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make a distinction between a man & aj
rat. I have been Vn several t the JS z- 1
arine Christian cities, anil never look \
ed at a debtors prison without horror,!
as a place where man is degraded to
the condition of a rat.
~~ CABIN ET.
WAIiIIR.VTChV. JIJJY 15, 1830.
mi—l—n u u LW-J-Liß! - - i-l-i-i-lilb
r riic Laws and Journals of
the last session of (he General
Assembly of this State have
but recently been distributed to
the different counties; on a cur
sory perusal we discovered the
following among the joint reso
lutions which were passed—
IN I’llE HOUSE OF REPRE
SENTATIVES.
Tutu i)\y, Dec. 17lh, 1829.
Whereas, the number of members,
whi li, timin’ the present provisions
of the Constitution of this State, com
p se the General Assembly, is eon
sidered liy many of the good citizens
of the State, by far too numerous,
consequently unnecessarily expensive,
fr an economical people. For tin*
purpose therefore, of ascertaining the
voice of the People on this all impor
tant and interesting subject—
Bo it therefore resolved, That all
the voters of Georgia who feel for the
Interest and prosperity of the State.
and who wish to reduce the number of
the members of the General Assembly
of Georgia, bo required on the first
Monday in October next, to say, on
their ticket, if in favor of a reduction
—“REDUCTION”—if against it,
‘NO REDUCTION.*
Resolved further, that the Super
intcudcutß of Elections on that day
keep a poll of the same, and certify it
to the Governor, a statement of the
poll, and that lie cause the same to
be laid before the next General As
sembly,* and that lie cause these Re
solutions to be published once a month
iu the Gazettes of Milledgeville, until
the election.
Approved, Dec. 21, 1829.
G. It. Gilmer, Governor.
This question of “REDUC
TION” or no “REDUCTION-*
is becoming one ot‘ serious con
sideration among the people at
large;—-and the Grand Juries
tire expressing their views on
the subject. I Imt of the Coun
ty of Gwinnett, has expressed
its opinion by way of present
ment. which we give verbatim .
“J he Grand Jurv of said countv
present as a grievance, the un
necessary and comparatively
unprecedented number of Sen
ators Representatives, which
compose the General Asse i bly
of this State. In the consider
ation of this snhjoct, the Jury
are forcibly struck with the
wide disproportion between
the Representation and the pop
ulation of this State, and ihat
of any other in the Union.—
I lie number of Representa
tives in the States whose popu
lation greatly exceed that of our
own, is much less; and this Jury
ate not aware that from this
cause the -healthy motions of
those governments are at all
obstructed, but on the contrary,
they firmly believe that they
are much accelerated We
unanimously concur in the o-
pinion, that the va9t expense}
of toe Government in the sup
j port of so numerous a repre
sentation, is a serious and insup
portable grievance—that it is
a drain upon the public treasury
which might be directed much
more beneficially to other and
more important objects— 01, if
useful objects were wanting,
(which can never be the case
so long as we shall have to go
to market by mud and wa
ter,) then the burden of taxes
should most clearly be dimin
ished. And we are further
persuaded, that a body so un
wieldly, far from conducting to
the wisdom and safety of its en
actments, retards the salutary
progress of legislation, and
throws the whole machinery of
government into confusion,
worse confused. The Legis
lature at its last session, having
(in regard to this subject) pas
sed a law requesting the voters
throughout the State to express
upon their tickets, on the first
Monday in October next, their
opinion 01 its expediency, by
writing upon them, Reduction,
or No Reduction —The under
signed, most unanimously,
heartily and earnestly recom
mend to the freemen of this
county, that on that day, they
work well the Rule of Reduc
tion.'* As ’‘facts are stubborn
things,’* we will barely lay be
fore our readers a birds* eye
view of things as they are,
drawn from official documents.
We have in our General Assem
bly 76 Senators and 140 Rep
resentatives. The Represen
tative population of Georgia is
3()5,1G7. To make an equal
representation of the Senators
according to population it re
quires 4804 electors to each
Senator—as our present rep
r sentation stands 35 Counties,
with a representative popula
tion of 256,600, elect only 3 5
Senators; and 41 counties, with
a representative population of
108,477, elect 41 Senators
If the State was fairly represen
ted in the senate according to
population, then the 35 Coun
ties would be entitled to 53 sen
ators and a fraction over and
• the4i Counties would be en
titled to 22 Senators and a
fiaction over. In the House
of Representatives there are
140 members. To apportion
these equally among the repre
sentative population of 365.1 67
it requires 2607 electors to one
member. The 35 Counties
having a population of 256.690
would be entitled to 98 mem
bers and a fraction over—the
4t Counties with a population
of 108,477 would be entitled to
41 members; our present rep
resentation stands 85 mem
bers to the 35 Counties, and 55
members to the 41 Counties.
Emigration of Indians. —The!
following is a copy of the Bill
providing for the removal of
the Indians as it passed the,
Senate of the U. S. We do
hope and trust the rumor that
the Pennsylvania delegation in
the House of Representatives
is likely to desert the adminis
tration on this measure is with
out foundation—should the ru
mor prove correct, it may jeop
ardise the ultimate passage of
the Bill, which had not been
acted upon, at the date of our
last accounts from Washing
ton.
Be it enacted, <£*c. That it shall and
may lawful for the President of the
United States to cause so muc h of any
territory belorging to the U. States’
West of the river Mississippi, not in
cluded in any State, and to which the
Indian title has been extinguished, as
he inay judge necessary, to be divided
into a suitable number of districts,
for the reception of such tribes or na
tions of Indians as may choose to ex
change the lands where they now re
side, and remove there; and to cause
each of said districts to be described
by natural nr artificial marks, as to be
easily distinguished from every other.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted,
That it shall and inay be lawful for
the President to exchange any or ah
of such districts, so to be laid off and
described, with any tribe or nation of
Indians now residing within the limits
of any of the States or Territories,
and with which the United States
have existing treaties, for the whole
or any part or portion of the territory
claimed and occupied by such tribe or
nation, within the bounds of any one
or more of the States or Territories,
when the land claimed and occupied
by the United States are bound to
the State within which it lies, to ex
tinguish the Indian claim thereto.
Sec. 3. And bo it further enacted,
That in the making of any such ex
change or exchanges, it shall and may
be lawful fur the President solemnly
to assure the tribe or natiun with
which the exchange i8 made, that the
United States will forever secure and
guaranty to them, and their heirs or
successors, the country so exchanged
with them—anil if they prefer it, that
the United States; will cause a patent
or grant to be made and executed to
them for the same; Prov ided always,
That such lands shall revert to the
United States, if the Indians become
extinct, or abandon the same.
Sec. 4, And be it further enacted,
That if, upon any of the lauds now
occupied by the Indians, and to
be exchanged for, there should be such
improvements as add value to the land
claimed by any individual or individ
uals of such tribes or nations, it shall
and may be lawful for the President
to cause such value to be ascertained
by appraisement or otherwise, and
to rause such ascertained value to be
paid to the person or persons right
fully claiming such improvements.
See. 5. And be it further enacted,
That upon the making of any such
exchange as is contemplated by this
act, it shall and may be lawfuTfor the
President to cause such aid and assis
tance to be furnished to the emigrants
as may be necessary and proper to
enable them to remove to* and settle
in, the country for which they may
have exchanged; and, also, to give
them such aid and assistance as mayi
be necessary for their support and*
subsistence foe the iiesX year after
their removal*
Sec. 6. And be it farther ea%eted>
That it shall and may be lawful for
the President to cause such tribe or
natiou to be protected, at their, new
residence, against ail interruption or
disturbance from any other tribe or
nation of Indians, or from any other
person, or persons whatever.
Sec. 7. And be it further
That it shall and may be law ful ( T
the President to have the same sup; r,
intendencc and care over any tribe lu
nation in the country to which they
!may remove, as contemplated by ti.p,
act, he is now authorized to have n\rr
; them at their present places < f u si.
dence.
Sec. 8. And be it further pnacted.
That, for the purpose of giving < fjv. t
to the provisions of this act, the mi
of 500.000 dollars is here'by: -<
printed, tube paid out of an} money
in the -Treasury, not otherwise ap
preprinted.
The following [says, the, Culumbtre
EnquirerJ is an extract tron> an address
delivered by Mr. Bayne during the
celebration of birth.day. Tin*
South Carolina Orator and Patriot hjs
paid just honors to the first assenej and
ablest defended of State l ights, since the
year ’9B, Col. George M Tri up.
In pursuing this course we ate follow
ing in the footsteps of the great and gor-rf
men, and of the enlightened and patriotic
States, who have gone before us In 179 ft
Virginia and Kentucky, fed on by J idler.
9on and Madison, ‘marshalled us the v< y
to liberty and safety. On a moieieceut
occasion, Georgia (in every sense our
sisters) under the guidance of one ct die
noblest of her distinguished sons, planted
upon her borders the sta-ndard ot State
Rights* and achieved a great and glorious
victory “for the good cause Neither
denunciations nor threats cou'd induce
her patriotic and enlightened Chief .Mag
istrate, to recede from the proud stand
he had taken in, defence of the eonsliu
utional rights committed to his charge.
Public opinion vvas rallied to Ids support,
liberty truniphed, and the Constitution
was saved With such illustrious exam
ples before us, we can never despair ot
the Republic. Marching under ,the ban
ner of State llights, looking to the pre
servation of the principles of Thomas Jef
ferson asking nothing for ourselves but
“freedom to regulate our own pur silts',
and the undisturbed enjoyment of the
profits of our own 1 abor, claiming nothing
of the federal government but that ‘hey
should be “faithful to the Constitution, v
directing all our efforts honestly and
zealously to the preservation of our liber
ties, the perpetuation of the Union, and
promotion of the peace, prosperity and
happiness of our common country shall
we go steadily forward, (doubting noth
ing and fearing nothing,) in the full as
surance, that Ihe constitution w/tll bs
restored, ana that our efforts will eventu
ally be crowned with complete success.
We extract ts e following from pu ar -
ticle in the Banner of the Uo-nstijn
tion*shewing (he heavy oppression
of the poor under the present Tariff:'.
But it wall be asked, now rs rt sliowa
that Sin* ftp® jde pay this enormous 1 tax
seteimf* that good** have mot risen sim e
the duties have boitm increase #?, but-im
the contrary* are nw lwer they
ever were belar* ? The* stwsvser iss
plain enough—Hurraase if the ♦rutiles;
were repealed, all surfs of gor'd*
would be cheaper than they rum arc*
by the amount of duty. Sugar which
now costs eight eenis a pound cotfl<!
be had for whiffet mow cost*,
twelve cents a jmmvi, eortld IV- ft ad?
for seven; tea which row costs ninety
cents a pound could be hail for’fifty;
salt which now costs sixty cents a
bushel* could be- had for forty; West
m
India rum which now costs one dollar
per gallon, could be had forty -seven
cents; wine for the sick poor, which
now costs one dollar per gallon, coaM
be had forty cents; molasses which
now costs thirty cents a gallon,-eonM
be had for twenty; iron whi h now
costs eighty seven dollars, per tors
could be had for fifty; green bai/.e
j which now costs forty cents per square
| yard* could be had for seventeen aid
a half; flannels, which now costs thir
ty seven and a half cents per square
yard, couhl he had for fourteen;
yard of woollen doth, which now costs
one dollar per square jad, lonld
be had for fifty five cents; a yard of:’
the same, which now costs two dollars
:and a quarter per square yard, could
be had for one dollar twelve and a half
cents; carpets which une