Newspaper Page Text
County Agents Column
By Ed Hunt
Oats for Grazing
It's time to be thinking about
planting oats for winter grazing.
In this area oats for grazing
should be planted around Septem
ber 1.
The correct rate of seeding of
oats for grazing is four bushels
per acre. This is double the
amount recommended for grain i
production.
Meet lime requirements of the
soil and a general recommendation
for fertilizer is 400 to 600 pounds
of 6-12-12 or 5-10-15. To determine
the correct amount and analysis
take a soil test. This test will also
tell you if the soil needs liming.
Topdressing require me n t of
oats is 80 to 100 pounds of actual
nitrogen.
Make sure you plant a recom
mended variety for this area, and
that the seed are treated and cer
tified.
My office can give you the cor
rect variety for this area as well
as other information on oats for
winter grazing.
Defoliation Coverage
If you plan to defoliate your
cotton plants this year, you must
consider the proper coverage.
Defoliant must be deposited on
each leaf to get good leaf-drop.
Coverage is of extreme impor
tance, especially in tall, dense
plants.
If you use ground equipment
good spray coverage requires 15
to 35 gallons of solution per acre.
You may use shields or fenders to
protect the crop from damage by
the machine.
Make sure the adjustments are
calibrated to the correct measure
in order to do a good job.
Airplanes may be used to defo
liate, and they should be flown
about 10 to 15 feet above the plants
and cover not over 10 to 12 rows ;
per swath.
On normal cotton satisfactory
spray coverage by airplane can
be achieved with five to 10 gal- ;
ions of total spray per acre.
Forest Management
Sixty-nine percent of the land
area of Georgia is in forests.
Common sense will tell you that
the management of this large por
tion is sure to affect the economy
of Georgia and of Newton County.
Experts tell us that the forest
are only producing slightly over
one-half their capacity. The lar
gest increase in capacity could be
Bulk Feed Bins
Save Money, But
Present Problems
Tn an effort to reduce feed
costs, most Georgia poultrymen
use bulk feed bins in their
operations. Bulk bins have re
sulted in tremendous savings,
but they must be managed
properly to prevent costly
problems.
That’s the opinion of Jerry
Cox of the Cooperative Exten
sion Service poultry depart
ment, University of Georgia.
Discussing some of the prob
lems that can arise, Mr. Cox
said condensation may cause
feed to stick in bulk bins, re
sulting in the growth of molds.
Mr. Cox recommended
checking ’all bulk feed bins
carefully to see if feed is stick
ing to the sides. He explained
that several toxic factors may
be found in molded feed, and
added that such feed should
not be fed to chickens.
“The small saving from feed
ing molded feed is greatly off
set by the possibility of causing
a disease outbreak in the
flock,” he declared.
Another problem with bulk
bins is difficulty in determin
ing feed intake by birds. Mr.
Cox said feed consumption re
cords are important and ne
cessary in evaluating the suc
cess of the management pro
gram.
Feed records are not always
kept, especially where bulk
bins are used. Mr. Cox feels
“this is a mistake, since feed
consumption often is the first
clue to trouble in a poultry
flock.”
He suggested that feed bins
be calibrated so accurate esti
mates of feed used can be
made.
©lp ©nuingtim
Rural and Urban Page
News Covering Agriculture, Family Living & Community Activities in Newton County.
made in the privately owned for
est of which there are 93 percent
of Georgia’s forests.
We recommend that you follow |
the six-step forest management |
program which is being success
fully used by forest owners all
over the state.
These ste|>s are prevention and
control of fires, reforestation of the
idle land, timber stand improve- '
ment, diversified utilization, good j
harvesting practices, and wise
selling practices.
For more information on the;
six-step forest management pro
gram contact my office.
Mechanical Cotton
Harvester Operation
Your mechanical cotton harves
ter is no better than its operation.
In the field you should regularly
check adjustments. Among the
■ things to check are stalk lifters, ■
pressure plates, and amount of
spindle moisture.
Proper machine operation en-!
tails entering the row at full I
throttle, center on row, picking i
unit at proper height, and proper
speed maintained.
During operations you should
clean basket prior to dumping, j
clean picker heads, inspect spind-!
lessor cleanliness, and adjust
moisture flow to clean spindles
properly but prevent puddling. j
These are just a few items for !
you to do when operating mechan
ical cotton harvesters with spin
dle type pickers.
US Food Stamp
Program Aids
Needy Persons
The U. S. Department of :
Agriculture reports that during
June 53,581 needy persons in
the Southeast were receiving
aid under the pilot food stamp
program.
USDA's Agricultural Market-
I ing Service says that recipients
lin 13 pilot projects in the
states of Alabama, Kentucky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and
Virginia received $2,715,000
worth of food stamp coupons
during the first six months of
1903. The needy persons pur
chased $955,000 worth and re
ceived $1,760,000 free of
charge, which more than doub
led their food purchasing pow
er.
Under the food stamp pro
gram, eligible needy families
each month spend the money
they normally would be ex
pected to use for food to buy
food stamp coupons. They re
ceive, in addition, the extra
coupons to help them buy more
and better foods they need for
better diets.
Recipients use the coupons
just like money at. any food
store authorized by the Agri
cultural Marketing Service.
They may purchase any domes
tically produced food item with
the coupons.
The pilot food stamp pro
gram, administered by the
Agricultural Marketing Service
in cooperation with state and
local welfare departments, is
designed to strengthen the
agricultural economy, help
achieve a fuller and more
effective use of food abundan
ces, and to improve levels of
nutrition among needy families
or persons.
Local Livestock
Market Report
I Tri-County Livestock Auc
tion Company sold 450 head of
I cattle and 29 hogs Monday for
a total 'of $35,576.59. Milk
cows and springers topped at
$296.00, baby calves at $25.00
. and pigs at $13.00.
; Price ranges were: stockers,
; $19.90 to $23.75; calves, $23.75
I to $26.00; heifers, $19.10 to
$23.20; steers, $22.00 to $23.00;
' light bulls, $17.30 to $19.00;
heavy bulls, $15.90 to $18.20;
> canners, $9.75 to $12.00; cut
■ ters, $11.40 to $13.00; fat cows,
; $13.40 to $15.80; and hogs,
1 $16.40 to $19.10.
Elected Officials of Snapping Shoals EMC
k (~1~ $
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'will Hr fir 'l^—•;
DIRECTORS ELECTED io serve on the Snapping Shoals EMC Board are left to right:
R. O. Robertson, DeKalb County, to serve as president; L. J. Washington, Butts County
and W. C. Savage, Newton County. The annual membership meeting of the EMC was
held Friday at the Covington headquarters building.
Typical Houses Assist Georgia
Poultry Disease Research, Athens
There is no such thing as the
average man, but if you think
j a typical chicken house doesn’t
. exist, you’re wrong Construc
; tion of three broiler houses
' typical of those in Northeast
Georgia has recently been com
pleted at the University of
Georgia for use in poultry dis
ease research.
Actually these houses do not
look like typical houses and
they do have certain features
essential to research that would
not be found in an ordinary
| broiler house. Nevertheless,
they are a composite of the
features most commonly found
in the thousands of houses used
for broiler production in the
area.
Dr. S. C. Schmittle, head of
the Poultry Disease Research
Center at the College Experi
ment Station in Athens, recent
ly. explained their purpose.
“These houses are designed
to duplicate current environ
mental conditions of commer
cial broiler production in order
to make the findings of our
poultry disease experiments as
'Rabies' Control
Will Be Subject
Os WGTV Program
WGTV’s Growing South pro
gram will feature a veterinar
ian on one of its programs next
week in a discussion of rabies
control in Georgia.
The program is scheduled for
Friday, August 9, at 7:00 p. m.
Guest for the program will be
Dr. Charles Dobbins, head, Ex
tension veterinary department,
University of Georgia.
Among other programs next
week. Growing South will offer
a feature on liming crops and
pastures. P. J. Bergeaux, ex
tension agronomist, will be the
guest for the program which is
scheduled for Monday, August
5.
Another in a series of horti
culture clinics will be offered
Tuesday, August 6. A panel of
horticulture specialists will
answer viewers’ questions on
gardening and related subjects.
On Wednesday, August 7,
L. W. Morgan, head. Entomo
logy Department, Coastal Plain
Experiment Station, Tifton,
will give a presentation on
. grass insects.
Harold O. Baxter, Extension
forestry marketing specialist,
will be guest for the program
on Thursday, August 8. His
1 selected program title will be
“Moisture and Wood.”
Growing South is televised
' each weekday at 7:00 p. m. on
' WGTV, Channel 8, the Univer
: sity of Georgia’s educational
: television station. The program
I is produced by the Georgia
' Center for Continuing Educa
> tion in cooperation with the
, College of Agriculture. Ronny
Stephens is host.
' realistic and practical as poss
ible.” he said.
“The value of any research
finding must be measured in
terms of the conditions which
prevail throughout the experi
ment,” he explained. “No re
search discovery can be re
commended until it has been
thoroughly tested under field
conditions. Heretofore we have
had to do such testing on farms
i in the area. This has complicat
i ed and increased the cost of
our research. With these typical
houses adjacent to our labora
tories, we can serve broiler
growers a lot more effective-
I ly.”
The three research houses
are similar to ordinary houses
in these respects. Each has a
capacity of 5,000 birds, being
36 feet wide and 132 feet long.
All are of wood frame const
ruction on concrete block
foundations and have gable
type roofs covered with sheet
metal roofing. AU have dirt
floors and wide doors at each
end to facilitate placement and
removal of litter. Feed storage
facilities are located at the
center of each house.
Two of the houses, for venti
lation, have open sides which
may be dosed to any extent de
sired with adjustable curtains
I of a woven plastic material. All
curtains along each side may
be raised or lowered by turn
ing a single crank. Six ridge
ventilators spaced 18 feet apart
complete the ventilation sys
tem.
The third house, designed to
duplicate the latest trend in
construction, is completeb' in
sulated with one-inch styro
foam sheets and is ventilated
with a system of fans.
The experimental houses
differ from commercial houses
in the following ways. Floor
space in each is divided into 10
separate pens, each with a 500-
bird capacity. This arrange
ment provides for conducting
and replicating several differ
ent experiments in the houses
। at once. The division into pens
makes it necessary to use hand
filled feeders and waterers in
stead of the automatic systems
now used in many commercial
houses.
To insure uniform heat with
minimum maintenance during
brooding hot water brooding
systems have been installed.
Funds for constructing,
equipping and operating the
houses, at a total cost of about
$35,000, have been made poss
ible by the Georgia Poultry
Improvement Association
which is concerned with poul
try disease control, in coopera
tion with the State Department
of Agriculture. In addition, in
sulation material for the insu
lated house was provided by
the Dow Chemical Company.
IT PAYS TO ADVERTISE
UN THE COVINGTON NEWS
Honey Sales Pick
Up in Early July
J Extracting of the new honey
crop expanded across the
country in early July,
and alt hough warmer
weather slowed retail sames in
j many areas, a strong sugar
'' market and dimmer honey crop
1 prospects accelerated purchas
es, the U. S. Department of
Agriculture reports.
USDA’s Agricultural Mark
। eting Service in its latest Hon
, ey Market News report said
I Virginia tulip poplar honey in
bulk brought producers 11
; cents a pound, while in the
Midwest new crop clover
honey realized mostly 14 cents
. a pound.
Georgia extracted gallberry
honey in 60-pound drums in
sales to honey bottlers in early
July brought 12 to 14 cents a
pound, f.o.b. Georgia points,
while Florida tupelo honey in
drums brought 23 cents, with
palmetto honey bringing 13
cents, and with gallberry honey
priced at 12 cents. Florida
mixed flowers honey was
quoted in sales to retailers at
20 cents a pound in 5-pound
cans, while Virginia light am
j ber-clover honey sold to re
tailers at 25 cents a pound in
5-pound cans. Tennessee cot
ton-vetch honey sold to con
sumers at 25 cents a pound in
5-pound cans.
USDA S f ops Egg
Buying Program
The U. S. Department of Agri
culture bought 8.4 million pounds
of dried eggs during a purchase
program ended in mid-July.
The purchase program was be
gun in April by USDA's Agricul
i tural Marketing Service as a
means of helping to remove ex-
I cess supplies of eggs from the
market. The purchased dried
whole egg solids will be distribut-1
ed to nonprofit school lunch pro- [
grams, charitable institutions, and
non-profit summer camps for
children.
The Agricultural Marketing Ser- i
vice said the cost of the 8.4 mil-i
lion pounds of dried eggs was SB,-
782.000. The program was financ
ed with funds provided under Sec-1
tion 32 of Public Law 320
In announcing conclusion of the
purchase program, the Agricul
tural Marketing Service noted that
shell egg production during the
coming weeks will continue to de
crease seasonally. As a result of
the seasonal decline in egg sup
plies, prices to producers for
quality eggs during the past few
weeks have advanced appreciably
and are expected to continue to
do so in the weeks to come.
The Agricultural Marketing Ser
vice said that it expects the sup
ply-demand relationship for qual
ity eggs to keep producer prices
at satisfactory levels.
The Agricultural Marketing Ser
vice carries out surplus removal
programs, such as the completed
egg purchase program, under au
thority of Section 32 of Public Law
320 passed by Congress in 1935. |
Paved Dairy Lots Are Sound
Investment For Most Farmers
Paved dairy lots and paved
areas next to the barn are a
sound investment for the
dairyman on the grounds of
essential sanitation, an agricul
tural engineer believes.
“Get the dairy cows out of
the mud, and the possibility of
mastitis and hoof diseases drops
sharply,” says Paul A. Craw
ford, Jr., head of the Extension
engineering department at the
University of Georgia.
“And you’ll spend less time
cleaning cows before milking,”
he adds.
Mr. Crawford recommends
that the entire lot be paved
with concrete. From the stand
point of convenience, it is best
to do the job all at once. From
Peaches Delicate,
Handle with Care
1 “Handle with care!” Fresh
peaches — plentiful at south
eastern food-stores —will keep
their fresh appearance and na
tural goodness longer when
handled carefully in the store
and at home.
Mature peaches, says USDA's
Agricultural Marketing Ser
! vice, are neither too hard nor
’ too soft. With a little practice,
it isn’t too hard while shop
' ping to “get the feel” of a ma
ture peach. By holding the
’ peach gently in the hand, its
' degree of firmness can be easi
' ly felt. A hard squeeze isn’t
necessary.
Well-colored peaches vary
' in color according to variety,
1 with hues ranging from almost
1 white to yellow to golden to
1 blushing pink. The appear
; ance of a peach is very im
-1 portant. Learn to watch for
5 the “ground” or under-color.
Peaches which have a slightly
' green cast or under-color have
1 not been ripened fully on the
’ trees, and cannot mature ful
-1 ly. They will not develop a
> juicy, sweet peach flavor.
1 One of the most perishable
1 of fruits, tree-ripened peaches
1 require special handling from
tree to table. Growers and
1 shippers carefully sort and
’ grade their peaches in pack
■ ing sheds in the orchards, then
1 ship them immediately to buy
ers across the country. They
' travel by rail and truck, in
1 crates, cartons, and baskets,
' and are carefully stacked so
' they will get plenty of air
1 and suffer as little bruising as
possible.
Fresh sliced peaches covered
with cream has always been a
favorite on southern tables, but
for variety USDA suggests us
ing a Romanoff sauce on the
peach slices. Ingredients for
making 6 to 8 servings of the
' sauce are: 1 egg yolk, rind of
one lemon, juice of 1/2 lemon,
1 tablespoon butter, 1/2 cup
light corn syrup, 1/4 cup sug
ar, and 1 cup whipping cream,
whipped.
To make, blend egg yolk,
sugar, lemon rind, and lemon
'juice. S‘:r into corn syrup, and
put into heavy saucepan. Bring
1 1 to boil, stirring constantly.
' Boil 2 minutes, then stir in
j butter. Chill until thick (about
2 hours), and just before serv
| ing on sliced peaches fold in
whipped cream.
Processing Potatoes
Standards Announced
The U. S. Department of Agri
culture has announced new grade
standards for potatoes for pro
cessing. They will become effec
tive July 10.
The new standards provide po
tato growers and manufacturers
of various processed potato pro
ducts with a practical basis for
describing quality of the raw pro
duct, according to USDA’s Agri
cultural Marketing Service.
The new grade requirements
emphasize suitability for process
ing, and disregard appearance fac
tors and surface features which
are removed in preparation for!
processing. They also provide op
tional requirements pertaining to
specific gravity and chipping or
| frying quality. i
a cost viewpoint, however,
many farmers prefer to do the
job in installments. In the latter
case, the holding area, the area
around the hay manger and
water troughs, and the silage
area should be paved first.
Mr. Crawford says the aver
age dairy lot pavement should
be four-inch quality concrete.
This can be placed with ordi
nary labor and finished with a
broom to give a slip-resistant
surface. If heavy farm trucks
or equipment are to be driven
over the pavement at any
time, however, the concrete
should be six inches thick.
In specifying quality con
crete, Mr. Crawford points out
that the pavement must be
strong enough to resist barn
yard acids, as well as traffic.
He said such concrete is avail
able from any good ready-mix
plant. “In placing the order,
specify a six-bag mix, with six
gallons of water per sack of
cement used.”
Mr. Crawford emphasizes
that proper curing must follow
the placing and finishing of
concrete. “It must be kept moist
at least six days,” he states.
To prepare the feedlot for
paving, remove all soft mater
ials and thoroughly tamp the
subbase after grading to the
desired slope for drainage.
Build forms of 2 x 4’s or 2 x
6’s and place them in strips 10
feet apart. Moisten the subbase
before placing the concrete.
Placing, screeding and finish
ing operations will be simpli
fied if the concrete is placed in
alternate strips.
1 Once the concrete is placed,
screed or spread it evenly, and
then work out air pockets with
a wooden float. Mr. Crawford
recommends. After floating,
while the concrete still is plas
tic, give it a non-slip surface
with a stiff broom or steel
brush.
Mr. Crawford points out that
the concrete can be kept moist
during the curing period by
covering it with damp crocus
sacks or damp straw, or it can
be sprayed with a garden hose.
He says proper curing can
Extension Agent’s Column
By Mrs. Sara Groves, HD Agent
Summer Accident Hazards
The number of deaths from ac
cidents in the United States is
higher in the summer than in any
other season of the year, Miss
Lucile Higginbotham, head of the
Extension Health Department,
says.
During the three-month period,
June through August of each year,
the fatally injured make a total
of about 25,000 persons, or an av
erage of 270 per day.
To a considerable extent, the un
favorable accident record for the
vacation months reflects the sharp
increase in the number of drown
ings. largely due to the increased
participation in outdoor water
sports. About half of the more
than 6.000 accidental drownings
each year occur during the three
summer months. National safety
: officials estimate thtat approxi
i mately 2,500 of the drownings an
' nually are among persons swim-
I ming or playing in the water. In
addition, about 1.000 fatalities in
volve boat accidents. Most of the
remaining drownings result from
individuals falling into the water
from docks, bridges, and the
' shore.
Fatal motor vehicle accidents,
while not quite at a peak in the
summer, outrank every other
cause of accidental death in that
season, as they do in the o t h e r :
months of the year. The loss of
life from such accidents during
the June through August period
exceeds 3.000 a month. Drivers
and passengers constitute a great
er proportion of the total motor
, vehicle deaths during the sum-,
mer than other times. This re-1
fleets the greater use made of j
the automobile for vacation and
i recreational activities. Pedestri- j
double the strength of the slab,
thus eliminating cracks.
Seed Officials
Choose Georgia
For Annual Meet
Seed certification officals and
foundation seed personnel from
16 Southern states will come
to Georgia, August 4-6, for
their 14th annual meeting. Ap
proximately 150 delegates are
expected to attend the event at
Jekyll Island.
Two Georgians are co-chair
men of the 1963 meeting, and
five of the 21 program partici
pants are from the Peach State.
Hugh A. Inglis, Cooperative
Extension Service agronomist,
University of Georgia, and
Sammie B. Parkman, manager
, of Foundation Seeds, Inc., At
hens, will be in charge of the
’ meeting.
Georgians appearing on the
, program will be Dr. Glenn W.
■ Burton, chairman of the agro
' nomy division, University of
Georgia College of Agriculture;
J. R. Johnson, head of the Ex
. tension Service agronomy de
partment; George Lawson,
, Brunswick Chamber of Com
, merce; Eugene Adams of Nor
man Park, president of the
Georgia Crop Improvement As
, sociation, and Rex Wilson, field
, inspector for GCIA.
Mr. Lawson will welcome
\ delegates at a 7:30 a. m. break
fast opening the meeting on
t Monday, August 5. Mr. Adama
will bring greetings from the
GCIA, one of six sponsors of
’ the 1963 meeting.
Other sponsors are Founda
' tion Seeds, Inc., Athens; Cotton
Producers Association, Atlanta;
' L. R. Tucker Co., Royston;
Southern Seedsmen's Associa
tion, Shreveport, La., and Stof
fel Seals Corp., Tuckahoe, N. Y.
The following states will
have delegates at the meeting:
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas,
Oklahoma, Missouri, Arkansas,
Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennes
see, Mississippi, Alabama. Vir
ginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.
an fatalities are at minimum
. levels during the summer months,
; 1 partly because of the longer per*
, . iod of daylight.
5 Fatal injuries resulting from ac.
; cidental falls, ranking second in
importance to motor vehicle ac
cidents during the year, show lit
tle seasonal variation. The num
ber of deaths from this cause vary
from 1,500 to 1,700 a month.
Certain types of falls, such as
j falls out of windows and from
. trees, and fatal injuries sustained
. as a result of diving into water
। are most frequent during the sum
mer months. Accidental falls as.
I sociated with mountain climbing
contribute to the number of deaths
, ' in all seasons.
Lightning, a distinctly summer
hazard, takes from 100 to nearly
200 lives annually. It appears that
a considerable proportion of these
fatalities occur among individuals
engaged in outdoor occupational
or recreational activities. More
than two-fifths of all the deaths
resulting from electric surrent ac
cidents each year occur duripg
the summer, when much of the re
pair and extension of electric
light and power lines is done.
ROOTING CUTTINGS
If you like to root cuttings from
ornamental plants, there is still
time to try your hand at it this
summer, according to the Exten
sion Service Horticulturist Gerald
E. Smith. He also gives some help
ful tips to help you have better
luck with this project.
Most shrubs make several inch
es to several feet of new growth
each year. All of this new growth
that is mature enough can be us-
1 Continued On Page 21