Newspaper Page Text
.JACKSON HERALD.
ROBERT S. HOWARD,/
Editor and Publisher. \
VOLUME I.
£cpf JUperiiaemenk
Notice to Contractors.
WILL be let to the lowest bidder, before the
Court House door in Jefferson, on Satur
day, the 2(1 day of July, 1881, the contract for
building a lattice bridge across Middle Oconee
river at Tallasee Bridge site, under the following
specifications :
One span of lattice bridge spanning the river
one hundred and twenty feet, and fifty feet of tres
tling on each side of the river, each fifty feet of
trestle work to be in spans of twenty-five feet
each. Said trestle work to descend from the bridge
to within two feet of the ground, resting upon a
trestle placed three feet in the ground and filled
in with rock. This approach to be continued,
with the same descent, by a stone wall on each
side, the space filled in with rock and dirt. Each
space of land-bridge to have five sleepers, equally
divided on trestle ; outside sleepers to be placed
directly over outside posts in trestle. All outside
sleepers to splice on caps, making a straight line
for hand-rail. All sleepers to be six by twelve,
twenty-five feet long.
llanjkrail,. Hand-rail posts eight feet apart,
notched out to fit over sleepers, and securely
spiked to the same. Posts to be 4 by G, 3 feet
high. Hailing to be 4by G, notched down on top
of posts and securely spiked.
Hill of lumber for lattice to be as follows :
Cords. —Cords, both bottom and top, to be
by 12, 2S feet long ; itermediate to be 2£ by 10, 28
feet long.
Lattice.—Lattice to be 2\ by 10. 13 feet long.
All to be framed and well pinned together with
two-inch white oak pins.
Beams. —Floor beams to be 4 by 14 inches, 19
feet long, notched to fit over cords as shown upon
plans ; ends of beams to extend two feet beyond
outside of cords. All beams to be placed seven
feet apart from center to center. Lattice braces
to lock across the top of each beam, so as to tie
all snugly together. Each beam to be well braced
by substantial latteral bracing, as shown upon
plans. All latteral bracing to be 3} by G inches,
securely fastened to lloor-beams by four forty
penny spikes at each end. Every other beam to
have a brace on outside of lattice, extending from
end of beam to bottom edge of top cord, brace to
be framed so as to tit under cord and against side
of lattice braces, the same to be securely fastened
to Jloor-bcam at the bottom, and at the top to
both brace and cords. Braces to be made of 4by
G scantling.
Sleepers.—Floor sleepers to be 4 by G, 28 feet
long. There must be five lines, equally divided,
under lloor, running entire length of lattice.
Flooring. —Flooring to be 2by 12,13 feet long,
securely fastened down by spiking to sleepers,
and a strip at each end spiked to intermediate
cords.
PlNS. —All pins for lattice to be made of best
white oak, two inches in diameter, holding their
sides the entire length.
Piers. —This bridge to rest upon two wooden
piers, the same to be framed as shown upon plans.
Sizes of pier posts, 10 by 12, 14 feet long; eight
posts to each pier. Two caps 8 by 12, 15 feet
long; two mud sills, 8 by 12, 19 feet long ; four
braces, Gby 10, 10 feet long. Each pier to rest
upon a crib, framed of timber, 10 by 12, 23 feet
long. This crib to be notched together and se
curely pinned at the ends. This crib to be framed
to a sufficient heighth to suit depth of water.
Size of crib in the clear to be 7by 20. Crib to be
filled with rock to surface of water. Lattice to be
wcatherboarded on both sides and capped. All
timbers to be good heart. Bond, with two good
securities, in a sum double the amount of the bid,
conditioned for a faithful compliance with the con
tract, required immediately after the letting. The
work to be paid for when completed in accordance
with the specifications, and to be completed in
sixty da)\s from the time of letting. Full and
complete specifications can be seen at this office.
11. W. BELL, Ord’y.
Postponed Sheriff’s Sale.
VU ILL be sold, before the Court House door in
V the town of Jefferson, Jackson county, Ga.,
at public out-cry. to the highest bidder, on the
lirst Tuesday in July next, within the legal hours
of sale, the following described property, to-wit:
One tract of land, containing twenty-live acres,
more or less, lying in said county, on the waters
of Turkey creek, about one mile below Jackson’s
mill, and adjoining lands of McDonald. Davis and
others, and known as the place where It. C. Wil
hite lived. About fifteen acres in cultivation.
There is a good mill house and dam on the place ;
also, a good framed dwelling and out-buildings
and good orchard. Levied on as the property of
It. C. Wilhite to satisfy a ti. fa. issued from Jack
son Superior Court in favor of C. W. Hood. Prop
erty pointed out by plaintiff, and notice given to
J. F ostcr Daniel, tenant in possession, as the haw
directs. T. A. McELIIANNON, Sh’ff J. C.
ELECTION NOTICE.
Jackson Comity.
It is hereby ordered that an election be held at
the various precincts in said county, in manner
and form as elections arc hpld for members of the
General Assembly, on the first Monday in July,
1881, in which the question shall be submitted to
the lawful voters of said county of fence or no
fence. Those voting at said election who arc in
favor of fences, shall have written or printed on
their ballots the word “Fence,” and those who
favor no fences shall have written or printed on
their ballots the words “No Fence.” Managers
of said election will keep, or cause to be kept,
three lists of voters and tally sheets, which, to
gether with the tickets and consolidated returns,
must be forwarded to this office immediately after
the election. 11. W. HELL, Ord'y.
| Jackson County.
Whereas, C. W. Ilood. Executor of Z. S. Hood,
deceased, represents to this Court, by his petition
duly filed, that he has fully and completely ad
ministered said deceased's estate, and is entitled
to a discharge from said administration—
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and cred
itors, to show cause, if any they can, on the first
Monday in September, 1881, at the regular term
of the Court of Ordinary of said county, why Let
ters of Dismission should not be granted the ap
plicant from said trust.
(iiven under my official signature, this May 30,
1881. 11. W. HELL, Ord’y.
JackNon Comity.
Whereas, Nancy Lyle and J. W. Lyle applies
to me for Letters of Administration on the estate
of James H. Lyle, late of said county, dcc’d—
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and cred
itors, to show cause, if any, at the regular term
of the Court of Ordinary of said county, on the
first Monday in July, 1881, why said letters
should not be granted the applicants.
Given under my official signature, this May 30,
1881. H. W. HELL, Ord'y.
wncrE.
IS hereby given that application will be made to
the Legislature of Georgia, at its July session,
for the passage of a Bill, to be entitled “An Act
to amend an Act entitled an Act to incorporate
the Gainesville, Jefferson and Southern Railroad
Company, approved August 23d, 1872, so as to
authorize said Company to increase its number of
Directors, to issue bonds, and to secure them by
a mortgage on the franchises and property of said
railroad company, and to locate the legal resi
dence of said corporation.
A. D. CANDLER,
C. C. SAUNDERS,
• June 10 R. E. GREEN.
mm\
m
E Vf V ECE TA
[amcdicinc not a drink .
llolliers Wives, IkuighfersSoasl'n*
tlicrs, ministers, Triicliers, llusinrss
men, Farmers, A 1.1, should be
warned against using and introducing into their
IIO.FItX Nostrums and Alcoholic Remedies.
Have no such prejudice against, or fear of, “ lVar>
tier’s >Saf 'JFoiiic Hitters.” They arc what
they arc claimed to be—harmless as milk, and
contain only medicinal virtues. Extract of Choice
Vegetables only. They do not belong to that class
known as ‘‘ Cure-Alls,” but only profess to reach
cases where the disease originates in debilitated
frames and impure blood. A perfect Spring
and Siiiimirr Medicine.
A TboroiOlooil Purifier. A Tonic Appetizer.
Pleasant to the taste, invigorating to the body.
The most eminent physicians recommend them
for their Curative Properties. Once used , always
preferred.
Trial Size, 50c. Full Size (largest in market) #l.
THEM.
For the Kiilnrys, I.ivrr and Urinary
Organ*, use nothing but “WARDER’S
SAFE KIDMA AM> I.IVER CURE.”
It stands UNRIVALLED. Thousands owe their
health and happiness to it. offer “ War
ner’s Safe Tonic Bitters” with equal confidence.
H. H. WARNER & CO., Rochester, N. Y.
MANHOOD
HOW LOST, HOW RESTORED!
Just published, anew edition of DR. CULVER
WELL’S Celebrated Essay on the radical cure of
Spermatorrhoea or Seminal Weakness Invol
untary Seminal Losses, Impotency, Mental and
Physical Incapacity, Impediments to Marriage,
etc.; also, Consumption, Epilepsy and Fits,
induced by self-indulgence or sexual extravagance,
&c.
The celebrated author, in this admirable Essay,
clearly demonstrates, from a thirty suc
cessful practice, that the alarming consequences
of self-abuse may be radically cured ; pointing
out a mode of cure at once simple, certain, and
effectual, by means of which every sufferer, no
matter what his condition may be, may cure him
self cheaply, privately, and radically.
fiSs“This Lecture should be in the hands of every
youth and every man in the land.
Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to anjr"ad
dress, post-paid , on receipt of six cents or two
postage stamps.
Address the Publishers,
lIIE CULVERWELL MEDICAL CO ,
41 Ann St., New York, N. Y. ; P. O. Box, 458 C.
MORE YET!
Notwithstanding the heavy inroads up
on our stock, wo still keep enough of
S\AV\v\.C uv\A
Dry Goods
on hand to supply our customers, and shall con
tinue to add to the same as the requirements of
the trade demand.
WE ARE STILL OFFERING
BARGAINS
—iisr—
Staple Dry Goods
and
GROCERIES.
Call and price. We will take pleasure in show
ing our stock.
A. 11. BROCK & CO.
Jefferson, Ga., April 29th, ISSI.
“THE TRADE!
— t #
A LARGE AND COMPLETE STOCK OK
BLANK BOOKS
AND x
Stationery,
LEDGERS ,
JOURNALS,
LETTER BOOKS,
WRITING PAPER.
ENVELOPES,
INK ,
MUCILAGE .
INK STANDS,
• PENCILS,
Etc.
Churches and Ministers supplied with Books at
publishers prices, by
BURKE & ANDERSON,
Feb. 25 Athens, Ga.
JEFFERSON. JACKSON COUNTY, GA., FRIDAY. JUNE 17, 1881.
Liquor Our Shame and Curse.
BY DR. J. S. KEY, OF MACON, GEORGIA.
My reasons for using this pulpit and this
Sabbath night service in the interest of tem
perance are found in the magnitude of the
issues pending and the urgency of their de
mand on us.
We stand to-day, my countrymen, con
fronting face to face a most appalling evil.
Drunkenness, beastly and revolting, has over
spread our land and walks uncovered through
our streets, and has come up into our homes ;
and hand in hand with this horror come also
debauchery and crime, and poverty and sor-'
row, and shame and death. Not to see it is
willful blindness ; to see it and not be stirred
to feeling and action is simply monstrous.
It is the crime and curse of this day, uni
versal in its sweep, inconceivable for magni
tude and indescribable as to its reality.
Neither plague nor famine, nor war arc com
parable with it for waste of life, and wreck of
fortune, and blight of hope.
Judged by any test and measured by every
standard of human judgment, strong drink is
doing more than they all combined. They
are local in their sphere, this is world wide.
They are temporary, this continues. Day
and night the livelong year the dreadful work
goes on. No territory is untouched, no home
unvisited, not a moment is lost.
The sum of this evil is absolutely immea
surable. Lord Bacon has said, with feeling
and with power, “All the crimes on earth do
not destroy so many of the human family,
nor alienate so much property as drinking.”
To this gigantic curse we do each and all
stand directly related. But few families,
throughout all their branches and connec
tions, have escaped the fang of this serpent's
tooth. Thus arc we by blood related to it.
No Church in this land can show an unspot
ted record and say, “ my membership is guilt
less of the manufacture and sale and use of
intoxicating drinks.” Thus are we by grace
related to it.
Moreover, wc arc bound together in society
and government. Wc are the body politic.
Each person is an integral part, and thus re
lated to every other member. “The eye can
not say unto the hand I have no need of thee ;
nor again the head to the feet, I have no need
of you—and whether one member suffer, all
the members suffer with it; or one member
be honored all the members rejoice with it.”
I repeat with emphasis we do individually
bear a family, and church and society rela
tionship to the drunkenness prevalent
amongst us that links us to it as with hooks
of steel. Now, then, this relationship creates
responsibility. Upon whom does it rest ?
Some blame the drunkard and hold him
alone responsible for his individual sin. I
pity him. In most cases he is an unfortunate
victim. lie may have inherited his depraved
thirst. A father’s evil example may have
ensnared him ; the generous impulses of his
noble nature possibly misled him; a thou
sand evil agencies surround and assail him.
Alas 1 for the poor drunkard. Let us walk
backward to him like the sons of Noah and
drop the mantle of charity over his fall.
Some blame the bar-keeper who deals out
the impoisoned drink. lam not his apolo
gist. Heaven knoivs I have no excuse to
offer for saloons or their inmates. It is an
infamous business, and no man who thus
wrings tears, and treasure and shame and
blood from his fellows, deserves or can ex
pect a decent respect. But bad as he is, j’our
bar-keeper has a license and so far is protec
ted and made respectable bj r the very people
he seeks to ruin. What he does is done by
authority and consent of all parties concern
ed. He pays his money for his devilish li
cense, and seciety consents for a paltry fee
to allow him freedom in his master’s work.
Here, then, we have reached the end of our
search and can locate the guilty authors of
this mischief. Soc ; ety is responsible. . Pub
lic opinion does it. Every tnan in every com
munity who does not clear himself by special
and exhaustive effort is in his measure re
sponsible for all the consequences of licensed
drinking. In the light of this conclusion how
docs every conscientious citizen read his
duty ?
First and clearly set forth a pure example.
Drinking, whether in public or in private,
should be abandoned. Wine should be ban
ished from the table and not have place in
any public hospitality. Physicians should
prescribe it only as a last resort. Merchants
should employ only sober clerks and make
strict temperance the test of credit. Around
the fireside and on tho hustings, from the
forum, in the pulpit and the press, and school
room, the leaders of public opinion should at
all times and by every means and in every
possible way protest, and warn, and teach,
and train, and guard, and guide. The price
of liberty is eternal vigilance. All this ne
cessitates another step— Close up the bar
rooms. The State or city that granted the
license must take it away, and prohibit the
sale. Private sentiments creates public opin
ion, and public opinion must rule and guide
in popular governments. If society be re
sponsible for social drunkenness and disorder,
FOR THE PEOFLE.
then society must meet her responsibilities or
take the consequences.
Now let us argue this question of prohibi
tion by the Stote. Two propositions will ex
haust the discussion.
1. lias the .State the right to prohibit by
law the manufacture and sale of all alcoholic
beverages ? If not, our case fails and the
argument ends, and with it our efforts cease
and our hope goes out. Let us see.
2. Civil government is a divine institution.
“Let every soul be subject to the higher
powers. For there is no power but of God ;
the powers that be are ordained of God.
Whosoever, therefore, resisteth the power re
sisteth the ordinance of God. They that re
sist shall receive to themselves damnation.”
An institution thus divinely established and
girded about with such solemn guarantees is
not set adrift like an unmoored vessel, and
left to the chances of wind and wave. The
State is not left helpless, with no power of
self-protection. Its very existence and pur
pose demonstrates this truth. God who gave
the State clothed it with the right to protect
and defend itself against every foe that
threatens to destroy it.
2. Civil government presupposes disorder
and wrong doing. Designed for fallen men,
it must necessarily be a government of control
and restraint. Hence, said St. Paul: “Rulers
are not a terror to good works, but to the evil.”
In this Scripture revelation, we find the
original uncorrupted function of government;
that which obtained before craft and ambition
and lust gained ascendency. The State then
was simply an intermediate to keep the peace
and secure equality of rights and protection
to all. Here, then, in this first conception of
our fathers, we find the chartered right of the
State guaranteed to correct wrong, to restrain
evil doers, abate nuisances and protect the
helpless.
3. This right the Stato has claimed and
exercised at will in other things, and no man
is found to object. The publication ofobsccne
books and their circulation through the mail is
forbidden and made punishable by fine and
imprisonment. This is right and proper, we
all agree. The sale of lottery tickets and all
manner of gambling is prohibited by special
legislation, and all judges are required to ex
pound and execute it. Docs any man den} r
the right or doubt the expediency ? Bigamy,
seduction, Sabbath-breaking arc ajl named,
condemned and punished. All these arc
abridgments of personal rights for the general
good, and all arc approved and most heartily
supported. We agree cordially unjjl wc reach
the traffic and use of ardent spirits. Even
here we all agree that it is the monster evil
of the times, and that it is fast becoming an
overshadowing monopoly backed by millions
of money, and threatening legislatures and
courts. No sane man can contemplate this
feature without alarm, and yet many hesitate
and doubt and shrink from joining in the
attack.
4. Why this hesitation when the State has
almost legislated, not only against these evils*
but to embarrass and repress the liquor traffic
itself? The taxes put upon the trade are
repressive, and rightly understood are more
of the nature of fines than otherwise. They
are the expression of the public fear ; they
amount to a condemnation of the evil, and
are designed to discourage and hinder. No
other industry is treated thus. Now then
doing this much carries with it the right to
do more and to do all, even to the final and
utter prohibition by law of the very existence
of the evil. The right to discriminate in
volves the right to prohibit.
5. Cut all this reasoning is simpl}' designed,
by showing the philosophy and propriety of
the law, to prepare your minds for the an*
nouncement that the right of the State to
prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors has
been affirmed again and again by the Supreme
Court of the United States. Judge Grier, of
that court, remarks, in giving his opinion in
a certain case before him, that, “ it is not
necessary to array the appalling statistics of
misery, pauperism, and crime, which have
their origin in the use and abuse of ardent
spirits. The police power, which is exclusively
in the State, is competent to the correction
of these great evils, and all mearure9 of
restraint and prohibition necessary to effect
that purpose arc within the scope of that
authority.” Judge Catron says, “If the State
has the power of restraint by license to any
extent, she may go to the length of prohibiting
sales altogether.”
Now, then, we reach our first conclusion.
The State has the right to prohibit. It inheres
in its very organic law ; for this very purpose
was the State ordained ; this very thing has
she always done, and the right to do she
affirms by her highest judicatory.
11. This brings us then to the final issue.
Having the right to prohibit the manufacture
and sale of intoxicating drinks, ought the
State to exercise that right ? To this question
I answer with all the emphasis of my judgment
and conscience—it should be done and done
immediately and irrevocabty.
1. Because it is a monstrous evil. Strong
drink costs $1,000,000,000 a year in money ; it
makes filty per cent, of our insane ; it makes
sixty-five oercent.of our paupers ; itcauses di
rectly seventy-five per cent, of our murders; it
makes eighty per cent, of our criminals; it
sends forth ninety-five per cent., of our vicious
youths, composing an army of drunkards 600,-
000 strong, and it sends one every six minutes
into a drunkard’s grave, or about 100,000 a
year. The sum total of the waste of the
country’s material resources equals the over,
whelming sum of $2,000,000,000 annually.
These figures are absolutely beyond com
prehension, and so the facts with which we
deal are beyond the power of computation.
Hear the trumpet tones of a distinguished
American orator: “The truth is, dear Christian
friends, we have no realizing sense of the
magnitude of this evil. We profess to believe
that the drunkard cannot inherit eternal life,
but, and3 T ing as such, must he lost eternally ;do
we act as if we believed that drunkenness was
carrying one hundred thousand souls annually
to the grave and to eternal ruin ?” “ Think
you, we would stand by and see one hundred
thousand die annually of yellow fever, when
we knew wc had the power to prevent it ?
How long would a law remain on our statute
books which permitted people to sell the germs
of that dread disease?
[continued next we el.]
The Coffee we Drink.
We all drink coffee, says ar. English society
paper, and yet probably few of us know, or
are curious to learn, how and when this
popular beverage came into use. But, as in
the case of other things in general demand
for the table, it is worth while to have some
acquaintance witli their introduction and
historj r . As regards coffee, it seems ever to
have found a place in England during the
reigns of Elizabeth and the first James—
reigns so prolific in discovery, and so marked
by additions to what wc cat and drink. It
had been heard of, for Lord Bacon, in a
passage which Dr. Johnson quoted in his dic
tionary, says: “ They have in Turkey a
drink called coffee, made of a berry of the
same name, as black as soot and of a strong
scent, but not aroraatical, which they take
beaten into powder, in water, as hot as they
can drink it. This drink comforteth the brain
and heart and helpeth digestion.” The
earliest account of its actual use in this
country fs said to be that given by Anthony
A. Wood, who tells us that “ one Nathaniel
Canopius, a native of Creta, and resident in
Ballcgc, Oxford, which he quitted in 1648,
was in the habit of using a beverage called
‘ caffey,’ which he prepared for himself, being
the first of that kind, as the ancients of the
house declared, that was ever drank in Oxon.”
We learn from the same author that “ in 1650,
Jacob, a Jew, opened a cofi’ey house at the
Angel, in the parish of St. Pcter-in-the East,
Oxon, and there it was, by some who delighted
in novelties, drank. In 1624 Cirques Jobson,
a Jew and a Jacobite, bom near Mount
Libanus, sold coffcy in Oxon, and in 1655
Arthur Tillyard, apothecary, sold coffey
publicly in his house against All Soules
College. The coffcy house continued till llis
Majestic’s returne and after, and then became
more freqent and had an excise put upon
coffey.” An English work, based upon
Beckmann's “ History of Inventions,” men
tions some of the preceding details, and adds
from “ A New View of London,” published in
1708, the record that “one James Farr, a
barber, who kept the coffee house which is
now The Rainbow, by the Inner Temple Gate,
one of the oldest in England, was, in the year
1657, presented by the inquest of St.
Dunstan’s-in-Llie-West ‘ for making and
selling a sort of liquor coffee, to the great
nuisance and prejudice of the neighborhood.”
Who could then have thought London would
ever have had near three thousand such
nuisances, and that coflee would have been,
as now. so much drank by the best of quality
and physician ? It is further stated that the
first mentioned coffee in our statute books
occurs in the year of the restoration of King
Charles 11., 1660; but this proves how rapid
and great had been the increase in its con
sumption. There is ample evidence of its
having been in common use very soon after
the date just mentioned.
A Strange Preacher.
There was once a minister of the gospel
who never built a church.
Who never preached in one.
Who never proposed a church fair to buy
the church anew carpet.
Who never founded anew sect.
Who never belonged to any sect.
Who frequented public houses and drank
wine with sinners.
Who never received a salary.
Who never asked for one.
Who never wore a black suit or a white
neck-tie.
Who never used a prayer book.
Or hymn book.
Or wrote a sermon.
Who never hired a cornet soloist to draw
souls to hear the “Word.”
Who never advertised his sermons.
Who never even took a text for his sermon.
Who never went through a course of theo
logical study.
Who never was ordained.
Who was never even “converted.”
Who never went to Conference.
Who was he ?
Christ.
$ TERMS, $1.50 PER ANNUM.
I SI.OO for Six Months.
Class Eyes.
A reporter of the Chicago Inter-Ocean has
been investigating the trade in glass cj’es.
From the leading dealer in the West, a firm
which has sold glass eyes for many years, he
learned that there were as many as 1,000
wearers of them in that city, and that from
600 to 800 eyes are sold there every j’ear.
The best eyes are made at Uri, in Germany,
the manufacture centering at that place on
account of the occurrence there of fine sill*
cates and other minerals needed in the busi
ness. The German eyes withstand corrosive
action of tears and other secretions better
than those made in France.
At Uri are made also vast quantities of
eyes used bj’ taxidermists in mounting birds,
animals, and other natural history specimens,
besides a superior quality of glass marbles,
known to boys as agates.
The artificial e}'e is a delicate shell or case,
very light and thin, and concave so as to fit
over what is left of the eye ball. The shell
is cut from a hollow ball or bubble of glass,
the iris is blown in, and then the whole is
delicately recoated.
The trade in Chicago has undergone a curi
ous change. Twenty years ago there were
sold very man}’ more dark ejes than light,
but from that period on the sale of dark eyes
has been perceptibly dying out. Now nearly
all arc light ej'cs. say twenty light to ono
dark. In Boston the percentage is even,
larger, about thirty-five blue or light eyes to
one brown ; while, on the other hand, in New
Orleans fifty brown or dark eyes are sold to
one light. Regarding the change of color in
Chicago, of course fashion has nothing to do
with it. No one has }’et decreed that parti
colored optics shall be the rage. The chango
simply shows that the influx of population,
has been from the East principally and from,
Northern Europe.
Surgical operations are performed much,
more skillfully than formerly. Time was
when it was deemed necessary to take outtho
eye entirely. . Then the artificial eye became
a fixed, glassy, staring object. Now amputa
tion of portions of the e}'e can be performed
in very many instances, and the glass cyo
fitted on the stump, which moves quito natu
rally.
Sometimes those who have lost an eye will;
keep two or three artificial substitutes. They
will use one for the daylight with a small
pupil, and another for night time with a lai;gQ
pupil to offset the dilatation.
Impromptu Ingenuity.
A striking instance of ingenuity in taking
advantage of the resources of nature in an,
emergency is found in Sir Samuel Baker’s
account of his travels in Ab3'ssinia. His
stock of soap had become exhausted ; and as,
lie possessed abundance of various kinds of.
fat, including that of elephants, hippopotami,
lions and rhinoceros, he determined to con
vert a quantity of the grease into soap. For
this purpose he required both potash and
lime; and how were these to be obtained ?
The negleck tree, be found, was exceptionally
rich in potash; he therefore burned a large
quantity, and made a strong lye with the
ashes, which he concentrated by boiling.
There was no limestone; but the river pro
duced a plentiful supply of oyster shells,
which, if burned, produce excellent lime'
What was next wanted was a kiln in which
to burn the shells, and this he constructed
out of one of those great ant hills, which rise
to ten feet higlr, common to hose valleys, and
which possess a very hard external crust.
Two natives hollowed out one of those hills;
a proper draught hole was made below from
the outside; it was loaded with wood, and
filled with some six bushels of oyster shells,
which were again covered with fuel; and
after burning twenty-four hours a supply of
excellent lime was obtained. Then com
menced his soap boiling, which was effected,
in a large copper pot of Egyptian manufac
ture. The ingredients of potash, lime and
fat were then carefully mixed; and after
boiling ten hours, and having been constant
ly stirred, he obtained excellent soap, of
which he had in all about forty pounds
weight.
The New York Commercial Bulletin sent
out its reporter among the emigration societies
and among the immigrants themselves to
ascertain, if possible, why Scandinavian
Europe is emptying its population into tho
United States. The reporter returned laden
with doleful tales from Germany, Austria and
other countries, but also with speculations
among the immigrants themselves as to the
cause. Some, it seems, fled from poverty and
oppression of stringent laws; some from ap
prehension of desolating wars in the near
future ; some merely to join their friends in
a freer, greater country ; some to seek fortune
where money was easier made ; some because
tho purchasing value of money had greatly
diminished in their own country ; some be
cause others were going, and tens of thousands
from as good countries as America seem
seized with a mania for emigration to the New
World. It appears that whole districts have
been almost denuded of their populotion, and
if the thing goes on this way ten years th§
cry will be, “ Young man, go East."
NUMBER 17.