Newspaper Page Text
Thursday, February 9, 1961
Old Lands And New People
By Dr. Irvine S. Ingram
(Editor's Note: Dr. Ingram,
president emeritus of West
Georgia College, Carrollton, is
on a 3 1/2 month journey
around the world. This is one
of a series of reports he is
making concerning his journey
cf understanding and observa
tion.)
• * * *
ISTANBUL, TURKEY —We
came to Istanbul this week. In
my long-ago studies of geora
phy I knew this city as Con
stantinople, the capital of the
Ottoman Empire. Predating this
was the Byzantine Empire and
others.
Christianity seemed to have
prevailed in those days'. One
date of importance is that of
1453 when Constantinople was
conquered by a young man of
21 years of age known as Mo
hammed, the Seventh Sultan of
the Empire. The seat of Christ
ianity fell, and great libraries
were destroyed.
The Santa Sophia, a Christ
ian cathedral, now a museum,
is one thousand years older
than Saint Peter’s Cathedral
in Rome. Despite the coming
of the Moslems, Turkey is rich
in Christian history. It was at
Iznik, Turkey, that the Iznik
Council formulated the creed
of Christianity.
The Turks have always been
known as brave fighters.
Though their empire, which at
one time covered vast space
both in Europe, Africa and
Asia, is just slightly larger
than our state of Texas, and
has a relatively small popula
tion of 25 million, these proud
people are unafraid.
For example, this country
controls the Bosporus Strait
which joins the Black Sea with
the Mediterranean Sea. The
Black Sea, a moderately salty
sea, is internationalional water.
Russia borders the north and a
portion of the east side. Rus
sia has always wanted to con
trol this strait in order to get
her warships and submarines
into the Mediterranean and
hence into the Atlantic. Brave
little Turkey says no. It has
the eastern side of the strait
highly fortified and mined. To
pass through, ships must take
a ziz-zagging course under the
guidance of a pilot.
This is one of the most stra
tegic and most highly forti
fied places in the world. Os
course the Turks know that
Russia with its 200 million or
more people could take over
Turkey. However, this does not
scare or deter them. The fact
is the Turks hate the Russians
with a passion.
While only five per cent of
the Turkish territory is in Eu
rope and ninety per cent of the
territory is in Asia, the Turks
want to be classified as Euro
peans. They like the West de
spite their heritage. The West
is fortunate to have them as
Allies.
Modern Turkey dates from
1923 when a General of the
Army led a revolution which
overthrew the old order. This
leader was Ata t u rk, now
known as the Father of the
Republic of Turkey. By de
crees, Atanturk outlawed the
fez for men and the veil for
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HIGH ALTITUDE MISSILE INTERCEPT—thing Improved radon, the US Army** NIKE-HERCULES on
September 14, destroyed another missile of the same type at White Sands Missile Range, New
Mexico, at an altitude of about 19 miles above the earth. The second NIKE-HERCULES was used
Io provide a target of high performance and is port of the Army's progressive program to test the
eystem capability of the NIKE-HERCULES, the most advanced surface-to air missile with which
United States Army Air Defense Command units of the North American Air Defense Command are
•rmed. Only the killer missile was set to detonate at intercept. They aproached each other at a
•ombined speed seven times faster than sound.
(Our Advertisers Are Assured Os Results)
women. He was president of
Turkey for 15 years and ac
complished much with his pro
gram of modernization.
The first republic lasted un
til May 27, 1960. when it was
overthrown by the Army un
der the leadership of General
Cemel Gursel.
The people of acquaintance
here as well as others whom I
have met while here say that
ex-Premier Menderes, and the
ex-president, have gone the
way of many leaders of state;
namely, they have been guilty
of graft and corruption. The
people who know seem bitter
and disappointed. These two
men are on trial for their lives.
It seems evident that they will
receive the death sentence.
Some outsiders doubt that the
trial court is unbiased. Time
will tell.
In the meantime. General
Gursel with an original com
mittee of 37 is running the gov
ernment of Turkey. These men
declared originally that in six
months a plebiscite would be
called and the second repub
lic established. Some days ago,
fourteen of the original 37
made a statement that six
months was not long enough
—that the committee should
rule four years. For this act,
these fourteen members were
placed under house arrest. The
committee contends they are
to remain there until the re
public is established.
A new constitution is now
being prepared by the scholar
ly professors of the University
whom the people seem to sup
port fully.
In my judgment Turkey will
work out its problems. The
people, as far as I can learn,
want a government of integri
ty. My old professor at Chica
go said on several occasions
that it is hard to keep the
politicians from stealing the
government. This I won’t let
myself believe, yet, too often
it is true.
The Turks believe that they
could solve the problems of the
kind of government which
would lead the world to a good
life. They say America is too
far advanced in its way of life
' for the people of the world to
emulate. They contend that the
Russian or Red Chinese way of
life, better described as col
lectivism, will not work with
out an authoritarian type of
government. They contend that
no one is happy in collectivism,
' not even the animals. Collectiv
■ ism is for the machine, not for
■ human beings.
So, these people recommend
the Turkish Plan, which is not
' too democratic or authoritar
ian.
The weakness of the dem
ocratic plan, my professor-ad
viser says, is that the majority
of the people of the world,
those of Asia, Africa, and the
; like, cannot understand de
mocracy and will not be able
to understand it for years to
■ come. And, he continued, these
i people will not be happy with
: communism. They may accept
■ it —to eat. But they don’t want
f it.
I was delighted to hear this
i Turk scholar and traveler talk.
Farmers Urged
To Protect
Allotments
In order for farmers to pro
tect their 1962 cotton history
acreage and allotment there are
certain things they will have to
do in the year 1961, according
to John F. Bradley, Adminis
trative Officer of the Agricul
tural Stabilization and Conser
vation State Office.
Farm cotton allotments will
be reduced where the farmer
fails to plant at least 75 per
cent of his allotment or where
he fails to release his allot
ment in 1961 to the ASC Coun
ty Committee. For farmers who
plan to plant their allotment,
no action is needed. However,
where the farmer knows that
he will not plant 75 percent
of his allotment, he can help
himself and at the same time
help other farmers in the coun
ty by releasing this allotment
for reapportionment. If the cot
ton allotment is released to the
county committee, this preser
ves not only the individual
farmer’s 1961 planting history,
but the planting history of the
county and the State, this pre
vents loss of allotment to in
dividual counties and to t h e
State of Georgia.
Bradley urged farmers who
know now that they are not
going to plant their allotment
in 1961 to visit the local ASC
county office and preserve their
history by releasing their al
lotment for use by other far
mers within the county. The
deadline date by which the
County Committee may accept
this released acreage is March
10. 1961.
Cotton farmers must meet
certain requirements in 1961 in
order to fully protect the allot
ment for their farms in 1962.
Acreage in the Conservation
Reserve Program of the Soil
Bank at the regular rate will
be considered as land planted
to allotment crops for the
purpose of meeting the above
reouirements.
Bradley stressed that if far
mers do not meet these require
ments their cotton allotment
will be subject to reduction of
un to 50 percent in 1962. Each
ASC County Committee will
complete the reapportionment
of released cotton allotments
available in their county to
other farms in the county by
March 24. 1961, and mail al
lotment notices to the operator
immediately thereafter.
Cotton farmers are caution
ed to see the ASC county of
fice if they do not plan to
plant cotton in 1961. Otherwise,
the farm’s, the county’s and
the State’s history acreage may
be affected.
MOST COTTON PICKIN’
MACHINES
Colquitt County, deep in the
cotton producing section of
southcentral Georgia, had the
largest number of mechanical
cotton pickers in operation of
any Georgia county last year.
Agricultural Engineer H. B.
Goolsby of the University of
Georgia Cooperative Extension
service reports Colquitt farm
ers had 110 pickers, compared
with 57 in 1959.
THE COVINGTON NEWS
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KRAFT SALAD DRESSING nr? preserves ,
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