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citv this amount. .Will the per? ms objert i.i_ ipiuthi- ■‘core, piease mate a cab ia t i now much it costs the city so li -:ral enter! i:ilt*>«*rt for those who produce dis » i *.i ilieuiacives by ail excessive use ul V')..iS ! i M<s>evwu<i objection is. that they should t»r»«er |ie,mooing the legislature to enforce t!i ■ pen tl law* more stronglv, and in view o; t n< in-asure cent a Penitentiary. ])t trie eojector* under tins head reflect that . file iii no or ne will he committed, when tie cause of nearly all the crime wh ft pervades the land, is cut oft", viz: ex ce 'ive dri i.sing. Witness those states in tv iich retailin' spirits is illegal, and com p ire tite nan< uy of capital offenders, to our o > n slate. Oiliv ilric Tennessee has lia 1 no grogshops for a couple of voir*, and look a’ P-e ini provetneiu in ttie inn i!s of !o*r citiz'*n>. since s!ie i-i*ly and fearlessly c.rne out tipmi this subject. \ S e su tors ii i open gambling, rnr no co ice ale.! weapons carried within Icr lan- ! its. and tire lessening of crime, and vast im proveme it in the morals of her once thoughtless ari l deluded sons, is the ad mi ' ifion an I delight of all travellers. Do t t ■ “Sa iriritans"’ who ••.•’‘use to sign this petition, reflect, that i M - prayer of t ■ >etiiin o r ,ire a.U, t'erewd be infinitely f iver subjects of wan* and misery, to visit watch over and spend money for! Will ail thinking mmi reflect, tha* in si raing this petition, they make an effort to mike:n*n honeu in their transactions, -id aftentive to their business, and the welfare of their family. Did liras permit thousands of weighty re iso us might be given to induce this or aiy orher public, to go strongly for this me istire. in the name of all that is dear to me, let us not be deterred from doing our duty in t us im lorraot instance, for fear of the dis pleasure of those who tnay conceive their interests affected by this measure. A SIGNER. F o>n the Aususta Mirror THE TRIALS OF A LAZY MAN. “Heaven fore r end that you should be As lazy as "his man you see.” Ah ! ’tis a terrible thing these hot dsys, to be dragged bv the pin'-hings of hunger fro n a fellow’s cool seat in the shade of u nbrageous oak. along the streets under a j arching sun, with one eye a squint to a dinner that one is a'most too lazy to eat. We ail have Our good qualities and our faults; and nature has given to different spheres fur the fin and good of all minkitid. The mechanic toils throughout the livelong day, »he ploughman sings his morning livmn a! the plough handle and his ni3tin song upon the distant fields, while ‘ labor ipse V 'up'us* may be read in every action : but for the life of us we can’t bring our«f lyes to the conclusion that we have a taste for any such pleasures. "Oh ! how delightful,” said we the other morning as wc softly reclined in the shade of a friendly house, on a box that all loa fers ought to be buried in. “Dance away Laurence as much as you please, while the grasshopper blows his pipes for you; I’m here for the day, if the sun don’t drive me on the other side of the house. Your steps are lazy, and your piper’s notes are enough to close tiie eyes of Argus; put ine to sleep if you please: its just where I’m a going ” We have a brother older than ourself, who is more solicitous about our welfare lh'n we are ourself, and just as the grass hopper's notes were dying away in dull drowsiness, and the house just in front fa ding from our view, an unwelcome sound like the following startled us from our hap py reveries: — “Jet up from there you lazy dog. you.'’ “Now ] just wish you’d let me alone,” as we shifted sides, was the only reply. “Why you’ll kill yourself if you don't mind. “.More in the world than you can eat then,” we replied. “Well, get up—l want you to go some where,” “Go yourselfand let me rest for a while, wifi > ou ? “No. you shall not rest in this wav.” “Ye.s, but I sl|tiv though.” “Good morning, Mr. Pepper,” said Mr. 11 n!o.i. as lie joined the company, and mad*' ]ii:re ,m interesting trio at the box. “Good, morning, s>r. Oh, dear, l wish you would let me sleep.” “Marih Peter, mitheth thays you tniith go there.” Go to the and 1 you black imp, and Hudson —"l summon you to be and ap pear”— “Oh, the old boy!—hush!" exclaimed W“, thinking ilia: the conversation was be coming extremely uninteresting ; but he c ritinued, seemingly without 1 aving noticed nur ej tculatiou “on li st Wednesday morning, at the hour of eight in the morning. »t Gulden’s Creek, with a grubbing hoe or pick; to work on the rot i, from said creek to ” “Oh, hush ! if von value my happiness. C liit'iu id all the roads in « reation. 1 wisu; oil, dear !—-now, aint this the cap of all caps ”’ Well, reader, you no doubt feel as sire* py as we did, if you read our misfoi tut < c how would you like at this moment to it "a-such a confounded commentary upon iup’riia! improvements ? ‘•Good day, sir,” said Hndsnn, as he l"ft its to o ir own glory at tl e box, “ .Ve;l now Peter, mv orother be gan. when we brought his r/nn-.irl* <o « .-cri oJ though in the middle of a sentence, bv, “ Won’t you hire a hand to work on the road in my stead ?’’ “No, 1 shall o encourage you n your laziness; but if you will get up, and ad in'unit me, 111-—'’ * t. and ;:ie a (lullai will >ou?” “No, 1 shall not do iu.it cither, for fear you might subscribe for the Loafer’s Jour nal,’ and then he too lazy to read it. Oh, dear, oh dear! when shall I rest. Will you just leave then; if you will not lend me-a dollar that 1 may enjoy myself for awhile alone !” No sir ! you must rise, and go out in the country and tell ” “i ll be ranam'd j.m m’tl and kicked into a three corner’d cock’d hat if I do; now that’s flat.” “ Well,” said, he. I'll torment you a« you stay here.” , .. •‘I shall not stay li"re A fipr|he sun is mai king rapil innovations ijpryn the premises ;. and when Ido staff,'i'll get’but Os your way I warrant you. v, “ . ; Where will you go ! n • * Laurence— 'This world is well known to southern people, 'j he peculiar appenr a ice of tops of houses and of fen ces, especially 3>n the srpring ot the year, when the son is shining clear and warm, formed o* retracted light has received this name, and the apparent motion of the ob -6 ca»,cJ Laurence dancing." Never mind. I’ll watch you. t don’t care, 1 must rest fora hard days labor next Wednesday, on the road. “Weil,” said he, “if 1 though: that you would labor like a man next Wednesday and afterwards through hie, 1 would leave you to the enjoyment o. your rest ; and be iiaopv in anticipation of your future lueftil ncss to vourself and others. 1 would be re joiced beyond measure to see you active and dilg'Mit in bus iness; always ready by vour industry to provide for the w ants of those dependent upon you ; and preparing lor vourself a rich harvest for the winter of age. B v dilligenee you call become use ful m voutii, respected in manhood, and honored in the vale of years.” “D -pend upon me. I’ll make the effort. “Then 1 leave you” ; and so saying, he lift ice to mv oh n reflections. \V< will write, reader, the substance oi our thought* ; trusting that some may read them with profit. To what am 1 tending? 'Phis is an important question, ami should he the daily inquiry of every man. But answer it candidly to myself here is the shade; I am tending to nothing good, I lioii es'fv kclii-ve : a confirmed habit of indo lence will strengthen upon me without 1 make an effort to throw off the bondage. I behold the vast field for philanthropic service ; the manv objects for benevolent action; farther still, t tie boundless range of science, wl o*e high i ml almost inaccessi ble summits loom in ’he dint distance occa sionally hid from the sight by clouds, the creatures of indolence. On all sides 1 be hold a garden, rife with beauties and snb hinitie \ " itli rocky dells and peaily dreams; yonder chistcr rich fruits; inviting to the taste; there spreads out a beautiful land-* scape; and there the florist kneels and plucks sweet flowers, “To w eave a garland for her brahlen hair.’ Yonder, from the brow of that hill, the eye of vcience, with, “Philosophic tube, the glittering host Os azure realms unveils.” /Jut where am 1 ? Right here at the gar den gate, without much prospect of getting farther. Rise Peter, “‘or be forever fallen.” Well, I’ll r>se. How came Ito think of ri sing ? Let me see. The last words of mv brother brought me to reflection. Commands and threatenings would never have brought me to it, nor will they ever bring any person to profitable reflection up on any subject. If kind and feeling words with willingness to pity, and not upbraid our numerous faults, do not reach ihe heart then give up all effort—but these will sel dom fail. Upon all occasions try them, for a contrary course has no doubt often tended to ttiengthen obstinacy, shut out conviction, and blindfold the unhappy victim for an early sacrifice upon the altar cf ruin. We lose from our reflections a changed man in some respects.; but it is not honey tod milk, as we intimated in the beginning to stroll about in the hot sun’s rays at this time. We have got to crawl before we can walk however, and we trust that we shall soon have a taste for walking in the corn field, that we may taste the fruits thereof at harvest time. PETER PEPPER. Warrenton, Gto. AN APPALLING NARRATIVE. Several of the New York papers contain detailed reports of the trial of the Braganza pirates and murderers. It is unnecessary te publish the testimony at length, but the following story of the dreadful scene, as related by Ilobort Moir, the second mate, will be read with interest —Louisxile Jour. “In the months of July rnd August I was second mate on board tlie brig Braganza. She saiied from the port of Philadelphia, onthe 7th July, 1838. The captain was Arnel F. Turley ; first mate, Thomas Van dersliee; myself, second mate; there were four able seamen. an J tw o boys as ordinary seamen. V* ilheltn was know non hoard as Bill, Van Bruggen was called Joe, and a man named Adams on board was called Harry. There was a colored man on hoard named Thomas Frown, who was cook. Mr. at 1 Mrs. Diehl and the captain’s wife were on hoard a* passengers. Mr. l.'i -I I was the ow ner of the brig. On Saturday : i.ht, s:ti August, I left the deck a quarter alter 12 o’clock, and Mr. Vantlersilce took charge of the tJeck, as it was his w atch. 1 cannot say which of the sailors were on deck after I left. I retired to my berth in the state-room in the cabin. The captain and his wile were asleep in the starboard berth, and Mr. and Mrs. Diehl in tlie lar board berth. There was a door from iny Mate-room into the camn. I fell asleep": l was awakened about 2 o'clock by the erv of murder, which 1 took to he the chief tna’e’s voice, and so still believe. 1 heard them twice after 1 awoke, and also heard a scuffle on deck. I at once jumped out of my berth went into the cabin, anti found the captain and Mr. Diehl getting out of their berth. I went on deck, preceded by the captain, who, I think, was not armed. I was lit the b"ttom of the steps when the cap nin was at the top. On the deck, the first person I saw was Mr Vandersliee, first mate, lying ou dt rk, w ounded and liloodv, hi* head hanging down the companion way. He spoke to me 1 found the four sailors, including the two prisoners, hnudson and Adams, on deck. 1 found Joe engaged with the captain ; Bill also engaged in the at tack. Joe was armed with a pump brake or handspike. V ilhelni had a sheath-knife iu his hand ; Hans and Adam* had no wenp pons 3 s I saw. Seeing Joe engaged with theea l tain, I struck at him with a belaying i'iu I bad in my hand,' and hit Hans on the temple. Hans being neatest tome, I got hold and tried to force him down. In the scuffle I was tripped, and tell on the top of llans, when Van Brugeen, or Joe, struck me with a handspike on the shoulder. Adams then cut me on the head with ft knife, and wounded my fingers severely.- The captain then returned to the cabin to get a cutlass, and said he would fix them. While he was there, Wilhelm unshipped the gangway amidships, and kicked it over hoard, and leaving an open place in the bul warks of tbe vessel, so that a person could be thrown overboard. Hans and I were still scuffling, and while W'e were. Wilhelm and Adams took hoi I of me and tried to throw me overboard. 1 went overboard through their means; I held on to Hans and took him overboard with me, and caught upon the after-gtiy, to which we bo'll clime. Har.s then let go of mg, and a rope-was let down to Hans, who got hold of it, and 1 did also. , Van Br'uggep, or Joe. then got a hand spike and Struck' me on the arm. frac fitring one ’of she snufll bones, while ] ljp|d on to the rope. Meanwhile, the cantain came on deck with a cutlass, and the atten tion of the men was turned from me to the captain, and I got on deck and crawled in the companion-way of the cabin, much injured by the blows. When J got into the cabin, I found Mr. Vandersliee lying at the foot of the cabin ; the captain was lying on the deck, held down by Van Bruggen or Joe, and Wilhelm, or Bill. The captain begged for mercy, and prayed that they wouidspare his life for the sake of liis poor wife, saying ' he would forgive them ail they had ever done. When 1 got into the cabin, they fasteued the door with spikes.* to prevent any of us going to the assistance of the captain. While there, 1 continued to hear the cries of. the capiaiti on deck ; they were cries for mercy. They continued s.-tne time, and then there was a s,illness of about five min utes; then I heard a splash in the water. I then heard a cry from the captain in the wa ter, exclaiming, -Oh, my God, 1 am dying !’ 1 could see the captain from the cabin w in dow in the water. 1 observed the captain trying toswim in the water until he was out ul sight. It was night lime, and 1 did mu see trim sink. “1 came on deck the 7tli day. Before 1 came o:i deck, 1 was confined by the crew, with whom 1 communicated with every ilay. Thecrew had command of the vessel, Wil li' Im him 'g the chief command. The crew said it was very well known what they had i done with the captain, and they sliou and c«n si<ler it tiieir duty to put us out of the way in like manner for their own p.otection and safety. The course ofthe vessel was chang ed in about six hours after the tnutder of the captain; the whole of the crew spoke to ».e and asked for various things out of the cab in, which we refused to give them, until tin y wtiutd tell what they m ant to do with us. At the time of the murder the ve«*ei was off tile Western Islands, in a right di rection for the Strait of Gibraltar, bound to Genoa. I a~he<l them why they changed the course of the vessel ! they said, we should find out soon enough , they said afterwards they were hound to the British channel. Alter this Adams said he would take the brig to within a few feet of his father’s door, or to Hamburg. We requested them to per mit us to come on dick; they said they would think of it. The first three days we were in the cabin they treated n* very badly, the next three not so bad. They required us to give up the arms ; we, at first, ref used, but, finally, as we had no ammunition, we agieed to throw them overboard, which they consented to, and we threw them overboard. They demanded, also, tlie chronometer, and tlie jewelry, spede, and other valuables in the ratlin. On our refusing to give them - up they prepared to daiken the c.ibin win dows, and shut out all light. We gave them up. They then attempted to suffocate usby smoking us, unless we would give up more money; we were smoked fifteen minutes. I went and begged them to remove the smoke. They came and asked what 1 wan ted ; I told them, and promised to look for some morn money if they would remove the smoke ; they did so. and the smoke ceas ed. The first persons they allowed to come on deck were Mr.’Diehl and his wife. He wosld not go without his wife. Tl ey pro posed to give us the jolly boat, said there was sail in sight; iT we wished to save our selves now was the time. Some lime after this we came on deek ; Joe was at the wheel and the others standing round uear him. They were all armed except the boy, with knives or ha’cl. t. Wilhelm called himself captain, atnl Adams as first mate. We made a pioposition to them to let us have the long-hoot; they at first refused, hut finally consented, and suffered Mr. and Mrs. Diehl, Mrs. Trley, myself,and the cook, to go into the long-boat at 2 o’clock in the afternoon. When we left (he vessel, Mr. Vandersliee was alone, lying on the floor languishing under his wounds. We were taken up the next day by the brie Edwin, bound to Gren nock. 1 arrived in this city on the 26th of October. I have not seen the prisoners since I left the vessel before this morning.’, A Generous Heivaxd, for a Noble Action. —Yesterday afternoon, two persons were riding across Bowdoin square in a one horse wagon, when one ofthe wheels came off which frightened the horse who started off' at full speed down Court street, to the im minent danger of the two individuals in the vehicle—and in spite of their combined efforts to stop him. None of the persons passing aloug the streets were disposed to risk their lives iu an attempt to seize the horse, until the horse, and wagon, un der full speed, were met .by Pat rick Kohler, an industrious and noble hear ted Irishman. He sprung immediately be fore the horse, and tliru*t an open umbrel la, which he held in his hand towards the af frighted animal. This caused him to slack en his speed, and swerve aside, w lien Pat rick seized him by the In idle, ai.<l after a severe struggle succeeded in stopping him. The gentlemen in the wagon appeared quite grateful for t lie timely rescue, and ex pressed their acknowledgements to Patrick fur Ilia intrepidity ,iuii good fel ling in thus attempting to save their lives at the ii.*k of his own. Indeed one of them was so over come by the generous act, that lie actual ly put his hand in Iris pocket, drew forth •t’d tendered to the astonished Irishman, who wished for i o reward for doing so gen erous an action, she ruoimous sum of six and rents.—Boston Journal. From the Journal cf Commerce. Massachuse la a Century ago. — The Bos ton Transcript 'opics the following adver tisements fiom the “New England Weekl\ Journal” for February 24th March 17tli, and April 21st, 1729- They exhibit not ot ly a slaveholding community, but a slave impoiting community. Had the climate of Massachusetts been like that ofSouthUar olina and Georgia, who can say 'hat she would pot have been a slave-holding State to this day ? At least there is room for charity towards the Southern Slates, wheth er it be old England or New England that judge them. A* lor Old En_latid, history is full of proof that she forced slavery upon her American colonies, both on the con tinent and iu the West India Islands. In 1 760, the colony of South Carolina passed an act to prohibit the further importation of *lave*. Great B it tin rejected t with in dignation ; reprimanded the Governor, ant! sent a circular to all the other Government* w arning tin in against a similar offenre. We annex the advertisements above alluded to. Avery likely Yonng Negro Womnr, seasoned to the country, to be sold, inquire to the printer heieof. Horses and a Cart with several Negio Men, fit for anv Business, To be Sold, in quire of the Printer hereof. An Indian Woman's time for about 2 yea’s who can do all sorts of Household Work,'o be disposed of. inquire of the Printer hereof. Avery little Negro Girl about 14 years of Age, can speake good English, has been 2 ears in the Country, To be Sold, inquire ofthe Printerhtrebf. To b" Sold, a little Negrp Boy about Thirteen Years of A&e, has been 8 Months in the Country, inquire of Air. James B“<y er, Jeweller, over against the Governor’s" The Court Martial in Montreal has fin ished its labors, after a session of five months and a half, during which 110 prisoners have been tripd. Twelve have been executed, nine acquitted, and the remainder are in jail under sentence of death. i The following letters are from distinguish ed gentlemen invited to attend the dinner give* to Wm. C. Rives, K*q. at Amherst Court-house on Monday week : Bareocrsville, Mat 12, 1839. GeStlemeS ; I duly received your letter of the Bth instant, in which you invite me “to partake of a public dinner to be given at Amherst Court-house to our late distin guished Senator, William C. Rives, as a mark of approbation of the manly and patriotic stand taken by that gentleman against Execu'ive misrule and party dic tation ;” and I regret that indispensable engag*mets will deprive me ofthe pleasure of uniting with my fellow-citizens of Amherst on such an occasion. Your guest deserves well of his country for having, with great ability, opposed the financial measures of the Executive, but' too justly denounced, a few short years i ago, by its now advocates, as a measure, by uniting the purse and the sword, calculated to enlarge alarmingly the already more than royal prerogatives of the Pres ident, and to put our hard earning 8 into a hundred additional hand*, which recent melancholy experience teaches us is but another name, to subject them to addi tional plunderers. But we owe him still more, for his lofty and indignant rebuke of the monst rous doctrine, avowed lor the first time by power, that it is not only the right, but the •duty, of the subalterns of the Executive o interfere with and endeavor to control qmpular elections—an interference truly charicterized by Jefferson ns smothering tlie public voice, and turning the ballot box. the ark of liberty, into a mockery. In all the omens, unfavorable as they generally are, I see nothing more portentous of mischief than th<s new doctrine, and the practices in conformity thereto; Cor so long as the power of arbitrary removal from office, for opinion sake, is exercised by the Executive, the incumbents ofvffice are Ids slaves; and, adding insult to enjory, they taunt us with file asurarce that these slaves-—the lircath of whose nostrils is the pleasure of the Executive-—arc t e fittest apostles to preach to the People that jealous vigilance of Executive power which our fathers taught us was the price of liberty. F"r myself, unless this power is restrained by the law or the Constitution. 1 dispair of the Republic—Co* America, like Rome in the language of Jngurtha, will soon be waiting'only for a purchaser. And it is his “manly stand'’ against these obnoxious measures—refusing to betray bis trust and to become his supple tool—that the Executive and his lollowers are seeking to beat him down. It is als" too notorious to be denied that the cour*e of your guest was in exact con formity to the wishes of Virginia. An issue, therefore, has lieeu tendered to us ny the President, whether his will shall prevail * and his opponents be outlawed ; or, whether the Pen) le, in d"spite of his dictation, will rally around their representa tive, who has had the independence man fully to do his duty, and save him from the threatened doom ; or in other words, whether the Republican system presented in the Constitution by the wisdom of our ancestors, whose administration was to be confided to the independent counsels of the wise and virtuous, to he elected by the People and States, is to be maintained ; or to give place to that monstrous anomaly, a dem ocracy—for so it calls it sv 11-—to he con trolled and governed by the will of one man— for such, in pralice, has been the American Government for the last ten years. While such an issue is pending for myself I will neither look behind nor beyond it to any extraneous matter. Let us settle it on its own merits, and learn by the decision whether we have any thing left worth contending about. The result is full of interest. (Jan it be prudent in the People to add additional incentives to a subserviency to the Executive? Is not the number sufficiently frighfuljalready who are honing after the flesh-pots, and, Esau-’tke. prepared to sell their birth-right for a mess of pottage? Or is it desirable to swell the number, by sacrificing the representative who has firmness enough to discharge his duty, and thus proclaiming that there is no house of refuge against Executive indignatit n ? Such a course on the part of the People would not be ttnhke that of the sheep who destroyed their wauh-dog at the suggestion of the wo-lf. The people of Amherst, it seems to me, have looked at this issue in its true bearing, and have done justly and wisely in offering to their guest this tribute of their approbation. It is the only return the people can make to their representative for turning his back on party, and scorning alike its threats oi its bribes—a return most precious, indeed, in the eyes of, a sincere patriot, and which he may, unhesitatingly, weigh against, aud kccept as an equivalent for. those offices or' contracts, though embellished by extras, regular or irregular, within the gift of power, and exclusively dispensed for party purposes; and which, according to the modern doctrine, is a servile liverv, proclaiming the wearer a jobber of all works, and ready to do the bid dings of his master. I have expressed myself frankly to yon. I have no motive to disguise or conceal my sentiments lam a mere looker on, and ro futher concerned in the current of public affairs than is common to all nien. Occupying the condition of an independent tiller of the earth, without any other resource, and with no wish to change that condition, to ine, personally, it is a matter of the most entire indiffer ence what men or what parties are exalted or abased. My sole wish is to see the return of those older and better times, when the cfilers ofthe People were bestow ed on the worthy, and not prostituted to the vile purposes of rewarding a venal sycophant. I owe to you and return my profound acknowledgments for the very favorable refrence you wets so kind as to make to the part I have borne in past time. Asfaras zeal is intitled to commendation, you have only done me justice. But no one feels more sensibly than mvself the wide difference between what 1 have done and what I wished to do. My onlv consolation is, that the avails of my stewardship are a fair return for the small number of talents wherewith I,whS'enU“ti6ted. Your fellow-citir.en. JAMES BARBOUR. To Messrs. Robert Cam in, David. Patterson, IVm. Al. Wuller, and Ed. Penn. Richmond, Mat 16, 1839. Gentlemen: Your letter of the 10th inst. inviting me to tbe public dinner to be given to the honorable William C. Rives, at Amherst court-house, on the 20th, has been delayed on the road ; 1 did not receive it till yesterday. I thank you for the polite terms in which you have communicated the irvi tation. Buisnes9, which requires my con stant attention at home, would have pre vented me from availing myself of it, if it had been received in time. But candor compels me to add that that world not h ive been the only, or, indeed, the principal reason which would have tuduced me to decline it. I have seen innch in Mr Rives’s recent conduct to respect and approve. I am most desirous to see every man sustained against that despotism of party, wielded by the patronage ofthe Executive, which allows no independence of thought of action, ami which, after having destroyed so many public men, now levelled aganst Mr. Rives in his turn, with its usual ruthlessness of vengeance. And, after having seen the Senate of the United States humbled and degraded at the President’s feet, by the * expunging resolution, and its influence, in a manner, struck out n| our olitical system, it has afforded me particular pleasure to see Mr. Rives asserting and maintaining in that body his o* n inde pendence of Executive control, and, at the same time, the independence, the dignity, and the just authority of the body itself. Such conduct ought to redeem him from the blame of many former errors and faults. J am even disposed to admit it as a partial atonement for his concurrence in the expunging resolution, lie is now an object of persecution to the faction whose beleful power he has contributed to establish ; and I am really happy to see public honors bestowed upon iw*i. by others who taki a different vew from mine of the present rta'e of politics. But so long as Mr. Rives hold* himself wholly un<omit ted ou the snlirct of 'he Presidential election, 1 cant V In ir and conscience, commit mysell to me support of Mr Rives. At the same time, 1 am aware that mv support or opposition is utterly insignifi cant and inconsequent al to him and every body else but myself. While the doctrine stands admitted, that the President is entitled by the Constitution to the custody of the public treasure, it is, in my humble opinion, a question of compnrat ve insignificance, whether the system of sub treasuries, or the select State bank system, with general or special desposites, or any other scheme for keeping the public treasuie, which the wisdom of the Lgeislature or the ingenuity ofthe Executive can devise, shall be adop ted; for, effect, the custody of the public money will still be in the President a't ne. It is the doctrine itself which it behooves t lie People to explode and condemn, as the most false, the most dangerous of all Executive pretensions. 1 regard th; Presidential election as r truth the only impor:ant question, the great question of national interest, which involves and absorbs all others in the present juncture of affairs. Nothing, in my sense of things, can stop, or even check, the transition of the Federal Government into a mere elective monarchy, and a trton arcliy elective through the instrumentality of the most ni-dignant faction and the fullest corruption, but the dismission of our present rulers from the public councils and confidence forever; rulers 1 call them, for they are our masters in fact, whatsoever they ought to be in theory ; and hard masters too, who maintain anti pay Ihe army ol partisans on which they depend for power, bv openly and avowedly dealing out tlie honors and emoluments of office without the least regard to any merit but party zeal and party services. In one instance at least (and I believe in many more) an officer, after having receited and appropriated public money to his own use, has been knowingly permitted to retain his office, and to enjoy the spoil, iu order to secure the continuance of his own and his friends’ support of the Administration; aud the cabinet minister, who was Presi dent Jai kson’s instrument in this gross and indecent abuse of Executive patronage, is still President Van Ppae>'s Secretary ofthe Treasury. Corruption is raising her h°ad with shame, without fear, aud (so far as the dominant faction and the reigning dynasty is concerned) without reproach. The stimulus to the Agrarian spirit ad ministered by the Government at Washing ton tlire ugh all its organs—the cry of the poor against tlie rich, which has been w ilfully and successfully raised—the clamor aganst all independence in the administration of justice, which is but the prelude to an assault on the principle of property—those disgusting professions of ultra-democracy, louder and louder, always, in proportion to their conscious insincerity, and the success of these odious and dishonest arts-—these are symptoms of degeneration from our Republican institution, the nature and tendency of which are rot to be mistaken by any man who has bestowed the least attention to the history of the progtessand downfall of Republican govern ments. And, unless the practice of these arts can be signally rebuked, by discar ling from office the unhappy or the guilty man who. willingly or by compulsion, is the leader, or the tool, of the faction which practises them, I for ones! a I tease to iiave any hope of tbe Republic. In fine. 1 must insist that Mr. Rives and every honest man, thinking as he thinks of the measures of this Administration, ough t to stand forth with Mr. Tallmadgk, and proclatn “uncompromising hostility to tbe ciecton of Martin Van Burk.n.” I have written this letter to avert the possibility of any misunderstanding of my own opinions by those w’no have thought proper to honor me with the invitation which you have communicated to me. Whether opinions are right or w rong, as I entertain them, it is but honest to avow them. But J am by no means desirous, that you shall publish them— though I have no objection to your doing so, if you think proper. 1 am, gentler en, with respect your obe dient servant, B. W. LEIGII. To Messrs, Camm, Pattcson, Horn to make a specula’ion. —Among the Public Defaulters is Gordon D Boyd, 'ate Receiver of a Land Office in Mississippi, in which office lie was retained long after the fact of his defAlcation wa* bruited abroad.— Wc perceive that hi* lands amounting to up wards of 20,000 are advertised for sale by the U. S. Alarshal, in the Mississippi pa pers, for the purpose of paying his default. But what is tbe fact ? These lands cost a sum amounting to nearly a third of the a mount for which Boyd is said to be a defaul ter, (80,000 ;) and if they were paid for at all, were paid for with the money belonging to the government, received from other pur chasers of lands. They cost him about $25,000, at the minimum price of $1 25 per acre: Now, the Government Las seized upon them, not as its own property, which they are, but as Boyd’s never paid for, or, paid foi with the government’s money ; and being chosen spots, and sold, not for cash, as government lands are, but ou 1, 2 aud 3 years’ credit, will, it is supposed, command on an average, not less than §lO an acre, or §200,000 . So that Uotdou D. Boyd, by using §25.000 of the public money iu buy ing public lul ds, will be cni.lletl lo | a\ up his whole delatilt of SBO CtO nett! \VI O would nt plunder Untie Sam, wlieu, inst<; and of being thrust into the Penitentiary, as 'J n by Watkins was, oue can get such tat j icL ing* as this L. I irginian. REDUCTION CONVENTION. We do not hesitate to say it is our deli berate opinion that this body has failed to propose to the people a | lan that redu ces and equalizes the represei tation in the Legislative® Georgia. Not only has it failed to do this, but we are prepared to prove to die satisfaction of any candid rea der that the plan it lias proposed increases the inequality now existing. These ie marks are not made for the purpose of oppo sing its ratification by the | eople. Fator. able to reduction, the Ji urnal will sup . port any plan that embraces in it principles ol equality. We will even go further and say, that it will support ri duction, provided that the existing inequality be not ii crea sod by the proposed amendment of the con stitution. These bring our views our rea ders will not understand us as writing for the mere purpose ol creating an excite ment agxin*t ratification. Not so. \\ t write for the purpose of calmly investigating the subject; and if. upon viewing it in all its bearings, we should be convinced that it is out dnty to support the plan proposed we will cheerfully yield to the dictate-s of our conscience, and rally our feeble efforts to its support. For the present, we shall present, a few objections to the plan pro posed by the Convention, for the consider" ation of those_who urge its ratification by the people. } And first, under the present system, the 47 counties, with a representative popula tion of about 170,000. are entitled to 123 votes in the Legislature; and the 46 lace counties, with a representative population of 389.000, are entitl' and to 176 votes in the Legislature, upon pint ballot. 'J his gives to the large counties a majority over ti e small count e- of 55 votes. Let us now examine info the proposrd p’an. and see I ow it compares with ti exbcv.: The 24 small Set atonal Districts, with a representative population of about 190,0( 0, w >ll he entitled to 79 votes and the 22 lair « districts with a lepresentative population of about 370.000, w ill he intitled to lus votes, upon joint ballot. This wll give to the large districts a majority 0f26. Bv tl e arrangement proposed, the large coiintiis lose seventy-three members, and the email counties only forty-four. Again : il'our statement above be correct and we have endeavored to make it ro, our leaders will, by making ti e calculation, rta dilv peicehe that under the present system, the small counties have, on an average, a member in the House of Representatives for a representative population off, 63; whilst the large counties have a member for a representative peculation of 2,23 l—the inequality being 695 ; or, in other word*, for cvety member that the large and populous counties return, they must have a ] c pula tion ofP95 persons more than the small and more thinly settled counties. To rimitiv this inequality in ti e popular branch, v'e conceived to he one ofthe important duties ol the Convention. The great cause ts complaint with a respetabie portion of the people, was because of this inequality.— Whilst they were willing that teir’toiy should he represented in the Senate, they weie disposed to give to population its due influence in the other branch of the Gener al *.ss*mblv, and at the same time to re duce the representation within proper bounds. Let ns now see how these tx pe< tations have been ranlized. The proposed atnendmei t of the Consti tution gives to the sn a'ler counties, on an average, a representative for a population of 3,454 persons. To large co nit cs. a if| - reseutative for a population of 4.457 per sons—making t' •inequality ].< (3. So tl at for every representative i l.i h the large counties return to|ihe Legislature.ui dcrtl e proposed plan, they must have a re; icfcnta tive population of 1,003 more than the small counties, and 208 mete than the prtsrrt, system. If this be not increasing inequvdi tv. then are wc much deceived. \\ e wot: Id tow inquire of those who advo cate the ratification of this plan, upon what principle of justice, or dt mocrary, is it that we are called upon to ratify what is only en tailing upon the countty for a scries ol vents at least, a system certainly mote unequal than tire present. \\ e have another objection to the adop tion ofthe plan proposed, which we tLinL is foundid upon ro.rect and ptopper prin ciphs. It is tLis. The conviction cannot he resisted Ly us that this | lan is a party movement. We distinctly Lean! it affirmed in the Convention by more than one member of that body, that they would support no measure that did no' give to the Union Democratic Republican Party, a ma jority in the Legislature. Upon what prin ciple they claimed this majority, we ate at a loss to determine. It could c ly he t [ o* principles of' modern denuicraey—-that no mocracy w hich Senator Rives so emphati cally describes. Let us examine and see which party is entnled to a majority in the Legislature, if party interests are to be brought into con sideration at all. Did the Union Party have a majority in the last Legislature 1 Did they have a majority ol the votes of Geor gia in ilie election l'tr Governor in 1837, or in the el“ctien for members of Congress in 1838 ? We apprehend nr/ t . Do they represent a majority of tl, e people ? No. The State Rights Purt-;, upon a moderate calculation represent, a repsesentative popu lation of2o,(!fio more than the Union Par ty. Then wh;at right have they to a major ity in the Legislature? None! It is an assumption of power with which the people "ill Lot be satisfied. Give them the Le gbdatUre, and of wliat discordant materials will our government he composed ? The people may elect their Governor, but the other offices connected w ith the ndnroistra tion ofthe State Government will be filled by individuals with strong party prejudices and who will not hesitate to throw any ob stae'e in the way of the discharge of his duties. They will have the election of Judges Solicitors, and Senators in the Co ngress of the United States. Why should all this be yielded up to the Union D( nio cratic Party ? Upon what principle of jus tice have they the boldness tn mal e such a demand ? Let the advocates of the pro posed amendment of the Constitution an swer. In titling so, should they convitro us that the evils row rcmplaintd of are worse than (hose we anticipate, and that the inequality of the propcst and r y *t< m is t ot greater than the present, we will go for rat* ification—otherwise we will oppose ir. Georgia Journal. The tolls on the Erie and Champlain Canals of New York, eluting the first 7 days of May, amounted to upwards of 872,000.