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advocate-democrat.
= f.iZ.X'iAvc'V, ■
magazine section.
HISTORIC GUNSTON HALL. j j
|
VIRGINIA HOME OF THE FAMOUS
GEORGE MASON PURCHASED
RY TOM WATSON.
American History Made Beneath its
Broad Verandas—Has Been Restor¬
ed to its Original Beauty.
Tom Watson, of Georgia, author
a ‘"Life of Tnoinas Jefferson,” is re
ported, to have bought Gunston Washington, Hall,
Virginia, 15 miles from
and which was from 1750 to 1792 the
home of George Mason, friend and ad
viser of Thorns Jefferson, George
Washington, J fines Madison a.J Pat¬
rick Henry. The house is T reserved
and a few rods from it is the grave of
Mason. The pyramidal piece of gran¬
ite shown in the picture stands above
his grave and is inscribed:
GEORGE MASON,
Author of the Bill of Bights and
First Constitution of A irsinia.
J7S&-ATs>iS.
Gunston Hall is on a ridge command¬
ing a fine view of the Potomac river,
Gunston
Grave of
George
Mason
mile distant, lt is about five mi'es be
low Mount Vernon and three miles he
low the.ruins of Belvoir, the home of
the first Fairfax iu Virginia. Gunston
HaU was probably wfithout equal in
that part of Virginia at the time of
its building, and is as well preserved
ns any other colonial house in Virginia,
it is eighty feet long and forty feet
wide and is built of bricks twice the
size of those made now. To the right
of the north entrance is the rcom
which was occupied by Jefferson on his
frequent visits to Mason. On the river
portico is where Mason and Washing- j
ton played at draughts by tlie hour.
Several years after the war Gunston
Hall in dilapidation was acquired by
Colonel Edward Daniels, a Northern
rnan The place was partially restore i
by him. Colonel Daniels in the days of
reconstruction was the editor of the
Richmond Journal t'Jd was once a can
didate for tbe House of Itepresenta
close’ lives hut was defeated. He was a
friend of President Grant, and
Daniels really controlled the patronag” i
of the State of Virginia. A spry oid
gentleman who has personally known
a hundred celebrities of other genera
lions, he lives on land adjoining Guns
ton Hall and which was a part of trio
ostate. Gunston Hall passed to Joseph
Specht of St Louis and by him was
completely restore’s and beautified. He
died three years ago and the place con
tinned in possession of his heirs and
in charge of a colored overseer.
Ealry Opposed to Slavery.
George Mason was the Sage of Guns
ton. It was he who after conference
and correspondence with Washington
drew up the non-importation resolu
tions offered Washington an-J
adopted by the Virginia House of Bur
gesses in 1 769. Or of these resolu
tions pledged the signers to buy no
slaves imported after-November 1, 1769.
Mason was the author of a tract
styled ‘‘Extracts from Virginia Char
ters and Some Remarks upon Them,”
KL a
Mason and Washington attended the
ocr & ^ulv v-iirfnv Court
S» 11 “S ln 1774 "I Wash
Hons In advocacy Country. of non-intercourse
with the mother These res
elutions were adopted and were also
adopted by tbe Virginia convention
Xlrtii: •______ : „ A .. 1 r 7‘7 A If Tt MIO
dolph. Richard Henry Lee, George
Washington, Patrick Henry, Richard
Bland, Benjamin Harrison and Edmund
Pendleton delegates to the First Con¬
tinental Congress, and that Congress
substantially adopted the Mason reso¬
lutions.
Favored Election of Presidents by
the People.
Mason after or.ee declining election,
and once refusing to serve after elec¬
tion to the Continental Congress, sat
in the Constitutional Convention ot
1787. In that great body he opposed
slavery, saying it was a source of “na¬
tional weakness and demoralization.”
He advocated the direct election of
CRAWFORDV1LLE, GA., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1905.
President by the people and for a term
of seven years with ineligibility for re
election. election. He He opposed opposed the the requirement requirement!
of of a a property property qualification qualification for for voters'; voters (
and also opposed the plan to make
slaves equal to freemen for purposes of i
representation in Congress. He re- j
fused to sign the Constitution ns
adopted, and fought against its ratifi¬
cation by Virginia.
In the Virginia convention to ratify
the Constitution Mason led the opposi¬
tion and standing with hiin were Pat
rick Henry, James Monroe, Benjamin
Harrison and William Grayson. The
leaders for raiification were John
Marshall, Edmund Randolph, Richard
Henry Lee, George Washington and
James Madison, yet so great was Ma
son’s influence that in 1GS votes, the
majority for ratification was only ten
and this majority was obtained only
after the required number of States
had already adopted the Constitution.
Of a Famous Family.
The fust American Mason was George
Mason, great-grandfather of Mason of
Gunston. He was a commander of a
troop of horse at the battle of Wor¬
cester, where lie fought in the Stuart
cause, as did Colonel John Washington,
a near relative ot John and Lawrence
Washington, English Royalists and the
original Washington immigrants,
The Mason family was originally of
Warwaiekshire and there are many
Mason memorials in the Church of the
Holy Trinity at Stratford-on-Avon,
Colonel George Mason, the first, was,
however, not a Warwaiekshire man,
but was born in Staffordshire. One o£
his fellow Royalist refugees to Amer
jen was Gerard Fowke, of Gunston, a
hamlet in Staffordshire. The old Eng
iisii Gunston Hall was standing a few
years ago, and was owned by the Gif
fords, descendants of the same Giffords
who were Royalists with Fowke ami
Mason, and who owned Boscobel, near
Gunston, where Charles II. lay in con
cealment after the battle of Worcester,
The commonwealth commander at
Worcester was General Fairfax, and it
was a strange fate that made a descen
ant of this man a neighbor to the Wash
ingtons of Mount Vernon ana the
Masons of Gunston Hall. Belvoir, the
Fairfax estate, lay immediately be
tween Gunston and Mount Vernon
The first American Mason and
Fowke settled in the northern neck of,
Virginia but Fowke later removed to
Maryland George Mason, the second,
married Mary Fowke, daughter of Gcr
ard Fowke, and they built a home in
Maryland, which they called Gunston
Hall, in memory of the English Guns
tort. These people were grandparents
of George Mason, the fourth, or George
Mason, one of the republic’s founders.
In 1750 this man married Anne Eilbeck
0 f Mattawoman, Maryland, and soon
after his marriage began the erection
0 f Gunston Hall, Virginia, which h c
named after his grandparents’ place in
Maryland and the ancestral home of
the Fowkes in Staffordshire,
Mason was one of the vestrymen of
p 0 hick Church, four miles from Guns
ton. Washington and William Fairfax
were also vestrymen there.
-*«^ --—
UNCLE JOE CANNON’S ADVICE.
_
calls jeaeins* “Uncle Joe,” told »*»» the following
story one day when he wished to em
phasize the necessity for telling the
wswws&is * -
A man rented a house but after look
Wat* . went backo the real estate
, a S®“‘ ‘You n ™th profess a^omplamt to have told me the
truth," he stormed, “but you haven't
lawn, for instance!
“Really, sir.” protested the agent, “I
distinctly remember describing the
lawn, and a very nice lawn it is.”
“Oh, yes,” went on the kicker. “You
told me there was a lawn, but you
‘didn’t tell me that the nearest owner
of a lawn-mower lived two miles away!
Where am I to borrow a lawn-mower,
sir? Answer me that!”
Live Stock Mutters.
“Oh,” said the fair summer hoarder,
as a couple of calves gamboled little across
the meadow, “what pretty cow
lets.”
“Yew air mistaken, ma’am.” said
the old farmer. “Them’s bullets.”
A NEW CABINET OFFICE.
LIKELIHOOD OF CREA TION OF Ur =
PAR * TAW ST ‘ OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.
---
Field Covered by Secretary of War
Considered Too WiJe — President
May Suggest Change to Congress.
Since the war with Spain, the enor¬
mous growth of the business of the
War Department has given rise to an
oft expressed opinion in high govern¬ ripe
ment circles that the time is executive fully
for the creation of another
department to handle the control of
the island affairs of the government.
It is predicted that the President will
make some such suggestion in his
forthcoming message to Congress.
Following the Spanish War, the War
Department naturally took control of
the island possessions that came to the
Unidnl States as a result of that ' ui
flief. These islands, Cuba, I'm-to 4’ico
and the Phillippines, fell to the cafe of
the War Department as long a- they
were under military rule, inn when
civil government took ibe place of
martial law they were still left with
the War Department.
Kept From Statu Department,
It would scorn natural for them to
belong to the Department of State, but
they have been purposely kept from
the province of that department in or
>er that foreign powers might not
h. '•(- a chance to say anything affairs about
them. The bureau of insular
was created to attend to questions
affecting our island possessions, but
this bureau has boon under the imme¬
diate control of the Secretary of War,
and out of reach of foreign represent
atives.
With the turning ot Cuba over to
the Cubans and tne passing of
Rico to 1 lie State Depart meat and
Guam and Tutuilla to the Navy De
partment, matters became even niure
involved.
Burden Too Great.
Almost of greater importance, at
present, than the Philippines, is the
canal zone. Secretary the Taft tried to
shunt tills burden to shoulders ol"
Secretary Root, hut tailed in his at¬
tempt. lie is now preparing to make
a visit to the isthmus to see how the
work on the big ditch is progressing.
Mr. Root declared that the bureau of
insular affairs was better equipped
to handle canal affairs than any other
department of the government.
However, when Secretary ' Taft
left for the Phillippines and it was
understood that Mr. Root wtmlil- be¬
come Secretary of State, it was said
to be Secretary Taft’s wish that the
canal matter he transferred to Mr. Root
and there has been much speculation
during the summer and fall as to who
would eventually oversee this big job.
On one hand it has been realized that
Secretary Taft lias had a great deal
more than his proportionate share ol
government work ami responsibility,
and again it was understood that one
of the arguments used by the President
to induce Mr. Root to re-enter the Cab¬
inet was the President’s personal de¬
sire that lie should undertake the di¬
rection of the can work. His accept¬
ance of the trust would have enabled
Secretary Taft to devote more of his
time to important Philippine govern¬
ment questions and the business of the
army generally. It seems to have been
decided, however, that Mr, Taft is to
continue permanently as the Panama
canal builder, this decision having been
reached at a recent Cabinet meeting.
Those questions.-together with ques¬
tions relating to tin*'general staff, the
reorganize ion of the army, and other
internal affairs, have made the .Secre¬
tary by far the hardest worked man
iu the Cabinet.
Taft Travels Far,
This is proved, if in no other way,
^ immense' innowii of traveling y£i
j i* Taft to the
H b beeB to auft ma, to the Philip
COL. CLAI5ENCK T(. EDWARDS,
Chief of Rm-en'! of insular Affairs and Pos¬
sible New Cabinet Officer.
pines, to Hawaii, to China and Japan,
lie has just left. Washington for his
second trip to the Isthmus. Through
his connection with tne affairs of the
Philippines, he has become involved
in questions wholly outside the regular
line of the War Department.
These are some of the reasons which
lead the President and his advisers to
consider the creation of another de¬
partment to take complete control of
island and colonial affairs. Whether
Congress will consent to this at the
coming session, or will move postpone¬
ment, cannot be foretold, hut tlie
chances are that, within a reasonable
time, the War Department, will be re¬
lieved of some of its heavy burdens.
There is no pie or pudding, father.
But I will give you this;
And upon tbe. blacksmith’s toil-worn
brow,
She printed a childish kiss.
ROOSEVELT IN DIXIE.
President Speaks to the Followers
of Lee,
President Roosevelt's recent tour
through the South was one continuous
ovation from the people of Dixie, in
fact his visit luts been heralded as be¬
ing as triumphant as the retu.n oi
any Roman emperor. Dixie was cap
ured by the Rough Rider President.
At Richmond, the old Confederate
Capital, the greeting extended to him
.was uuusually cordial. After nun Lt
parading and speech-making, (he Pres¬
ident was taken for a drive through
the residence section. In the center of
this section is the great equestrian
statue of General Robert E. Lee. At
this point occurred a scene of the Pres¬
ident’s visit which will probably be
remembered when all others have
faded into oblivion.
Surrounding the Lee monument is
an iron fence, inclosing a circle of
lawn. The crowd was the>r- groupe
around this circle, inside, y sfimattu
upon the base iff the monument anc
wandering about upon the lawn were
seventy-live broken, tottering old men.
clad in gray and carry" g small Cou
ederate flags. nearly'all Many hobbled leaned upon j
crutches, and upon
enues. Here and there an arm or a ,
log was missing. The voices of the old |
men were low, and they paid no heel
to the crowd around them. They ;
were waiting for the President of the i
United States, he was to drive past
the monument. From time to time a
little, old man climbed upon a incur- pedi
ment and stood, like the very
nation of the Lost Cause, shading his
eyes and gazing toward the coining
of the great, the power, ul, the worid
renowned successor of Lincoln and
Grant,
if -was such a sight as this which
greeted the President when his e;ir
riage dashed up to (lie monument.
Before the old men realized it, the
President was racing them and shout¬
ing, “Come closer.” With con fused ex¬
clamations tlie old men hobbled for
ward, with small pretense of march
ing. They had almost forgotten the
STATUE OF GENERAL LEE AT RICHMOND.
Group of Confederate Veterans Waiting to Hue the President.
old marching orders in their confusion,
They simply huddled forward to the
fence. The line was not reformed.
Then the President spoke to tint South,
ignoring the crowd behind him. He
spoke only to the wearers of the gray.
He spoke as the President of a re¬
united country. His voice seemed as
the voiee of a nation speaking to the
followers of Lee.
The veterans devoured every vigor¬
ous syllable of the President’s address.
They returned Ids earnest gaze with
looks of unmistakable good will and
loving friendship. Somewhat abruptly
the President stopped, waved his hat,
It was to lliein like the balm of Gileiul.
and shouted, “Good-by, and good
luck.”
“Oood-by, good-b they shouted,
and a moment later President Roose¬
velt was out of sight.
Expert NttVuI Testimony.
When Dick Thompson, of Indiana,
was called to the Cabinet as Secretary
of the Navy It is said that he had
never even been on a large vessel. One
of bis earliest visits was made to an
informal inspection on a large mah
of-war, lying at the Navy Yard. He
climbed up on the deck, was escorted
around the vessel, admired arid com¬
plimented the beauty and cleanliness of
it all and finally peered down the hold.
He looked hack at the officer, took off
his glasses, wiped them, looked down
again and then finally turned to the
commander and exclaimed, “Why the
thing’s hollow!"
PAGES 1 TO 4.
THE STRENGTH OF JAPAN.
GARDEN FARMS THE FOUNDl
TION OF NIPPON'S POWER.
People Sustained in Com¬
fort on Only 19,000 Lquare Miles
of Cultivated Land.
“Chicago,” July, The Groat Central Market
lyuO).
‘‘A hundred years hence, leavii g
China out of the question, there will
be two colossal powers iu the world,
beside which Germany, England,
France, and Italy will tie us pygmies—
the United States and Russia.”
If any one had told Emile de La
velcye, when he made this prophecy,
some years ago, that within a few
years the power of Russia on the sea
would be annihilated, and her land
forces defeated again and again liy the
pygmy nation of Japan, would he
No, bel'rp'od neither it? w
he nor any ore else, at
that time, would li ve credited it.
The incredible, the unbelievable, has
actually happened. There is no result
without a cause. What Is the timlerly
mg cause of lids rnarveh us strength
of Japan?
It is not in battle ships or siege guns
not In torpedo boats or field artillery
—not in arms or armor—not in muni
thins of war or equipment for battles
on land or sea, Russia had all these,
and yet she lias suffered crushing, hu
niiliaiing, -and overwhelming defeat,
What, then, is the secret of Japan’s
strength?
E ficiency of the Unit.
It is in just one tiling, and that is
men!
lt is in the oflickmey of the unit.
It is in the physical and mental ?low¬
er—In the health, strength, and intelll
geiu-o of the Japanese people as a
whole, and as a consequence, of every
individual soldier anil sailor.
And tliis physical and menial elll
cieney of an entire people—of the cu¬
tiro citizenship of the Japanese uatiou
—is a plain and distinct result of tholr
mode of life.
The Japanese people are strong be¬
cause Uiey live as the human animal
must live to be mentally uud physi¬
cally strong-next to mil ore.
They breathe the fresh air.
They eat. plain food.
They neither starve nor g' ge.
They are mentally and physically
active. door" people.
They are an “out of
'They mu.ersfarid the laws of health,
and obey the n.
Their children draw their strength
from the bosom of mother earth.
And above and beyond ftU, they are
a nation of homes and home owners.
Each family Is in a home and each
home is in n garden where health and
strength arc gained by tlie labor of
cultivating that garden for a living,
And in these garden homes the peo¬
ple of Japan have far more of real
Ideas iire arid happiness and tlie genu¬
ine enjoyments of life than the aver¬
age wage worker in our country.
The White Plague Unknown.
We have fallen Into a smug arid
self complacent and wretchedly super¬
ficial habit of thought that people which loses
sight of the life a lead and
BULLDOC SUSPENDERS Three Ordinary Kinds.
50 cent* everywhere. Will Outwear
Made W> Light nml Heavy Weights, for Man and Youth. Extra lengths,
sai in; price. With more clastic, warranted non-rusting metal pan*, and
absolutely unbreakable, soft, pliable Bull Dog leather end*, they are
POSITIVELY THE BEST SUSPENDER will, flu MADE*
If you dealer cannot POTTER,'"”'*1, *opplv \ uu, we postpaid, for cent*.
HEWES & , w rl 1
154, 87 LINCOLN BT BOSTON, MA8B " ' ’
.
Valuable fcooklet, “ Or ess and Suspender Styles/' free on request^ j
measures everything by a money wage
—a totally false and dccoptive stand¬
ard of measurement of the best tiling
that human life affords.
In tlie United State's two hundred
and fifty thousand of our people are
being annually destroj.-d by the great
white plague, tuberculosis.
Iu Japan the disease is practically
unknown.
Why? Japanese breathe fresh
Because the
air.
What would the Japanese think if
they were told that their people could
not’ have fresh air because they did
not have more money?
Or could not have exercise because
they could not twfovd to belong to
athletic clubs?
Or niusl '■““ •without food because
they lacked money to lmy it at a
butcher or a grocery store, when
every Japanese gardener has the land
from which ho knows how with his
own labor to get all the food he needs
for tlie abundant nourishment for
himself ami family.
The Garden Farm.
Of the .. $,01)0 immolation of
.
Japan an.Ono.tHiO mi' farmers. <r native Tim
correctly speaking, gardener. hrigamd
Japanese farm is a garden, nml
and fertilized, and scientifically
Intensively tilled. the
And a recent writer, describing
Ufa of the Japanese farmer, says-.— rich.
“Measured in money, he is not
But lie dwells in a comfortable and in¬
viting home, purged of every taint of
dirt and dust. The transparent paper
walls of his house, made of hark from
his niitsumata shrubs, flood ins dwell¬
ing with tight nml keep out the w ind,
lie (‘itjoys good food seined in dainl.v,
but inexpensive dishes made of native
woods. Even in the homes of the
poorest, tl mre tire no visible signs of
poverty. There is no squalor in agri¬
cultural Japan. The humblest peas¬
ant farmer is clean. Industrious and
comfortable. The area of fence corners
abandoned on many American farms
to wild mustard, fennel, and pig ...... .
would furnish comfortable living to a
whole family in rural Japan. Nome
idea of tlie trifling cost of living iu
agricultural Japan was given by
ail who lias fifteen
years In tlie Empire. Frequently lie
lakes a vacation in the fanning re¬
gions. lie has good food, sleeps Impec¬ on
clean and eoiiiforlaldequills ill
cable houses is carried about In coun¬
try carts,and at tbe end of two weeks
finds Hint Ids total expenses have not
exceeded ten you, or five dollars.”
And from the garden farms the
Home Acres—of agricultural Japan. faced
1 in vc! come the soldiers who have
death to drive (be Russians from Man¬
churia and leaped Inlo eternity in or
dm* thill they might wipe the menace
of tbellUKsian Navy from the seas that
wash tlie shores of their Home Land.
A Nation of Home Acres.
It is an old saying that a man will
not tight for i boarding house, but will the
Japanese have proved that they
tight, like demons to defend the insti¬
tutions of a nation of Home Acres.
We Instinctively think of the victo¬
ries of Japan as the victories ot her
leaders.
We are naturally hero-worshippers.
But there, again, we lire superficial.
Our military men were loud In their
praises of the masterly way in which
KuropatUin played the game of war.
And llojestieiisky must: have the
credit, due him for sailing his fleet four
thousand mile and planning so > ,.i
eiently to provide it with coal and pro¬
visions.
But Oyajnm and Togo bad tbe men,
and every, Japanese soldier'and sailor
is not only a, Hero but a leader. If
eve'-y officer in the Japanese army and
navy above the rank of Gupta 111 were
stricken dead tomorrow, their places
would he filled and Japan would con¬
tinue to prosecute the war to final vic¬
tory. The secret of her power lies in
the fact physlenl Hint in strength, Intelligence, in mental
and in individual
initiative in patriotism, in all that goes
lo make up a lighting unit, every
Japanese soldier and stillpr an
Oymu You or inigri'i a 'logo fU-iqubrydt
de troy every ship that
Japan possesses, destroy all her arms
and mmiitliwis of war, lake away even
•he clothes fin their backs .and trans¬
port every soldier in her army and
every sailor In her navy back to the
shores of Japan as naked as the day he
were horn, and leave the nation to its
own would devices, and in a few years they
stronger naval and than milfi.iry jjbwer and be
ever.
Hut destroy the men of Japan and
substitute for them the dull-witted
peasantry factory of Russia or the enai-mic
operatives of England, ami
you have destroyed Japan.
Men Before Battleships.}
True to Ids warlike impulses and in¬
stincts, President Roosevelt catches up
Hie echo from the great naval battle
which has just been fought, and calls
on the country for more battle ships
Rojestvensky hail battle ships. He
had more of them than Togo. But ho
didn’t have flic men. And he couldn't
get them. Russian institutions could
not produce them.
Now, would it not be wise for the
people of Ibis country to wake up to
the fact that the foundation of our
strength as a nation is not in an army
or a navy, but in our citizenship.
Ayd also wake up to tlie appalling
fact, powerfully portrayed bv Robert
Hunter In “Poverty,” ids recent book,
that we are deliberately following in
the footsteps of England arid degener¬
ating our citizenship by crowding our
working people In into cities where
they live an unhealthful environ¬
ment and are weakened b y poor
and inadequate nourishment.
The lesson .to ho learned by this nn-