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SUNDAY, JUNE 22, 1919.
THE COVENANTER LETTERS
THE AUTHORS:— WiIIiam H. Taft, ex-President of the
United States; George W. Wickersham, formerly U. S.
Attorney Generaj; A. Lawrence Lowell, President Har
vard University; Henry W. Taft, of the New York Bar.
THE PURPOSE:— To discuss and make clear the various
articles of the Paris Covenant for a League of Nations,
now awaiting ratification by the United States Senate.
ARTICLE VIII
Reduction of Armaments
By Article VIII the League mem
bers expressly declare that the main
tenance of peace requires the reduc
tion of to low
est point consistent with national
safety and the enforcement by com
mon action of international obliga
tions. Taking account of the geo
graphical situation and circumstances
of each state, the Council is to formu
late plims for such reduction for the
consideration and action of the sev
eral governments. The League mem
bers agree to exchange full informa
tion as to the scale of their arma
ments, their military and naval pro
grams and their warlike industr.es.
After adoption by the several govern- >
ments of the plan of reduction, the
limits of armaments therein fixed are
nor to be exceeded without cae con
currence of the Council. Che plans
are to be reconsidered and rev is< a at
least every ten years. The League
members agree that the manufacture
ny private enterprise of muni .urn; a
and implements of war is open to
grave objections and the council is
to advise how these evils can be pre
vented.
This is the first of the four great
steps toward securing permanent
peace in the League Constitution and
is as important as any. One of the
great factors in bringing on this war
and in making it what it was was
the race in armaments between the
European nations. Prussia under Bis
marcJi perfected its military estab
lishment by winning three wars, first
against Denmark, secondly against
Austria and then against France—
thus the German Empire was made in
1871. From that time on the German
armament has been increased and has
kept pace with the growth of Ger
man desire for world domination. A
thorough and drastic system of con
scription, military training and re
serves, built up the German military
establishment so that it was a perfect
machine and far more formidable
than that of any other government,
Fear of it prompted every continent
al nation not in alliance with Ger
many to enlarge its armament. Ger
many’s allies, Austria and Italy, join
ed in the race at her instance. Thus
these huge war establishments went
on increasing from decade to decade.
After a time Germany acquired naval
ambition, and then < the race began
between her and Great Britain.
Evils of Militarism.
The inevitable result of all of this
with its intent was war and war came
The evils may be easily summarised.
First: Grievous burdens of taxa
tion were imposed upon the peoples
of the competing countries. Their pro
ducing capacity was seriously impair
ed by consuming three years of the
best producing part of the lives of >
their young men.
Second: Consciousness of the pow- |
er of such a military establishment
produced a truculence and bullying ■
tendency on the part of Germany who j
kept ahead in the race. The Kaiser
flaunted to the world the diplomatic
triumphs he achieved oy standing
forth in his “shining armor.’’ His 1
miltary machine and his knowledge ’
of the defects of the Russian and
French machines led him to improve
the occasion of the Austrian Serbian
difficulty to seek war before the de
sects <f his rivals could be supplied.
Tint' the race of armament brought
on this war.
Third: The grown th of these enor
mous armaments under such condi
tions have made this war the most de
structive in history. Peoples and civ
ilizations have been the objects of at- ;
tack, not armies merely. The killing
of noncombatante, old men, women
and children andrthe permanent de
vastation of enemy country have beer
features of the German campaigns
and all because the vast military
preparations and the organizations
of suitable machinery led to this
method of winning lasting victory
and permanent conquest.
This succession of causes with the
result is bound to occur again unless
the great powers of the world lead
all nations to suppress su-h d r.iger
our competition. The end is to be
achieved so far as Germany, Austria
and Turkey are concerned by compul
sory terms of peace. The drastic pro
visions of the treaty just presented
to the Germans for their signature
leave no doubt on this point.
International Restraint
But how is to the other nations?
How can they be restrained? Ko
other method has been or can be
suggested but by an agreement such
as is embodied in the League. Why
should the United States not enter
the agreement? It is objected that
to a foreign body in which it has
only one representative the limiting
of its power to defend itself from
foreign aggression and possible de
struction. It is said that it leaves us
“naked to our enemies."
The answer to the objections is full
and complete. First, the Council in
formulating the plan and f.xinghmits
ER TAKES UP
TODAY’S LETT
must act unanimously. Therefore, the
plan cannot be adopted by the Coun
cil without the consent of the Amer
ican representative in that body. This
is a guaranty that the limits to be
fixed would not be unfair or unrea
sonable to far as we are concerned.
Secondly, after the plan has been
formulated and the limts fixed, each
government must accept it before it
is adopted. Therefore the govern
ment of the United States through its
constitutional agencies, the treaty
making power and in this case the
congress as well, will consent and fix
the limits of the armament if they
may deem it wise. Surely this protects
us against the arbitrary or unfair
fixing of .a limit by any body but
ourselves. Are we children who can
not protect our own interests in mak
| ing such an agreement?
| My Style Diary |
BY DOROTHY CLARK.
l \
\ \l / J 1
JUNE 21.
JACK has gone to play golf to
day with Morris, ;:o Dolly and
Betty and I are taking r. ther
mos lunch with us in the car and
just going somewhere, we don’t
know where but are jt'st going
to follow any road we like. We
will start in a few minute;., as
Dolly said she’d be ready by 10
o’clock. Betty is putting on her
hat, a very becoming affair of
heavy blue silk (navy bile) with
a crown of leather. The tuined
up edge of the brim is bound in
leather and tied at the corners.
It matches her leather coat and
dark blue silk sports skirt.
NOTICE
Notice is hereby given that an act
of which the following is the caption
will be introduced into the nexr ses
ion of the General Assembly of Geor
gia, at the request of the Mayor and
City Council of Americus Georgia:
AN ACT ENTITLED
An Act to Amend the City Charter of
the City of Americus so as to author
; ize the Mayor and City Council of
i Americus to levy an advaiorera tax
for the year 1919 to 1923 inclusive
of one-half of one per centum in ad
l dition to the tax already authorized
and to provide that the amount raised
by said levy be kept separate and
distinct from the other funds of the
city, and to be applied only to the
payment of present outstanding
floating indebtednes c.f the City
lof Americus and to supplement
the public senool fund of me
board of public e lunation for
the City of Americus to pay
ri nnig expenses m t to exceed
two mills of such one half per centum
to authorize the Mayor and City
Council of Americus to execute notes
and sell the same in anticipation of
this tax levy, and for other purpos
es. This the sixth day of June, 1919.
MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF
AMERICUS,
By E. J. ELDRIDGE, Clerk and
Treasurer. ______
I' 1 ’
w®
J i ™
There are many June events that
suggest pictures, but none more
important than the June wedding.
Only a picture can adequately de
scribe the dainty finery of bride,
bridesmaids or flower girls, and
like the memory of the occasion,
the pictures grow more precious
year by year.
Make the appointment to-day.
THE M’KINSTRY STUDIO
114 Jackson St.
‘'i ? > -
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AMERICUS TIMES-RECORDER