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- MONTHLY TALK
WITH THE FARMERS.
BY R. T. NESBITT,
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.
The results of our lal>or for the pres
ent sc-i'on will soon he known, ami
whether satisfactory or the reverse, can
not now he changed. However this may
be, a careful review of the year's work,
noting and studying the causes, which
have lent to either success or failure,
will gradually aid us in our preparations
for another eeason. By applying the
knowledge gained from our experience
of the pa t year, we may be able to im
prove upon our successes, and even
glean benefit from onr mistakes.
THE FARMER, AS WELL AS OTHERS, MUST
STUDY TO SUCCEED.
In these busy, rushing days of rapid
transit, electric cars, telegraphs and tel
ephones, the farmer who would succeed
must avail himself of every opportu
nity, watch the markets, watch every
chance, and lie willing to accept every
reliable guide which points him to better
methods. Many tLinking farmers now
realize that
MILLIONS HAVE BEEN LOST TO THE SOUTH
by ignorance and carelessness, and many
are applying themselves heart, head and
hand to the task of redeeming of land
from the curse and the consequences of
the one-crop system—that gigantic mis
take which has well nigh ruined Us.
They realize, too, that this is a progres
sive ago, and that the unthinking, sloth
ful farmer will necessarily l>e left hope
lessly in the background. Relegating the
political questions of the hour to the
rear, let us calmly survey
AGRICULTURAL SURRONDIXGS.
How many advantages we have of the
situation, soil and climate, and how
lightly, even indifferently, we have
valued them! That we have fol
lowed mistaken agricultural methods,
these scarred and worn hill
sides hoar -mute witness. That we
are confronted by the gravest agricul
tural problems, no thinking man will
deny.
Producing as we do 71 per cent, of the
world'll supply of cotton, and thus hold
ing in mv grasp the key to the solution
of our difficulties, why is it that
WE ARE NOT ENJOYING THE PROSPERITY
to which this monopoly entitles us?
Why is it that this immense crop, which
should make us rich, has brought only
poverty alike to the producer and to tho
soil.. So much has been said, and I have
already written so repeatedly on this
subject that 1 almost hesitate to address
you again on a question, which has been
10 exhaustively treated. But when I
look around over my own state, and con
t -mplate the condition of our farmers
Bud their lands, and realize that the same
distruetivo policy which has brought but
disappointment and poverty, may be
contimu 1, I cannot remain silent, and f
fed that 1 cannot rojieat too often or
urge with too much emphasis that until
v. ,■ can come down to a
U LTIMATE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE,
a (self-supporting system, wo cannot
expect anything more substantial in the
future than we have have gained in the
pa: f. \\ o arc straining every nerve and
•xlianstiug every resource to produce a
crop of cotton, one-third
THE GROSS VALUE
of which go-.• to tho north and west
lor bi ti f ! nil’s alone. None of this is
tor Hit .if. Cor which we also spend mill
ions of dollars, Suppqpe one-third of the
land devoted to the production of cotton
the past season laid been put in food
crops, and crops on which to fatten hogs,
we would now have an abundance of
everything to supply our home demand,
and i:: --; ad of a crop of 9,000,000 bales at
(it cents, we would have had a crop of
C.oOO,(KHi, worth anywhere from 10 to 15
cents. Thai lam right in this, is proven
by tlu; m- ml jump in the price of cotton
follov, log immediately upon the unfavor
able reports from the cotton fields which
point with certainty to a short crop.
The following figures also give the
same conclusion:
No. Acres
Blau ted. Bales. Value.
I.'YC, 07 <>.|-011,(0'.) 2,‘JtW.OflO $297,810,000
1870-71
lee!) 81 Hi,000,0(10 ti.fi 90,000 356,000,000
IMS '-91 2 .'Mhi.KM 8.300,000 429.000,C0J
1891-92 23,', to, (in i 9,ieh),000 833,000,000
I have submitted these figures for
your careful consideration. They show
that we have added immensely to our
cotton acreage, which means also addi
tional guano, meat and supply hills.
They also show that while we have
more than doubled our cotton crop in
twenty years, the price lias been re
duced more than 100 per cent. Turn
which way we will there is no escape
from tho stem realities of these facts.
Let ('Very man who reads this article
ponder well over this question. Around
our firesides let us discuss these grave
problems, which are to affect the happi
ness. prosperity and future usefulness of
coming generations, Don't get disgust
ed and say von have heard this advice
until you are tired of it. The hope of
the state, the stability of our home in
stitutions. turn at last upon whether we
make our farms self-sustaining and at
the same time improve our lands. At a
meeting of farmers last winter, the fol
lowing language was used:
“Some are lighting the wolf from the
door, while tlie wife and little ones are
poorly dad, and the latter growing up
without- education. Nearly all the mules
fend horses are mortgaged, and a spirit
of unrest pervades our entire agricul
tural community. This lamentable con
dition confronts ihe town as well as the
country. It the latter dies from poverty,
a speedy dissolution of the former is
inevitable. 4
"We are to solve a condition, not a
theory. Reduced to its last analysis, it
can be summed up in this sentence:
‘Waste of time, money and energy in
the over-production of cotton and the
under production of all the necessaries
of life.”’
Touch this doctrine diligently to your
children. Talk of it when you sit in
your house ami when you walk by the
way, when yon lie down and you rise
up—bind it for a sign upon your
hand, and write it upon * the
posts of your house. and on
your states and carry out its principles
in your farm management-.
Hut, you - ay, we are iu debt. Tell us
how to pay out and .save omething. We
answer not by the planting of large crops
of cotton, but. by reducing the acreage,
increasing the yield per acre, and at the
same time planting an abundance of
food crops. Make terms with your cred
itor, give him everything you can jHssi
blv snare. got him then to exercise a
generous forbearance his prosperity
and yours arc bound together l>y undiv
soluble ties. Having done this, with
God's help in dis] Raising the early and
the later rains, and the exercise of brain
and energy, we can confidently look
forward to a brighter future.
Go where yon wiif, and show me the
man who gives his farm his individual
attention, who makes the raising of food
suju.lit-s his tirst consideration,Calcu
lates carefully the cost of his different
crops, eon iders the inanis of his land as
well as the plant final which his soil and
cultivated crops require, cultivates intel
ligently and markets with care, aud I
will show yon a contented individual, a
man thoroughly in love with his gov
ernment. his section, his neighborhood.
Is not this end worth striving for?
LET US AT* ONCE MAKE ARRANGEMENTS
TO SOW FI LL SMALL GRAIN CROPS.
This will not only save our lands from
washing during the winter, hut will
leave it in so much better condition to
receive and produce other crops. The
very fact of broadcasting tlie iertiliaer
introduces the true system of manuring.
\\ e will never jicnuanently improve ou.'
lands while we continue to fertilize in
the drill and depend ou one crop to meet
all our wants.
DON'T ITT OFF SOWING Till: GRAIN.
Late sowing and hurried preparation
are among iho chief drawbacks to ou.'
MJCCits.
RAISING ItOGS
has become so uncommon that where a
fariimr'kiuv’iHtd in makimr eunuch ute.it
tor home use he is remarkably “luekv."
I have called your attention to the im
portance of this question in previous
talks. If one-third of our gross cotton
crop, that is over $100,000,1)00, goes for
breadstuffs alone, what most lie the
amount sent to the West for meat?
TO RAISE HOGS SUCCESSFULLY.
We must give them the same regular
attention and feed that we give to our
horses; give them protection in bad
' weather, keep them in uniform condi
tion. not first fat and then ]>oor, keep
them free from vermin by the use of
kerosene as shown in this report. Give
each hog every week a teaspoonful of
beaten copperas, let them have access to
pure water, and my word for it. you will
have sweet meat and lard, and plenty
of it. It. T. Nesbitt,
Commissioner.
General Remarks.
The present report being predicted
largely on the yield from gathered or
partly gathered acreage looses much of
the uncertainty that attends estimates
bused alone upon conditions existing
earlier in tb* season. The previous re
ports by correspondents for this year are
! substantiated by the maturing crops in
nearly every instance. The decline in
indication of the yield of some crops is
due to the fact that the injuries resulting
from unfavorable seasons were of such
a character that the extent of the damage
could hardly lie properly estimated until
later in the season.
cotton :
In this, our staple crop, the one upon
which we depend to supply our wants
outside of what we are able to raise on
tlie farm, is shown the most marked de
cline. Excessive wet weather, followed
by drouth, and this drouth again fol
lowed by excessive wet weather, has
been the prevailing character of tho
season. Such weather condition resulted
in shedding and casting of fruit, and in
rust and rot. The fall extent of the
damage done was difficult of determina
tion during the early month, as much of
the crop presents a tine apjiearance as to
weed, but with maturing shows but little
fruit, with small and lightly filled bolls.
From many of the counties, especially
those located in Southwest Georgia,
comes the report that the yield in those
counties of that section will be the
poorest ever known. When we consider
the ‘act that this is a great cotton pro
ducing jiortion of our state, the outlook
for a large yield Is anything but flattering.
And when we note the unsatisfactory
conditions and discouraging reports from
all over the state, with the great reduc
tion in acreage and in the use of com
mercial fertilizers, we can safely predict
th ic during the past decade Georgia Inis
not produced so small a crop as that of
this year will he.
If the decrease yield promised was the
result alone of reduction in the acreage
we would have much cause for congratu
lation, and as it is. the gratifying reduc
tion that vva - made will do much to
wards lessening the total yield.
The recent report from the New Or
leans cotton exchange shows that the re
ceipts so far this year are smaller than
th. >s ■of any year since 1888. This indi
cates that the reports on acreage sent
out by the heads of the agricultural de
partments of tho various cotton states
are correct, also that the crop has sul
fVrod froiu unfavorable seasons in all the
states. The decrease in promised yield
is making itself felt on the market not
with landing the enormous surplus car
rii-.l over from last: year, and under this
influence the price has already advanced
over three-fourths of a cent from tho
low price of the summer months. That
supply and demand govern our great
pr< duet. like all other products, is em
phasized by this advance, and it brings
pointedly before the farmers that if they
want a remunerative price for their cot
ton, the yield must be reduced by cut
ting down the acreage, so that a small
crop will be the result of favorable and
unfavorable seasons. Speculation un
doubtedly influences the daily fluctua
tions of the market, and may
at times depress it or give
it an unnatural impetus, but compared
by decades the story is one of increase ’
pr > iuetion and decreased price. In the
monthly talk of the Commissioner will
be found a tabulated statement of the
number of bales produced and the value
of the crops for several years which gives
a comprehensive view of the whole mat
ter. The world, it would seem, has about
$400,000,000 to pay for its cotton clothing,
this sum the cotton growers will receive
whether the crop be a large or a small
one. It is to be hoped that the present
upward tendency of the market will con
tinue nntil such figures are reached that
cotton may be made at a profit. While
the crop is backward, yet nearly all of it
trill be ready for market at an early
date, for while the first bolls that
mature are ten days to two weeks late, yet
as there is but little August fruit upon
tin 1 plants nearly all the tolls trill soon
lie open and ready for picking. This
may operate against the farmer by caus
ing a too rapid marketing and
a temporary decline in price. But hold
ing as we do the solution of the situa
tion within our grasp, we should not
l'eel too much discouraged if we cannot
right the results of two years overpro
duction by the discretion of one year.
Diversified crops, renovated lands, and
a yield of our money crop within the
demands of the world's consumption,
means to tlie Boutli agricultural inde
pendence and profit.
Taught by the bitter results of over
production, we trust that our
farmers are now preparing and putting
in large crops of small grain,
and ti: it next year will see a large in
crease iu the yield of these crops.
CORN.
The large yield per acre promised by
th,- reports on this crop will hadly lie
fully realized. In many counties the
crop will be above an average, and the
tailing off is due almost entirely to the
damage to low land from excessive wet
weather. Throughout the state the
acreage ha? been largely increased, and
the total yield will lie greater than for a
number of yours.
HOGS.
The prospect of pork for tliis year is
not so good as that for last year. Where
hogs have remained free from cholera,
their condition is perhaps better than
last year, but more localities have suf
fered from the ravages of this disease
this year than last, thus reducing the
general average.
TARLE.
The following table give the present
indication of the total yield of corn and
cotton compared with an average total
yield in the state by section:
B a
t-> U
© ©
o u
North Georgia 76 90
Middle Georgia 73 98
South west Georgia 65 95
F-ast-Georgia 71 99
Southeast Georgia... 09 98
State 71 96
The valuable clippings in this re{>ort
are taken from the exchanges, which
come to the agricultural department,
and their suggestions, if followed, will
Ik* worth money to the farmers. In
view of the growing interest in the dairy
:ual its products, the following sugges
tions are especially appropriate.
It. T. N.
Hairy Hygiene,
IMPORTANCE qf MII.K. BUTTER ANP
CHEESE AS FOOD PRODUCTS.
In the care, the feed and housing of
cows is where the foundation of really
line dairy products must always l>e laid.
It the proper conditions exist here, they
will Ik> very apt to l>e followed up by
the like proper and necessary conditions
ad the way through; but unless there is
such a foundation, no future exercise of
skill or careful manipulation can effect
the finest products.
li these are all right, and every dairy
man knows what that means without a
categorical statement, the next thing
that demands attention is the care of
miik from the time it is drawn and up
through all the processes of manufac
ture. All elements of uncleanlines
must l>e carefully excluded from the
milk and from all utensils of the Aairv,
not only because they are objectionable
>n themselves, but lterause they oromnG
fermentation and decay. Every point
about the dairy should be so constantly
clean and well cared for that the owner
would at all times take pride in showing
a customer around, and with the full
confidence that an inspection would add
to the good opinion formerly enter
tained.
Not only are these products often of
inferior quality, but at times they be
come actually dangerous as articles of
human food.
The reason given for exercising this
extreme cleanliness is, that it is now
known that all the changes <>f decompo
sition in the milk from healthful ani
mals. are due to the introduction into
the milk, after it is drawn from the
cow. of low forms of life. These germs
cause souring, make the milk ropy, blue,
etc. Milk drawn absolutely clean, into
chemically clean vessels, and then sealed,
will remaim sweet indefinitely.
THE STABLE.
1. This should be warm, dry, well
ventilated, well lighted, but without
drafts of cold air. Dryness, sunlight
and fresh air are as necessary in a stable
to maintain vigor of cattle, as in a
human habitation. Shutters with mov
able slats which will darken the stable
while still permitting the circulation of
air, are very desirable for summer use.
2. The stable should lie kept scrupu
lously clean, if first-class dairy products
are desire, and abundance of straw, or
sawdust, or dried peat, and even of dry
earth, may be necessary to absorb all of
the liquid excreta, tlie effort being to
alisorb this at once.
3. As disinfectants and purifiers of air
in stables, a frequent use of white wash
on the walls and wood work, and of
pound plaster, sprinkled over the floors,
is necesaary. By the frequent use of
white wash and plaster we may keep
the air of a stable sweet and pure. The
mangers should be kept thoroughly
clean. They should be frequently
washed out with strong salt and water,
otherwise mold will grow in them, espe
cially in the corners. This mold taken
into the stomach may produce inflamma
tion of that organ, and it is also possible
that it may produce the disease known
as lump jaw.—lndependent.
GOOD DAIRY MAXIMS.
It is bettor to have a cow that will
give you 800 pounds of butter a year for
live years and then die on your hands,
than to have one that will give you 200
pounds a year for ten years and then
make you 1,500 pounds of old cow beef.
It is lietter to nave a heifer calf grow
lank and pot-bellied but thrifty, than
one that keeps as “fat as-a seal.”
It is better to feed a cow every ounce
of food she has the ability to take care
of. than to try and gain profit by saving
feed.
It is best to teach the cows gentleness
than to saw off their horns'.
It is belter to pay SSO for a registered
bull calf than to have a grade bull given
you.
1. Cows fed moderately on cotton
se< and the year round never die of mur
rain.
2. Equal parts of mutton suet and
kerosene oil will cure caked bag in cows.
Apply warm.
Denmark has for the past twenty-five
years spent *50,000 annually in the
maintenance of dairy schools. As a,re
sult of this training of the dairy maids
the butter of the country has improved
in quality so greatly within twenty years
that Denmark’s exports of butter have
increased from $2,100,000 to $13,000,000
per year.
1. To spend every surplus dollar in an
endeavor to make your land reach the
highest possible state of fetiliiy, and in
improving your breeds of stock will pay
you the surest and best interest.
3. Stocks of all kinds, from a colt
mule, steeer, heifer, lamb, kid and pig,
should never be allowed to shrink in
flesh from the time they are dropped un
til they are matured for market. To ad-,
here to this rule would lave tho south
several millions of money annually that
is l.ow wasted.
Much of the success of the dairy de
pend:; upon the manner in which the
milking is done. The udder, teats and
flank should be washed with lukewarm
water, and rubbed dry with a towel be
fore milking, not only to remove the
tilth that may have got on there when
lying down in the barn or yard, but to
remove the perspiration which will form
a s< rt of scale or dandruff there, and
which will rub off in milking, and fall
ing into the pail gives a strong "cowy”
odor to the milk. This washing also
softens the udder and teats, making the
labor of milking much less.
It is a good idea to give a feed of
grain before beginning to milk. Many
cows will stand more quietly and give
down their milk more freely while eat
ing.
The milking should be done rapidly,
taking cave, however, not to exert too
much strength in closing the hand, so
as to bruise the teats, or to thrust the
hand against the udder. It should pro
ceed steadily until finished. If the ani
mal is uneasy, work more cautiously,
but do not give up, nor get in a passion
with her.
When the milk is drawn it should be
taken out of the stable at once, and put
where it wiil not be exposed to any foul
odors, even to the breath of the cattle.
The strong smell so often noticed in the
milk, is usually due to either the fine
particles of dust from the udder, or the
lack of the ventilation in the stables and
a neglect to remove the milk at once.
If not to Tie traced to either of these, it
may be found that the cow herself is i:i
a feverish condition from some cause,
and has imparted the taste to the milk
while yet undrawn.
If the milk is of that sort in which
the cream rises rapidly, it should be
strained at once.
Cattle are as much benefitted by daily
grooming as are horses, but it should be
done with a gentle hand.
If farmers will break up any rich
basins or other good lands that they are
not cultivating, from first of May till
doth June, harrow well and smooth, and
save the splendid native hay that will
come up spontaneously, they will not
have so many poor, scrub cattle and
mules.and will luxuriate on rich milk and
butter during the cold months of winter.
GEORGIA HAY.
Mr. Culpepper further stated that
cattle and horses would forsake the
western hay for the sweeter and more
nutritious hay cut and cured from our
native grasses.
His statement is in accord with the
experience of many of this section, no
tably Mr. S. P. Salter, a stock raiser of
long and large experience, both in this
section and in the blue grass regions of
Kentucky. Mr. Salter's statement to
the effect that our native grass cut and
cured made the best bay in the world,
was at first received with a grain or two
of salt, until actual experience had
demonstrated that he was evidently cor
rect.
There is an almost unlimited demand
for hay in Albany at this season, and
our farmers could cut and cure a larger
quantity, and they could dispose of it at
remunerative prices.
Some planters manifest a disposition
to cut aud cure more hay, while others
are disinclined to cut the grasses from
their lands under the impression t hat it
impoverishes the soil. It certainly will
impoverish soil unless it is generously
fertilized. 13nt that is the key to the
situation in this country. We rely too
much on the uustimulated production of
the soil. The soil is susceptible of
highest cultivation, and tlio more gen
erously it is fertilized, the larger in pro
portion will 'uo the yield aud the profits.
—Albany News.
The greatest needs of the farmers of
today is information in their calling.
To supply this want they should take
and re;nl agricultural journals, and from
them drink in that which would enrich
ther minds, ther fields, their graueries.
their pockets. Their families would
grow up more wise, more useful, and
society would Ir> vastly benefited and
agricultural resources would be de
veloped at a more rapid and profitable
rate.
Every farmer should produce as near
as possible on his farm all supplies for
his family and stock: also fertilizers to
maintain the fertility of his soils.
The time Imscome when farmers must
be more observing, more thoughtful and
more determined to understand then
own surrounding, that they may make
ns* nt evervtkinir within thoir
reach. When they will do this success
will no longer be a question.
Onr most non productive lands, which
have grown up in sedge grass and aban
doned as worthless, can be made to pro
duce a good average crop of cotton or
com the first year at little expense. In
the fall, with a good turning plow and
rolling colter, turn under the sedge grass
ar..l other green matter, and let it remain
so all winter. The grass will all lie
rotted by spring and vbe action of the
frosts and rains will pulverize the worst
turf land, then by rebedding and the uso
of a cutaway or some other improved
harrow, you are ready for planting, and
not be troubled with grass. 1 have tried
it and have been eminently successful.
I'ann Manures.
THI FARMER DEFRAUDS HIMSELF.
The average farmer cleaves to the
ideas of his ancestors and feeds out his
winter supply alike to his mixed herd,
equally surprised if this one gains or
that one loses. He does not feed grain
“because he cannot afford to buy it,”
and he will not raise it. because he can
buy it cheaper. His animals are simply
machines for converting crops into ferti
lizers. Instead oi' keeping a few at a
profit, he keeps many at a loss. But
whatever our calling in life, we should
always lie ready to lift a hand against
this ruinous practice. With the means
at our command, better things are ex
pected of us than simply to follow th i
footsteps of our fathers. Economy i j
feeding is the great study of today, and
if we do not contribute onr individual
support to its solution, reproach will fall
our own heads.
* * * * *
Study to make manure—keep such a
class as farm animals as will l>est con
vert all coarse fodder, with tlie least
amount of grain, into manure. 'Would
it not be more profitable to feed out that
hay. stalk or straw stack than to sell it?
In computing tho value of barn-yard
manure, few take into consideration
the humus matter, which most farms
need as badly as the chemical ingre
dients.
* * * * *
Farmers as a rule arc not careful
enough in the saving of manures; too
many lose almost entirely the liquids,
which are worth quite as much as the
solid-*, and the solid manure is often
permitted to beat and burn to an extent
that deprives it of half the nitrogen it
contains. Horse manure, which has the
liquid mixed with it, will very surely
burn so as to injure it if nothing be
mixed with it. The best and the most
available material o use for r.u absorbent
is fine dry muck; not wet muck, but
well dried. It should be dug out sev
eral years before u.-ed, and to make it
fine and dry, it should be spread on dry
■land, say two or three feet thick, and
the plow and cultivator run over it
often enough to prevent the growth of
grass or weeds. When it gets fine and
dry it should lie put under cover, where
it will bo handy to the cattle, and where
it wiil be perfectly dry. With such
material at hand the farmer can save all
of the waste materials ofdxJth the house
and barn that have in them the elements
of plant food. It requires but a very
small quantity of this material to absorb
the liquids of the farm or to prevent the
escape of ammonia. But when the
fanner attempts to prevent waste by
carting to his.barnyard large quantities
of green muck, he makes a great mis
take. for it will not absorb tlie liquids,
and it. to a considerable extent, injures
the solids; first, by delaying decomposi
tion when applied to tho soil, and
second by filling the soil with an acid
that is in a state to injure rather than
bejaefit plant growth.
TIIE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN
AMERICA.
“An expert of the Powell irrigation
survey claims that the irrigable land .
of tin' Central Wert, now wholly bar
ren. will make eight stateslike lndiana.”
This statement is depressing agricul
ture in tlie North. Indiana now makes
71.400,000 bushels of corn and 47.823,000
bushels of wheat. Duplicate that eight
times over and you will understand what
a burden of overproduction of corn and
wheat the •farmers of the North and
West will labor under. Already in
many parts of the West corn is burned
as fuel because it cannot be sold at cost.
Let the incoming tide of foreign farmers
occupy the immense unsettled tract—
furnishing eight times tlie arable land
of Indiana —let them go to raising corn
and wheat, and it is easy to see wliatthe
result will be.
How different is it with tlie farmers
of the South. Here we have a monopoly
of the best money crop that is grown from
the soil. A territory fifty times the size
of Indiana may be added to our farm
area, but it does not increase one pound
the yield of cotton. This is the Southern
farmers’ monopoly. The South will and
must remain tho world's supply for
staple. Twenty years ago the foreign
supply of col ton was nearly equal to the
American supply. But the foreign sup
ply has decreased 2,000,000 bales, and the
American supply lias increased 4,000.000
bales. Egpyt, Brazil, India, Russia—
none of these can compete with tho
Southern St itos of America in supplying
the world with cotton. It is our monop
oly. It is what God gave us when ho
intended that these states we all love so
well should come into their inheritance
at last, even though they come through
travail and sorrow.
This method of treatment for smut in
wheat and oats is worth $1,000,000 to the
farmers of Michigan, and in proportion
to the crop, is valuable in Georgia. It is
taken from Bulletin 87 of the Michigan
Experiment Station;
MOTIIOD OF TREATMENT FOR StJUT IN
WHEAT,
Have two kettles of water not more
than two feet apart, Kettle No. 1
should contain warm water (from 110
degrees to 130 degrees Fahrenheit.) The
water in kettle No. 2 should be heated
to 135 degrees Fahrenheit, “The first is
for the purpose of warming the seed
preparatory to dipping them into the
second. Unless this precaution is taken
it will be difficult to keep the water in
the second vessel at the proper tempera
ture." The seed to be treated should be
placed in a sack that will allow the
water to pass through readily (a coarse
gunny sack is good.) According to the
size of tlio kettle, the sack may contain
from one-lialf to ope bushel A less
amount will make the process slow and
a larger amount will be unwieldy, and
some of the kernels may escape treat
ment. Dip the wheat into kettle No. 1,
lifting it out and plunging it in two or
three times. This process will take but
a minute or so. Now dip it into the
second kettle with water at 134 degrees
or 135 degrees; keep the wheat wc-11
stirred. Perhaps there is no better way
than to lift it out and plunge it in sev
eral times, This should be continued ton
or fifteen minutes, according to the tem
perature of the water, and then spread
out to dry. A second person should reg
ime the tempertm-e of the water and do
nothing else. Probably it will be found
best to have a fire under kettle No. &
sufficient to raise the water to 145 degrees
or 150 degrees Fahrenheit, and then add
cold water to reduce it to 134 degrees or
133 degrees Fahrenheit when the seed is
put in.
If at the end of ten minutes the tem
perature of the water lias not leeu re
duced below 133 degrees, the. seed should
l>o removed and dipped into cold water.
If below 133 degrees Fahrenheit, it
should In l left in fifteen minutes or even
longer if the temperature should fall
below 130 degrees.
FOR SMUT IN OATS.
The treatment is essentially the same
for oats except that the temperature of
the- water in kettle No. 3 should be 13.;
degrees or 140 degrees Fahrenheit when
the oats are put in. If at the end of ten
minutes the temperatureisnot below 133
degrees, the oats should be removed and
dipped into cold water; if below 135 de
grees they should be left in fifteen min
utes. or even longer if the temperature
falls below 133 degrees Fahrenheit,
When taken out dip in cold water.
The hundreds of experiments con
ducted in Kansas. Indiana and other ex
periment stations with treated and un
treated seed sown side bv side, have
shown the practical value of this method.
Professor nwingle and Professor Ar
thur tell me that the farmers who have
tried it in Kansas and Indiana are en-
ulusia.Mic m na mvui. iuiu iu> mo
farmers of Michigan treated their seed
last spring, there would have l>een saved
to the state more than a million of dol
lars. The farmers who raised twenty
acres of oats with straw, promising fifty
bushels per acre, received only forty-five.
In other words the farmer loses 100
bushels of o its. This is a low estimate,
for in no case where farmers actually
counted the smutted stalks did the per
cent fall below 8, and in many cases it
reached 20.
The loss on the College farm this year
will not l>e less than 300 bushels. The
cost of treating is very slight compared
with the damage done by the smut.
Three persons (a boy and a girl to regu
late the temperature of the water, one
man to do the dipping and another to pre
pare the grain for dipping and spreading
it to dry) can easily treat enough seed in
a day and a half to sow twenty acres.
One man and a boy can heat euough for
ten acres in one day. The kettles and
tank of cold water should be arranged
on one side of a post equally distant from
it in the following manner:
One end of a pole snoulJ l>e fastened to
the post. The sack can bo tied to the
pole so that it will come directly ovtr
the kettles as the-man at the end of the
pole swings it from one to the other.
This will be found a very convenient way
for lifting and plunging the seed to se
cure thorough treatment.' The farmer
who treats his seed will save several
times the cost of treatment the first
year.
KEEPING SWEET POTATOES.
The failures many farmers make in
keeping sweet potatoes through the win
ter is because they find let them get t< o
hot when first dug, and afterwards allow
them to be chilled by cold —both condi
tions being fatal to the sweet potato.
First, dig the potatoes at the right
time. We believe it is just as erroneous
to dig an unripe potato for keeping, as it
is to pull an unripe ear of com for plant
ing purposes. Jt is best to dig just after
the first •■killing" frost, if the potatoes
are ripe. They are generally ripe about
that time. Examine them, and upon
breaking soin * of them tli > wound turns
to a dark or blueish color, they are not
ripe, and it will not do to dig them. But
if a milky substance runs from the
wound and dries over it, they are ripe
and should he dug.
Second, don’t let the potatoes get wet
either by rain or dew after they have
been dug.
Third, smooth off tho ground where
you wish to locate the bank. Put a
layer of corn-stalks on the smooth sur
face as thickly as you can, and cross-lay
with another layer of stalks. Spread
over the stalks about four inches of pine
straw or any other kind of straw. Next,
nail together four planks or boards,
forming a hollow. Bore holß3 in each
side of this tolerably thick; stand it on
end in the center of the straw and pile
the potatoes arotui l it. Put a layer of
straw over the potatoes, and a layer of
corn-stalks, setting on ends, over it.
Cover the stalks with dirt, spading it
from close around the bank, thereby
forming a ditch to turn the water from
the potatoes.' Be sure to let the top end
of the boards extend a little above the
top of the bank. Leave the top open
until a rain or cold snap comes, then
cover with a piece of plank until the
weather moderate j. Tnis hollow fur
nishes :vchannel through which air can
readily reach the potatoes all around tho
center, and should be kept open as much
as possible while the weather is moder
ately cool, but as winter approaches it
should be kept closed. Potatoes always
go through a sweat after being banked,
and air distributed through thorn is
very essential.
FARMERS AND FAILURES.
Pin up two facts to be considered
when you are discourage 1: There are
fewer business failures among farmers
than among any other class; more men
begin without capital an 1 become owners
of good business in farming than in any
other vocation.
There is one part of tho farm that is
not benefitted by drainages; that is the
manure h ap.
REMEDIES FOR CHOLERA IN HOGS.
A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer
ascribes the immunity of his swine peas
from cholera to the liberal use he makes
of wood ashes. He does not think the
ashes a cure, or positive preventive, but
his neighbors’ swine suffered severely
from cholera while his pens were en
tirely free from the disease.
The bark of the wild cherry tree boiled
to a strong liquid decoction with meal
or any food that the hog will eat. If he
is too sick to eat give a drench of from
half a pint to a pint "of the decoction.
The cure seems to be qrcek and effec
tive. This remedy given at intervals of
a few months seems to have prevented
the disease of hog cholera with me for
several years past, I raise to use and sail
annually 100 hogs or more.
John P, Fort.
LICE AND OTHER VERMIN ON HOGS.
To keep hogs free from lice and other
vermin, take your kerosene oil can and
pour a little from the ears all along the
back. Two or three applications a year
will he sufficient.
I always begin heavy feeding early in
fall, so that my porkers are ready to kill
any time after the middle of November,
My experience is that most of the pork
lost in the south is that which is killed
after the middle of December,
REMEDIES FOR WARTS AND SORES.
To take off small warts from horses
and other stock, nothing is so good as
caustic. I always keep a stick or two
on hand, Scrape the crust off of wart
and apply every day or two, and they
will soon disappear.
Honey will remove maggots from a
sore on stock better th-m anything
known.
KEEPING DRIED FRUIT.
China berries put in dried fruit will
keep out worms.
ONIONS,
To make the finest and juicest onions,
plant the “sets" in September and ma
nure with droppings from hen house.
Put it on when sets are planted, and
again in the spring—liberally.
Fatal Fight at a Fire,
Dead wood, S. D., Oct. s—The Bap
tist church here, valued at #12.000, was
destroved by fire, which is supposed to
have Wen the work of incendiaries.
During the tiro a fireman named Clem
Spurling and a physician named Nani
teous got into a fight, in which the phy
sician got the worst of it. After tho
fire he armed himself and, meeting Spur
ling in a saloon, resumed the quarrel
and was knocked down. As he arose
he pulled a revolver and shot Spurling
twice in the body, killing him. The
murderer now lies at the point of death
with brain fever. The excitement is
intense, and the firemen threaten to
lynch the physician. He is in jail sur
rounded by an armed guard. Naulteous
is a bad man, having, it is said, killed a
man at Hastings, Neb., before his re
moval here.
George Klentz, of Wichita, Kas., ended
a spree by hanging himself,
A starving mob of poor people at Moriia,
Mexico, raided the city's feed stores ia
search of food, and, ia spite of bullets
from tho soldiers, got what they were
after.
Justice Ingraham, in the court of oyer
and terminer, New York city, sentenced
Burton C. Webster, murderer of Charles
E. Goodwin, to siate prison for nineteen
years.
Edward S. Dann, wrecker of National
Savings bank, Buffalo, died Sunday night
of opium poison. It was suicide. D.um
was to have appeared in court Monday
for trial.
•
and bronchial affections
are speedily releived ami effectually
cured by tho use of that safe and
reliable remedy. Dr. Bull's Cough
Syrup. It has stood the test of half
& century.
An officer in the British army thinks
that ducks would be preferable to
pigeons for carryiug naval dispatches
over the sea because they would drop
down and sit on the water when tired
acd resume their flight after rest
ing.
“HUGGINS’S CHINA HOUSE,”
220 AND 222 EAST BROAD STREET,
AtHens, .... Georgia,
IS THE PLACE TO BUY
CHINA, CROCKERY, GLASSWARE, LAMPS,
Tinware, Woodenware, Knives and Forks,
SPOONS, AND HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS
Generally. If you want to b suited in price, style and finish, call on us. Our Chamber Sets, Dinner Sets, Tea
Sets and Fancy Vases and Library and Hall Lamps are particularly attractive. If you want anything in
the above line, from the cheapest to the best goods, call and see us.
‘ s HUfiGINS ? i CHINA HOUSER
'llO teWSI '2'!'! LAST WROVO S'URLLT,
ATHENS, .... GEORGIA.
Happily Compromised.
The young mountaineer after court
ing the gill fer a half a year concluded
to back out, and n breach of promise
suit was threatened. It scared him
and he sought a compromise.
.“About hew much?” he asked, af
ter a short conference wiih tLe gill
and her family.
They held a consultation.
“Make it £14,” reported the girl,
“and we'll call it square ”
“Geewhillikins!” he exclaimed,
“that costs uaore’u' hitchin’.”
“Mebbs t dees,” she sad,
“but my feclin’s have got to be paid
fer.”
‘Til give you seven,” he said at a
veutuie.
The girl turned up her nose and ar
g.ued, but he held on.
Then another family conference was
held.
“HI split the difference and call it
£10.50,” she said.
“That’s puity hard on a fellow,” he
protested, “but ef you’ll take $5
now auc<! give me till the fust of the
month to lift the balance, 111 do
it.”
Another conference was held ami
he paid in his V and went away re
joicing. This was on the loth of the
month, and on the 28lh be came
around to see the girl ar.d he was
not nearly so confident.
“I sav Matildy,” he said humbly,
“I’ve got to lift. that. $5 50 day after
to morrow, ain’t I *”
•“I reckon you hey’, Jim,” shs le
plied, “tr pop'll bs gittin’ down bis
gun.”
That’s what I suspicioned, Matildy, ”
he said pleadingly, “and I’ve come
around to say that ef you’ll give me
back them £5 I'll splice with you.
I don’t see no five an’ a half nowhere
in reach an’l ain’t likely to nuther, ”
and he looked up furtively at the old
man’s gun over the door.
She shook her head.
“I can’t do it, Jim,” she decided.
“Why can't you, Matildy’” he
coaxed.
“Cuze, Jim, I’ve got ter have some
money to buy anew dress with ef I
get spliced, but I'll tell you what I’ll
do,” and she became kindlier in her
manner. “I’ll split the difference an'
give you buck half uv it. I kin git a
dress fer £2 an’ hev fifty cents far fix
in’s.”
The face of James shone as if the
sun had kissed him, and the “splicin’ ”
took place within a week.
Augusta, Ga., Evening News, Jan. 20, 1892.
Some years ago tire Evening News, In dis
cussing electricity as a healing agent, alluded
to the Electropoise, and so phenomenal and
wonderful have been Us cures that the reputa
tion of the little tnstument Is now echoing all
over the country. A well known case In Augusta
has been completely cured by the Electropoise,
and the following Interview from such a well
known, reliable and prominent man as Presi
dent William C. Sibley, of the Sibley Mill, must
deeply Impress, If not entirely convince, all
who read It.
Mr. Sibley was perfectly wllliDg to give his
testimony to the Evening News about the Elet r
tropolse. He said he bad been a great sufferer
from sciatica for flvo years before he began
using the Electropoise. For two whole years
he had not been free from paiD.and at times the
sciatic pains had been so severe that he would
Jump out of bod In Uls sleep and wake to find
himself on the floor in great agony. He spent
much money in the North for special medical
treatment, and was sixty-geven times cauter
ized with a white-hot iron on different parts of
Ills body. The treatment was almost as terri
ble as the sciatica Itself, and when he read that
a partner of Gen. Alger, the great Republican
politician of Detroit, had paid *5,000 %nd a phy.
alclan's expenses out to California as his joyful
reward for cure from sciatica, he determined to
try the Electropoise.
"How long has that been, Mr. Sibley?”
“A year ago, and you know yourself my con
dition before that lime; I could not walk to my
office, or even across the street; I was helpless
nr-d had to go in my buggy everywhere.”
Mr. Sibley’s statements are remarkable, but
there is no doubt of thr lr correctness, and the
cures made by the Electropolse-are indorsed by
all physicians who examine them.
For all Information, Am, address Atlantic
Eleetropoise Cos., Atlanta, Ga.
It is said that one in every ten of
the woild’s wet king women supports
her husband.
M4KI? lIIKT4KE
When one wants to eradicate every Indica
tion of malaria from their system, they are
truly wise, and make no mistake If they will
try Dr. John Hull’s
SMI r\S T0.41C SYKI P.
For many years It has deservedly maintained
its reputation as being the most reliable of the
many
CURES
one sees advertised and sold for the most an
noying and enervating of all malarial diseases,
known as
Cllll.lJSi 1YI) FEVER.
It has a good and lasting effect and no other
remedy has ever given such satisfaction. De
mand it of your druggist, ake no s übsUtute
on which a larger profit is made. One bottle
will do you more good than six bottles of any
other remedy, and the relief Is always perma
nent. A word to the wise Is sufficient. It cures
malaria.
Tnke ISiill'm sinr>aparilla.
Is your blood in bad condition? Do you feel
weak? Do you have pain? Do sores trouble
you? Are you In poor health and growing
worse? Ise Dr. John Bull s Sarsaparilla. It
will make you well and strong. Do not delay,
•live It a trial. Get It from your druggist.
Large bottle (192 teaspoonfuls) *I.OO.
Or. John Bull’ Worm Dot roy taste
good and quickly remove worms irom children
or grown people, restoring the weak and puny'
to robust health, ry them. No other worm
medicine Is so safe and sure. Pnce 25 cents at
drug stores, or sent by mall by John D. Park A
sons C0.,175 and 177 Sycamore st, Cincinnati, O.
NEW GOODS!
mow PRECIS
WE*ARE RECEIVING
Car Loads of New Goods
Daily. We have never before been able to offer goods so
Attractive and Claeap.
• T DIRECT FROM THE FACTORY.
lil \ NKW STYLES IX DEl ‘ BV > FELT, CRUSH OR WOOL THAT’LL SUIT YOU.,
. .iII III PRICES LOW DOWN.
T fY j jl ■ We are showing the handsomest line ever brought
|j? | 1111 j| to Gainesville in Men’s, Boys’ and Youths. Prices
Xil UiUllililgj that defy all competitors!
kOf our own make, in one hundred different styles. Will cell
them this fall to the retail trade at. wholesale prices. Will
also keep in stock full line of Eastern stock, bought for
CASH direct from factory. Don’t buy uulii you examine
our stock and prices.
Dress Goods, Notions, Umbrellas, Blankets, Trunks (from 50c. to f 10),
Checks, Shirtings, Drills, to be sold on a basis of 6c. for cotton.
Bagging, Ties, Meat, Flour, Salt, Coffee, Sugar, bought
by the car leads. Take advantage of the depres
sion in values by calling on us for any
thing you want and save money.
J. &. HYNDS M’F’G CO.,
GAINESVILLE, : : : GEORGIA.
E. I. SMITH & CO.'
INVITE EVERYBODY IN NEED OF
BOOTS SLXid SHOBB
TO CALL AND SEE THEM IN TIIF.IR
NEW STORE,
Corner of Clay foil St. and College Avenue,
Athens, : : ; Georgia.
*t. o. ■'srEs.isjo.cSrir^T,
NWYSVWLV., •. •. •. •. (VfcOlUUk,
DEALER IN
Furniture, Millinery,Fancy Goods,
Watches, Jewelry and Sewing Machines.
bon any of your people die, Yeargin’s is tbe place to get your
Coffins at tke lowest prices. You can find at his store a full assortment of
all goods necessary to happiness and comfort.
WE OFFER OUR ENTIRE STOCK,
coisrsiSTiisra- of
PRY GOODS. NOTIONS. BOOTS.
Shoes, Hats and Clothing,
At Cost, for Cash. !
And it will pay you to t all and examine.
PITTARD & SYKES,
N°. 7E. Clayton St., - - Athens, Georgia.
A MUSICAL WONDER. JC
T * E K* to I MUSICAL EiHJ.
'A monthly musical journal con- C ’
Tw tairwijsM pasesof the Utc.st-bright- Ah.
e p t <* u most popular vocal ana in- W&*
Kl strumenthl compositions of ih.. -7
Ifl *’•*.7,with handsome rover, on which
•jj is priatod tin excellent portrait of
as some prominent musical personage. ja V
.9 1 neselections of mus e; nd por-s? v
Ja/ trait iin title page i changed
™ a- each issue. The price, beyond ex- f k
(j ceptiqn, :a the cheapest ever heard
Ip o, being 15 cents for single copies i.i,
_ or *1.50 per year.
tJr - Due volume or 12 Issues when . I
A bound make one of the handsomest '■f,
AFA portfolios containing 3HO full size -A.
pages ol the very best music and 15
.-£* excel ent portraits and Is really the
wonder and admiration of ail music f’,
loving people.
nkr Y"ur stationer or music dealer Jk
Tjj will secure copy for you or orderA'A
i? £i re <* of The New York
ft jar Musical Kobo („ Broadway
Jar I heat re Building, 1441 Broadway
Farm Loans
Negotiated In the following counties: Clarke,
Oglethorpe, Occnee, Jackson and Walton. Ap
ply to COBB A CO., Athens, Ga.
Over J. S. King A Cos., Thomas street entrant e
NO ICE TO DEBTORS AND CREDI ORS—
All persons Indebted to the estate of Willis
Webb, late of Jackson county, Georgia, de
ceased, are hereby requested to couie forward
and make Immediate payment of the same, and
those holding demands against said estate win
present them, properly authenticated, for pay
ment. J. M. PARKS,
Sept- 5,1892. Ex r Willis Webb, deed.
Baiwell & Gower KastfacSsriei Cos.,
XvIAXIST STREET,
GAINESVILLE, GEORGIA.
Manufacturers of all kinds of vehicles. Strictly
first-class work at prices as low as the class of
work can possibly be done. Repairing a spe
cialty.
Parker's
BOSSES*® hair balsam
A I Clesnsej and bemerjirs the hair,
ft 7/ ~ Wet Promotes * luxuriant growth.
SSS Never Fails to Restore Gray
Kair to its Youthful Color.
* Curts scalp diseases 4. hair tauinj.
Th Consumptive and Feeble and sit h
•ufierfrotn exhau*r.ng discaaet should uae Parker’s r
Tonic. It curetthe worst Cough. Weak Luogft, Debility,! -
dig eitUa, Female Weakness, Rheumatism amiPain. 50c- k sl.
HiNDERCORNS. Theon’y surecur*for
Stup< ailpoi®. Maaca waikiii* ea ay. Ucts, at hru^.bU.
In Hot Weather
a cup of beef tea made from
Lltbig Company’s
Extract of Beef
will be found palatable, refreshing
and beneficial. This Extract keeps
FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME IN THE HOT
TEST climate. Be sure and get
Liebig COMPANY'S and avoid loss
and disappointment.