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THE AMERICAN GRAPE
INDUSTRY.
A Great and Increasing Branch of Horticulture.
COY ELLIOTT MITCHELL. '<§ try
‘•Th<> rrape la the poor man's fruit, es
\ l'r: "' , Tds l To.'laK^“r.nd‘thei?
U
i ..m Wilt <-xt. i,<i arid profitably ath occupy it ar.d
•' 1 ry inch of k'r.umi nnri'-riu
f: <>m lh.it pm a 11 flint «■ produce all th- trie fruit
1 . 1 - family can urn. . while vln-»
.- fford rhade and protection and add
<" uty to tils little other'’“nt-V«t?,'"and honn% ^iceupyiiiB^ iio
tf. interfere with and
l : ldueiiiK more fruit In less Gme
i th 1- lube; and attention than any
in,nr that was ever planted.”
All of which Is charming in truth
trl'K the phylloxera or the downy
mildew or the aphis or the dry rot Vie
come appurtenances to vine, or the I
chi . -ns or small boys of the neigh
I Ml steal all the grapes just its
they are getting ripe. I !
Chickens, however, should he kept in I
pens, and if every small bey’s father |
had a crape vine which furnished "all
the fruit his family could consume," j
idf-ie won id he no incentive to pillage
the neighbor’s vines. |
Ah for the downy mildew and the I
*tt!cr akiwnts to which' -v.. izcd grape
i
Seedless
Crapes
drain One
l ine
Largest
Crape l ine
in the World,
Can/a Car bam
t 'aliforma.
vines are heir, horticultural Investiga- I
t ions have shown that they can be com
batted wth comparative ease by spray
ing, and rot not only prevented but
the vine stimulated to even greater
than normal production.
As a matter of fact, tho grape iu
duatry in the United states when con
h. ui a a let*-' ...eioine ial
proposition and as one where each man
has Ills own vine, If not fig tree, is one
of a great deal of Importance and of
great interest.
Count Their Age by Centuries.
Although the product of Us fruit Is
m-count.iblo for much that is unseemly
and frivolous, the vino Is ilself an ob¬
ject of groat ago and dignity. It is not
known how old the grape will grow in
America, sltioo wo have not boon ltoro
long enough to make the t t. even had
a vine boon planted with the landing
of Columbus, l’llny mentions an Old
World grape vino 600 years of ago.
Some entire vineyards in Italy held
good for 300 years and others in Bur¬
gundy produced for 400 years and more.
IT B)
■p *
S ACKING CONCORD GRAPES, LAKE
KEVKA, NEW YORK.
These were cultivated vines. Dotibt
h: native vines grow to much great¬
er ages.
The viticulturist of the Department -----
of Agriculture. Georep C Husmann.
states that he has never seen a
among the endless number of natives
abounding in our forests that has die!
from the effects of age Some old grape
vines grow to immense size. There is
a wild grape vine on the shores of Mo¬
bile Bay under which Andrew Jackson
twice pitched his tent in his which cam
paiyt.s against the Sentinoles,
h’s a circumference of over six feet,
with a supposed ago of about 100 years.
The Si/e of a Great Tree.
The largest known grape vine in the
world was planted in California in
JS42. It has made a phenomenal
growth. Beneath Its spreading branches,
which cover nearly half an aero, 800
persons can find protection from the
nun’s heat. It bears from six to ten
tons of grapes for a crop and the cir¬
cumference of its trunk is eight feet.
While the wine Industry Is by far the
most Important feature of grape grow¬
ing enormous quantities of table
grapes are raised and by means of
proved transportation facilities sent to
all parts of the country The Con¬
cords. the Delawares and the Niagaras
come from the North, the Souppcrnongs
from the South and the Flame
and other sugary raisin grapes from
the Pacific coast.
The last census reported 42 States
having in bearing over *,000,000 vines
• ach, California being first with 90,
l • >.000 vines, New York second with
30,000,000, Ohio third -with 14,000,000
Georgia and Iowa with 5,000,000 or leas
each. California alone had a quarter 1
of million . iii vineyards with . i
a acres in an
annual production of 30,000,000 gallons
0 f wine. The investment represented
in that State alone is estimated at *85,- |
000,000.
wine Tank as Big aa a House.
The writer once film Vied to the top
of a single cask at Fresno, California,
which contained 96,000 gallons of port
wine. There are hundreds of casks
throughout the State with a capacity
of 50,000 gallons each. The annual
raisin production of California amounts
to about. 90,000,000 pounds, while about
25,000,000 pounds of these raisin grapea
are shipped East every year as table
grapes.
Last year • Chautauqua district in
Sew York produced 600,000 gallons of
unfermented grape Juice.
These figures give some idea of our
grape Industry, which, while It Is only
about 50 years old, is small ns com
pared to that of the world whose an
nual production is over 4,000,000,000
gallons ot wine.
Other products of the grape are rais
Sms—an enormous industry in itself—
brandy, vi nega r, grape syrup, a very
Bup. i lor a#’*’*” and -**wL«.ns pickles,
and preserves.
The grape furnishes also Important
by-products. Feed and fertilizer are
produced from the pomace, also acetic
acid. The seeds are separated from the
pomace and fed to stock the same as
grain. Ground up, they are used as a
substitute for coffee. A high grade oil
similar to olive oil is also produced
from tho seeds, which, among other
things, make superior soap. They also
yield tannin.
Mr. Husmann estimates that if all the
wastes of the grapo crop were utilized
extra returns would Increase Its value
fully 10 per cent., which, with our pres¬
ent grapo production to the value of
about *15,000,000, would mean e.n ad¬
ditional earning of a million and a half,
and this with our vitleultural industry
as y r et in its Infancy.
Feeding Oleo to the Xnvy.
Considerable of a sensation 1ms de¬
veloped over the furnishing to League
Island navy yard Philadelphia, of but
ter which analysis lias proven to bo
simply oleomargarine colored with coal
tar dye. Samples were taken from the
government receiving ship Lancaster,
several battle ships and cruisers and
from the hospitals of the navy yard by
agents of the Pennsylvania Dairy and
Food Commission. Dr. Warren, the
State Commissioner, declared them to
be specimens of coal tar oleo and after
considerable controversy, at the
stance of President Roosevelt, they
wore finally submitted to Dr. Wiley, the
chief chemist of the Department of Ag
rieulture, who in a full report has sus
Sained l)r. Warren’s findings. Secre
tary Wilson has reierred the report to
the President, who has, it is stated.
called the attention of the Department
of Justice to the matter. Several ar
rests have already been made.
In speaking, however, of the substi
tut Ion of oleomargarine for butter In
the m irk. t. Dr. Wiley said that at pres
amount of o', "margarine sold
in this co try whether fraudulently
as butter or when marked ns oleo is
quite small. Tho government has ren¬
dered the making and sale of the stuff
unprofitable by levying 10 cents a
pound on all that is artificially colored,
and half a cent on the uncolored.
Foreigners Refuse Colored Butters.
“Coal tar dyes,” said Dr. Wiley, "are
not fatally harmful, though by no
means wholesome, and dairymen are
permitted under the law to use such
coloring matter to Impart to their but¬
ter a rich yellow color. To render this
unnecessary the Department of Agri¬
culture is now trying to educate the
popular taste tu favor of uncolored but
ter, and we are making some headway.
Over in Europe one never encounters
colored butter in any of the hotels or
first class markets. The people there
have learned to distrust it. We are
coming to this in the United States. Ti>
| first-class hotels and fancy gro¬
ceries will not buy butter that has a
High color. Our epicures and those
that live well are also fighting shy ot
it and as a result the dairymen are be
| coal tar t0 dye is no longer that the a necessary . b ... tt ' tf
adjunct to a successful dairy.”
-*■«
John Adams was the author of the
motto. "E Piuribus Uuuni.’’
v*#f l&pB
YN-;.-’
| DANGERS OF THE NIGHT.
Increasing Wealth in the ll'esf.
In commenting on the need which
has hitherto manifested itself in th'
West for calling upon Eastern money
centers for funds with which to mov'
Western crops, a New York finance
letter states that with conditions a
they were ten years ago, the prese;
record-breaking crop would hav
strained the capacity of the New Yor
financial centers to the utmost to fu:
nish sufficient funds. So greatly, how¬
ever, has the wealth of the West in¬
creased and so large are the surplu?
reserves of the farmers that even with
crops so stupendous as to amaze Eu
rope, New York financiers have been
hardly Inconvenienced by the demand
for funds. In a not distant future it is
predicted the West of the Mississippi
Valiey and of the Missouri Valley t
well will be found exclusively lending
t! ?T
Ci
’
SCUPPERNONG WINERY, NORTH
CAROLINA.
or advancing money with which to
move tho crops that are grown in the
remoter regions of tho Southwest or the
distant Northwest.
No expert can estimate accurately the
gains that will come this year to the
farmers, tho surplus that will be left
for them after paying expenses, which
represents their profits. Some of the
most experiem • '1 experts have ventured
to estimato that the farmers of the
United States this year as a whole will
find themselves to the good by not less
than *300,000,000, and possibly $100,
000,000. These are the gains as well as
those which the great transportation
companies expect to receive for carry¬
ing tho agricultural products from the
harvest fields to the market to which
Mr. Vanderlip referred in his address to
the National Bankers’ Association at
Washington. The United States as a
whole ought to be richer by reason of
the year’s industry, agricultural and
manufacturing and transportation, by
an amount considerably in excess of a
thousand millions.
G A SOI, IX E POWER EXCISES .,
Constitutes Great Saving in Horse
and Man Power — Have Come
Into General Use on Many
Prosperous Farms
and Homes.
Inexpensive, reliable power on the
farm and around the home is becom¬
ing more and more desirable these
days when unskilled labor is so high
and hard to procure. Gasoline engines,
which when started practically take
care of themselves, are rapidly sup¬
planting steam engines and horse pow¬
er, the operation of which requires ecu
stant attention. The difference in the
cost of operating and the advantage of
starting at a moment’s notice has ad¬
vanced the popularity of gasoline en¬
gines where comparatively small power
is required in contrast with, other
power devices.
A few years ago we heard but little
about gasoline engines for use on the
farms, while to-day we find many of
them on up-to-date farms and small
business plants. This growing inter¬
est has been brought about largely
through the improvements that have
sm
rS<SI
A GRATE BY-PRODUCT FACTORY.
been made by manufacturers during
lute years in simplifying the working
parts of the engines so that the aver¬
age man can operate them with the
ease of an expert. As a matter of fact,
a bright boy can handle a modern gas¬
j oline engine with but little teaching.
Take the farmer who has never seen
a gasoline engine and let him start and
slop one n few times and study some
the *'.....-» principles of operating ---------■— it “
and in a few days he will become as
familiar with its workings as he would
with a team of horses or a tread-mill.
The general usefulness of a machine
of this sort on a farm is apparent.
! There is ensilage to rut, wood to saw
j feed to grind, corn to shell, water to
pump, in fact a multitude of things
'*'“•* that can ~ be done with a gasoline en
gine at small expense.
CBICKEXS AS GARDEXERS.
Can Be Taught to Pull Weeds and
Harvest Crain.
“I see as how a scientific perfesser
has trained a yaller dorg to count ten
an’ answer fool questions,” said the
hired man to the tourist. “Wy that
.in’t nothin.’ I knows an old feller
-k yere in th’ Valley what beats
th i all to flinders. Began raisin'
chickens when he was a boy. I seen
some bantams he had no biggem’ fleas
an’ game birds what c-'d step over a
.x-foot fence. But that ain't nothin’.
Last time I was down ’t his place he
had a hunderd-aere farm an ’bout ten
thousand chickens, an’ was raisin’
'ruck for early northern markets.
Powerful big chickens they was, an’
he had ’em trained so's they’d work
his farm for him. They wasn't a weed
nur a blade o' grass in that whole
farm ’cep’u in the pastures. An’ bugs?
wy they cudn’t a Liter bug, nur a cut
worm, nur even a cabbage flea get a
foot inside o’ tliat farm afore a
chicken had ’im. An’ that wasn’t all.
Them chickens c’d see at night. Guess
he must a’ crossed ’em with owls.
Ynyways, he never worried none
bout early frost. If ’twas cold in the
ng them chickens was out ali
. r ,>verin’ up tomatoes an’ beans
an’ ev'ythin’ tr rth ! tender. Jest squat over
plants with their wings spread
->ut an’ set there till sun up lie bad
tomatoes three weeks ahead o’ any
body else. An’ that wasn't all. When
he he planted r his beets en turnips en
passnips he sowed ’em powerful thick
an’ as soon as they’d get up ’bout
right size them chickens come along
an thin ’em out jest right Fine eatin’
for ’em, too. An’ ’tween times they
was going up an’ down the rows all
day long scratchin’ up the dirt an’
keepin’ ev’ythin’ cultivated jest par
feet. Wy that feller never had a hoe
in his ban’ from one year end to an¬
other. An’ lay! Gee whiz! Them
hens was the stiddiest layers 1 ever
see. But they didn’t use no nests.
Jest laid iu reg’lar egg crates. An -
fast as one layer was full the hens
in ak the layiu’ house ’d grab
i. e an’ drop it in the
cruet. ’! sixty-odd crates o’
eggs in one forenoon.
“But that ain’t nothin’ Them bens
was so big ail’ powerful they c’d do
almost us inuc-n as a hired man. I see
a wagon full o’ seed wheat come
along past his bouse. An' there was a
little hole In the wagon an’ the wheat
was a runnin’ out all along tho road.
Well, sir, that feller jest drove ’bout
five hundred chickens out in the road
and put down a lot o’ sacks an’ they
went to pickin’ up that seed wheat
faster’n you cr I c’d pick up taters.
They gethered up ’bout forty bushel.
In the sacks? Wy of course They
was thee roosters a boldin’ each
sack, au’ when a sack was full they’d
agin whip the a tie fence ’roun an’ the neck, set it 'up
They grab up another.
was sich big powerful chickens,
you know. An’ that wasn’t all nei¬
ther. He had some whoppin’ big
roosters, an’ he sharpened up their
spurs in tho fall an’ had ’em cuttin’
corn better’n you or I c’d with a corn
knife. an’ stackin’ it up jest as reg
lar. But shucks! that wasn't nothin’.
Wy I see that felller—”
But as he looked around the tourist
had fled in horror.
Chinese “Cash.”
Consular reports from China are to
| the form effect rather that revolution the prospect of a re¬
or in the money
system of that Empire is not very
bright, in spite of the promises to that
end which have been made. There are i
a number of influential elements pre¬
venting ing business the change in China which have nations do-1
asked, ■
among others the bankers who profit!
by the great variations in values of
the same kind of coins in different
cities as well as the provincial officials
who mint them. The money of the
people is still brass and copper, and to
introduce a new system will be diffi¬
cult owing to the dread on the part of
the public of anything; new. Gold
and silver may continue to control the
price paid for exports, but copper and
duetlon. brass will for a long time govern pro- j
__I
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IIT 1 1 a * Ik If *£
AMERICAN CROWN
SOAP
*s a green soap, consistency of paste, a perfect
cleanser for automobile machinery and al*
vehicles; will not injure the most highly
polished surface. Made from pure vegetable
oils. It your dealer does not carry American
Crown Soap in stock, send us his name and
address and we will see that your wants are
supplied. Put up in 12^ 25 and 50 lb pails.
James S. Kirk& Company
CHICAGO, ILL.
BOOKS—BOOKS
We have published some good ones spec¬
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every farmer to make more out of his farm
Write for our catalogue.
WEBB PUBLISHING CO.,
St. Paul Minn.
Well Drilling
Machines
Over 70 sizes and styles for drilling
either deep or shallow wells in any kina
of soil or rock. Mounted on wheels or
sills. With engines or horse powers.
chanic Strong, simple and durable. Any me¬
can operate them easily.
SEND FOR CATALOGUE
WILLIAM BROS., Ithaca, N. Y.
Repeaters
are the original solid
top and side ejectors.
Thi9 feature forms metal a
solid thield of
between _ tween the the shooter’s —
head head and and the the cartridge
at all times, tl hrows the
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instead of inti o his face,
prevents smoke ana
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keeps the of
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MARLIN n
works smoothly, easily an
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aiing locking Marlin device the
makes the
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gun 120 -
page age catalogue, 300 il¬
lustrations, . jstrations, mailed cover cover for
nine colors,
three stamps.
The Marlin FireArms Co.
New Haven, Conn.
.JV.V.V.V.V.V.’.VV.VAV.V.’.VAVi iV.V.W.Vi’.V.ViW.VAi
I Gl)e Missoula fturserp \
Producers of No- hem grown acclimated trees and the best
varieties for planting in Northern States.
Every Variety of Standard Fruit
t Thoroughly tested Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries and Trees
Ornamental, Small Fruit Plants, Shrubs,
•c Vines and Roses.
THE EVERBEARING STRAWBERRY
| a* A SPECIALTY OF
5 FLOWERING PLANTS AND SHRUBS
I; Cut Flowers and Floral Designs. Also Vegetable Plants
shipped by express. Catalogue and Price List Free.
^ Mail orders have prompt attention.
I MISSOULA MISSOULA, NURSERY CO.
MONTANA.
■VAVMVY.V.W.V.'AV.VWA'.’.V/iV.WAYWAW/'AV*
A of
^ Century
of unfailing service
:
j proves the
ABSOLUTE RELIABILITY
of tho
Remington
T^TK W'RITE'R
WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT
3,7 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
Sandwich
SELF FEED FULL CIRCLE TWO HORSE
HAY PRESS
The Baler for speed. Bales 13 to 18
tons a day. Has 40 inch feed hole.
Adapted to bank barn work. Stands up
to its work—no digging holes for wheels.
Self* feed Attachment increases cap¬
acity, lessens labor, makes better bales
and does not increase draft.
Send (or Catalogue
SANDWICH MFG. CO.,
124 Main Street, Sandwich, HI
SlL O S
Pine, Fir, Cypress and Yellow Pine.
Write for Catalogue.
Eagle Tank Go., 281 N. Green St.,
Chicago, 111.
you want a jack
Send for our Jack Catalogue. Sure to con
tain th.e description of exactly what you want
Hydraulic Jacks our Specialty
Watson-Stlllman Co.,
4G I>ey St., N. Y. City.