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i tit HENRY COUNTY WEEH./i VOL. XVII. FIIOFESSIOSAL VA KhS. j jSC. «. P. t’AJIPBIXI, dentist, MoDonouob Any ouc desiring work <ione cun *»c ac commodated either by calling on me in per <oll OP sdilrtßsing mo through the mails, ['emia cash, unless special arrangements are otherwise made. Geo W.Bbyan j W.T. Dickex. HKYAHf lUC'lil.V ATTORNEYS AT LAW, McDokoiksh, 'j*. Will practice in the counties composing the Flint Judicial Circuit,the Supreme Court of Georgia and the United States District Court. «P t3, - 1 y Ti J. BEA«AN. ATTORNEY AT LAW. McDonough, t>A. Will practice in all the Courts ot Georgia Special attention given to commercial an othercoUections. Will attendalltheCourts at Hampton regularly. Office upstairs over The Weekly office. ■yy A. BBOWA, * ATTORNEY AT LAW, McDonough, Ga. Will practice in all the counties compos ing the Flint Circuit, the Supreme Court ol Georgia and the United States District Court. janl-ly JT A. PEEPtSE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Hampton, Ga, Will practice in all the counties composing the Flint Judicial Circuit, the Supreme Court of Georgia and the District Court oi thr United States. Special and prompt atten tiongivento Collections, Oct 8, 1888 Jno. D. Stkwakt. j R.T. Daniel STKU’AIt’r A iUMIX, attorneys at law, Griffin, Ga. | Wit A 1.. I Vll. ATTORNEY AT LAW, Gate City Natioal Hank Building, Atlanta, Ga, Practices in the State and Federal Courts. p 1\ WEIIMH, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Fayetteville, Ga. Will practice in all the State and Feder al courts. Collections a specialty, and prompt attention given to all business en trusted to me. aa* . THE East Tenn. Virginia & Ga. R’Y. IS THE ONLY SHORT AND DIRECT LINE TO TIIE NORTH, SOUTH, EAST AND WEST, PULLMAN'S FINEST VES TIBULE SLEEPERS B ET W E B N ATLANTA & KNOXVILLE MACON & CHATTANOOGA BRUNSWICK & ATLANTA UnllOllT l'H.% SL Direct Connections at Chat- TANOOGA WITH THROUGH TRAINS AND PULLMAN SLEEP ERS TO Memphis and the West, at Knoxville will. Pullman Sleepers lor WASHINGTON, PHILADELPHIA, AND NEW YORK. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS, B,W. WRENN, CHAS. N. KICHT Oen’l. Ag‘., A. <?. I*. A. KNOXVILLE. ATLANTA Georgia JfiitHaint & iiiiilf K, R. SOUTH. Leave McDonough 7:00 a. m. Arrive Greenwood 7/27 “ “ Loud la 7:25 “ “ Griffin 8:05 “ north . . "* ;uu P« “*• Leave Griffin Arrive Loud la 4:40 “ “ Greenwood 4:48 “ “ McDonough 5:05 “ M. E GRAY, Sup’t. TIT / 1 L l T> 1 f cures scratch on JVI liLi' 1 jXidi horses, mange on dogs with one or two applications. sale by D. J. Sanders. A CTEJBUI A dr. taft*B asthmalene I nm A-AiiHrn »!!■•«, Wt»: ' 1 UUlibi# rTLhPOCP THE SB. TAFT BSSS. M. CC. I 3SCHfcST£a,N.Y.r K fcfc. COMMA SLONESI MSBLTTS Monthly Talk With the Farmers of Georgia. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Jiov. 1, 1893. The month of October, on the whole, lias been most favorable for gathering the crops of corn and cotton, and the farmers have shown great energy and care in placing the fleecy staple beyond the reach of injury from unfavorable weather. Throughout the state the yield is the poorest in ten years. Today the fields are almost bare, nothing in the plants to mature. In other words, the crop is gathered for this season, and the results are most unsatisfactory. There has not been in years a season in which the ab sence of favorable climate and soil con ditions has been more conspicuously marked. Where the proper preparations were made in time and the soil had, even in moderate quantities, the requisite ele ments for plantjgrowth, and where en ergy and sound judgment have charac terized the planting and subsequent cul tivation, the yield is, notwithstanding adverse seasons, fairly good. But where there was late planting, light manuring, or no manuring at all, and where the cultivation was slow and im perfect, the yield is the poorest I have ever known. The experience of the past twenty r -five years should convince every farmer, who was allured by the high prices of cotton directly after the war into fol lowing the “one-crop" system, that an agricultural people never made a greater mistake than in staking their all on a single issue* The making of these suc cessive crops has cost not only vast sums of borrowed money', but has consumed time and talent and energy, and worn out a soil that once possessed every' ele ment for producing, in abundance, all the crops suited to our climate and sec tion. I have been forcibly, indeed pain fully, impressed the past season with the undeniable fact that most of our surface soil is lost to us forever, and. even in more favored sections, where the lands are level, the manifest decline, in both plant growth and y'ield. are so marked as to cause grave apprehension for the future success of our agriculture. This depleting, wearing out system cannot continue indefinitely, the end must come ere many y'ears roll around, mid then what are we to do? We have had all the teams and every farm appli fincs pulling everything down hill since the war, we have nearly reached the bottom, and what then? Can you show me any section of the state where the farms have been made richer and more productive ? Of course there are in dividual exceptions, and where y T ou find those exceptions you generally find plenty of home supplies and prosperity. But as a rule the answer to this ques tion must be unfavorable. The truth is our farms are growing poorer with each succeeding crop. We all realize that it is much easier to exhaust and tear down than to reclaim and build up these old fields. But they can be reclaimed, and we owe it to ourselves, to our children to set about the task. It is estimated that only abont 5 per cent. of those engaged in trade ever ac cumulate wealth, quite a large number succeed in gaining a comfortable sup port, but many in all occupations from various causes, often from lack of en ergy or proper business qualifications, fail of their object, and these become the chronic grumblers and fault-finders in every community, and attribute to bad laws and unfavorable seasons tho misfortunes and disappointments which have fallen to their lot. The successful farmer must be a man of energy and tact, wide awake and ever ready to take on any information regarding hi work. He is not a grum bler, but bravely meets and grapples with every difficulty in his path to suc cess. He secures pleasure as well as in dependence from his chosen occupation. He recognizes the fact that the limit of production in this country has never been reached—that we are years behind the ftiriners of many European coun tries. These people, from necessity, their dense population forcing them to the most extraordinary efforts to gain a livelihood, have learned to exercise the greatest care in saving every element of plant food; in concentrating their work: in adopting the most advanced and in telligent systems of farming. They have learned the lesson which we are just beginning to study—that is, how to reap the largest and most profitable yield from the smallest area. These thoughtful, busy workers are demon strating that, even under continuous cultivation, lands can be worked at a profit and at the same time kept up to a high degree of productiveness. To realize the utter absurdity and hopelessness of continuing to cultivate land in the same crop without rest or change, one needs only to ride over this state and examine the yield on these fields, which have been devoted to cot ton year after year. To a thoughtful mind the sight is a most depressing one. We generally occupy the position which we make for ourselves, and we cannot reasonably hope to fill a higher one. The farmer who allows his lands to “run down” year after year and then expects to realize an independence from them, is making the grand mistake of his life. It is the man and not the farm that determines its value. It is true that there is a difference in location, climate and nature of soil, but there is a wider difference in the men who use these conditions. Professor Brewer well illustrates this idea by a case which came under his own observation. A neighbor bought a farm for S3O an acre. He so improved it that in three years he was offered *3OO an acre for it. At his death it sold for $250 an acre. In a few years the purchaser sold it for SIOO an acre to a man who finally disposed of it for sl2 an acre. In our favored climate nature holds out to us every encouragement. Let us read and think for ourselves. Let us emulate the example of our more pro gressive and successful neighbor. There fa plenty of room at the top of the lad der, only crowding and disappointment at the bottom. Let us struggle * ‘higher up,” where comfort and abundance await us. R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner. General Remurks. Since the October report was issued we have had plenty of sunshine and warm weather for harvesting crops over nearly the entire state. Farmers have availed themselves of the fine oppor tunity and gathering has progressed rapidly. In the southern portion of the state cotton picking is far advanced, mcdonougii, ga., Friday. November is, 1802. and with a few more weeks of fine weather the entire crop will be gathered. In middle Georgia cotton is nearly all opened and \ icked, and in northern Georgia much of the crop is out. Corn gathering and the housing of peas has continued rapidly through the fine weather, and a great part of the work is completed. COTTON. While the fine weather has been fa vorable to cotton picking, yet the entire absence of moisture has not been with out its injurious effects. With oc casional showers the small top crop would have matured, whereas by the dry', warm weather, small bolls have been forced open prematurely. The lint from such bolls is very tight, and in ginning goes largely to motes. From a careful consideration of reports and personal observation of the condition of the crop in a part of the state, we feel safe in sayung that the crop for this year will not be more than 65 per cent, of that of last year. These figures take into consideration not only the small yield per acre, but also the reduction in acreage. CORN. The corn crop of this year is the largest made in the state for a number of years. While the crop of last year probably in the northern part of the state exceeded in the yield per acre, yet. considering the increased acreage and the yield in other portions of the state, the department regards this as the largest crop during the past decade. GRAIN. The sowing of wheat and oats has been retarded by the dry weather, but we trust that the farmers will put in larger crops of small grain than hereto fore. The fall is the proper time to begin to prepare for a decreased acreage in cotton, and for bringing up land by diversified farming. Let those who have undertaken to renovate their lauds and to make their farms self-sustaining continue in their efforts, in this the right direction. The advance made in the price of cotton leads to the hope of higher prices, but let it be always re membered that if a better price is to be obtained that the acreage must be re duced and the size or the crop di minished. Over-production will always result in a depression of the market, and living prices cannot be expected where a surplus remains on hand. WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT. Perhaps more than any other depart ment of state the agricultural depart ment has been confronted with opposi tion. In many instances this opposition grows out of 'he fact that the work of the department is not thoroughly under stood in other cases out of the idea, that supported by taxation the exjienditures exceed the benefits conferred on the people. It is true that a part of the fund that supports this department is derived from the general fund, but such is only the case because a great part of the fees collected through the agency of the department go to the school fund. In the biannual report of the depart ment to the governor the gratifying result was shown that the fees collected from inspections that come under the supervision of the department were more than ample to meet every expendi ture for the entire department in all its branches, with a balance in favor of the state of over $3,000. The season from which thece figures were taken was an unusually small one as regards the business done in commercial fertilizers, and is a conservative estimate to place the amount that will be unusually de rived above all expenditures at SIO,OOO. During 1891-93 the change in the law in regard to the fees of inspectors of oils was not in full force, and an increase from this source can be reasonably ex pected. SUPERVISION OF INSPECTION. Two classes of inspection are under the direct control and supervision of the department and the benefits derived from these inspections perhaps presents the work of the department in its most tangible form. The inspection and analysis of fertilizers we regard as of the most vital importance to the farmers for whose benefit the department was especially ere ited. The history of the fertilizer bus less, prior to the inspection system, shov its immense benefits. In the courts of nearly every county where fertilizers were used were found cases where farmers, deriving no benefit from the goods purchased, were contesting at a great disadvantage the worth of the goods. The following from the report of the commissioner to the governor gives briefly the law on the subject of fer tilizer inspection, with seme other mat ters of importance to the department. The Inspection of Fertilizer. The imperative necessity for laws governing the inspection of fertilizers has been recognized by the legislative bodies of nearly all the states. The first law passed on ttiis subject in Geor gia was in 1868. Being of an experi mental character it was inadequate to protest against various frauds that might be sought to be perpetrated, and so framed that the subsequent large business that developed would have afforded immense revenue to the offi cials executing the law. Under this law the inspector, or party drawing the sample, was at the same time the chem ist making the analysis. It was the duty of these officers when requested to inspect fertilizers at any point within the state, and to furnish certificates of such inspection. It made unlawful for any person to sell fertilizers without such certificate of inspection, for mak ing which the inspector received fifty cents a ton. The act creating this sys tem provided for no general super vision of the work of the inspec tors, each being an independent officer in that section of the state in which he i was located. Naturally, therefore, when the act of 1874, creating the de- Eartment of agriculture, was passed the ead of this department was placed in charge of all inspections. The use of fertilizers rapidly increasing the neces sity for a change in the law became ap parent, and to meet this the act of 1877 was passed. Could this law have been bo executed as to have each shipment inspected the protection would have been ample, but the consumption be came so large that inspections in bulk were made to facilitate business. These inspections afforded no sufficient pro tection, as the goods remaining in the hands of the manufacturer after the sample was drawn were subject to sub sequent adulteration and manipulation, in which event the analysis of the sam ple would no represent the goods sold. Recognizing this when I came into office I endeavored to avoid this class of in rtions by passing an order directing inspections to be made after the goods were sacked and ready for ship- ment. With the forog at the command of the department it was found impos sible to make all inspections in this way, and that inspections iu bulk were una voidable that the business might be con ducted without delay. Realizing the insufficiency of those inspections I presented a bill to the last gen eral assembly which made a radical change in the system. This bill became the law and does, 1 believe, furnish a pei feet protection against any ordinary effort to place spurions goods on the market and renders any class of fraud almost certain of detection. Already, under its operation, honest errors niaue by manufacturers in sacking goods have been discovered and the mistakes recti fied to the advantage of the farmers. The provisions of the new law are Buch that the manufacturer or dealer who sells goods below the state standard, places himself in danger of rendering void all transactions fowtbe year, and of having the state prohibited for subse quent sales. The oj«gofi unities and chances for detection are so great that no dealer or manufacturer would risk the great loss entailed by discovery of illegitimate sales for the sake of the benefits that would bo derived from fraudulent transactions. That act totally abolishes all inspections in bulk, and ail inspections are made After the goods leave the hands of the manufacturer or dealer. Briefly stated, it provides that all manufacturers or dealers must regis ter the guaranteed analysis of the brand of a fertilizer they sell or propose to offer for sale. This guarantee is placed on record in the office and is also branded on the sack, that purchasers may ascertain without difficulty the standard up to which the goods must come. In order to maintain n higli standard, the law also requires all am moniated goods to contain two per cent, of ammonia, with a total of eight per cent, of available phosphoric acid and potash. To give further protection, anil to better enable purchasers by name and without reference to the guarantee to know something of the goods pur chased, I passed an order, under the power conferred by the bill, requiring all fertilizers offered for registration, inspection or sale branded as either of the following : Ammnniated Super phosphate, Ammouiated Dissolved Bone, Ammoniated Guano, Guano, Fertilizer, or in other words, implying that the same is an ammoniated superphosphate. The guaranteed analysis must claim that it contains not less than two per cent, of ammonia (actual or potential). After registration the manufacturer or dealer may order as many tags as ho sees proper, specifying upon what brand or brands they are to lie used. Thes tags are now, more properly speaking, registration tags, as they do not signify that the fertilizer has been actually sampled, but only that the conditions precedent to selling or offering for sale have been complied with. When the salos are made it is the duty of tho manufacturer to notify the department of the number of tons, the name of the consignee and where shipped. A failure, on the part of manufacttiuV 1 'qjjka..uj*| with these oondrKbns - %r'?i®'- : "- absolutely void. The inspectors are directed where to make inspections, as each sale is recorded in the office, They are also sent out on general trips through the territory assigned them, taking sam ples wherever found and reporting to tlie department tho name of tho brands, with tho guaranteed analysis found on the sack. While samples are not taken from every shipment, tho fact that a large number are drawn in every part of the state, and the inability of the manufacturer to tell from what samples analysis will lie mado, upon which de pends his future business in the state and his collections, furnishes, we be lieve, a perfect safeguard. In regard to the price of fertilizers in the state, it is gratifying to report Unit our farmers are able to purchase at as email oost as in any state in the union Our tonnage tax is so low as not to be considered in matring the selling price, which was not the case while the tax remained at fifty sents per ton. While the tax is only ten cents per ton, it will be seen by the receipts from this source that a sufficient sum is raised to main tain the entire inspection system, and without taxation, protect our farmers from many frauds and impositions. Did the manufacturers add ten cents to every ton of goods sold, which they do not, the farmer could well afford to pay this small fee to insure him against adul terated and spurious goods, and secure for him a service that would otherwise cost him from ten to fifteen dollars. So firmly am I convinced of the necessity of a thorough system of inspection that, were it necessary to support it by gen eral taxation, I believe the state would be compensated by the amount saved from burdensome litigation that would result did no such system exist. How ever, the present tonnage tax lias proven far better than any other method and, supporting itself, adds several thousand dollars annually to the school fund of the state. GLANDERS. As your Excellency is aware, through the Executive Department, and direct to this department, many complaints have been made by letter, and in cases of alarm, lw telegram, of glanders among stock in the state. Our laws make no provision for such cases, and through your Excellency I would re spectfully call the attention of the General Assembly to the necessity of ! providing some means to suppress and ! prevent the spread of this Ibath-ome , disease, without deeming it proper in ! this report to suggest the method. Win n ■it has been within the power of the do ■ partraent, without too great an ex penditure, cases have been investigated, but with no power to act beyond the investigation, and with no means at the command of the department, except what has been saved from the general fnnd appropriated to the department by economy in other directions, 1 feel that the department is unequipped to handle the matter and to prevent the spread of the disease now in its infancy, and. in case of an emergency, to do what would be necessary to prevent a disastrou d - struction of our stock. So far. a Wil lingness on the part of those who own diseased animals to destroy them for the benefit of the community has been shown; but should the owner of one affected animal conclude not to permit it to be killed, it is difficult to say to what extent the disease might spread. At the last session of the general as sembly, Mr. Chappell, from Laurens county, introduced a bill providing for compensation when glandered stock was killed; but that measure did not meet with the approval of a majority of the house, and failed to par-. Competent veterinarian surgeons are of the opin ion that nearly, if not all, the cases found in the state are brought iu by Texas stock, nnd, maintaining this vie-jr, a number of states have enacted quarantine regulations against s’uch stock, requiring its inspection. The fact that this disease not only destroys stock, but also endangers human life, to my mind furnishes sufficient argument why legislative action of some charac ter should be taken. Again, chronic cases of glanders may remain in a com munity for months, spreading many cases of the disease in its acute form without its source being discovered. Such conditions evidently demand an investigation by a surgeon who thor oughly understands his work. EXPERIMENT STATION. In many quarters complaints have been made against the station on the ground that the expenditures were too great for the amount of good done. These complaints are generally based on the supposition that the fund that sup ports tho station is appropriated by the state, when, in fact, it is derived from the general government, and it does not appear to me reasonable that any part of our people should wish not to receive, or permit the farmers to re ceive, the benefit from an appropriation made by the United States. As re quired by law, the essential part of the work of the station has been reproduced in the reports of this department. That many of these experiments are valuable there can bo no doubt, if the results of systematic culture and fertilization of various characters are of any benefit to the farmer, That many are unable to avil themselves of the benefit < f the experiment is doubtless true, but the lessons taught remain the same. The commissioner of agriculture is ex officio chairman of the hoard of directors of the station. The board, which is ap pointed by your excellency, is made up of successful farmers from each con gressional district in tho state. Tho efforts of these gentlemen have been to make the station beneficial to every class of farmers, and to illustrate to our farmers what can be done in certain branches of agriculture. As the head of the department, my voice in tho affairs of the station is only impera tive in case of a disagreement resulting in a tie between the other directors, but the present policy of conducting the station lias been agreed upon after gen eral consultation among the directors. The establishment of a dairy and the ex periments in obaceo I especially advo cated, as tending to show the capabili ties of Georgia outside of our previous agricultural policy. The line now being pursued will, I believe, result in great benefit, and I hope our farmers will en deavor to profit by the experience of the farm established for their benefit. A word in this report as to tho way in which the station was established may not he amiss. The land was do nated by the people of Spending county, and the state has appropriated $15,000, expended principally for improvements of a permanent character, as the government appropriation permits only a small portion of its annual appropria tion to be used for that purpose. Tlie ||en-thousand „ dollars came out of tho TeesanYThg trom the inspection of ferti lizers. and so was no addition to tho general tax. Tlie station is operated and maintained by $15,000 annually set aside by congress for that purpose. INSPECTION OF OILS. The change in the law in regard to tho fees of oil inspectors furnishes a source of revenue from these inspections. The object of the law is to prevent the sale of oil and other explosive substances of so low a grade that life and property would he endangered. In addition to this the department has been able to secure oil of a better burning quality where poor oil has been shipped m the state. SEED. The object and aim of the department in sending out seed is not as some sup pose, simply to furnish seed for ordi nary farm and garden purposes, hut to encourage the use of well selected seed, test the value of different varieties, direct the attention of the farmers to other branches of agriculture, so that whether certain crops can be grown profitably can be ascertained, and to introduce seed that have been tested and found of superior value. LITERATURE. The reports sent out by the one to give the farmers information, not only on tho condition of the crops and the prospect yield, but also such informa tion as will be useful on the farm, the department endeavors to make these reports timely and we would be glad to receive from farmers succinct reports of experiments or unusual results ob tained by certain methods of cultivation. At any and all times the department is willing to give any information at its command, or communicate with the department at Washington when neces sary to ascertain any matter about which there may bo an inquiry. It is our desire to make the department beneficial to the farmers outside of the supervisions of inspections, and by every means at our command to advance practical agriculture. In this work we ask the co-operation and support of the farmers of tlie state. Cheese Making In Georgia. BY IION. R. T. NESBITT, COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA. From the Southern Cultivator. On a recent visit to Griffin, while at tending the meeting of tho board of directors of the experiment station, I was very much interested in examining into the details of the cheese-making experiment now being tried there. This industry has never been thoroughly tested in Georgia. Indeed, it has been supposed heretofore that the difficulties, climatic and otherwise, here surround ing successful and profitable cheese making, wer- t<i numerous to be < j ’ • overcome. But a careful review ~! those difficulties, and a somewhat ex tended! miy of the farm experiment, has convinced me that the beginning of this industry will open another source of income to our farmers, and its liene lits will b felt, not only in the actual cash it may bring in, but in the improve ment of on? stock and lands as well. The establishment of cheese factories and creameries in every neighborhood where they can lie supported means a steady and reliable market for milk, much of which is now wasted. It also limans more and better stock, and in the natural sequence of farm economy there follows more green crops, more and bet ter home manure, and, crowning ad vantage of all, improved and improving lands. The arrangement#for a cheese factory, unlike some other of the smaller indus tries, do not require any considerable outlay of capital, and while neatness and care are essential, the conditions Highest of all in Leavening Power.—Latest U S. Gov’t Report. IVafeJ Baking .1. J&S3Z&® Powder PURE aro such that cheese of excellent qual ity can be successfully made at far less risk than where the milk is sent any distance to market, or where butter is the product. In the first case, that is where the milk is marketed at any dis tance, there is the danger of souring, particularly in mid summer. In the second, that is, where the product is to bo butter, the variations of the cream as to quality and quantity, owing some times to weather conditions, or other circumstances equally beyond control, often cause disappointment. In k ceil ing cows for cheese-making, the factory being established, the farmer sells milk at so much the pound, which is returned to him either in money or cheese. The price is fixed; the market is at his door; nis only care is to produce the milk in sufficient quantities to pay him for tlie outlay. This being done lie lias not only added to his income, but lias an other wholesome ami nutritious items among his family supplies. In almost every thickly settled neighborhood, one of the factories might be started on tho co-operative plan, several farmers com bining, and one of tlioir number thor oughly posting himself in all the neces sary details of the work. At the Ex periment station the factory is in daily operation, and any one wishing instruc tion will be welcomed and given every facility for learning tho business. There is nothing complicated in the process, and any man or woman of ordinary in telligence can, in thirty days, learn everything necessary for carrying on tho work. To give some idea or tlie re quirements I quote from some notes which were kindly furnished mo by Captain Redding, the director, in re sponse to some questions which I had asked. I also give his letter, bearing directly on this subject: Experiment, Ga., Aug. 27, 1892. Hon. R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.: Mv Dear Slit—lu response to yours of the 25th, I enclose "Notes on Cheese making in Georgia,” which you may find useful. You may add that the cheese made the present summer at the station dairy has been iu great request, selling readily at the dairy at 15 cents per pound—tho whole cheese. Wherever it has been tested it lias given satisfaction. Mr. Wing says that the conditions here in Georgia for chebSetnaklhg. an’ more favorable than in Ohio, where h" has been making cheese all his life. Very truly, R. J. Redding, Director. NOTES ON CHEESE-MAKING IN GEORGIA. 1. Character and cost of buildin g : Any cheap outbuilding, or more shod, will answer all purpoies for milking cheese. It is only neco-nary to ho dry and comfort able for tho operator. But the curing room should he tight and close, yet capable of ventilation. A good Bxlo pantry, or storeroom, such as may lie found in most well-built farm houses, would answer. 2. Fixtures, machinery, etc.: A cheese vat, consisting of a wooden box lined w : th tin, with a small fur nace underneath; a press with one or more screws similar to a cider-press screw; a few tin cheese hoops of differ ent sizes; curd knives, strainers, dipper and a thermometer. The entire outfit for a dairy of twenty-live cows will cost less than SIOO. 8. Tho process of cheesemaking is, briefly, as follows: The night’s milk iH kept in a cool place until morning, when il is mixed with the morning's milk and all poured into the cheese vat and heated up to a temperature of eighty-four degrees. A small quantity of prepared rennet (ren netine) is then added and the milk is constantly but gently stirred (to prevent the cream from rising) until it com mences to thicken. In about forty min utes the milk will become solid, it cur dles (you would call it clabber, or sweet curds). When tho curd has become pretty firm it is cut into small cubes— about the size and shape of dice—by means of the curd knives, which is done in a few moments. The heat is then in creased until the curds show a tempera ture of ninety-six to ninety-eight de crees by the thermometer. This heating is to cause the pieces of curd to con tract, thereby expelling the whey. The whey is then drained away, and is used to feed pigs, young calves, etc., being fattening food. The curd is now salted at the rate of one half ounce of salt to the pound of curd, and the latter is enclos'd in a press cloth and put into the cheese hoop and pressed until the whey is all ex pelled, which will lit; in about twenty minutes. The cheese is now removed from the press hoop, the press doth re- I moved, and the permanent cloth “bun ! dage” put on, and then returned to tho hoops and press, where it is pro ■•■) with j the full force of the press screw and a three-foot lever —the firmer tl"' better. Tho cheese usually remain; in the press until next day, or say i ighh-en hours, when it is marked with date of making and placed on a shelf in the cur ling room to De turned over every day and robbed with the hand. The curing room should T «e kept at about ttio tem perature of seventy or seventy-five de grees by opening window t and doors at .jgnt and closing up duri •; the day. The cheese will be ready for use in from three weeks to several months, as may bo determined by tho maker during the process of making. 4. in the south the months of March, April, May, June, August, September and Octolier are the lest cheese making months, but cheese may Is; made at any season. Usually cheese is made in Spring, summer and fall, and butter in winter, because butter-making requires a cool temperature which cannot be se cured in summer without the aid of ice 1 —which is too expensive and incon venient. 5. How to dispose of milk when not made into cheese: It is generally more profitable to sell milk than either butter or cheese; but milk will keep only a few hours, and cannot be seut long distances. There fore the milk market is easily glutted. Butter-making is the better way where a large number of cows is Kept anu me - 1 ivot nuaxtla for juilil r> CENTS A COPY. Generally cheese-making win oe more profitable tlmu either wtien ODerating with a good sized herd. (t. In Georgia nine and one-half pounds of milk are required to make one pound of cured cheese. 7. As liefore stated the cnrds may be manipulated as to make a long keeping or short keeping cheese —say from three to four weeks to six months may inter vene between making and marketing, according to the will of the maker. When a cheese becomes ripe, or ready for eating, and it is desired to hold it for a hotter market, it must be kept in a cool room—if summer time in “cold storage.” At the last meeting of the boqrd of directors of the Experiment Station, ft was determined that at the stato fair to Imj held in Macon in the coming Octo ber. the station cheese factory shall be in daily operation. Many persons who could not otherwise have an opportunity of witnessing the practical working ol Nuch a factory, can there study ever’/ item of labor, experience, etc. Thj held is open to any enterprising person and I trust such will take hold am make it remunerative to themselves am to the farmers. Every enterprise wliict opens new avenues of work and fur nishes fresh sources of income, is t blessing, and we need ull the help which such combinations may afford us. Thre< IlroeiU of Swine.* A recent bullotin issued by the Louiss iana Experiment Station gives tho folf lowing results of their experiments with three hreds of swine: There has been moro demand for red Jerseys than for either of tho other two. The Berkshire and Essex seem to he in about equal favor. The rod Jerseys are great consumers with rapid growth and full development in flesh and fat food consumed. They are hardy, good rust lers and prolific, raising as high as threo litters per annum. With an abundance of food they nro rapid pork makers. They are, however, omnivorous, and will eat a chicken, lamb or kid, when ever permitted. This is a serious ob jection to the small fanner and his good housewife. The Berkshire*) share with the red Jerseys many of their excellent qualities. They are excellent foragers, ami when crossed on the native give, perhaps, tks best range hog in tho world. They are hr ilhty and prolific, and fur nish the finest “marhleized" hams. For a general stock hog they can hardly lie surpassed. They, too, are inclined to he carnivorous, and should not l>o brought into tooAntlinate relations with young fowls, lannis and kids. Tho Es sex are emphatically lot hogs. They are slow and uncertain breeders. They are somewhat, sluggish, aiul always fat. They are gentle, kind and indisposed to extensive foraging. They can easily be made to weigh 150 to 250 pounds when one year old, a size admirably adapted to the table wants of a funner on a smalt scale. CAREFULLY CALCULATED. Notes Gathered front (tollable Sources mill C'omlensetl for Hurried Headers. The chances are good that Kansas will give 80,000 plurality for Weaver and Field electors. George Sontag, tho only one of the three California train robbers captured, has been convicted. W. W. Taylor, said to bo one of the most famous bunko stoerers iu the world, was arrested at Omaha. Tho Boston police raided a gang of counterfeiters who claim they have passed 80,000 bogus silver dollars iu that city. Monroe County, Alabama, has lynched the fifth negro within two weeks. Four were murderurs and the last was a fire bug. William Higleyman, formerly of Seda lla, but recently employed as a civil en gineer at Chicago, has mysteriously dis appeared from the latter city. The registration at New York gives reason for believing that the city will be so overwhelmingly Democratic that the state will be sure for Cleveland. lowa is registering an unusually heavy voting list, and as there are thousands of deserters from the Republican rntiks the state is reckoned sure for Cleveland. Thomas Hill, a cousin of the late Gen eral A. V. Hill of Confederate fame, died at New York from the effects of whisky, llis home was at Hillsborough, N. C. The steamer Puritan, on her trip to Long Island Sound, ran into a row boat containing four men. One was drowned and the other threo seriously injured. The first Russian steerage passenger to reach this country since the cholera quar antine arrived at New York on the Au choria from Glasgow. They are well, but will be detained. The Socialists at Chicago have adopted resolutions condemning the World’s Fair management for discriminating against labor, by closing on Sunday and ut 7 o’clock in the evening. The American Agriculturalist, New York, figures out the Unite 1 States wheat yield for 1892 at 494,434,000 bushels and the cotton crop at 0,500,000 bales oil an acreage of 10,044,000. Josepti Fournier, a saloonkeeper and politician of Toledo, 0., shot and fatally wounded James Coggins, a gambler. The trouble grew out of Coggins alleged inti macy with Fournier’s wife. At San Juan, Mexico, 10 brigands were looting a store when they were attacked by soldiers. Three robbers we re shot down and three captured, the others es caping with the plunder. Four soldiers were shot. Through the action of tax collectors iu Florida iu refusing to receive poll tax. and subsequent action of Governor Flem ing iu removing one of them, a contest is threatened which may result iu the rejec tion of Florida’s vote for presidential elec tors. Foreign Notes, The dowager queen of Wurtemberg is dead. Count Westerlo has been appointed minister for foreigu affairs in the Belgian cabinet. The cholera record for the whole of Holland shows two new cases and one death Sunday. Twelve new cases of cholera and four deaths were reported to the health officials of Buda Pesth Sunday. James Rogers, a New York merchant, fell downstairs iu the hotel. Imperial at Edinburgh and was killed.