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United States, the Domin ion and England Stirred by Agreement For Reduction of Cus toms Duties. By JAMES A. EDGER.TON. C ANADIAN reciprocity ns ngreoil upon by President Taft nud the Dominion government promises to be one of the biggest ques tions injected into American politics for many years. Already it is ngitat- lng the entire country, and especially that portion of it along the Canadian border, and is forcing new alignments in congress. There is serious doubt as to whether the president’s recom mendation will be approved by both houses at this session. It may not get through either house. The general opinion in Washington is that it will be passed by the house of representa tives, however, and will be hung up' Without action in the senate. Properly speaking, the agreement is not a treaty at all. It is simply a rec ommendation by the two governments that their respective legislatures enact Into law certain tariff provisions af fecting the two countries. The bill em bodying these recommendations must take exactly the same course as any other tariff measure. In the case of our own congress this means that it must originate in the hotase and be passed by that body beforfe v it goes to the senate. A majority vote in each house will carry it to the president for approval. If the understanding were really n treaty it would not go to the lower bouse at all, but would require ratifica tion only in the senate, which would have to pass it by a two-thirds vote. Under the circumstances it is extreme ly fortunate for the reciprocity agree ment that it is not a treaty. | Senate Doubtful of Status. There was u question raised in the senate on this very point, and as a re sult the president's message was taken from the finance committee and re ferred to the foreign relations commit tee, which is the course a treaty would have to take. It was understood, how ever, that the foreign relations com mittee would simply pass on this one proposition, after which the mensure would be returned to the finance com mittee. As the matter now stands a majori ty of the Democrats favor the proposal and many of the Republican, including some of the insurgents, oppose it. Champ Clark, who will be spenker of the next house, came out flatfootedly for Canadian reciprocity, and most of his supporters cheered his declaration. In the senate William J. Stone of Mis souri has taken a similar stand. Among the Republicans Hale, Hey- burn, McCumber, Oliver, Toung and other regulars are unalterably hostile to the proposal. Beveridge, progres sive, is for it, but some of the other progressives are In an embarrassing position. On the one hand, Canadian mdproci- ty represents a step in the".direction of tariff reduction, which they have long demanded: on the other, it takes the tariff from wheat and other farm products. These men come from agri cultural states. Their contention is thnt it is not fair to remove the tariff from the things the farmer raises and leave it on manufactured products. They assert that- the only benefit the farmer will receive from the arrange ment is cheaper lumber. They also fear that it will increase thPexodus of American farmers into Canada. j Price Reduction Predicted. ' The advocates of the mensure say that it will reduce prices and at the same time make it more difficult to corner the necessaries of life, that it iwill build up the market for-American goods'across the .border nnd that it ■will lead to better trade relations and more cordial feelings between the two countries. The railroads running into Canada and their connections in the (United States are especially favorable to the agreement on the ground that It will increase their business. Incidentally your Uncle Sam is some what doubtful also. Canadian trade looks good to him, and he needs or soon may need those vast whentflelds to help feed his millions. But when he .thinks of his own farmers and. won ders what the change will do to them the old man falls into a brown study. There is one comforting thought. We are not the only ones in a quandary. !The Canadians nnd the English are also doing a bit of thinking. The Con servatives in Great Britain are mak ing a roar compared with which some of ouc own objections ye mild.. They POLITICAL ISSUE Democrats and Progressive Republicans Join With Liberals In Support of President Taft’s Measure. see the loss of Canadian trade, the denrth of Canadian wheat, the stifling of Canadian industries nnd the enter ing wedge thnt mny ultimately mean the annexation of the Dominion to the United States. England “Jollying" Canada. In this dilemma they welqome the selection of the king’s uncle, the Duke of Connnught, ns the new governor general of Canada. The Dominion Is Just now assuming nn unwonted im portance in their eyes. They are even fpedlng the Canadians with large and assorted varieties of verbal taffy. Here is a sample: In fifty years the Domin ion may so far outstrip the mother country that the king himself will re side in Montreal. This "sort of pabu lum does not go far with the hard headed Canadian farmer, however. He smiles cynically ns he reflects thnt in the past the Dominion has given Great Britain everything nnd has re ceived in return nothing but three cheers. The Liberals in England take a far more composed view of the situation. Many favor the proposal of Canadian reciprocity with the United States on the ground that it will be a step in the direction of freer trade. The same- general alignment is observed among the Canadians themselves. The Lib erals support the measure; the Con servatives oppose. As the Liberals are in control both at London and Mon treal, the groanings of the opposition will probably have little effect on the outcome. It is not without significance that it should be the Conservatives in Canada and England who fight the proposition and the standpatters who are against it in the United States. Many Important Reductions. The articles made free under the agreement generally cover foodstuffs and the necessaries of life, including all kinds of live stock, grain, fresh vegetables and fruits, poultry, butter, eggs, fish and sea food, cottonseed oil, lumber and wood products, wire, some kinds of machinery, coke, wood pulp, print paper and other kinds of paper. Articles not on the free list, but con siderably reduced, with the same rates applying to both countries, include all kinds of meats, flour, clocks and watches, automobiles, farm machinery and building stone. Reductions are also made on bituminous coal and oth er articles, but with different rates be tween the two countries. There is confusion as to the wood pulp schedule for the reason that some of the Cnnadian provinces require that timber cut from crown lands must be manufactured into wood pulp in the province. An effort will be made by the Canadian government to have those restrictions removed. John Nor- ! ris, representing the American News- ; paper Publishers’ association, believes the agreement if ratified will material ly reduce the price of print paper. The part President Taft has played in the negotiations has been notable. It will be recalled that last year he spent a memorable two days at Al bany in consultation with the governor general of Canada, the minister of finance and other Dominion officials. It was then that the general outlines of the agreement were fixed, the com missioners from the two countries afterward working out the details. Second to the president perhaps the most important figures in the nego tiations were W. S. Fielding, minister of finance for Canada, and Philander O. Knox, American secretary of state. The president’s second big play was his special message to congress recom mending the approval of the agree ment. The third move was his Mc Kinley day speech, in which ho quoted the dead president’s reciprocity senti ments uttered the day before his as sassination in Buffalo. Will Mr. Taft’s next move be to call a special session of congress? He 1ms intimated that he is prepared to taka that step if there is not a vote on the proposition in both houses of congress during the present session. He be lieves that the longer the country has to think over the proposal the more it will favor it and that eventually the agreement will be ratified. There is no doubt that he is ready to make a fight for the measure similar to that which' he conducted for his legislative program in the last session.. Success Seems Assured. With the large Democratic acces sions in both houses in the new con gress there is a belief that the proposal must ultimately go through. At least a part of the progressives ure certain to favor it, and It is even possible thnt n majority will take that course. In addition many of the regulars will also line up with the administration. The exact status of the agreement seems to be tills: It must be ratified ns a whole or rejeetdd as a whole. There can be no amendments, it must receive a majority In both houses of congress. The new Democratic house will pass it without question, nud It is probable that the'present house will do the snme. So far ns the attitude of the present senate enn be arrived at, it is hostile. The new senate will be more favorable, the only question being as to whether there will be enough new accessions favoring the proposnl to carry it. There are two views ns to the ef fects of Canadian reciprocity on Amer ican farmers. One is thnt the tariff on farm products is of little or no benefit to the farmer - since he pro duces a surplus above the amount needed for home consumption nnd the prices received are therefore, fixed in the markets of the world. Advocates of this theory believe thnt the adoption of Canadian reciprocity will have a negligible effect on our farmers. At the same time it will not materially reduce prices to consumers. 'It will tend, however, to prevent grain corners and stock market manipulations.' The other view is that the free im portation of Canadian- farm products will reduce American prices and will at tract hosts of American fnrmers to the cheaper lands of the Dominion. Sup porters of this idea aver thnt the/only American beneficiaries of reciprocity will be the consumer, the railroad nnd the manufacturer. In the matter of wheat; for example, the cheaper prod uct of the Dominion will come to the American mill to be ground. On the free admission of live stock, supporters of reciprocity assert that the adoption of the agreement will ac tually help American farmers. As there is little corn grown in the Do minion, Canadian range cattle will be brought across the border to fatten. Fishermen Object. Farmers are by no means the only ones objecting to the proposal. The fishermen of New England are up in arms. At Gloucester the flags were put at half mast on the announcement of the plan. The New England pulp mills are also lip opposition. It seems a foregone conclusion that most of the senators from this section will vote against ratification. Yet, strangely enough, the man who is leading the fight for reciprocity in the house is ^Representative Samuel W. McCall of Massachusetts, a regular Republican. Back of Cnnadinn reciprocity is a larger question which everybody rec ognizes, but which nobody talks much about. In England it furnishes one of the grounds for opposition to ratifica tion of the agreement In America it Is supplying just as powerful a senti ment the other way. In Canada, if rec ognized at all, it is brushed aside. This is the question of Canadian an nexation. Is it only a dream, or is it a possibility of the near future? Can ada is more nearly related to us than to Great Britain. Her interests are identical with ours. Her natural out let and market are through the United States. The natural course of trade is north and south. Even Dominion poli tics is rapidly becoming more Ameri can than English. Is reciprocity an entering wedge? Is the last great Eu ropean possession in the western hem isphere to sever her bonds? BROOM MAKES ATHLETES, Domestic Course at Girls’College Gives Them Fine Records. Domestic training, especially sweep ing, makes athletes. Domesticity and athletics are anything hut foes. Lake Erie college at Painesville, O., fur nishes proof of these statements. The new official record of field ath letics shows that Lake Erie holds five women’s collegiate records, more, than any other girls’ institution in the coun try except Vassar, whicli has seven. Lake Erie is the only college holding records at which domesticity is a com pulsory part of the course. At Lake Erie practical housework holds a place on the curriculum equal with literature, art and science. Every girl at Lake Erie must do thirty-five minutes of housework every day. MACHINE MADE PLUM PUDDING F.M. BRANNON, W. S. WIGHT, Wh. SEARCY, President. Vice-President. Cashier CITIZENS BANE Capital $50,000.00' Surplus and Undivided profits $22,000.00 Total Resources, One Quarter of a Million. We pay 4 per cent interest Compounded Quarterly in our Savings department. YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED English Housewives Need Not Make Trouble Any More. English housewives may grow up In ignorance of the secrets involved In compounding the greatest of all Eng lish dishes, plum pudding, but science with its Ingenious mechanism will keep the pudding supply up to the de mand. United States Commercial Agent John M. Carson writes from England that “plum pudding, so dear to the English heart and so trying to the av erage stomach," promises to become of sufficient Importance in the foreign trade of the kingdom to be specifically named in official reports. Notice to Farmers. All parties wanting Planting from my Fine Long Cotton can get now. I only have a LIMITED ai and the fir. t comes is the first serve? Price for 'Planting Seed, selected with great care, is $2.50 per bushel. J. J. COPPAGE. 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Bell & Ira Carlisle Attorneys-At-Law CAIRO, - - GEORGIA. w. J. Willie Attorney-At-Law Will practice in all Courts, State and lederal. Collections a specialty. Office in L. B. Powell building. Phone 73. - CAIRO. GA P- C. ANDREWS Attorney-at-Law. CAIRO, GA Office in ParkerYinilding. Have Your Family Photographed A series of pictures of the children at different ages prove price less as years pass. I,<? me make them now while they are with you. E. WOODY Studio Brvan St. Cairo, Ga The Progess $1 R. C. BELL ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR IRA CARLISLE Associate General Practice: Office over Post of fice. Five Year FARM LOANS prompt ly negotiated at low rate of interest. CAIRO, GA. Our experience gives us advantage of others We have the best machinery that experience can select or that money can buy. We will be glad to figure with you on tiieprinting problem. We fee sure that we can save you money. We handle all kinds of PRINTING. If you need anything figure with us, QUALITY is our motto. THE PROGRESS. - - Cairo. Ga. GEORGIA—Grady County. Thereas r). Ljn.i Carry, ai.niu‘nfcrix of W. J. Curry represents to the court in her petition duly filed and entered on re cord that she has fully administered W. J. Currys estate, this therefore is to efte all persons concerned, kindred and credi tors, to show cause if any they can, why said Administratrix should not be dis charged from her adminstration and re ceive Letter of dismission on the first Monday in March, 1911. This February ,8th, 1911. P. H. Herrins. « Ordinary