Newspaper Page Text
WEATHER FORECAST:
For Georgia—Fair tonight and
Thursday; cooler in northwest por
tion Thursday.
FORTY-THIRD YEAR —NO. 229
OPTIMISM FOR NO
MINISTER SAYS
PRIES THU HIM, :
THEN HE FIRED
Took Him To Task For Marry
ing His Daughter To
Gussman
DRAMATIC CLOSE TO
WEDNESDAY’S HEARING
Bridegroom Stands Silently In
View of Jury While Father-
In-Law Is On Stand
BIRMINGHAM, Oct. 20.—Testi
mony probably will be completed in
the trial of Rev. Edwin Stephenson,
on the charge of murdering Father i
James Coyle, late today, according to j
forecasts of counsel on both sides, i
Yesterday’s session was brought toI
a dramatic close by the appearance
< f Piedro Gussman, whose marriage I
to Stephenson’s daughter, Ruth, I
caused the killing, before the jury I
before Stephenson had concluded his !
testimony on the stand. Gussman |
stood before the jury a few moments, I
then left without saying a word. His |
wife, Stephenson’s daughter, testi-j
fkd hr was a native Porto Rican.
S’ophenson testified he told the •
ptiest “You’ve treated me as dirty as |
a dog’’ by marrying his daughter to j
Gussman., that the priest struck him I
and then he fired.
When recalled to tile stand today, |
Stephenson testified he did not fire
at the priest as he fell, but all three
shots were fired while Father Coyle
stood. He said the priest broke one
cf the witness’ suspenders in t/.c as
i sault on him and he repeated an un-
X printable name the priest applied to i
him.
Shifting question, Solicitor Mor-1
’■ow asked, “Is Piedro Gussman a ne-1
grot”
The defendant shot back, “I look
ed upon him as such.”
A short recess was taken at the i
< i aclusion.
The defense rested its case after ;
the hearing of 38 witnesses shortly j
before noon.
COMMUNITY DIRECTOR
ON JOB IN CORDELE
CORDELE, Oct. 20—Miss Flor
ence Dow, who will be director of!
Community Service in Cordele this I
• winter, arrived here Tuesday after- j
noon with her mother from Bellfon-!
taine, Ohio. She will take up the!
work at once.
Miss Dow is a college-trained wo- |
man in the special work she will do j
here and served Community War j
Work throughout the period of the;
war. Various brances of the work j
await her coming. This community
got much out of Community Service
last winter and the people expect;
greater benefits this time.
ONLY ONE CHANGE IN
MOULTRIE OFFICIALS
MOULTRIE, Oct. 20.—1 n naming
a chief of police, city clerk, chief of >
fire department, superintendent of ,
the power plant, city attorney and re-!
cordcr, the new city council which i
took office here Wednesday made on-;
ly one change. This was in the of-1
lice of city clerk which has been held
by J. H'. Scarboro for about twenty !
years. G. A. Shaver will succeed Mr. :
Scarboro. The police force for the'
coming year also remains unchanged ;
with one exception, Sanitary Officer
Berry Lanier being ' succeeded by
Kilby Murphy.
K. OF P. AT MOULTRIE.
MOULTRIE, Oct. 20.—Nearly all
of the lodges of Knights of Pythias :
in the Second congressional district
were represented at the semi-annual
district convention held in Moultrie!
today. The visitors were formally
welcomed to Moultrie by Mayor W. A
Lovington, who is also /in active
, member of the order. '
MARKETS
LIVERPOOL COTTON
LIVERPOOL, Oct. 20. Market
opened rm, 25-3 4up. Quotations, i
fullys, 12.73. Sales 8,000 bales.
Futures: Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. I
Prcv. Close 1 1.66 11.55 11.40 1 1.24
Open 12.01 11.91 11.60 |
Close . 12.12 12.02 11.87 11.731
NEW YORK FUTURES
Dec. Jan. Meh. May 1 j
Prev. Close 18.37 18.08 17.89 17.50
Open 18.55 18.35 18.20 17.87!
10:15 am .18.55. 18.25 18.10 17.70 ;
10:30 18.66 18.40 18.10 17.79;
10:45 . 18.73 18.42 18.25 17.83 :
I 1 :00 18.68 18-40 18.23 17.81 •
I 1 :15 .18.67 18.38 18.21 17.80 ;
II :30 . 18.73 18.46 18.27 17.85
11 :45- .18.62 18.34 18.16 17.73
2:00 18.62 18.35 18.17 17.77 j
12:15 pm 18.67 18.39 18.22 17.79;
12:30 18.60 18.33 18.10 17.72 j
12:45 .18.65 18.36 18.14 17.70,
1:00 18.58 18.29 18.08 1
i ENGINEERS OWN SUCCESSFUL BANK p
p— i.. g |
I i
It i - ip I IO = Ira
Uli t 1/Lj 4xl U I Illi
1 «
CLEVELAND, Oct. 20.—Most <jf ;
the 8!’,000 members of the Brother- 1
hood of Locomotive Enginers have
healthy savings account;; in the broth
erhood’s own co-operative' national
i bank that was organized here in No
i vember, 1920.
I The primary purpose of the bank
I was to care for the funds of the or
ganization and to handle the money'
■ of widows and orphans of dead broth- I
j erhood members.
! Original deposits were $651,000.1
; Today the institution has drawn in
! deposits, from coast t;> coast, mo-e
1 than $10,000,000 and is gaining at
I the rate of $1,000,000 a month.
j The president of the Bank is War- i
I rer S. Stone, who also is chief of the !
I brotherhood and who once vat; a loco- j
j motive on a single track division cf i
the Pock Island.
‘'We’ll pay at least six per cert j
dividend on stock in the first year of
our existence,” says Stone. He’s'
now creating savings clubs among j
the 875 lodges of the brotherhood.
Our main object is to inculcate >
thrift among the men,” he says. i
’“When they accumulate savings,!
I we’ll recommend good investments. j
“Our brotherhood pays out $3,000,-
I 000 a year to widows and orphans of
I deceased members. In thejjasl 75 !
; per cent of this money disappeared
I in a year, for the inexperienced folk ;
I got into the hands of the sharpers.
I Now our trust department takes care
I of the funs for these people.”
Stone is a firm believer in the fu- ,
i ture of the co-operative movement ;
ADMIRAL BENSON
IS GIVEN SWORD
Presentation Made By Mrs.
I Frank Harrold For U. D. C.
At Waycross
| WAYCROSS, Oct. 20.—Rear Ad-'
j miral William S. Benson, retired, to-;
i 'lay was presented with a jewelled
is word by the United Daughters of:
. the Confederacy of Georgia at the;
I annual convention here. The cere- '
i monies were preceded by a parade
in which more than two thousand
school children were in line. Swor. ■
: presentation was made by the st.
I presentation was made by the statsl
| president of the U. D. C., Mrs. Frank ’
I Harrold, of Americus.
HARDING’S VISIT TO BE
BRIEF AT COLUMBUS
’ COLUMBUS, Oct. 20. —President
Harding, Secretary Weeks and party
will reach Columbus on the morning ■
of October 27—next Thursday—and ;
! probably leave before the noon hour j
; for Atlanta, spending only a few
I hours at Benning and in Columbus, |
j according to latest information reach- j
; ing the city.
The following telegram has been
! received from Congressman Wright: ;
“‘I have positive assurance from
office of the secretary of war that
the president and Secretary Weeks
. will visit Camp Benning on morning !
jof October 27th and details will
: probably be arranged tomorrow.”
BOOSTERS FOR NATIONAL
HIGHWAY WILL MEET
TIFTON, Oct 20.—Secretary Al-|
| gee of the National Highway associa-I
tion, is sending out invitations to all '
j towns along the route from Macop i
(south to attend the joint conference
; of Florida and Georgia good roads i
■ boosters to be held at White Springs, .
October 26.
. .
EIGHT BIG PECANS
IN SINGLE CLUSTER FOUND
I TIFTON, Oct. 20. —1. A. Fulwood j
; brings in a cluster of pecans of the j
! Nelson variety, the cluster containing;
eight large nuts, on a twig less than
I three inches long. It is not unusual
■to find six pecans in a cluster, but,
i eight is something out of the ordi
: nary. The nuts are large, nearly .
i two inches in length. i
THE TIMESXRECORDER
foftU PUBLISHED IN THE HEjART OF DlX<E~~ff^ g ?
I
I
- IF !
•
The mam counter in the B. of
L. E. Bank, that once was used as ,
a bar, and Warren S. Stone, presi- >
i dent of the institution.
■ ;
I and in the power cf labor.
“If labor would only conserve its I
1 resources and put it in the banks, it I
I would be able to dictate the financial |
' policy of the country in 10 years,” i
! he says.
“Labor’s income is $25,000,000,-;
000 a year. The whole problem is !
; one of education in co-operation, a I
! problem that we have tackled in real !
! earnest.”
! The brotherhood bank is now Ibcat- i
■ cd in an unpretentious building, for-!
i merly occupied by a saloon. The ‘
! main banking counter once served as ;
' a bar.
; But the brotherhood owns niffi- j
cient land adjoining to accommodate I
a 21-story bank building, for which!
plans already have been drawn, and j
, which is to be built within two !
! years.
ANDREW JACKSON
DIES SUDDENLY
Aged Man Who Was Pivot Wit
ness In Chapman Trials, Drops
Dead In Gammage Garage I
Funeral services for Andrew W,
! Jackson, who died suddenly Wednes- ;
I day afternoon at 5 o’clock, were held ■
i this afternoon at 3 o’clock in Friend- ,
' ship church, of which he was a mem- j
j her. Rev. Charles Carter, of Ella- !
ville, officiated at the funeral, and
I interment followed in th cemetery ,
of Friendship church. The pallbear
: ers were selected from among his t
' friends in Friendship community, and
i a number of relatives and friends at
’ tended the service. He is survived
by one sister, Mrs. Agnes Cato, es j
i Geneva, and a brother, James Jack- !
son, of Doerun, A number of nieces
and nephews also survive him.
Mr. Jackson, who was 72 years of
age, was a pivotal witness in the .
! trials of Dr. C. K. Chapman and
i Warren I. Johnson, for the murder ■
■ of Walter Wade, when he swore he :
j saw and spoke to Dr. Chapman in the
*’bottom” where he was then cm- '
i ployed as a night watchman for a !
j lumber company. His testimony cqr-1
orborated a vital part of the story of j
' Mrs. Yerty Howell, star witness for I
; the prosecution in the two trials.
He had been in declining health !
for more than a year past, and re- I
! cently asked advice of physicians re-I
; guiding the action of his heart winch j
was considerably weakened. He was !
I then advised to use extreme caution j
not to over-exert himself.
Wednesday afternoon be left the i
• store of M. N. Edwards, on Cotton '
i avenue, apparently in good health, j
| and walked across the street into the ,
j garage operated by Brooks Gam
mage. Upon gainingxthe inside of the
i building he fell to the floor. Dr. J.
F. McMath, who wa on the opposite
! side of the street, wa« immediately
■ summo md, Jackson being dead be*
i fore I,:; arrival. He said death was
; due to h--:u t failure.
Mr. Jackson, who was never mar
ried, had lived many years in
I Americus and Sumter county, having
I been a farm'.: for a numbei of years
i and later night watchman for an
! Americus manufacturing plant.
The equatorial seas, where calms,
I and squalls alternate, are known.
among sailors as the doldrums.
In the French vineyard districts, ’
I farmers use hailguns to disperse!
i hailstorms.
AMERICUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, OC TOBER 20, 1921
RAILWAY STRIKE GROWS
TREAT CONVICTS
HUMANELY, PLEA
OFPATTERSON
State Prison Commissioner
Speaks To County Boards
Assembled Here
PUBLIC DEMANDS AND
EXPECTS IT, HE SAYS
State Highway Engineer Also
Speaks—Visitors Enjoy ’Cue
At Noon
A strong plea to the county com-;
mi-••‘oners of Georgia to make it
the .r wWotTgftbmine ■■■> t:> see that 'lf
■■;ulenj of 't> chain gangs treat the
!. o. .ittis humanely was made before
coun'y - imnmis mners of the
. lT.it 1 djihgrtasional drtrii at the
jco f hmjse’Aalay b,' fudge ;'. L.
t i'son, "lithe state pr's'in com
; i.ri. He said it was evpccled
j'iiat :h<‘ "onviets shmilo work, anil
I th.u woik would not hurt the a, if
ii u'\ were well treMel, but he said
the public ■ dotnamled and expected
' thattn-.t they should be treated as
- human beings, and that it was the
i I'l.licy el the prison commission to
; have them so treated that they would
i be better men when they had finish
ed their terms.
Judge Patterson was the first
; teaker of importance at the second
I quarterly meeting of the commis
i sicners of this distric'.. State High-
I way Eenginccr Warren Neel also
i spoke at the forenoon session. At
j neon the visitors were guests of the
I Suinter county hoard and lie Third
|D strict Agricultural school at a l,ar-
I beetle at the Aggies campus.
i 3’lic meeting was attended by
- ahi lit 50 commissioners, practically
I al) of the Hl counties in the district
icing ; epi'f ;:on d. Judge J. A. Laing,
I of Terrell county, was in the chair,
land Uommis; ioner Gurr, of Dooly,
i secretary. W. T. Lane, of Americus,
delivered the address of welcome, al-
- though not a county official, and he
I was responded to on behalf of the
1 visitors by Lucius Woodward, of
'Doily eoun*y.
AND’
COUNTY AFTER PRIZE
VALDOSTA, Oct. 20. Brooks
county, the original “ham and bacon”
county of Georgia, is coming to the i
Georgia-Florida fair in Valdosta this;
year with what County Agent M. F. ;
Gaddis says will be a great agrieul- I
tural exhibit. The Brooks county j
contingent are coming after the first
prize, but a number of other South
Georgia counties declare they are dis- ■
puting the ownership of the coveted
, premium. 1 The contest for county
I exhibits is getting very interesting
and indicates that this feature of the
fair will be its outstanding feature
for 1921.
VALDOSTA PREPARES TO
ENTERTAIN HARDWICK
VALDOSTA, Oct. 20.—This city
|is making unusual preparations for
- entertainment of Governor and I
Mrs. T. W. Hardwick upon the occas
ion of their visit on November 4 to
attend the Georgia-Florida fair. Gov
ernor Hardwick will make an address
on a subject of his own selection,
which it is understood will be con
structive and not political. Mrs.
Hardwick will be shown many social 1
attentions by the ladies of Valdosta'
while she is in the city.
THOUGHT BOLL WEEVILS
WERE EATING HIS PEAS
VALDOSTA, Oct. 20.—F. Burnett,
of Waverly, Fla., believes the Georgia
boll weevil is eating up his pea crop I
this year. He has sent specimens;
here for identification, saying lie I
bought his pea seed in Georgia this '
year and two or three stalks of cot- ,
ton came up in the field. He found ,
the weevils on the cotton and peas;
and feared the weevil was attacking
the pea crop. The weevil, according
to Valdosta experts, is not the boll
weevil.
MANY MORE HOGS IN
S. GEORGIA THIS FALL
MOULTRIE, Oct. 20——Receipts
at the Union Stockyards in Moultrie
indicate that South Georgia has pro
duced a large crop this year. Several
cars are eoniing in every day or so
now and it is expected that within
I a few days the plant will resume op
i eration on a large scale. live stock
i buyers in Moultrie declare that in-
I formation gathered by them shows
i that at least 40 per cent more hogs
I have been grown 1 in- this territory
I than were sold in the fall of 1920 and
j the spring of 1921.
■
HERE'S THE RAILROAD STRIKE CAPITOLA
I I *—
.»Ii! itJ'i
bSES:
Sf*
uni ;
nn 18 Illi Xr** 1
OL'i'
Here ’s the 14-st'ory Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers’ Building
in Cleveland, which will house the headquarters of all the railroad brother
';.iood.> and be the ‘‘national capitol” of the reailroad strike- Inset are the
'!chiefs cf four of the brotherhoods leading the strike: Top, left to right. W.
3. Stone, of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; W. G. Lee. of the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. Below, left to right, W. S. ( alter, of
the Brotherhood of Raliroad Trainmen. Below, left to right, W. S. Carter,
of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen anad Enginemcn, and L. E.
, Sheppard, of the of Rail waj GonduCti
'5600,000,000 YEAR -STAKE’
: IN RAIL WAGE STRUGGLE
Reductions Made By Railroad
Executives Exceed Half Bil
lion Yearly
BY HARRY HUNT.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 20. Six
hundred million dollars in annual
wag?: is 'he stake for •■ |, ieh railway
I workers have declared. ' .* strike Oct.
j 30, for the reestablishment of wage
! schedules in effect during the last
| half of 1920 and the first six months
'of 1921.
; More than $300,000,000, or over
■ half this sum, already has been or
dered stricken from the rail workers’
! payroll. This wa: by the decision of
■ the Railway Labor Board, efefetive
I July 1, 1921, cutting wage schedules
lof railworkbrs an average of about
! 12 per cent.
| The remainder, aggregating about
, $250,000,000, is the further reduc-
I tion the railway executives have an-
I nounced their intent io nos asking,
I even in the face of the strike vote.
In simple terms, the strikers are
i demanding the maintenance of
; wage schedules established by' the
. Rail Board in 1920, while the rail-,
I load executives are seeking the re-
I turn of rail pay to the basis estab
: lished by the United States Railroad
i administration.
There are exists a general feeling
i that the strike call is rather for the
jpurpose of frustrating the executives',
i plans for a further reduction than!
i in the hope of gaining reconsideration |
1 for the reductions already ordered. I
Average Railway Wages.
I How the wages of the various ;
' classes of railway labor are affected |
I the recent reductions, against
I which he strike was called, is shown
I by the ofllowing average figures on ■
rail pay.
Pass enger engineers under the j
scales which the Brotherhoods Seek j
to have retained average S2BB a;
month. The new scale would cut!
‘their pay 48 cents a day, of $14.40 |
! monthly, leaving an average 0f5273.!
1 The monthly rate under the railroad '
administration averaged $253, while!
the average prior to government op-1
i oration, in 1917, was $lB6.
Freight engineers, who under the!
award of July, 1920, averaged $275;
monthly, draw only an average of!
$256 under the July, 1921, scale.
Under governmetn opera'.ion these
men averaged $239, while in 1917:
! their, average was $175. The reduc-1
tion against which they strike is 64
i cent, a day.
The average fireman’s pay, on a
.through run, was $219 on passenger
trains, and $202 on freights, under'
the maximum scale. The reduction
ordered is of 48 cents a day for
; passenger firemen and 64 cents for;
freight, which would bring their
‘ monthly pay down to about $205 and;
i $lB3 respectively. Under govern-'
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
jment operation the e men drew an
:>v< i.igc of $lB d $166, while
,Yr to government control they i
..'. t raged sll2 and $lO6 respoptively. |
Pay Os Other Classes. |
Average monthly pay of other,
cla wor which the men are strik-1
ing, v.n: being the scale fixed by
the Railroad Labor Board in 1920,
: i( : 'liger conductors, $257; bag-
gagemen, $183; freight conductors,
$247; freight barkemen, $191; yard
foremen, $194; yard helper., slßl,
switch tenders, $153; yard engineers,
$200; and hostlers $176.
Reductions, against which the men
have voted to strike, call for cutting,
the pay cf pasM-nger conductors, bag
: i;.-snun ,flagmen and brakemen, $lB
per month; or freight service em
ploye:; and yard ami hostler help, 64
cent a day. .
Tie total of decreases, running
through all the hop am' clerical
fore ', contained in the downward'
revision of the last wage order, has
keen vark usly estimated at between
three hundred qnd four hundred mil
lions dollars. On the basis of present
railway employment, however, $350,-.
000,000 is believed about correst.
The board itself estimated the in
crease of July, 1920, to have added
six hundred million dollars to the an
nual rail payroll, which leaves an
other two hundred and fifty millions
which the executives urge be lopped ’
off.
, Total rail forces which would be ■
: affected by a general railway strike
i would app.proxima'e 1,800,000, as
I, fellows: |
. Engine service employes, 136,000.!
Train service employes, 189,000.
Shop employe:-, 445,000.
Maintenance of way aiid unskilled
labor, 585,000. ;
Clerical and station forces, 354,-
! 000.
Telegraphers, etc., 77,000.
TIFT MELON GROWERS
TO PLAN FOR 1922 CROP
■
| TIFTON, Oct. 20.—A large at-'
tendance of the watermelon growers I
lof Tift county is expected at the
■meeting of that organization in Tis-!
|on Friday morning. At this meeting'
i the constitution and by-laws will be
: acted upon and also the form of con-,
tract that will be used for the corn-'
■ ing season. Tift shipped nearly 1,-1
; 000 cars of watermelons this year I
and the growers here h-.-.ve formed a
county organization for mutual bene-
; fit.
AMERICUS TEMPERATURES
(Furnished by Rexall Pharmacy) |
4 pm 82 4 am 68 i
6 pm 77 6 am 64 j
8 pm .74 8 am 65 '
.10 pm .71 10 am 69
.Midnight 70 Noon 72
■! 2 am 70 1 pm 73
pi kJ j
STRONG FEELING
OF SETTLEMENT
AT CONFERENCE
‘Big Four’ And Switchmen’*
Chief To Meet Labor
Board
ELEVEN OTHER UNIONS
AWAIT FIRST PARLEY
Full Support Os Government Be
hind Labor Board In
Rulings
CHICAGO. Oct. 20.—The prospec
tive railroad strike cannot be post
poned, but it can be settled.
This was the opinion of the foul'
big brotherhood chiefs and the presi
dent of the Switchmen’s union after
a conference here this morning, at
which it was learned they had consid
ered ali possible phases of the satua
tion as they may be presented at the
meeting this afternoon with the Rail
road Labor board.
CHICAGO, Oct. 20.—The chiefs of
the “Big Four” brotherh.oods. and
the Switchmen's union arrived hers
this morning and went into confer
ence preparatory to meeting this af
ternoon with the Railroad Labor
hoard.
I iiion headquarters was optimistic
and there was a strong evident feci- i
ing that there would be no strike.
The elevent “standard” unions
marked time today awaiting the out
come of the Labor board meeting.
The Labor board will go into con
fcrencc with assurance <'f full sup
port. from every interested govern
mental department, its members said |
following an executive session at
which they wept over the case. One 3
member int incited be believed the H
board had found a legal method of
efil'on ing its ruling. Heretofore the j
board has maintained that it had no I
power to carry out its decisions and ;
unions and railroads each hava
charged the other with violating the
board’s rulings.
The maintenance of way executive
coiim-i] met informally yesterday. J
"I cannot speak for my entire or- j
ganization now, but. personally, I !
will say that we do not want a strike
on the wage question unless forced
to, and that he will not go inti any ’
walkout with the brotherhoods ih - I
walkout with the brotherhoods tin- ’
less we have definite promises of co- j
operation, which so far have not been |
forthcoming from them,” said J. C. !
Smock, maintenance of way Vice I
president, last night.
DURDEN GIVEN |
LIFE SENTENCE
Slayer Gs Norristown Physician
Convicted With Rec
ommendation I
SWAINSBORO, Oct. 20.—Found |
guilty of murder with a recommenda- |
tion for mercy in connection with J
the fatal! shooting of Dr. Charles
Grimes at Norristown, Ga., Will Dur- |
den was sentenced this merning to I
life imprisonment.
The defense put up no evidence a
with the excep.ion of allowing Dur- I
den to take the stand and read to the. |
jury a sworn statement in which h« s
claimed that he she the pyhsician
because he had ruined his home. |
The shooting of Dr. Grimes, who
came to the county more than a
year ago from I’aitsville, Wi.»., arft ;
established a good practice al Mor
risfown, created a great deal of .in
terest in this section. Dyrden, a cot
ton warc'.ouseman at Morristown atM ;
residing, it is said, with his wife near
Soperton in the new county of Treut
len, left the scene immediately after
he shot Grimes and was not captured
until several days later.
BLOODLESS REVOLUTION
SUCCEEDS IN PORTUGAL
I ONDON, tic'. 20. (By Associat
i <‘d I’resi .) After a bloodless revo
i lution in Portugal a new ministry
■ has been formed ami is in full con-
i tr‘l at Lisbon, it. was slated in diss- I
i patches to the Pin .uguerc legation 7
; here today. i
COLQUITT GETS A PLACE. j
MOULTRIE, Oct. 20- News that |
Colquitt county, had received third A
■ prize in the agricultural show of the j
: Albany fair was received with pleas- j
. ure in Moultrie. Colquitt did not I
■ reach a decision to enter a display |
, until a short time before the date 4
cf the fair and the capturing of third ?
money in the face W such keen com- ,
petition was no mean achievement.
i a