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FARM DEPARTMENT
IH
Conducted by P. M. Ward, Farm Demonstration Affent
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Hie Uattlo Tick: Life History and Method of Destroying
|Articlc No. 45 on “Farm Facts E-very Boy
Should Know”
By Tail Butler
completo they drop
About 1801), t ho votorinarians of
tlm l j'.itcd States Department of
Agile.iltut'c proved that the South
ern eat lie tick wn? the means by
whieh So ithern cattle carried the
disease, then known ns Texas fe
ver, to Ncrtlnrn cattle. They
slnwed that young ticks—seed
licks—hatched from eggs that were
laid by ticks taken from Southern
cattle would, when put on North-.
velopment i
oh ! ho cow.
How did J plan to kill off nil the
ticks? By taking all the cattle
I out. of the pasture and giving
. them out for three or four months
; in summer? Thai would have
j done it, but. I.chow to iak> them
purpose «f j 0,1,; nf 1 ho pasture September 1st
Not alone for tho ....
showing others why tick cradica- 1 nilfl lpilVo ln< ‘ tn <lUl tuHil the * next
tioft is practicable ‘and easy, bul l Mny ’ bo( ' : ‘ USi! Illllt «u*d less loss
because they are in thetnsolvos 01 I ,a!at »irngo. And then the cattle
most interesting, f wish to act down v ; 0l ' 0 R 1 ' easc d t° hill all the licks on
the facts by which I was convinced' . n \ l,ofot ' e P utlin S them hack on
that the cattle tick could be com-j ,ho clettnwl P^ture. Of course tho
pletcly eradicated from the United j tllks starvation.
Stales, even though there was no ■ hater, when a dip was found
case in which anything similar had | , " Would k ! N tho ! :ipk * wllil ° 0,1
been done. j the cattle, without,serious injurey
1. That while there are eight orl to ,hu ,:attlo ~ ,hR prsenioul dip—it
era cattle, cause Texas fever. T no | ten kinds or species of ticks, which!'' as l!l,sk>1 *° ^ cl the cal tie run in
writer sent :i lot ol’ lioki to n Ne- infest American cattle, there is only, 1 * 10 pasture to collect I he licks and
hraska experimenter. These old j one which carries the "germ” ,of ,bo11 kill the ticks by dipping. Ol
ticks laid eggs, and when the young I tick fever, and this ono is us differ- r0ll,S0 ’ :lb the ticks collected by
ticks that lnit died from these epgs ( cut from other ticks as a bull dog 11,0 c ' ! ' ttlc nre kil ! ( (1 h - v di PP in S 11,1,1
were put on Nebraska cattle, the from a setter.
that you give them additional rare
worth three dollars cstoh and you
will have calves worth at the end
ot the season twenty dollars each.
A difference of at least twelve
dollars. 1 his is not an extreme
illustration, ('anno! you afford
to go to some extra trouble and ex
pense for one year in order to have
this kind of benefit come to your
cattle every year.
It is hogging the.question to ar
gue the old conditions that prevail
ed wit hour fathers. Those days uro,
gone and no amount of fuming and
kicking and holding back on our
part is going to rostote them. It
is far better that we accept in tin
intelligent, manner the changed
conditions and do all that we can
for the betterment of ourselves and
for the advancement of our county.
It will lie one of the best things
that can possibly conic to Grady
,< lounty for her to lie released from
the quarantine ngnipst tick- infest
ed cattle under which she now is
by the enrl of 1917.
cattle sickened and died whitli
Texas fever. T le modern name of
the disease has, therefore, come to
ho “tick fever” instead of “Tcxrs
fever.”
The blood of animals contains or
is partially made up' of a large
number of single colls, known as
red corpuscles. In these red cor
puscles of cattle sick with tick fe
ver were found very s will animals
which destroyed the corpuscles and
thereby caused the death of the
cattle. It was shown that the
mother tick obtained these small
blood parasites which caused lick
fever from the blood of Southern
cattle. They have not been found
either in the egg or in the young
licks—seed ticks—hatched from
them, but it has been shown that
the young ticks, when placed on
susceptible cattle, do put into the
blood of those cattle this blood
parasite in some form, for-they, de
velop rapidly and produce the dis
ease.
The writer sent mother ticks
from Mississippi to Nebraska by
mail. These mother ticks laid eggs
and when the young ticks hatched
from these eggs were put on Ne
braska cattle tick fever was pro
duced and the small animals found
in the blood in large enough num
bers to cause death.
Thus wo have the cow carrying
ticks, which in turn carry another
much smaller animal which causes
t he death of other cbws. Some
have been unable to believe that
such occurs, indeed when the facts
were firsUannouncod some Euro
pean scientists termed it,“a ro
mance in' pathology.” But since
then, many similar disease produc
ing small parasites have been
proved to bo carried by other ani
mal parasites on man and other
animals. Some or these are the
animal blood parasites which caus
es malaria and is carried by a cer
tain kind of mosquito, and of the
parasites which causes yellow fever
and which is carried by u certain
other kind or species of mosquito.
The discovery that the tick car
ried the small animal blood para
site which caused tick fever was
the first of its kind and undoutedly
led to or was an aid to the discov
ery that the small, animal, blood
parasite which causes malaria or
“chills,” is carried '
night mosquito.
But this is not the only impor
tant and interesting fact known
about the cattle tick. Tho writer
was the first to demonstrate that
fit was practicable to destroy this
tick or eradicate it from large areas.
the
H. That the tick which carries |
the parasite that cause tick fever
is the only one which often be
comes numerous on cattle, especial
ly during the latter part of the
summer and fall,
15. That this tick, which carries
tick fever, practically dons not in
fest any animal except those, mules
and cattle. In.fact, as far as the
eradication of this tick is concerned
wo can operate* as a general rule,
as if it infested cattle only. Other
ticks infested other animals hut
this cattle fever tifk docs not.
i. When the young, or seed tick,
of this species, gets on an animal it
does not leave that animal until
mature and drops off as the next
step in its life development. Other
ticks, infesting cattle and ,other
animals, stay on their first victims
for a time and then drop off and
must get on other animals or the
same ones again, and these must
repeat this process a second time
to reach full development, but this
is not so with the cattle fever tick.
It is an interesting fact that since
other ticks must find three, victims
in order to live and complete their
development they cannot be choice
selecting their victim?, even
fastening themselves to man; but
the fever tick, since it. only 1ms to
find'one victim to complete its de
velopment, can afford to be par
ticular, so it only fastens itself to
cattle, horses, mules and doer,
i. That the mother tick when
all those that, do not get
cattle starve to death.
It was simple, after we knew the
ife history of the tick; hut without
llhese facts it would never have
boon done. Are these not interest
ing facts, and would not the prob
lem of devising means of killing the
ticks, when given the facts, lie
good mental exercise and training
for any hoy or girl?
Free Grady Of Cattle
Ticks Next Year
Regardless of what decision
•fudge Thomas may hand down in
the case recently heard before him
brought by citizens of Thomas and
Lowndes counties to prevent the
enforcement of the cattle dipping
regulations we believe that Grady
county by this time should be so
well aroused to the advantage that
it will be to our county to have the
quarantine lifted and to have the
danger of tick fever infection re
moved from our cattle, that it will
be a comparatively easy matter to
put ou a campaign next spring so
thorough in its nature that by the
end of 1917 bur county can lie de
clared from under quaral ine.
We are publishing on this page
an article by Dr. Tail Butler re
produced from the Progressive
Farmer that gives the reasons that
first prompted him to begin a cam
paign for 'tick eradication even bc-
she drops off the cow, chnnot crawl fore the Federal Government lie-
far and usually lays her eggs with- gan the work. This is an interest-
in a foot or two from where she l ing and highly enlightening article
drops. She will not cross a ditch, land is well worth the careful read-
a'road or a fence with a rail or ! ing of every one.
board on the ground. | It is no argument at all to claim
0. That when tho mother tick l as some do that the cattle tick has
lays her eggs—1,500 to 4,000 ’ in j always been in Grady county and
number—she dies, her life work; that there is no need for his er-
having been completed.
7. That in suitable weather the
eggs hatch in about 20 days, but in
ndication. Conditions are con
stant !y changing and the very fact
that t he coming of the boll weevil
cooler weather it takes longer, and at this time makes it of double im-
At first, when il was suggested by
others, lie doubted that this could
lie done, as many pth&s have; but
, ld g et to work to study the prob- a co ^horsc or mule, but in.wint*r
lem. and soon became convinced ’
if the weather be coil enough they
will not hatch at all.
8. That when the young ticks
hatch they crawl up en the grass
and weeds and wait for a cow to
come along. They could crawl a
long way, for they have six legs
and a small body when young—'
they have eight legs later in life—
but their only chance to live and
reproduce their kind is to get onto
a cow. They can’t run fast enough
to catch a cow, so they climb up
the grass and weeds and wait for a
coiv to come along.
0. If a cow does not come along
in the course of time these young
ticks die, for they must get onto a
cow to live. In hot summer
weather they will * die in two or
three months,'if they do not get on
that it could be done and.then pro
ceeded to demonstrate it, by clear
ing ton counties and parts of sev
eral others, before the United
States Department of Agriculture
began its work of tick eradication
in cooperation with the states.
weather they'will get under the
grass and leaves and live for much
longer.
10. The ticks that get on to
cattle complete tileir development
in about four weeks in summer
although in wintef they may si in
o.i much longer. When their d
portanee that our county be freed
of the danger from tick fever in or
der that our farmers may with
some degree of safety invest their,
money in better grades of cattle.
There are so many reasons why,
it will bo to the advantage of
Grady county to be free of the
cattle tick that it would seem that
no argument would he needed to
make every citizen of the county
enthusiastically deter mined to help
rid tho county of him in the quick
cst possible time, but as there are
still some who believe that the
cost of tho work is greater limn
(lie benefit to be derived, we
would like to ask these to eon
sidsr this proposition. It you
have we will say four calves born
within the next five months, and
we will suppose that they are to
go among the ticks just ns they
have usually done. What will
those calves ho worth at the end of
next summer? As such things 'go
they will be hardly worth" more
than four to five dollars. Take
Sunie More About Ticks
The cattle tick lives on the’ out
side, Iml gets its living from the in
side.
If the cattle ticks blew as. hard
ns they suck, tick infested cattle
would look like ballons.
A tick-infested steer weighing
730 pounds was freed from cattle
ticks by dipping. In 2 months,
with the same kind of feed, it
gained 2S5 pounds. The owner
was then feeding the steer instead
of l lie ticks.
Ticks reduce the value of hides.
Hides that have been punctured
by ticks arc usually graded as No.
4 quality, while the same hides if
free from ticks would grade us No.
2. This depreciation averages
about 81.25 a hide.
A dairyman in a heavily infest
ed territors dipped his herd of 42
cattle; One week after dipping
the cows gave 10 gallons of milk a
day more than before. The milk
sold for 32 cents a gallon, 83.50
more per day from his herd. He
had begun to feed the cows in
stead of l he .ticks.-
Nine hundred and thirty-throe
counties were under quarantine on
July 1st, 1906, because of tlie
cattle tick. By September 1st,
191(5, the use of arsenical dipping
baths had cleaned the tick from
396 count ios and 3t parts of coun
ties.
The first Federal appropriation
for the eradication of tick fever
was 8S2,500 made available July
1, 1906. This appropriation bus
been increased from time to lime,
until 8632,400 of Federal funds is
made available for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1917.
Dip that tick.
Rid Grady of ticks.
Grow tick free cattle in Grady.
The tick free calf makes better
beef.
You cant stop the wheels of prog
ress, why should you waste your
energy clogging them up for awhile?
Grady county needs more and
better cattle. She will have these
just an soon as the tick is out of
the way.
Ten dollars added to the value
of every cow in Grady county is
not an extravagant estimate of the
advantage that will come to the
cows already in the county if tho
tick is eradicated.
With the present tendency to
increase the production both of
milk and beef cattle in the. county
there is just no estimating the to
tal benefit that will come 1 to the
county from tick eradication.
Tick eradication is no experiment.
Read the statement of Dr. Tail
Butler in this issue that he dared
up ten counties of the cattle tick
before the U. S. Government ever
began the work of eradication. In
every instance where it has been
tried it has proven so complete a
success that it is only a question of
a'comparatively short time when
the same four calves uuder tick | the entire south will have eradica-
free conditions and ^ve \vij! say ted this groat pest.
Home cured meat is the best on I
earth when well cured.
Let us help you cure your meat
properly.
Our Storage rooms are equipped for
caring for meats in such manner that
you can he assured of GOOD MEATS.
Our changes are only one cent per pound
per month.
Four to six weeks will absolutely place your meat
out of all danger.
‘•SAFETY FIRST”
Cairo Ice & Bottling Works
ME-
■■ $
■# a!
■m
CITY LAUNDRY
First class work of all kinds done promptly,
Satisfaction guaranteed. Give me a trial.
Parcel Post Packages Given Prompt Attention.
! will have China LHy Flowers to sell hexr October lor 28c cac%.
JOE LEE, Prop.
Sapp BuildingCornor Broad and Mill Sts,
CAIRO, CA.
To My Customers
Dr. J. E. Wright who is now occupying
mv office is authorized to collect and receipt
for all accounts due me.
Eugene Clower, M. D.
r
9 yftwV-arJar /as^i
■' — ,«r ii<|
| Rising Sun Flour jf
SELF-RISING AND READY PREPARED.
*j Made ofchoicest Soft Winter Wheat ^ J
Red Mill
Say RISING SUN to any good
grocer. You'll be pleased.
i
To Cairo and Grady County
HOUSEWIVES ■
Buy the Best and Save Money, Phone or
Tell Your Grocer to Send You
PRIDE of DENVER FLOUR
Best on the Market
Besides being best in quality it is cheaper
because it takes less lard than any other
you can buy.
TAKE NO SUBSTITUTE
’
m,