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Mew Points about Cotton Culture. In making appropriations for the fiscal3’ear ruling June Si, 1881, Congress enacted that $3,000 should be expended in the purchase of valuable varieties of cotton seed, and in such investigation of the entire question of cotton production as would tend to further develop this industry. As soon as the appropriation became available, Commissioner Le Due secured the services of an experienced and intelligent cotton grower, Mr. A. M. Aiken, for making such purchases and investigations. That gentleman having visited, in furtherance of these objects, portions of West Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Sou*h Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, has made a full and intelligent report of the work done, and of the information gathered from observation, and by personal interviews and correspondence with practical planters in those States. We have just received the advance sheets of this report. With views of comparing the different methods of cultivating cotton in different localities, a series of questions was propound ■ ed by Mr. Aiken to such parties as could be reached a9 to the mode of preparing the land, the distance between the rows, the number of plowings, the implements used in planting and working, the varieties of seed sown, &c., &c. 1 Sifting the various answers to these several inquiries, we are led to the following conclu sion, viz.; That, the laod should first be an din the fallow here practicable; that planting should commence as early in the spring as assurance of spring weather is had; that the distance between the rows should tfe from twelve to eighteen inches, depending on the same .conditions; but of this we shall have somethingfto say farther on. Sinfe th<s Warthern experiments in 1873, where, five bales of cotton were made on a little oyer one acre with 4840 stalks, numerous experiments have been raade-to test the ques tion, and hardly a test has failed to indicate the very great advantage in having a lesser number of stalks than has beyn the general custom heretofore. Instead of 30,000 to 50.- 000 stalks per acne, it has been very satis ■’ factorily determined that not over 7,000 should be permitted on the poorest soil devoted to cotton, and that on rich land from 3,000 to 5,000 will make a better yield than ten limes this number. The methods observed in the ' Warthern experiments havebean fully Bustain ed by subsequent trials. In that case, the land, after thoroughly breaking, ]was 'checked three by three faefe— six to, eight steed being dropped in each Rill; to one stall— a •* Cfaster” variety of cotton being planted... No hoeing was given—it being cultivated simply with the sweep. The soil was sandy, with stiff clay subsoil, and had been in cul tivation sixty years. The manure used was 1,400 pound Peruvian guano, 60 cart loads pme straw, 60 bushels cotton seed, and 400 bushels jotted stable manure; the whole cost, including labor and rent of laaid, covered by less than the proceeds of a bale and a half of cotton. ~But to retprp to Mr. Aiken’s investigations/ These showed farthey, as was to haye been that stable .and commercial manures were most successfully employed when used in conjunction ; seed, composted with acid phosphate, constituted one of the best fertilizers for the crop ; that the ordinary application was 400 the acre of such compost; and that this was perhaps most serviceable when applied in the drill. The crop is generally “pitched” for twenty-five to thirty-five acres to the horse, and twice qs many “ hoe hands” are needed to keep it “ clean” (free from grass) as there are one-horse plows use I in cultivating. Perhaps to improved cotton seed, more than to another cause, we may trace the increased production per acre in many localities. For a long time nine-tenths of the cotton planters were satisfied to use frpij} year to year what is known an “ common green seed,” which, instead of being improved, are annually degenerating iu .productiveness, are inferior an tli* grade of “ lint,” produced. <ncl The originfmost£feim h improved'’ varle. ties—which have generally fancy titles, as “ Gold Drop,” “ Inflation,Southern Hope,” or are nanwl after *4rhe persons who have propagated them, as “ Dixon, v “ Feeler,” *’ Siuipson,” i‘ Cheatham,” &c.—may usually be traced back to the “ Petit Gulf’ and . ” Prolific.” A little attention to Improvement in seed is almost invariably rewarded by an advanced price for the same, as well ns by an increased y ield in the crop. Any seed can be improved by careful selections made at the opening of the crop from the most prolific stalks and earliest matured bolls, and the matter com mends iteelf to every planter. The seed, in the Southwestern States, were formerly considered of so little value as to be thrown aside. Now, however, the manufacture of seed oil has become an important industry, over forty of these mills being scattered through belt, pressing annually over 40<&<J15o tons of seed, and yielding about thiitvfive gallons of oil per ton, or a total of 14,QD0,000 gallons, which is extensively used for adulterating pure olive as which the adulteration is sold. After the oil has been expressed, the cake is uSed for feeding cattle, u/id is largely ex ported for that.purpose. JL\. the oil mill the lint that adheres to the seed, after they have passed thropgh the farmer’s gin, is first taken off by the •• picker,” *ad in the whole amounts -"tirmiiy nuurnuu mm urmufu. the '“halier’'*fakes off the outer coating of the seed, leaving the’kernel t© \m pressed into oil and oil-cake, the hulls furnishing material for the paper maker. The price paid for seed by these oil mills is about $7 per ton, a bus hel jf seed weighing about thirty pounds. The yield of cotton per acre the past season may be considerrd above the average. Some reported 1,000 pounds, and some even 1,500 pounds seed cotton to the acre, while none were under 500, the general estimate being 800 pounds. From excessive rains and unusual cold, and even ice and snow, where these latter have scarcely ever been seen before, the fall of 1880 was most unfavorable for gathering the crop. As late as the 17th of January, Mr. Aiken met with a large planter in Arkansas who said he still had one hundred and fifty bales of cotton unpicked in the field. In conformity to instructions from the Com missioner of Agriculture, Mr. Aiken purchas ed, for gratuitous distribution, which forms a distinctive feature of the Department, a con siderable supply of many of the “ improved varieties” that were found, by observation or upon the testimony of informed but disin terested parties, to combine the desired qualities of early maturity, prolific yield and length of staple. Among the varieties pur chased for the Department, and which have been and are being widel}'distributed through out the cotton belt, we may mention the “Large 801 l Prolific,” “Barnes’ Improved Cluster,” “Simpson Improved,” “Long Staple Prolific,” “ Zellner’s Cluster” and “Worm Proof;” varieties that may be said to have revolutionized the production of cot ton in the localities to which, for the most part, they have hitherto been confined.—Cot ton. NEW GOODS! I I HATE in stock, and Will continue to receive, a full line of ® IgL GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, &c., r WHICH 1 WILL SELL AT LJI'TTT* i' f(v s ■ , ATHENS PRICES! , r with freight added. /u #„. **} l f Call and prjee my cash stoc| of MAGNOLIA 11AMS, BULK MEATS. CORN and MEAL, , CHOICE FAMILY. FLOUR, , SUGAR and COFFEE, MOLASSES. rice, Spice, pepper, & c . L* .. . ■mmimii ———— —■# .. ALSO "xn •> i . b\u.\\vc cvwA V u\\cv\ Dry Goods 1 # nr j . I sell for the CASH, and sell LOW. , A. H. BROCK. April Ist, 1881. fk Outfit furnished free, with full instruc tions for conducting the most profitable business that anyone can engage ift. The busi ness is so easy to learn, and our instructions are so simple and plain,, that any one can make great profits from tile very start. No one can fail who is willing to w'ark. Women are as successful as men. Boys apu girls can earn largs sums. Many have made at the business over one hundred dol lars ip a single week. Nothing like it ever known before. All who engage are surprised at the ease and rapidity with which they are able to make money. You can engage in this business during 3 r our spare time at great profit. You do not have to invest capital in it. We take all the risk. . Those w r ho need ready money, should write to us at once. All furnished free. Address True & Cos.. Augusta, Maine. THE TRADE! A LARGE AND COMPLETE STOCK OF BLANK BOOKS -fnuoo noaibal AND Stationery, LEDGERS. JOURNALS, * LETTER BOOKS; WRITING PAPER, wMMonoT ~Lf Wi ENVELOPES, MUCILAGE, ’ INK STANDS, oriw ,# PENCILS, x] in modi iva Etc - Churches and Ministers supplied with Books at publishers prices, by BURKE & ANDERSON, Feb. 2.3 Athens, Ga. ENCOURAGE HOME MANIIFACTURES. ~ Maysville Shoe Factory. We manufacture all kinds of shoes ; mens’ Brogans and Boots, ladies’ High and how Quar tered Shoes, childrens’ Shoes, HARNESS and BRIDLES. We are prepared to make all kinds of fine work. We work the best material in the most popular styles, and Warrant our Work Equal to cimj Goods on the Market. We have experienced workmen employed, for both coarse and fine work. As we defy competi tion in quality; prices and service, we hope to have the pleasure of supplying you with Boots and Shoes. BROWN & RILEY, Maysville, Ga. triTAVe also keep constantly on hand a select stock of Groceries and Provisions, Bacon, Lard, Sugar, Coffee, Syrup, Dry Goods, &c., &c. TEETHINA. (TEETHING POWUKKS.) \ FOR SALE. Br ALL DRUGGISTS I £ASV ■—ul a , :s . bowels S ; % CURES a,. LRu p ss £ W&* SOR£S - fares (halers Infantum, Allays Irritation an! makes Teething easy. Removes and prevents Worma. thousands of Children nut if he eared • ery year by using these Powders. For sale at DR. PENDERGRASS’ Drugstore s ~—•. -.wiiiciate -~t- ii •'inlliif'njfc,' ~* —■ LOOK AT THIS! •>f|B£ 1 1 t .(Mil Hsl m * THINK OIF 1 IT I ANTD COME AND SEE FOR YOURSELVES. JUST RECEIVED 4 l: > r ff M*. it y Oil liOßd >{ rm Vol in Vi!* O• n: < '*H" ' r . 300 ELEGANT COOK STOVES, 1 " /Zlr ■’ i‘ ; :V:h 3000 Dozen Wash Pans, 100 Dozen Splendid Baking Pans, 100 Dozen Elegant Dish Pans, ,! : * k ! ' i■■ .• y;* () ... . • ,n > j ! f 'fJl/ And a large stock of goods in our line which will be sold CHEAP FOR CASH. A. K. CHILDS & CO. '• ‘ ‘ •“ f 1 . J * •'/!('S' j., : . ... Ifab. 25 Opposite Reaves. Nicholson & Cos., Athens, Ga. .. I . )' .’l! j ij •’■ ."j ■ ■ ■ 111 ; MARBLE ! MARBLE ! A. R. ROBERTSON, DEALER IN ITALIAN AND AMERICAN MARBLE Monuments, Tombs, Head & Foot Stones, a LARGE and SMALL CRADLE TOMBS, Marble and Granite Box Tombs, AT ALL PRICES TO SUIT PURCHASERS. A Large Lot of Finished Monuments and Tombstones on t ‘ ••-' 'IS * •*! I m H' ,P ‘if* O -5 ’ * Hi# liJO / • ift Hand for Sale and Ready for Lettering\ My Yard is Full of Marble, and Ready to Fill Any Orders, GIVE 3VCE A. CALL, -A. IST ID C3-33T MY PRICES. A. R. ROBERTSON, Mon a mental Builder, Athens. Georgia. BALDWIN & BURNETT, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN BOOTS AND SHOES, Mo. 3 Broad Street, Athens, Georgia. HAVE just received the largest and most complete stock of Boots and §hoes ever brought *’ to A thens. The quality of our goods is of the highest order, and our prices within the reach of all. Wc deal EXCLUSIVELY in this line, and promise the most courteous treatment and perfect satisfaction to all who may call. TO MERCHANTS: Our WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT is complete, and we guarantee prices as low as any house in the South, and will save you freight. G-IVE US A CALL. . BALDWIN# BURNETT. Athens, Ga., October Ist, 1880. ISAAC JLQWE. JOHN GOIIEN. LOWE c fa COHEN, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LIQUORS, Im'mJ Dill Mil ".juflf! filli! Hit V • WINES, Etc., Etc. ALSO AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED i m >ii v J imfrt- '-l/i •!j >: ..•?pot ji*l odt j-waj and to? j -'< i Stone Mountain Corn Whisky. Corner Broad and Jackson Sts., Atbetis, Ga. Feb. 23 . ‘ : t JUDSON’S MARBLE WORKS, *n! ’ itn Jt -n Ujb // ~ ATLANTA, GEORGIA, / MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN * !^ v? ■ in*} r" •* W*o fi*iiMXu& inv Tti*„ niir i' iUi ICKU: Italian and Rutland Marble, Monuments, Box Tombs, Head and Foot Stones, Iron Railing for (3-rave Inelosnres, &c. OFFICE AND WORKS ON CORNER OF LOW AND A LAB AHA STREETS, Opposite Georgia Railroad Depot. Orders Solicited and Promptly Filled. Prices Reasonable. Terms Cash. Address D. N. JUDSON, Atlanta, Ga. Inducements Extraordinary! AT THE MAMMOTH China, Crockery and Glassware House OF NORTH-EAST GEORGIA. JAS. H. HUGGINS, No. 7 Broad Street, Athens, Georgia. HAVINti just returned from the Eastern market, we are offering the largest, most varied best selected stock of CHINA, CROCKERY, GLASS WARE, LAMPS, CIIAMD ALTERS, LAMTE RES, &c., &c‘., 25 per cent, lower thean ever before known in this market. A fall ° And complete line ef HOUSEFURNISHING GOODS! Such as Buckets, Brooms, Selves' Trajs, Knives and Forks, Table anil Teaspoons, Coffee Mills, &c. Also, a complete stouk of Table Linen, Oil Cloths, r Doylies, Towels, Ete. SILVER PLATED WARE! A handsome stock of TRIPLE-PLATE SILVER CASTORS, TABLE and TEASPOONS Prices SURPRISINGLY LOW. ji ' '?3 /;f r> ; i * : • Kerosene Oil by the Car Load. Also, Aladin and: “ Red C Oil.” Staple Diy Goods, Groceries, Canned Goods, Art •> >f : I'V ■ e : r. ’ BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, LEATHER, Etc., Etc at prices as low as any house in the State. DON’T FORGET THE PLACE. 1 - J. H. HUGrGrINS, No. 7 Broad Street. PARKER & CAMP BROS.' if M.J:. * , (a/! *• - nM f .ni 9 l of ch> i ’ -> Tm-* . t* '- i s o Joui '* II )o ff i • - e j\ 3* j m $ We have within the last few weeks opened up a first-class stock of iuend ''ni/.jin A aaw aiili nv ~ • . , FANCY and FAMILY GROCERIES, I r > t,n .j I .1 If / CIGARS AND" TOBACCO, f|,,, f,J > /ft*. :■/{ -!<! , , ( . r -, STAPLE DR Y GOODS, HATS AMD SHOES, t ! imi hci . * . * All of which we are offering at Rocls. Bottom Prices. II j> Jkf n r’T) *>/• 'II a; a* -.l&* A- fift Our Goods Are Bought From Manufacturers For Cash, And We Will Sell As Cheap:As The Cheapest. GIVE TTiS A CALL, .*<• •’ ifL •> I- '/ * ' •KwA Se CovvwvwtcN. r V\tv\ N\ r y >&eww 'WYuA’W c , j h(IR fpffg Iff! Respectfully, PARKER & CAMP BROS., nr * , 7 2o .... No. 12 Broad Street, Athens, Ga. Marble Works p -1-,, ' .AJNTO M ANUFAOTOR.Y. Iwl*: 4SW 81 Oilw fOiMfUtV ft ih ai Moi m m*9*kid9*" hm mi GAINESVILLE, GEORGIA. i : o : - H ! •■*'• X li • ' ~r‘ <>Ml * '*l Hi - ■ , , Jl?ai * • • , W E call the attention of the publicto our new and the ONLY MARBLE WORKS in .Northeast Monuments, Marble Mantels, Etc. all wdrk Yn our line, and will sqll as cheap as the same can be procured in any near the Depot OUth ’ and res Pctfully solicit the patronage of the public. Office on Main SL MADDEN §- MENGS, Proprietors. December 17th, 1880. Dr. J. B. rEXDER (llt.l SS, HAVING BUILT AND FURNISHED A SPLENDID BRICK. DRITQ STORE. HAS OPENED UP A FULL LINE OF FRESII AND Pure Drugs and Patent Medicines of every description. He is now prepared to furnish the public with anythin" usually found in ft nrst-class drug store, such as L PAINTS, OILS, VARNISH, DYE STUFFS, PAINT BRUSHES, TOBACCO, CIGARS , SNUFF, STATIONERY, PENS, PENCILS, INK, x'BAJR BRUSHLS, COMRS, TOILET SOAPS, PERFUMERY, dentrifices, MATCHES, BLACKING, BLACKING BRUSHES, 4c., $. Special Attention Given to the Conipouudino of Erescrio - o tions at all Hours, With thanks for the libera! patronage bestowed upon him in the past, he still offers his pro* fessional services to the public, and will endeavor to answer callis promptly and treat diseases wdn skill, after the most approved methods. Charges as low as the lowest.