Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

190 fflWisceUcmcoutr Select-tone, SUCKED IK.” There is a shrewd ami wealthy old landlord away down in M:.ine, who is noted for driving his ‘ sharp bargains, ’ by which he amassed a large amount of property. He is the owner of u large number of dwelling houses, and it is said of him that lie is not over scrupulous of his rental charges, whenever he ean find a customer whom lie knows to be rtwpoim bh. His object is to lease his house for a term of years to the best tenants, and get the uttermost far thing in the shape of rent. A diminutive Frenchman called on him last w in ter, to hire a dwelling lie owned in Portland, and which had long remained empty. References were given, nnd the landlord, ascertaining that the tenant was a man ‘after his own heart,’ immediately com menced to ‘jaw’ him. He found that the tenement appeared to suit the Frenchman, and he placed an exorbitant price upon it; the leases were drawn and duly executed, and the tenant removed into his new quarters. Upon kindling fires in tin* house, it was found that the chimneys wouldn’t draw, and the building was filled with smoke. The window sashes rattled at night, and the cold air rushed in through a hundred crevices about the house, until now unnoticed. Ihe snow melted upon the roof, and the attics drenched with leakage. The rain pelted, and our Frenchman found a ‘natural’ bath room upon the second floor— but the lease was signed, and the landlord chuckled. “I hav been vat you called ‘sucked in’ vis z>s darn maiton,” muttered our victim to himself, a week af terwards, “bnt n'imyortt , ve sal see vat ve sal see. ” Next morning he arose blight and early, and while pa sing down, he encountered the landlord. “Ah ho! fionjovr, monsieur,” said he, >n bishap piest manner. “Hood day, sir. How do you like your house?” “Ah! monsieur—elegant, heauti.nl, magnificent. Id It him monsieur, 1 have but zc one regret !” “Ah! what’s that ?” “Monsieur, I sail live in zat house hut tree little year.” “How so?” “I find by vat you call ze lease, zat you have give me ze house foi but tree year, and 1 very much sor ry for zat.” “But of course you can have it longer if you wish.” “Ah, monsieur, sail he very mooch glad iff have za . house so long as 1 please—eh monsieur?” “Oh, certainly sir.” “Tree lien, monsieur! 1 sail valk right to your offices, and you sail give me vat you •••ill ze lease for zat maison, just as long as I sail vnnt ze house. Eh monsieur?” “Certainly, sir. You can stay there your lifetime, if you like.” “Ah, Monsieur—l have very much tank you for’ 7,e accommodation.” The old lease was destroyed and anew one was \ delivered in form to the Frenchman, giving him pos session of llie premises for “suc h a period as the leassec shall desire the same, he paying the rent promptly,” Ac. The next morning our crafty landlord was passing the house just us the Frenchman's last load of furni ture was being started from the door; an hour aflci wards, a messenger called on him with a legal tender, for the rent of eight days, accompanied with a iiol< as follows: “Monsieur—l have bin smoke— 1 have bin droun ed 1 have bin freeze to death in ze house vat 1 have hire of you for ze pi riod as I mav desire. I have stay in ze dam house jes so long as. I please, and ze hearer of zis will give you ze key ! /G rir, mon sieur.’ It is needless to add that our landlord has never since been known to give up “a bird in the hand for two in the bushes.” DO IT TOURSELVEB, BOYS. Po not ask the teacher, oi some classmate to solve that hard problem. Do it yourself. You might as “ell let them eat your dinner, us “do your sums” for you. It is in studying, as in eating; hetlui does it gets the benefit, and not he that sees it done. In al most every school, I would give more for what the teacher learns, than for what the best scholar learns, because the teacher is compelled to solve all the hard problems, and answer the questions of the laty boys. Po not ask him to parse the difficult words or assist yon in the performance of any of your studies. Do it yourself. Never mind, though they look as dark as Kgypt. Don't ask even a hint from any body. Iry again. Every trial increases your ability, and yon w 11 finally succeed by dint of the very wisdom and strength gained in the effort,even though at first the problem was beyond your skill. It is the study and not the answer, that really rewards your pains. ’ . V.,. m j iv ■> til Vl.’ JV'VII I'aill.'t, . Look at that boy who has just succeeded, after six . horns of hard study, perhaps; how his large eye is lit up with proud joy, as he marches to his class. — ‘ lie treads like a conqueror. And well he may. Last night bis lamp burned late, and this morning he “uked at dawn. Once or twice he nearly gave up. lie trod Ids last thought; but anew thought strikes him as he ponder* the last process. He tries once more ,od succeeds; and now mark the air of cons i "U- , j i with which he pronounces hia demon “ poor, weak schoolmate who gave up | ‘ l il ‘ pi ■ dem after bis first faint trial, now looks up to, .to with something ot wonder, as to a superior L ing. Ami he is his uporior That problem lies here, great gulf between those hovs who stood yt Merday .side by sid c . They will never stand to gether as equal agam. Ihe boy that did it for him- Ml! has taken a stride upward, and what is better rt,n ’ *** mrd .strength to take other and greater ouc*. The boy who waited to see others do it, lias OSI f H,lh s,rt '"gth and courage, and is alreadv look 's tor some excuse to give up school and study for ever. Cohn. .SrW Journal. OCCUPATION. • “ KW ’ o ,"* *i* foi tho human heart! ‘■•v mLT ‘r* WW ° m yW * ‘hemselves on s ‘Wciwj or I'ctil sorrpti’ \v *. . Wn, fold* ,u t 7 “” “ k’ n er sits k Oars , V" 1 - feels upon its I ~’,-I,’, ,t ' W ’bat little xing V m is sh ,rt ’ T ANARUS%y ’ f*H. the “or master * >TT °* troubles flow iqonyou dark and heavy, toil not with the wave-, wre tie not with the torrent; rather seek, by occupation, to divert the dark waters that threaten to overwhelm you into a thousand channels which the duties of life always present. Before you dream of it, those waters will fertilize the present, and give birth to fresh flowers that may brighten the future—flowers that will be come pure and holy in the sunshine which penetrates to the path of duty in spite of every obstacle. Grief, after all, is but a selfish feeling, nnd most selfish is the man who yields himself to the indulgence of any passion which brings nojoy to his fellowtnan. Sable*’ ASLEEP, Nothing short of the realizing experience of ‘a child taken” could stir such a depth of feeling as characterizes these beautiful and most pathetic lines, by “D.” entitled “Asleep -"—Home Journal My children are asleep- silent my room, So hushed 1 hear each pulse of my own heart, Replying to each breath of my sweet boy. Stilled are the very children in the street — Passing with softened laughter, while they gaze Wistfully at my curtained window-pane; Then, whispering, seem to say—the children sleep. Within my loving arms my noble hnv Sank playfully to rest; the dimpled hands Patted their baby measures, then grew still, And listlessly dropped ou his snowy breast— The laughing lips, essaying the first words Infancy loves to utter, fainter spoke, Till the ‘‘mamma” was murmured dreamily - And the blue eyes that wonderingly looked In my sad face, were weary, nnd the lids Heavy with their dark fringe, drooped over them. Fondly I kiss his brow, and ns I lay The perfect rounded form upon his couch My soul goes up in thankfulness to Him Who gives that lovely one hix tranquil sleep ; Fervently I pray that He would ever keep “Our darling undefiled, and pure as now.” But then I shudder at that prayer so vain— His spirit, like the snow-flake, if it re st Where earth may taint its purity, must lose Its chasteness, or exhale to Heaven. Alas! Alas! I’ve breathed that prayer in by gone years— And now, in grief too deep for tears, must own My prayer has been fulfilled. My daughter sleeps— The datk hair parted on her thoughtful brow, The eyes that, waking, beamed with jov and love, Half closed, as if the last unbroken sleep Relentingly hid loved ones from her sight. The ever busy fingers, as in life (’las; and round the msc-hnds that she loved so well, Pillov ‘ mid blossoms is death’s night less daik Since wo have strewn with flowers thy narrow bed ? Tho t little feet, whose joy-expressing step Made welcome music in our garden walk l>oe the green sodle.-s coldly on them press For the rose blooming o’er thy resting-place ‘. A\ 1 dreamless is thy sleep—no thought will come Os a lone bed within thy saddened home, Os all the hitter fairs that have bedewed The now tmrufHed pillow, thy dear head So oft has pressed—the holy cherished spot Where thy sweet form so often bent in prayer That thrilled our hearts with its deep earnestness. “She is not dead, but slecpetli”—ah! while TANARUS, In sorrow’s darkle ss, watchful vigils keep, t’ould hut one ray of heavenly light illume My saddened life, then with a chastened tread I’ll walk earth's pilgrimage until the hour When He “whogiveth his beloved sleep” Shall close my weary eyes, to wake, Welcomed at Heaven’s gate by thy seraphic hand, My angel daughter. THE MOURNER. “Pear Mamma, 1 am very lonely now,” said a silkv haired girl of some five summers, as she sat reclining on her parent’s lap one pleasant afternoon, it’s very lonely now, since little sister has gone away; and she has been gone so long. Shall not I see her again soon ?” “No, not in thin world, my child. Sister has gone to live with the angels. She has now another home than ours. God will now care for and protect her from all evil, if you are good, he will some duv take you to live with Him, and be with sister.” “But, mother, this home is very pleasant and be fore sister went away, i was very happy. I love to run alsuit and play hi the pleasant sunshine, and to pluck the pretty flowers t at grow in t ie meadows among the tall grass. And it is so pleasant to walk along the edge of the little brook, and to look at the tiny fishes with their silveiy tins. And when the heather grows a little larger, I shall so delight to gather the pretty violets that you so much admire. Don’t you remember that papa used to sav they look ed just like mol'” 1 he mother compressed her lips, and wiped awav 1 from her eye the falling tear. Too much like the vi olet diil it seem that her child w as—and she thought that ere they should again blossom, her child would have been claimed by them who gave its birth. ‘ But my child,’ she said, in answer to the little one’s en-’ | quiries, ‘there is n better and a fairer world, where there is never any winter— where the bright tloweis never fade, nor ever droop nnd die ; where clouds never obscure the sky, ami where friends meet that will never lie parted from u more 1’ “And may Igo to that happy place and will you go with me too. dear mamma “Yes, my child,” said the mother. \\, wilt go there when God shall he pleased to call u- horm—and when there we shall dwell in His sight forever. A sow months passed away, and the sweet child was laid in -.he ground, and the mother planted o’er her grave the modest blue violet, fit token of herow n too early blighted hopes. That mother was now alone? The hnshaud of her heart had been called away- next her eldest child, and lastly her idolized and only one. But, did she pine away ,n despair: 1 Ah, me’ 1 hat mother had found peace with Gou and had Warned to believe that “He doeth all things the holy hours of solitude she enjoyed the I “'T T*’ Ith”1 th ” H ° ,V SpiHt ’ '* exalted II * arth ’ *” f'Cstow. —Sj Irii of the Ay,. THE TEMPERANCE BANNER. £j}c Ccmpentnce fanner. PENFIELD, GEORGIA. Saturday Morning, December 1, 1855. AGENCY RECALLED. We would give particular notice, that Augustus Heard, better known as the Rat Killer General, who was appointed by us an Agent for our Paper, is no longer authorized to receive subscriptions. Those who pay subscriptions to him for our Paper, do it at their own risk. ELECTIONS DY THE PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE. Mr. Wise, of Fort Valley’, has been elected by the Prudential Committee to fill the vacancy, temporari ly, in the Professorship of Languages in our Univer sity, Col. R. M. Johnson, of Hancock, the Professor elect, declining the honor. Mr. G. J. H. Prior, of Morgan, was elected Princi pal of the Academy. This gentleman has had twelve years experience in the business of teaching, and brings with him the full confidence of all his former patrons. With Mr. P. as head, we sincerely trust our Academical School, maintaining the reputation it has long enjoyed under the able and efficient ad ministration of the retiring Incumbent, will continue to grow in interest and importance. Rev. T. 1). Mar tin lias had charge of the Preparatory Department for many years, nnd has filled the situation with ability, and leaving, carries the good will of all his neighbors arid patrons. B. 11. OVERBY. We see it stated in some of our ooteuiporaries that the above named gentleman, and the Rev. Dr. Jesse Boring, of Atlanta, are to take charge of the Editori al department of the “Southern Times,” a staunch temperance sheet, published at Montgomery, Ala.—- We are bitterly opposed to Mr. Overby’s leaving Georgia to labor in the great work of Reform, for we have great need of his ability in our own “rum-be nighted” State. But should he leave, we invoke High Heaven to bless his labors. His noble exer tions will prove a lasting benefit to the people of Geor gia, and the seed which he has sown will spring up in richness to glorify ami honor his memory’. LEGISLATURE. We have just space sufficient to make a passing notice of this body. We are happy to learn that both Houses possess considerable talent, and that they are putting up business in the proper manner. We see it stated in some of our Exchanges that there never has been at any previous Session, as many valuable Bills presented during the first three weeks. It is thought the present session will be equally as long as env preceding one ; there is a vast amount of important business before both Houses, which shoo'd receive careful consideration before final dis posal. It is a source of much regret to us that our sheet is so small that we are unable to lay before our read ers the proceedings entire of our Legislature. It is impossible to make an interesting extract, since we can’t toll which bills created the most excitement.— We will have more room another y r ear. AUCTION. W. A. Colclough & (’>., of our Town, are selling off their stock of Goods at public auction, holding sale hours on every Friday and Saturday, and we learn that it is their intention to continue the opera tion until they have sold out. We have not been present at one of their sales as y’et, but would guess one might get good bargains by attending them. MONROE FEMALE UNIVERSITY. We have received a Catalogue of this nourishing i Institution. Wo learn that Mr. R. T. Asbury, who has been teaching the present year in our Town, has been elected to a professorship in this Institution.— This was an excellent selection, and we predict much prosperity for this Institution, under the management of Prof. Asbury and the able and accomplished Presi dent, Rev. W. C. Wilkes. We invite particular at tention to the advertisement in this paper. GEORGIA FEMALE COLLEGE, i, We have received a Catalogue of this well-known j College, and are pleased to notice its increasing pros- i perity. They have changed the time of holding Com mencement from July to October —a good idea, we think. We arc gratified to see several names in the Normal School, which excellent feature is peculiar to this College. The number of pupils is 184. DRUB STORE. We would call the attention of our readers to the Advertisement of Dr. Wm. S. Meiere, Madison, Ga., in this paper. We have had the pleasure of visiting his Establishment recently, and examining his stock of Drugs and Fancy Articles. He has just replen ished his Store with anew stock entire, and it will . now compare with any similar establishment in the Southern country. He has several articles of bis own manufacture, in which there is no counterfeit, and will answer the purposes for which they were designed, such as Hair Restorative, Carminative Elix-! lit, l'ooth Paste, Ac. Read his Advertisement YEAR BOOK OF AGRICULTURE. We have been favored with a copy of the Annual I f AtfHmUut'ul Prog re** and Dieeoreryfor 1855-fi. ! The object of this book is to aid the development and record the progress of Agriculture in all its de- 1 pertinents. Every important discovery and improve ment in Agricultural Mechanics, Agricultural Che mistry, Agricultural and Horticultural Botany, Agri cult mat and Economic Geology, Agricultural Zoolo gy, Meteorology, Ac., is here fully and particularly .recorded. It contains, id so, the Statistics of Ameri can growth and production; a catalogue of fruits’ adapted to the different sections of the United States, with a revi, w by the editor of the progress of Ame rie-in :ii'd foreign Agriculture for the year is i Hum rat and with numerous engravings. We give ’ it a hearty recommendation to the Farmers through -1 out our country, as a neatly bound volume, contain ing all the information desirable connected with the science of Agriculture. For copies, address David A. Wells, 124 Areh-st., Philadelphia. SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. We have received the last number of the 13th vol ume of this able agricultural monthly. Several new and important features will be introduced in the next volume. Every firmer should take it. Published by W. S. Jones, Augusta, Go., at #2 per annum. PUFF. Wc return our heartfelt thanks to our esteemed friend who gave us such a “soul elevating,” and “self-inflating” “puff,” and assure him that it is duly appreciated, and that we feel much better since re ceiving it. but he piles up good thing upon good thing to such “Alpine height” that we are afraid to pub lish it, as requested, lest sotneof our “jealous” friends should doubt its “genuineness,” and accuse us of manufacturing it ourself. A BEAUTIFUL HAND. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever,” says the sweetest of Poets, and the experience of every sensi tive mind confirms the truth of the sentiment. But few minds are so poor and destitute as to have no treasury of unfailing joys, arising from delightful as sociations, connected with someone of the ever-vary ing forms of remembered beauty. A familiar air of tiie dim past, an almost forgotten tune, the glance of an eye, a pressure of tile hand, a hue, a tint, the slightest cause may he the divining rod that indicates hidden fountains of joy, which gladden the heart with the music of their waves. So lingers in our memory the remembrance of a beautiful hand. Like that which, in ancient times, wrote the fearful destiny of the trembling King, there are bands which arc ever tracing strange characters, and writing beautiful things on “memory’s pictured wall.” We have seen them, with their gracefully tapering fingers, dimpling in eddies of beauty at every joint, w ake the very soul of music in the life less instrument, and make it utter passion and feel ing like a “thing of life.” So may they play upon the lyre of the human heart, attuning it to deeds of noble daring, stilling with a gentle touch, the trem bling strings of rage and discord, or sweeping skill fully its wondrous chords, wake the softest, sweetest tones of earth. Wc have seen them twining the fragrant posy of dewy roses, carefully weeding the blooming parterre, training the tender tendrils of the trellised vine, wa tering the drooping plant, weaving with silken thread some kind wish or gentle word among the beautiful devices of embroidery, and in every situation, we could but admire their graceful cunning and witching beauty. But beautiful as they were, how much more beautiful, when employed in charming from the brow of suffering humanity the dull pain of agony, in mois tening the parched lip, in soothing the fever-heated temples, in plucking from the hitman heart the weeds of vice and planting there the seeds of virtue, in training beautiful feelings to clasp their tendrils around the soul’s inner shrines, in unraveling the knots of care in “life’s tangled yarn,” in pouring the balm of consolation upon the bruised spirit, and in scattering along life’s rugged pathway, with a free and bounteous benevolence, the flowers of kindness and charity, to gladden with their beauty and fra grance tho heart of the dust-covered wayfarer. The eye that drops the tear of sympathy for the suffering is beautiful, and also the lip tremulous with emotion, but the hand that gives, however symmetri cal it may be, grows radiant with tho superadded glory of a tenfold beauty. Kind words and gentle smiles, distil a joy upon the soul soft and sweet as the dews of heaven, but when in Friendship we grasp a fair hand, throbbing with the bounding pulse of affection, and warm with the heat that radiates from the heart’s hearth-stone, wc know there is no decep tion, and feel that it is beautiful. Clasped hands are the expressive symbols of friendship and fidelity; and there is a sight too sacred for “vulgar eyes to see,” when Beauty, and Truth, and holy Trust sit brooding upon the arch of beautiful hands clasped in prayer, and Mercy comes down from above. THE SONG OF HIAWATHA. We take the following concluding lines of a poeti cal notice of Longfellow's new poem, from that ex cellent paper, the Philadelphia Saturday Bulletin. — It hits off finely, the intioduction of hard Indian names in the poem, and the use of iteration, which has never been so successfully used by any poet, as it was by the gifted and lamented Poe. The poeti cal critic says of the Poem : It is full of Indian legends, Indian legends mytliologic, Legends inythologic tolling Mytliologic Indian fables, Indian fables full of marvels. It is full of Indian jargon, Mcshinauwa, Miujekahwa, Gitche-Gumee, Mudway-Aushka, tJkahahwis, Mahnabezee, Pahpukkeena, Shangodaya, Dushkwoueshe, Kokokoho, Minnclmha, Wahwahtaysee. <if the Winds and their flirtations, The r affairs of heart and nuptials, Tails this song of Hiawatha; Toils of miracles, of fasting, Os strange vigils in the wigwam; Tells of phantoms cold and ghostly, Tells of hunting and of battles. But ’tis very tedious reading, Tho’ ’tis very easy writing; For this plain trochaic jingle Never asks the toil of rhyming, Never asks for rhyme or reason. So this poem of Longfellow, The Professor, Mishc-Wawa, Writ in trochees, Groco-j ingle, Will distr ss the critics sadly, And they'll all say the Professor, Mishe-Wawa, great Longfellow, Must write something plainer, sweeter, Or this mighty, great Longfellow, Will pronounced be something shorter. -*••*- SENSIBLE. Some wide-awake chap, who has tried it, insists that courting in the country is altogether a different ’ institution from the city .article. In the former place, he says, you get ioy lips, sweet cider, johnny cakes, and <rirh made by nature ; and in the latter, a col lection of starch phrases, formal manners, tine silk, great jewelry, and girls got up tec undent artem. — He advises his friends to go to the rural districts when they want to supply themselves with a good style of calico. “THE DARK BEVERAGE OF HELL.” The Rev. Dr. Tyng, referring to this epithet of the poet, applied to rum, is said to have spoken as fol lows: —“Did Heaven ever mix such a cup for man? Amid nil the dews that descend frow Heaven's snows upon Zion’s happy top, does one drop of alcohol come down? Amid nil the floods that pour from Alpine heights, that fertilize and beautify Europe’s vales, does one single drop of alcohol come down? Amid all the rippling fountains that cause the hloom of i many a glen and sylvan hank in all our western u fids j and woods, does one single drop of alcohol ever flow ? 1 Did Heaven ever mix a cup like this for man? Could j earth do it? No! 1 verily believe this child of sor j row has actually touched the actual fnet of its origin —‘the dark beverage of hell,’ and the great being, the agent evil. Men may question his existence ■ while they are pulling the traces of his labor—the great being, the instrument of evil, alone can tell the full purpose of its origin or the full product of its effects.” VANITY OF REGRET. The following lines were written by Omar Rhiam one of the most distinguished Persian poets. He flourished in the year 1200. It is translated by the accomplished Miss Costello: Nothing in this w orld of ours Flows as we would have it flow; What avail, then, careful hours, Thought and trouble, tears and woe? Through the shrouded veil of earth Life’s rich colors beaming bright, Though in truth of little worth, Yet allure with meteor light. Life is torture and suspense : Thought is sorrow—drive tThence! With no will of mine I came, W ith no will depart the same. HOG-OGRAPUY. The Erie Constitution—a very nice paper—has the following “on record.” “Francis Pigg has strayed off from Indianapolis having Mrs. Pigg and the little pigg* to hunt their own feed hereafter. We'l! do our share towards zo ning them.” Since reading the above, (gays the Bulletin,) we are happy to learn that Pigg left a small sty-penned for his interesting family. By the last advices wc are informed that his youngest boy, Barkis, wa* swillin'. Mrs. Pigg, though she always professed to consid er her husband as a great bore , has consented to ac cept this stipend as a m-pension of hostilities, though she is apprehensive that he has another stye in his eye. We can coinfort her with the assurance that he will be cured one of these days as many a rasher one has been. He is at present probably hanging about some of the s%y-shops of the city. SESTTliinking that our young readers may be pleased with something of this kind, wo insert the following Puzzle, which appeared in the Boston Dai ly Transcript, many years ago: A PUZZLE. I once had —on both 1 set great store—and a lent my—and took his word therefor—to my asked my—and nought but words I got —of my lost my —for sue him I would not —and my Money Friend. At last my—which pleased me very well-oame front my I got my—away quite from me fell—but mv If I had—as I had once before—and a I’d keep my—and play the fool no more—and my (SVtfkptcalu [published bv bequest.] For the Banner. TO AIISS H. M., OF GREENESBORO. Say it't that you must tread life’s path alone, That no congenial spirit lingers neat'; For there are, though to you unknown, Those who hold you iti remembrance dear. Well do I known the cares of Earth Have crushed many a loving heart, And though vve mav join iu scenes of mirth, ’Twill not avert “disappointment’s keen dart.” But oft times friends are near, Like guardian angels, to guide and bless, Then give not way to doubt and fear, But wisely say, “ ’tis all for the best.” Then say not that you must journey alone; That and rk shadows cloud the prospects of youth, For v. e are all journeying towards that home Where nought is Lund but lov. and truth. C. Greencsboro, Nov. 19, 1855. For the Banner. INFLUENCE OF COMMERCE UPON CIVILIZATION. So many are tile agencies which are now contrib uting to human advancement and refinement, that it has become a matter of noslight difficulty to separate any particular one from the others with which it is combined, and to give it the weight which is its due. Among the most powerful of these agents commerce has played no unimportant part. We purpose to trace its influence without considering the many oth er agents with which it is combined, and which have done so much towards rendering nations wealthy and powerful, and man cultivated and refined. By com merce, we do not mean the importation and exporta tion of material products alone, but all intercourse carried on between nation and nation, and also be tween people of the same country. The commerce of a nation may be considered for the most part as the “index of its national prosperity.” It can flour ish to an extended degree only among an intelligent and refined people. It is true a nation may attain to a considerable degree of refinement by the advan tages w hieh accrue from an internal commerce, but beyond a certain limit, she cannot advance. The first step towards civilization increases the number and diversity of the wants of mankind, without cre ating, at t e same time, the increased ability requi site to supply those wants; so that it becomes a mat ter not only of convenience, but of absolute necessi ty, that exchange be resorted to, in order to obtain the means for satisfying the multiplied wants of a more refined nature ; each succeeding step is follow ed by a corresponding extension of this operation of exchange, until society has arrived at a high degree December