit of him and his credi ors. terms cash. Mrs. J. B. I.ov. e, Adm’trx of John W. Lowe, deceased. Dee. 2d, 1890. NOTICE. All teachers wh wish to s*cure liceuss to teach in the pubic schools of Craw¬ ford c< unty for the year 1891, will meet me iu Kuoxvdle on Dee. 20 h, to stand the public ex tin nation. I will pay off t. a tellers on that day for teaching iu the pu die schools th s year. II F. S vNDERS, C. 5. C. Dec. 2. 189 >. NOTICE. Oak Grove School will open the 5th ^ a y January next. Would be glad if the patrons would send in the first day, jf they can co veniently do so, as it is much better both for teacher and pupils. j ADAB. WILSON, Dec. Dt, 1890. . Teacher. ! NOTICE. j There will be » c unty meeting of the Alliance on the first Monday in Decem¬ ber next, and a full attendance of dele- gates from all the lodges is requested, as there will be business ol importance be- f ore the body. Every Alliaueeman in the county is invited to attend the meeting on December first. Gf.o. W. White, President Co. Alliance Nov. 0. 1890. Notice of Local Legislation. Notice is hereby given of intention tc apply to the next General Assembly for tbc }’ ilsSi, S e c a Law to be entitled An Act to amei ri c act entitled An Act to PK*cnbe thc n! ° tle of £ r ’ ntl " I,ct ' nsc to ;, ‘ :l »»toxicating liquors in the e<*unties uf Jefferson, Burke and W shmgton. So lar as the same .elates to Crawford and for other purposes. Oct. 7th, 1889. xxx kid Your Criers to V if Til '1181 ih CHERRY STREET, MACON, GA. FOR- F.ne Old Straight wn-m ip iniKiss, Blue Crass Rys, Hume Bourbon, Heliwood Rye, Finch’s Golden Welding Rye, S. VV. Private Stock North Carol.na Coru and Apple Braudy. Georgia Hand-M idtf Peach Brandy. The Best Gi>»ds lor the Money \n G orgia ! isSTGive me a Call when iu the •By or send me your orders. CRAWFOR D SHERI FF Sim pEORGIA, Ordni Crawford f Cor\- JlrJf Tv „ nee ot > - said C.,u le number f Freeholders ’' ® 1 -pus . vided b law, of ihe 529 li M id said < ounty, have filed Mi , their petition th ask ng ihat .. submitting to ■ tpialifii-ii voter strict t e (jUesti ii: “For F i co" “Stock Law,'' for said di-trict. It i- t f re order d by the Am), held ty in me Saturday vested that the 22nd such day eleetiV-' 1 on o; \ '-‘verc. her, 1890, a t the order has been-i vertised Said as provided cl -ct to by be law h j a " ^ 1 cases. on -'J tl laws of said S'.a'e directs. Witaiessm hand officially ‘ this the 20th div of her, 1890. O. P. W'RI HIT Or linary of Crawford Count y. pEORGIA, Crawford County.- y' U tice is hereby aiven ..f iute ,ti oa ‘! apply to the next Legislature for the i'- r ' age o a law to be entitled An act to >,,, vent the sale of liquor church, within t ire- ' Kile ’ of .douut Carmel n Crawf county, and for other purposes. Q O 1 ATE OF 11 EORGIA, Ciiaivfi County.—T he re< ui«ite number if freeholders in the 532d District, G v of said county, have filed with me ii terms of the law, a [ edition askingf or election in and for sad district <>n tM question, “For Fence” or ‘-Stock Liwl J ar.d it is hereby ordered by the authoritv me vested t lmt said election be held J ther the 22nd that day of be November, held in strict 1890, and coapij] fa] same mice with the law in such cases mafic nil tuis provided. the 20th Witness day of October, my hand 1890 official j O. P. WRIGHT, Or liiisirv. I p EORGIA, < raw fold County. 13 James A. Eubanks, Administrator fi James D. Eubanks, deceased, has applied to me for leave to sell sixt. acres of iana belonging to the estate of said deceased and such leave will be granted on ■! first Monday iu December next ua'tsi good objections are tiled W itness hand officially O. toher 21st, 1890 O. P. WRl'.lIT, . _ Ordinary. _ VJT EORGIA, Crawford County.-W ill be sold before the court house dooi iu the town of Knoxville, said couny, o 5 the first Tuesday in January t ext, with* the legal hours of sale, the following uV scribed property, to-wit: Lot of 'M number one hundred and twenty-niai (129) in the Gth district of s d count;, containing two hundred two and one half (2<>2A) acres more or less; soid as the property of the estate of A. G. Allen, deceased, under and by virtue of a ti fa, issued from the Justice c urt of tin 532nd D strict, G. 31., said cou ty, i: A favor of M. E'ktvn vs M. A. Alien, ad¬ ministratrix of said A. G. Allen, deceusd Said pr perty found in possession of Thos. G. Dickson, now executor f said 31 i A leu, who is now deceased, lend c-sh. Witness my hand officially. B. A. HARTLEY, Sheriff . (i 1 EORGIA, Crawford Cocnty-I Thomas J. Pic e has applied toinij foi letters of guardianship for the per¬ son and property of Ja ues H ilmes, ana such letters will De g anted by meontU li'St Monday in Ja iuiry next, wiltss g -od objections arc filed. Witness inj Rand officially this L> c. 1st, 1890 O. P. WRIGHT, Ordinary. t > EORGIA, Crawford County-J. forleitcso U I. M'Elinurray has applied to nu guariiianship of the pers*a MG and property ot Ella and Hallie - murrav, min F children of A!o zoMEi- niurrav, deceased, and such letters w ,1 be granted applicant on the first Mon 1 J in January next unites go >d objection) are li ed. W tn ss my hand «fii i d y, this Dec, 1st, 1890. O. P. WRIGHT, Ordinary. G EORGIA, Crawford County- h-l be he.d before the court house d<w iu the town of Knoxv lie, said couutv, on the first Thur-day in January nest, within the legal hou s of sale, the 1 ins property, to-w t: One house and M in the village of 3lu ella, said county: said lot lying west of A. & F R R-- aI1 irom«b . near the.eto in said v Huge, ami ately south of lot on which storehouse™ J. 8. McGee is located, and containing one acre, more or less. Sold as the pro; ■ city of J. S. 3IcGee to satisfy a fi issued from the superior c urt ol saw •county in favor of Potts & Potts • s. V Gee Bros., a firm compos dof Jeff H il - J. S. McGee. Terms, cash. Witness my baud officially, this cembtr 2d, 1890 Sheriff- B. A. Hartley, V. / EORGIA—Crawford County. author, ^ , '3m Un-‘er and by virtue of in us vested l>y the last will and tes* ment of Gray Andrews, late of 5i! ti' 5 _ c- unty, deceased, we will on the ' Tuesday in Jauuury next, between tb«2 legal houis of sale, sell before 'h" c ° r ^ i house in the town < f Knoxville- i county, lot land No. 178 m the 2d ,k * of ihe county aforesaid, for (list d’ lK cas u and the payment of d- bts. Terms A. 31. Andrews, J. T. Andrews, 4t Executors. T EOBGIA Crawford County.— K T 8. A. K 1 ey. guardian of No' 8 edl ley and Abigail Cochran, has »PP* said me lor her dismissi n from her it- dianship, and lier application 1 day I assed in upo - at mv < flic on the fi st L*-' j Jamm y cexr. Wit e-s offic aily this Dec. 1st, IS90. WRIGHT. O. P. Ordm- ;